A PPE N D I X

History of La Couleuvre Noire

The publication of Kenneth Grant’s very excellent book, The Magical Revival (London:
Frederick Muller, Ltd., 1972), serves to show for the first time in public print connections
between the O.T.O. (Ordo Templi Orientis) magical work of Aleister Crowley and the
Haitian Voudoo and Gnostic Magic. In fact, it is Mr. Grant’s contention that Crowley’s
magick, and especially his sex magick, is identical with the magic and especially the
magie sexuelle of the French and Haitian Gnostic adepts. In view of this connection, it
might be useful to give some information on the Franco-Haitian O.T.O.A. “Ordo Templi
Orientis Antiqua” and its origins and derivatives.
It is now fairly well known that Crowley received the initiatic succession of the
Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica from Theodore Reuss in 1912, at the time of his consecra-
tion to the order of bishop for O.T.O. Reuss had received this succession in 1909 from
Gerald Encausse, Grand Master of the Martinist Order and bishop of the Ecclesia
Gnostica. Reuss and Encausse had exchanged initiations, with Encausse receiving the
initiatic succession of the highest degrees of the O.T.O. from Reuss for France and the
French-speaking countries.
Gerald Encausse, born July 13, 1865, at La Corogne, Spain, and known as “Papus,”
had reestablished the Martinist Order in Paris. In 1890, he had been consecrated along
with the mystical writer Paul Sedir (Yvon Le Loup) and the occult-book publisher
Lucien Mauchel, to the episcopate of the Ecclesia Gnostica, by Jules Doinel (Tau
Valentin II). Those who have read Crowley’s autobiographies know that Encausse
inherited John Yarker’s Rite of Memphis-Misraim (which was originally French, but
which had been transferred to England via the U.S.A. between 1860 and 1875, and
which actually was the basis of the German O.T.O. since Sept. 1902) with the event of
Yarker’s death in 1913. Thus, Encausse was known to be connected with Egyptian and
mystic Masonry, Gnosticism, Martinism, and the Rose-Croix (through Stanislas de
Guaita), the Elus Cohens, and P. B. Randolph’s “Fraternitas Lucis Hermetica,” which
operated in France along sexual magical lines. It must be understood, however, that the
O.T.O. which Encausse received from Reuss did not contain the secret degrees and
work which Crowley was to develop within his own branch of that order. We are
discussing the earlier period, 1909 to 1912, which is prior to Crowley’s entry into the
work.
One of the adepts known to Encausse at the time in Paris was a young Haitian
Gnostic bishop, Lucien-Francois Jean-Maine. He had been consecrated to the episcopate
by Tau Synesius (who had been consecrated by Papus, Sedir, and Mauchel) and by one
mysterious Tau Orfeo VI (a Spanish Gnostic bishop of the older line which drew upon
the Albigensian and Memphis-Misraim currents) in 1899, at the age of 30. Lucien-
Francois Jean-Maine took as his episcopal name in Ecclesia Gnostica, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo
I. Lucien-Francois Jean-Maine was born on January 11, 1869, in Leogane, Haiti, and
died near Boston in 1960. Because of his position in the occult history of the times and
because of his connections with French and Spanish occultism, he was able to receive all
the most important initiatic successions and currents and transmit them to other mem-
bers of his race and also to the one line of Gnostic bishops which is derived from him

