European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 7, Issue 2, 2020

ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHY IN
MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
COMPLICATIONS
Dr. Gaurav Gupta,
B.H.M.S. M.D. Asst. Prof, Faculty of Homoeopathic Science, JVWU, Jaipur
Dr. Hemant Vyas,
B.H.M.S. M.D. Asso. Prof, Faculty of Homoeopathic Science, JVWU, Jaipur
Dr. Ravi Jain,
B.H.M.S. M.D. Asst. Prof, Faculty of Homoeopathic Science, JVWU, Jaipur
Dr. Bharat Sharma,
B.H.M.S. M.D. Asst. Prof, Faculty of Homoeopathic Science, JVWU, Jaipur

INTRODUCTION
First time on December 30, 2019, a report of a cluster of pneumonia of unknown aetiology
was published on ProMED-mail, possibly related to contact with a seafood market in Wuhan,
China. [1] Following this till October 15, 2020, 38,394,169 confirmed cases of COVID-19,
including 1,089,047 deaths have been reported to World Health Organization. [2]
First time, this case was reported on December 31, 2019 by WHO Country Office in China
but based on symptoms; its beginning can be traced in initial days of December 2019.
Initially for first few cases (n=29), this infection was classified as "pneumonia of unknown
etiology." Following intensive outbreak investigation by the Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) and local CDCs, this infection was classified as novel viral
infection belonging to the coronavirus (CoV) family. Finally on February 11, 2020, the WHO
Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, announced that the disease caused by
this new CoV was a "COVID-19," which is the acronym of "coronavirus disease 2019". [3]
This Coronaviruses are encapsulated, single-stranded RNA viruses that generally cause mild,
cold-like illnesses in human beings and belongs to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). [4]
Since December 2019, COVID-19 information has much evolved. Much information has
been gathered about its transmission, symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Many clinical trials are undergoing regarding its vaccination. Along with this, many case
reports have suggested about probable complications which arises during either the stage of
illness or convalescence periods. These long-term effects of surviving COVID-19 have
become a new focus of attention for clinicians and researchers. [5]

LONG COVID [COVID-19 Post-Intensive Care Syndrome]

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) refers to a patient with new or worsening impairment in
any physical, cognitive, or mental domain after critical illness or intensive care. These
impairments persist beyond the intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. PICS impairments
often last more than a year and have a profound impact on patients‘ quality of life, as well as

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that of their family members, known as PICS-F. Individuals with PICS-F are most commonly
affected in the domain of mental health. As many as 40% of patients with PICS are unable to
return to their former level of function, resulting in job loss and financial difficulties that can
further complicate access to healthcare. Iatrogenic complications from polypharmacy and
fragmentation of care also impact patient recovery as there is often a mismatch between the
support needed relative to the support provided. [6]
―Long covid‖ is the term that is being used to describe illness in people who have recovered
from covid-19 but are still report lasting effects of the infection or have had the usual
symptoms for far longer than would be expected. [7] It includes COVID-19-associated acute
respiratory distress syndrome, and involves persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and
catabolism. Substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality accompany PICS, even in
young, fit populations without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. [5] Many people,
including doctors who have been infected, have shared their anecdotal experiences on social
media, in the traditional media, and through patient‘s groups. [7]
Patients with COVID-19 treated in the ICU that survive may be at higher risk for developing
PICS given the constraints on social support (restricted visitation), prolonged mechanical
ventilation with exposure to higher amount of sedatives, and limited physical therapy during
and after hospitalization given the risk of disease transmission. [6]
The post‐ COVID‐ 19 manifestation is largely similar to the post‐ SARS syndrome. [8] In a
study from the post-SARS era, it was observed that patients develop long term fatigue,
diffuse myalgia, weakness, depression, and sleep-disordered breathing. It also increases the
chances of higher rates of PTSD, depression, and substance abuse for patients, families, and
health care workers. [6]
Patients with severe illness due to COVID-19 often develop critical illness with hypoxemic
respiratory failure, most commonly ARDS. [6] Intensive care unit (ICU) stays of patients with
ARDS are lengthy and characterised by severe hypoxaemia, extrapulmonary organ failures,
and a marked inflammatory response. Organs undergo microscopic damage at the time of
acute inflammation and display imperfect repair, with acute kidney injury and cardiovascular
dysfunction transitioning to chronic kidney disease and post-ICU major adverse cardiac
events [5] It could also lead to serious systemic consequences affecting most of the major
organs including the digestive tract, liver and pancreas. [9] A study has found that in patients
who had recovered from COVID-19, 87.4% reported persistence of at least 1 symptom upto
60 days after onset of first COVID-19 symptoms. [10] Another study has suggested that
Survivors of the critically ill new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients still
have post-ICU syndrome (PICS) manifestations of varying degrees after leaving the ICU, and
comprehensive respiratory rehabilitation interventions is required. [11]
In a study about 90 % patients report symptoms even after recovery from COVID-19 and
only 10.8 % of all subjects have no manifestation. Subjects post recovery suffered from
several symptoms and diseases. The most common symptom reported was fatigue (72.8 %),
more critical manifestations like stroke, renal failure, myocarditis, and pulmonary fibrosis
were reported by a few percent of the subjects. There was a relationship between the presence
of other comorbidities and severity of the disease. Also, the severity of COVID‐ 19 was
related to the severity of post‐ COVID‐ 19 manifestations. [8]
The post‐ COVID‐ 19 manifestation is largely similar to the post‐ SARS syndrome. [8] In a
study from the post-SARS era, it was observed that patients develop long term fatigue,
diffuse myalgia, weakness, depression, and sleep-disordered breathing. It also increases the

