Republic of the Philippines

\ Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 2:
Theorems of a Parallelogram and Its Proof

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
0
Name of School: ___________________________
 In the previous module, you learned about the different properties of parallelograms. In this module
you will learn to prove theorems on the different kinds of parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus, square).

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency:

In this module, you will be able to:

 prove theorems on the different kinds of parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus, square). (M9AL-
IIIc-1)

What I Know
Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. Take note
of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this
module.

1. What condition will make parallelogram WXYZ a rectangle?

a. c. X is a right angle
b. d. and bisect each other

2. Which of the statement is true about theorem on rhombus?

a. The diagonals of a rhombus are not perpendicular
b. The diagonals of a rhombus are parallel
c. Each diagonals of a rhombus do not bisect opposite angles
d. Each diagonals of a rhombus bisects opposite angles

3. Which of the statements describes that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?

a. Diagonals bisect each other
b. The two diagonals are congruent
c. Two consecutive sides are congruent
d. Two consecutive angles are congruent

4. How many congruent triangles are formed when a diagonal of parallelogram is drawn?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

5. What does CPCTC in mathematics stands for?

a. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent
b. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are coherent
c. Corresponding parts of convex triangles are congruent
d. Corresponding parts of convex triangles are coherent

1
For items 6, 7, and 8,
Complete the two-column
proof table below.
Given: DOVE is a rectangle, with diagonals
D O 𝐷𝑉 and 𝐸𝑂

Prove: 𝐷𝑉 𝐸𝑂
E V
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. (6) 1. Given
2. 2. (7)
3. and are right angles 3. Theorem no. 1
4. and 4. All right angles are congruent
5. 5. Reflexive Property
6. DEV OVE 6. SAS congruence postulate
7. 7. (8)

6.
a. DOVE is a rectangle, with diagonals and
b. DOVE is a rectangle, with diagonals and
c. DOVE is a rectangle, with diagonals and
d. DOVE is a rectangle, with diagonals and
7.
a. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are bisects each other
b. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are perpendicular
c. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel
d. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent
8.
a. CPCTC
b. CPCCT
c. SAS congruence postulate
d. SSS congruence postulate

For numbers 9 and 10:

Complete the two-column proof with the following given below.

A B
78 Given: Rhombus ABCD
8
5 Prove: 5 6
6
D C
7 8

Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus ABCD 1. Given
2. ; 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 3. Reflexive Property
2
4. DAB BCD 4.
5. 5. CPCTC

9. Which is the best answer for statement number 5?

a. 5 8; 7 8
b. 5 7; 7 8
c. 5 6; 7 8
d. 5 6; 7 6

10. Which is the best answer for reason number 4?

a. SSA Congruence Postulate
b. SAS Congruence Postulate
c. ASA Congruence Postulate
d. SSS Congruence Postulate

What’s In
Activity 1:  Check Your Guess

Directions: In the table that follows, write AT in the second column if you guess that the statement is
always true, ST if it’s sometimes true, and NT if it is never true. You are to revisit the same table later and
respond to your guesses by writing R if you were right or W if wrong under the third column.

Statement My guess is… I was…

(AT, ST or NT) (R or W)
1. A rectangle is a parallelogram
2. A rhombus is a square
3. A parallelogram is a rectangle
4. A rhombus is a parallelogram
5. A rectangle is a rhombus
6. A square is a rhombus
7. A rhombus is a rectangle
8. A parallelogram is a rhombus
9. A square is a parallelogram
10. A square is a rectangle

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 What’s New
Activity 2: I Want to Know!

Directions: Do the procedures below and answer the questions that follow.

Materials Needed: bond paper, protractor, ruler, pencil, and compass

Procedure:

1. Mark two points O and P that are 10 cm apart.

2. Draw parallel segments from O and P which are 6 cm each, on the same side of and are
perpendicular to .
3. Name the endpoints from O and P as H and E, respectively, and draw .
4. Draw the diagonals of the figure formed.

Questions:
1. Measure the OHE and PEH. What did you find?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. What can you say about the four angles of the figure?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Measure the diagonals. What did you find?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Does quadrilateral HOPE appear to be a parallelogram? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

5. What specific parallelogram does it represent?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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 What Is It
Theorem 1: If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it has four right angles and the parallelogram is a
rectangle.

Given: WINS is a parallelogram with W is a right angle.