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and which has also absorbed the successions and currents of the American neo-
Crowleyan derivatives.
In the Haitian Voudoo, esoterically considered, we must make two important distinc-
tions. First of all, there was already an order comparable to the O.T.O. of Karl Kellner
and Theodore Reuss. I refer to the order and rite created by Toussaint-L’Ouverture,
which drew upon French cabalism, illuminism, and Dahomeyan African currents. All
students of Haitian Masonry are familiar with this rite, which is entirely too little known,
but which cannot be discussed in this essay for reasons of space. Secondly, there is a
very important distinction to be made between these mysteries of Voodoo, which are
parallel to the VIII and IX degree-work of the O.T.O.—I refer to the “mysteres de la
solitude” and “mariage mystique”—and those mysteries of the very esoteric Voudoo,
which are close to the XI and even higher work of Crowley’s O.T.O.—here I mean the
“mystere Luage.”
Thus, it is important to note that both Crowley and this line of esoteric Voudoo admitted
to the development of sexual magic and to the existence of secret degrees of attainment.
In this sense both the Haitian Gnostics and Crowley were to go beyond the O.T.O. of
Reuss and Encausse.
It is noteworthy that Lucien-Francois Jean-Maine received the Voudoo grades of
initiate, servitor, priest, and high-priest in Haiti, in his own father’s temple in Leogane,
before seeking his occult fortunes in Paris and Madrid. Also, there was a family tradition
that the Jean-Maine line was traceable back to a French slave-owner in Leogane who
had died there in 1774 (a common enough claim). In this case, the slave-owner was the
adept Martines de Pasquales, who had founded the Order of the Elus Cohens, the theurgic
current into which Louis-Claude de St. Martin (born January 18. 1743), the founder of
Martinist mysticism, had been initiated in France.
Prior to his consecration to the episcopate, Lucien-Francois Jean-Maine was ordained
to the subdiaconate, diaconate, and priesthood by Tau Orfeo VI, orders of the sacred
ministry of the Gnostic Church which fully matched in magical current his first three
degrees in esoteric Voudoo, given to him by his father. Between 1899 and 1910, Tau
Ogoade-Orfeo I worked with the scattered followers of the African-American adept P. B.
Randolph (born October 8, 1825) forming the loosely structured “Fraternitas Lucis
Hermetica” which worked the sexual magical techniques of their teacher and the three
mysterious degrees of his inner order. It has been well established by historians that the
O.T.O. of Kellner and of Reuss in Germany received most of its sexual magical teach-
ings from P. B. Randolph’s “Magie Sexuelle.”
It might be added that the manuscript of Randolph’s work was also used by a group
of Polish female bishops, the Mariavite Church, who assisted their male counterparts
until suppressed by the Roman Catholics. Recently, Randolph’s “Fraternitas Lucis
Hermetica” in France was headed by a Mariavite Gnostic Bishop, Msgr. Robert Bonnet.
Also, it might be noted that Randolph’s sexual magic in manuscript form was translated
into French and published by none other than that Polish high-priestess Maria de
Naglowska before 1931. Finally, it should be noted that Maria de Naglowska studied
Voudoo with the pupils of Lucien-Francois Jean-Maine between 1921 and 1930.

