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Power System Analysis: Unit-Ii:: Power Flow Studies

Power flow studies are important for power system planning and operation. They determine bus voltages, real and reactive power flows, and line losses under normal and emergency conditions. This allows optimization of circuit usage, development of voltage profiles, and minimization of losses. The document discusses power flow equations and iterative methods like Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson to solve the nonlinear power flow problem. Power flow studies are undertaken to analyze line flows, bus voltages, effects of configuration changes, and system losses.

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Hyma Gelli
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57 views2 pages

Power System Analysis: Unit-Ii:: Power Flow Studies

Power flow studies are important for power system planning and operation. They determine bus voltages, real and reactive power flows, and line losses under normal and emergency conditions. This allows optimization of circuit usage, development of voltage profiles, and minimization of losses. The document discusses power flow equations and iterative methods like Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson to solve the nonlinear power flow problem. Power flow studies are undertaken to analyze line flows, bus voltages, effects of configuration changes, and system losses.

Uploaded by

Hyma Gelli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

UNIT-II :: POWER FLOW STUDIES

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1. Necessity of power flow studies
2. Derivation of static power flow equations
3. Gauss-Seidel Method (limited to 3-buses)
4. Algorithm-Newton Raphson Method in Rectangular and polar coordinates form
5. Derivation of Jacobian matrix, power flow solution using NR method (3bus)
6. Decoupled and fast Decoupled method (3 bus), Algorithms
============================================================================
Overview

Load flow studies are one of the most important aspects of power system planning and
operation. The load flow gives us the sinusoidal steady state of the entire system - voltages, real and
reactive power generated and absorbed and line losses. Since the load is a static quantity and it is the
power that flows through transmission lines, the purists prefer to call this Power Flow studies rather
than load flow studies. We shall however stick to the original nomenclature of load flow.

Through the load flow studies we can obtain the voltage magnitudes and angles at each bus in the
steady state. This is rather important as the magnitudes of the bus voltages are required to be held within
a specified limit. Once the bus voltage magnitudes and their angles are computed using the load flow, the
real and reactive power flow through each line can be computed. Also based on the difference between
power flow in the sending and receiving ends, the losses in a particular line can also be computed.
Furthermore, from the line flow we can also determine the over and under load conditions.

The steady state power and reactive power supplied by a bus in a power network are expressed
in terms of nonlinear algebraic equations. We therefore would require iterative methods for solving these
equations. In this chapter we shall discuss two of the load flow methods. We shall also delineate how to
interpret the load flow results.

A load flow analysis determines how the electrical system will perform during normal and emergency
operating conditions, providing the information needed to:
 Optimize circuit usage.
 Develop practical voltage profiles.
 Minimize kW and kVar losses.
 Develop equipment specification guidelines.
 Identify transformer tap settings.

Power flow studies are undertaken for various reasons, some of which are the
following:
I. The line flows
2. The bus voltages and system voltage profile
3. The effect of change in configuration and incorporating new circuits on system
loading
4. The effect of temporary loss of transmission capacity and (or) generation on
system
loading and accompanied effects.
5. The effect of in-phase and quadrative boost voltages on system loading
6. Economic system operation
7. System loss minimization
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
UNIT-II :: POWER FLOW STUDIES

=================================================================
8. Transformer tap setting for economic operation
9. Possible improvements to an existing system by change of conductor sizes and
system voltages.

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