Prove: and are right angles

W I

S N
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1.WINS is a parallelogram with is a right 1. Given
angle.
2. 9 o
2. Definition of right angle
3. and 3. In a parallelogram opposite angles are
congruent
4. m =m and m =m 4. Definition of congruent angle
5. m = 90o 5. Substitution (SN 2 and 4)
6. m +m = 180 6. Consecutive angles are supplementary
7. 90 + m = 180 7. Substitution (SN 2 and 6)
8. 90 = 90 8. Reflexive Property
9. m = 90 9. Substitution (SN 7 and 8)
10. m = 90 10. Substitution (SN 4 and 9)
11. and are right angles 11. If the measure of an angle is 90, then
it is a right angle
12. WINS is a rectangle 12. Definition of rectangle

Note: SN is for Statement Number

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Theorem 2: The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
W I
Given: WINS is a rectangle with diagonals and .
Prove:
Proof: S N

Statements Reasons
1. WINS is a rectangle with diagonals and . 1. Given

2. 2. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are

congruent
3. and are right angles 3. Theorem 1
4. and 4. All right angles are congruent
5. 5. Reflexive Property
6. WSN INS 6. SAS Congruence Postulate
7. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of
Congruent Triangles are Congruent)

Theorem 3: The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.

R O
Given: Rhombus ROSE
Prove:
H
Proof:
E S

Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus ROSE 1. Given
2. 2. Definition of Rhombus

3. and bisect each other 3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each

other
4. H is the midpoint of 4. bisects at H
5. 5. Definition of midpoint

6. 6. Reflexive Property
7. RHO SHO 7. SSS Congruence Postulate
8. 8. CPCTC
9. and are right angles 9. and form a linear pair and are
congruent
10. 10. Perpendicular lines meet to form right angles

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Theorem 4: Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects opposite angles

Given: Rhombus VWXY

Prove:

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus VWXY 1. Given
2. ; 2. Definition of Rhombus

3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. YVW WXY 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
5. ; 5. CPCTC

What’s More
Activity 3: Answer the following statements with emoticons.

Draw  if it’s always true,  if it’s sometimes true or  if it’s never true.

Statements   
1. A square is a rectangle
2. A rhombus is a square
3. A parallelogram is a square
4. A rectangle is a rhombus
5. A parallelogram is a square
6. A parallelogram is a rectangle
7. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
8. A square is a rectangle and a rhombus
9. An equilateral quadrilateral is a rhombus
10. An equiangular quadrilateral is a rectangle

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Activity 3.1: Indicate with a check () mark in the table below the property that corresponds to the given
quadrilateral.

Quadrilaterals
Property
Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square
1. All sides are congruent
2. Opposite sides are parallel
3. Opposite sides are congruent
4. Opposite angles are congruent
5. Opposite angles are supplementary
6. Diagonals are congruent
7. Diagonals bisect each other
8. Diagonals bisect opposite angles
9. Diagonals are perpendicular to each other
10. A diagonal divides a quadrilateral into two
congruent triangles

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Show Me!

Directions: Complete the table below by choosing the correct answer on the clouds.

Given: C
B

Prove: ABCD is a parallelogram

A D

 𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐶 , 𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴  SAS congruence

postulate
 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 , 𝐵𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐶𝐵
 SSS congruence
 ABCD is a parallelogram postulate
 ABCD is a square  Reflexive Property

8
 Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4. CPCTC
5. 5. Definition of a parallelogram

What I Can Do
Activity 5: Build! Build! Build! Prove! Prove! Prove!

Directions: Read and answer the problem below.

Four boy scouts are planning to build a rectangular tent. Scout Daryl said that the measurement from
pole A to pole C is the same as the measurement from pole B to D. Another scout doesn’t seem to agree to
this, how will scout Daryl prove that pole A to C is congruent to pole B to D, given that the two parallel
sides of the tent is also congruent?

Given: Rectangle ABCD,

Prove:

A B

D C

Help scout Daryl prove that by completing the table below.

Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2.
3. and are right angles 3. Definition of a rectangle
4. 4. All right angles are congruent
5. 5.
6. 6.

9
Activity 5.1: Name It, to Win It!

Directions: Name all the parallelograms that possess the given. Write Rh for rhombus, S for square, Rc for
rectangle and ALL if it possesses the three.

Statement (Rh, S, Rc or All)

1. All sides are congruent
2. Diagonals bisect each other
3. Consecutive angles are congruent
4. Opposite angles are congruent
5. The diagonals are perpendicular and congruent

Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. In quadrilateral RSTW, diagonals and are perpendicular bisectors of each other.