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 About 1910, Encausse gave the X degrees of the O.T.O. to Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I “for
Haiti and the French West Indies.” A branch of the Fraternitas Lucis Hermetica was also
planned. Jean-Maine’s consecration took place in Paris. Encausse, who had received
most of the higher grades of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim, received a few more from
Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I, who had received them from Tau Orfeo VI. Encausse, always
the gracious Frenchman and never to be outdone, exchanged what he had received
from Yarker and Reuss. However, it must be understood that the succession of Yarker
was that of paid-for or mail order diplomas and existed only on paper, while that of Tau
Orfeo VI was sacramental in character and based on the magic of the Ecclesia Gnostica.
Business difficulties and the war kept Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I from returning to Haiti until
1921. In order to build up the Spanish Gnostic Church, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I moved to
Spain in 1919, and in 1921 consecrated his successor in Europe for the Spanish Gnostic
Church-Rite of Memphis-Misraim occult system. His successor took the name of Tau
Ogoade-Orfeo II, and with his headquarters in Madrid directed the work of the Ecclesia
Gnostica and the magical and Gnostic-esoteric orders of Memphis and Misraim. For
under the combined influences of the O.T.O., Martinism, Gnosticism, and Voudoo—not
to mention the Fraternitas Lucis Hermetica—the Spanish and Haitian branches of the
Rite of Memphis-Misraim gave up entirely their quasi-Masonic character and became
completely esoteric and Gnostic orders of magic, i.e., The Gnostic and Esoteric Order of
Misraim, or of Egypt and the Gnostic and Esoteric Order of Memphis, within the larger,
totally occult and much more ecclesiastical “Ancient and Primitive Rite of Memphis-
Misraim.” This point must be emphasized because there are other branches of the Rite
of Memphis-Misraim which claim to continue a Masonic character, while our branch
is only interested in continuing the Gnostic and apostolic succession and the magical
currents of initiation.
Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I returned to Haiti in late 1921 and married. A son was born
November 18, 1924, who was named Hector-Francois. While in Haiti, Tau Ogoade-
Orfeo I created the Haitian Ordo Templi Orientis Antiqua—the O.T.O.A.—officially
organized in1921. It was structured to work in 16 degrees, rather than the X of the
Encausse-Reuss order, or even the XI of Crowley’s rite. Elements of Voudoo, magic, and
Gnosticism were worked into a system which “went up the Tree of Life and then down
the back.” It would be considered a very dangerous system by Golden Dawn standards,
but then the Haitians had been excluded from the Martinist-derived Golden Dawn by
reason of their race, so don’t judge them too harshly. I am certain they never regretted
anything they did!
In 1922, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I created the magical order “La Couleuvre Noire”
(“The Black Snake”), which worked four degrees, with a probationer’s and administra-
tive degree added to make it six grades in all. The relationship of the O.T.O.A. to “La
Couleuvre Noire” can be best described on the analogy of the relationship of the O.T.O.
of Crowley to the G.B.G. and the Choronzon Club of the American “neo-Crowleyan
derivatives,” except without the loss of any magical vitality on the part of “La Couleuvre
Noire,” as it was founded by the chief of the O.T.O.A. and not by a pupil. In 1930, “La
Couleuvre Noire” and the O.T.O.A. were made departments of the Rite of Memphis-
Misraim, together with the Gnostic Church and the Fraternitas Lucis Hermetica in Spain
and Haiti. In 1968, this was extended to the U.S.A. and the French West Indies.

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 In 1960, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I died in Boston, U.S.A., while on a tour of the Gnostic
groups in France, Spain, Belgium, and the U.S.A., which were under his jurisdiction. His
authority was passed on to Tau Ogoade-Orfeo II, the Spanish occultist and Gnostic, with
the provision that the son of Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I, Docteur H.-F. Jean-Maine was to be
consecrated to the episcopate and inherit the order and its rites. This was accomplished
in Madrid, on November 2, 1962, when the son of Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I, Docteur H.-F.
Jean-Maine was consecrated bishop and elevated to the patriarchate of the Ecclesia
Gnostica Spiritualis by Tau Ogoade-Orfeo II. The new bishop-primate and patriarch
took the name of Tau Ogoade-Orfeo III and thus continued the Gnostic succession of
Haitian bishops and Grand Masters of the O.T.O.A.
On January 18, 1966, an American Martinist, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV (born January
18, 1935), was consecrated to the episcopate for the Rite of Memphis-Misraim. The con-
secration took place in Chicago, with Tau Ogoade-Orfeo II and Docteur Jean-Maine act-
ing as the co-consecrators. Later, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV received the complete magical
consecrations and currents of the Ecclesia Gnostica Hermetica on August 10, 1967. The
Ecclesia Gnostica Hermetica carried the magical currents of the secret work of the
O.T.O. and the Choronzon Club, and thus united the Crowleyan (Germerian) and Neo-
Crowleyan (Choronzon Club and G.B.G.) successions with the Gnostic and Hermetic
traditions inherited from the Vilatte succession of bishops. The Patriarch of the Ecclesia
Gnostica Hermetica Tau IX (33=36) was the consecrator of Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV.
Then, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV exchanged the episcopate and Patriarchate in the Ecclesia
Gnostica Spiritualis with Tau IX (33=36) by making him XVI (33=36) of the Ordo
Templi Orientis Antiqua. Again, on December 25, 1967, another Gnostic succession
from Msgr. Vilatte was received from Tau IV (13=16), the missionary bishop of the QBL
Alchemist Church of Illinois (Egyptian Apostolic Succession) by Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV.
This is the same apostolic succession which the French Martinist and Gnostic bishop
Msgr. C. Chevillon passed on to the Swiss O.T.O. bishop who inherited the Crowleyan
order from Karl Germer. Astrologers should take note that Tau IV (13=16), born
January 5, was consecrated to the QBL Alchemist episcopate of the Vilatte succession
on November 4, 1967. Tau IV (13=16), previously consecrated in Ecclesia Gnostica
Spiritualis to the episcopate on January 18, 1967, assisted in the exchange of consecra-
tions and successions on August 10, 1967. In 1989, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV appointed Tau
Ogoade-Orfeo VIII (Courtney Willis) as the Sovereign Grand Master, then as the
Sovereign Grand Master Absolute of La Couleuvre Noire. Born on December 19, 1955,
He is the spiritual son of Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I. On September 7th, 1991, Tau Ogoade-
Orfeo VIII was consecrated as Hierophant of La Couleuvre Noire by Tau Ogoade-
Orfeo IV. Thus, the American O.T.O. and Gnostic successions were united with the
Franco-Haitian and Spanish successions. The events of 1966–1969 are discussed in the
5th Year course of the Monastery of the Seven Rays.
It should be understood by the readers that the O.T.O. and the Martinist lines of
initiations were continually being linked by means of the Gnostic episcopate. Also,
the succession of the esoteric Voudooists and the O.T.O. successions were united by
Gnosticism, in the magical Rite of Memphis-Misraim, and in the magical world of the
south side of Chicago Afro-American Spiritist-Gnostics during the 1960’s.