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chances of higher rates of PTSD, depression, and substance abuse for patients, families, and
health care workers. [6] Some previous studies related to ARDS have shown that the case
fatality rate of patients admitted to the ICU due to ARDS or sepsis within 12 months after
discharge is 40%~50%. 50%~70% of survivors have cognitive dysfunction, 60%~80% Of
survivors have physical dysfunction, and up to 30% of ARDS survivors will suffer from post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Among them, elderly patients with previous depression and
low socioeconomic groups are more affected. [11]
Heart conditions associated with COVID-19 include inflammation and damage to the heart
muscle itself, known as myocarditis, or inflammation of the covering of the heart, known as
pericarditis. COVID-19, especially in older people with underlying illness may cause severe
disease and death that may involve heart damage. Young adults with COVID-19, including
athletes, can also suffer from myocarditis. [12] Severe coagulopathy is also seen in patient with
COVID-19 pneumonia possibly due to its multifocal thromboembolic disease involving the
pulmonary, cerebral, and renal circulations include coagulopathy due to COVID-19 versus
cardioembolic cause in the setting of atrial fibrillation. [13] COVID-19 pneumonia seems to
have role as a precipitant factor for acute venous thrombo-embolism. [14]

HOMOEOPATHY IN LONG COVID

Scientific evidence in various epidemics clearly showcase that Homoeopathy can be used
both therapeutically and /or as prophylactic with success using approaches like Genus
epidemicus, nosodes etc. Its greatest successes have been recorded in the prevention &
treatment of flu like illnesses. [15] Homeopathy have given the best results during pandemics
even in Hahnemann time, when the mortality was very less in Homoeopathy in compare to
modern medicine. [16] Homeopathy is a system of therapeutics based on law of similars.
―Like cures like‖ ‗Similia Similibus Curentur‘. It is an universal law, where patient is
prescribed a similimum on the basis of ‗Totality of Symptoms‘. The disease is a reaction of
the patient to unfavourable environment factors and that this reaction manifests through signs
and symptoms the patterns of this reaction and the essence of these sign and symptoms gives
totality of symptoms. [17] The physician relies on the wholeness of symptoms revealed
during the entire evolution of the infection, and prescribes an ultra - high diluted succussed
solution product which has been proven to heal similar conditions. This is a great advantage
in this timing while Covid-19 disease is in rapid development, because the diagnosis of the
indicated ultra-high diluted succussed solution product is based on individual symptoms (if
these are very characteristic) or on the totality of symptoms, and not in the pathology. [18]
Homoeopathic medicines that can help in managing Long COVID complications are:
1. GELSEMIUM- It acts upon the nervous system, causing various degrees of motor
paralysis. General prostration with Muscular weakness. Dizziness, drowsiness,
dullness, and trembling is present along with Slow pulse, tired feeling, mental apathy.
[19]
Complete relaxation and prostration of whole muscular system with entire motor
paralysis. Desire to be quiet, to be let alone; does not wish to speak or have any one
near her, even if the person be silent. Lack of muscular co-ordination; confused;
muscles refuse to obey the will. [20] The heart is feeble and the pulse is feeble, soft and
irregular. There is palpitation during the febrile state. Palpitation, with weakness and