Quadrilateral RSTW must be a:
I. Rectangle II. Rhombus III. Square
a. I c. II and III
b. II d. I, II and III

2. Which of the following is true about theorem on rectangle?

a. The diagonals of a rectangle are parallel
b. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent
c. If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it has five right angles
d. If a parallelogram has one acute angle, then the parallelogram is a rectangle

3. Which of the following is NOT a way to prove a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?

a. Show the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular
b. Show both sets of opposite angles are congruent
c. Show one set of opposite sides of the quadrilateral is both congruent and parallel
d. Show one set of opposite sides is congruent

4. How many congruent triangles are formed when a diagonal of parallelogram is drawn?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

5. What does CPCTC in mathematics stands for?

a. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent
b. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are coherent
c. Corresponding parts of convex triangles are congruent
d. Corresponding parts of convex triangles are coherent

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 6. Which is the correct proof on the given situation below:

Given: Rhombus VENI

Prove: 6 7
8 9

A.
Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus VENI 1. Given
2. ; 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 3. Transitive Property
4. IVE ENI 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
5. 6 7; 8 9 5. CPCTC

B.
Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus VENI 1. Given
2. ; 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. IVN ENV 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
5. 6 7; 8 9 5. CPCTC

C.
Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus VENI 1. Given
2. ; 2. Definition of Parallelogram
3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. IVN ENV 4. SAS Congruence Postulate
5. 6 7; 8 9 5. CPCTC

D.
Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus VENI 1. Given
2. ; 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. IVE ENI 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
5. 6 7; 8 9 5. CPCTC

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For numbers 7 and 8:

Complete the two-column proof table below.

H A Given: HATE is a rectangle, with diagonals

𝐻𝐸 and 𝑇𝐴

Prove: 𝐻𝐸 𝑇𝐴
T E

Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. HATE is a rectangle, with diagonals and 1. Given
2. 2. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent
3. and are right angles 3. Theorem no. 1
4. and 4. All right angles are congruent
5. 5. (8)
6. (7) 6. SAS congruence postulate
7. 7. CPCTC

7.
a. HTE AET
b. TAH ATE
c. AHT ATH
d. HTE EHA
8.
a. Transitive property
b. Reflexive property
c. SSS congruence postulate
d. SAS congruence postulate

For numbers 9 and 10:

Directions: Complete the two-column proof with the following given below.

G A
Show Me!

Given: Rhombus GABE

Y

Prove: E B

12
 Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2.
3. 3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
4. Y is the midpoint of 4.
5. 5. Definition of midpoint
6. 6.
7. 7. SSS Congruence Postulate
8. 8. CPCTC
9. and are right angles 9. and form a linear pair and are
congruent
10. 10. Perpendicular lines meet to form right angles

9. Which is best for statements 1, 3 and 7?

a. 1. Rhombus GABE, 3. and bisect each other, 7. GYE BYA

b. 1. Rhombus GABE, 3. and bisect each other, 7. GYE BYA

c. 1. Rhombus GABE, 3. and bisect each other, 7. GYA BYA

d. 1. Rhombus GABE, 3. and bisect each other, 7. GYA BYA

10. Which is best for statements 2, 4 and 6?

a. 2. Definition of Rhombus, 4. bisects at Y, 6. Reflexive Property

b. 2. Definition of Rhombus, 4. bisects at Y, 6. Reflexive Property

c. 2. Definition of Rectangle, 4. bisects at Y, 6. Reflexive Property

d. 2. Definition of Rectangle, 4. bisects at Y, 6. Reflexive Property

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

Activity 8: Especially for You

Directions: Do the procedures below and answer the questions that follow.

Materials: bond paper, pencil, ruler, protractor, and compass

Procedure:

1. Draw square GOLD. (Note: draw a square based on its definition: parallelogram with 4 congruent sides
and 4 right angles.)
2. Draw diagonals and that meet at C.
3. Use a ruler to measure the segments indicated in the table.
4. Use a protractor to measure the angles indicated in the table
What to and and and and
measure
Measurement