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 On August 31, 1968, Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV consecrated the Haitian occultist
Docteur Pierre-Antoine Saint Charles, born July 21, 1934, episcopate of the Ecclesia
Gnostica Cabalistica, the newly consecrated and elevated bishop taking as his patriarchal
name Tau Eon III, Tau VIII (29=32). Thus, in another Haitian adept and Gnostic
voodooist were united the following lines of succession which parallel those of Tau
Ogoade-Orfeo I in 1910: (1) the Encausse succession of the S.I.I. of Martinism; (2) the
O.T.O. Ecclesia Gnostica Hermetica and Choronzon Club successions from Tau IX; (3)
the Vilatte succession of the Gnostic episcopate, now possessed by all of the heirs of
Crowley’s order; (4) the Memphis-Misraim, Ecclesia Gnostica Spiritualis, and Ordo
Templi Orientis Antiqua successions from Tau Ogoade-Orfeo I; (5) the Voudoo succes-
sion of the four degrees (mentioned earlier in this essay), which Docteur Saint Charles
received from his Haitian traditions. Tau Eon III then exchanged his Voudoo consecra-
tions in their esoteric and magical (rather than religious) current with Tau Ogoade-Orfeo
IV for the successions of the Ecclesia Gnostica. These Voudoo currents were further
developed when Tau Ogoade-Orfeo III added the magical current of the esoteric
Voudoo high-priesthood to the succession of the Ecclesia Gnostica Spiritualis. Thus, the
lines of esoteric Voudoo and Aleister Crowley did meet in a definite succession of
Gnostic bishops, and in the dynamics of “thelemic Voudoo.” Note: this succession is also
possessed by the present (2005) Sovereign Grand Master Absolute of the O.T.O.A.
(Courtney Willis), forming a link between Crowley and the magic fire of Haitian Vudu.
In order to add more Haitian historical elements to the current, on July 27, 1970,
Tau Ogoade-Orfeo IV consecrated to the episcopate in Ecclesia Gnostica Spiritualis
Tau Ogoade V (Tau XV, 57=60), the well-known Haitian scientist, born July 27, 1930.
The newly consecrated bishop is the great-grandson of Haitian presidents Michel-
Cincinnatus Leconte and Nord Alexis.
And so the magical currents flow on and on and on. About the Ecclesia Gnostica
Spiritualis, yes, it is still in existence. In fact, in the words of John Yarker, when describing
the Rite of Misraim, “In a quiet way it is still conferred in this country under its own
Supreme Council,” composed of the Voudoo Gnostic bishops of 2005, and the Franco-
Haitian ghost of “Le Maitre L.-F.J.-M.”

Technicians of the Sacred

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