Questions:
1. What is the measure of ?
 If is a right angle, can you consider square a rectangle?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 If yes, what theorem on rectangle justifies that a square is a rectangle?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What can you say about the length of and ?
 If and have the same measures, can you consider a square a rectangle?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 If yes, what theorem on rectangles justifies that a square is a rectangle?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What can you say about the measures of and ?
 If and meet to form right angles, can you consider a square a rhombus?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 If yes, what theorem on rhombus justifies that a square is a rhombus?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What can you say about the measures of and as a pair and and as another pair?
 If divides opposite angles equally, can you consider a square a rhombus?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 If yes, what theorem on rhombuses justifies that a square is a rhombus?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Mathematics 9 3RD QUARTER MODULE 2
Answer Key

WHAT I KNOW
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. d

WHAT’S IN
ACTIVITY 1:  Check Your Guess
Answers may vary so just let them entertain each and later as they go on with the different
activities, they will determine the different theorems that justify each kind. Just let them do the
activity to determine their prior knowledge about the relationship that exist between the different
kinds of parallelogram.
WHAT’S NEW
Activity 2: I Wanna Know!
Accurate drawings and measurement must be done. They must be able to tell that OHE and
PEH measures 90o each and therefore, they are right angles. The diagonals must have the
same lengths. Quadrilateral HOPE appears to be a parallelogram because opposite angles are
congruent and consecutive angles are supplementary. Rectangle is the specific parallelogram
that it represents.
WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 2.1:
1. AT  6. ST 
2. ST  7. ST 
3. ST  8. AT 
4. NT  9. AT 
5. AT  10. AT 

ACTIVITY 2.2 Indicate with a check () mark in the table below the property that corresponds to
the given quadrilateral.
Quadrilaterals
Property
Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square
1. All sides are congruent  
2. Opposite sides are parallel    
3. Opposite sides are congruent    
4. Opposite angles are congruent    
5. Opposite angles are  
supplementary
6. Diagonals are congruent  
7. Diagonals bisect each other    
8. Diagonals bisect opposite angles  

15
9. Diagonals are perpendicular to  
each other
10. A diagonal divides a    
quadrilateral into two congruent
triangles

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 3: Show Me!
Statements:

1. ,
5. ABCD is a parallelogram
Reasons:
2. Reflexive property
3. SAS congruence postulate

WHAT I CAN DO
ACTIVITY 4: BUILD! BUILD! BUILD! PROVE! PROVE! PROVE!
Statements:
1. Rectangle ABCD
Reasons:
2. Reflexive property
5. SAS congruence postulate
6. CPCTC
ACTIVITY 5: NAME IT, TO WIN IT!
1. Rhombus and Square
2. ALL
3. Rectangle and Square
4. Rectangle and Square
5.Square

ASSESSMENT
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. d 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. b

16
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 8: ESPECIALLY FOR YOU
With utmost accuracy, the students must be able to answer the questions based on what they’ve
discovered in this activity.
1. GDL = 90o. Square GOLD is a rectangle because of theorem 1
2. GL = DO. Square GOLD is a rectangle because of theorem 2
3. GCO and OCL are both 90o. Square is a rhombus because of theorem 3
4. The m GDO = m ODL and the m GOD = m LOD. Square GOLD is a rhombus because of
theorem 4
Emphasize that theorems 1 to 4 are applicable to a square. Note to the students that the
theorems true to a rectangle and the theorems true to a rhombus are both true to a square.

Prepared by: VENI LESTER B. MANLAPAZ

Teacher I – Zamboanga Sibugay National High School

17
References
Bryant, Merden L., Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, et al. Mathematics Learner’s
Material 9. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014.

Bryant, Merden L., Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, et al. Mathematics Teachers
Guide 9. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014.

The Organic Chemistry Tutor. “Proving Parallelograms with Two Column Proofs – Geometry.”
December 26, 2017. www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQJnPfNb2Og.

MrPilarski. “Special Parallelograms Part 2 Rhombus and Rectangle Proofs Geometry Help.” January 25,
2012. www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zKCfd64HoM.

Development Team
Writer: Veni Lester B. Manlapaz
Zamboanga Sibugay National High School

Editor/QA: Eugenio E. Balasabas

Ressme M. Bulay-og
Mary Jane I. Yeban

Reviewer: Gina I. Lihao

EPS-Mathematics

Illustrator:
Layout Artist:

Management Team: Evelyn F. Importante

OIC-CID Chief EPS

Jerry c. Bokingkito
OIC-Assistant SDS

Aurelio A. Santisas, CESE

OIC- Assistant SDS

Jenelyn A. Aleman, CESO VI

OIC- Schools Division Superintendent

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