irregularity of the pulse. [21] It is accompanied by extreme restlessness from threatened
suffocation. [22]
2. PHOSPHORICUM ACIDUM- "Debility" is very marked in this remedy, producing
a nervous exhaustion. Mental debility first; later physical. [19] Is listless,
apathetic; indifferent to the affairs of life; prostrated and stupefied with grief; to those
things that used to be of most interest. [20] The patient pines and emaciates, grows

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weaker and weaker, withered in the face; night sweats; cold sweat down the back;
cold sweats on the arms and hands more than on the feet; cold extremities; feeble
circulation, feeble heart; catches cold on the slightest provocation and it settles in the
chest; dry, hacking cough; catarrhal conditions of the chest; tuberculosis; pallor with
gradually increasing weakness and emaciation. [21]
3. ARSENICUM ALBUM- It includes exhaustion, and restlessness, with nightly
aggravation, are most important. Great exhaustion after the slightest exertion. This,
with the peculiar irritability of fiber, gives the characteristic irritable weakness. [19]
There is Great prostration, with rapid sinking of the vital force with mental
restlessness, but physically too weak to move; cannot rest in any place: changing
places continually; fear of death; thinks it useless to take medicine, is incurable, is
surely going to die. [20] The surface of the body is pale, cold, clammy, and sweating,
and the aspect is cadaveric. Anxiety, restlessness, prostration, burning and cadaveric
odors are prominent characteristics. [21]
4. CHELIDONIUM MAJUS- A prominent liver remedy, covering many of the direct
reflex symptoms of diseased conditions of that organ. The jaundiced skin, and
especially the constant pain under inferior angle of right scapula, are certain
indications. [19] Constant pain under the lower and inner angle of right scapula. Patient
suffers from Constipation with hard, round balls stool like sheep's dung. There may
be alternate constipation and diarrhoea. [20] There is Congestion and soreness in the
liver, with jaundice. Right-sided pneumonia, complicated with liver troubles, or
jaundice. [21]
5. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM- Through the pneumogastric nerve it depresses
the respiration and circulation. [20] Clinically, its therapeutic application has been
confined largely to the treatment of respiratory diseases, rattling of mucus with little
expectoration has been a guiding symptom. There is much drowsiness, debility and
sweat. [19] when the patient coughs there appears to be a large collection of mucus in
the bronchi; it seems as if much would be expectorated, but nothing comes up. [20] The
face is covered with a cold sweat and is cold and pale. In cases of pneumonia; when
first coming down with a chill, it may be a very violent attack, such an attack as from
its violence produced prostration early. [21] Paroxysms of coughing, with suffocating
obstruction of respiration, dyspnœa, compelling one to sit up, shortness of breathing
from suppressed expectoration. [22]
6. BAPTISIA- The symptoms of this drug are of an asthenic type, simulating low
fevers, septic conditions of the blood, malarial poisoning and extreme prostration.
Indescribable sick feeling. Great muscular soreness and putrid phenomena always are
present. All the secretions are offensive-breath, stool, urine, sweat, etc. Epidemic
influenza. Chronic intestinal toxæmias of children with fetid stools and eructations.
[19]
Patient has aversion to mental exertion; indisposed, or want of power to think.
Perfect indifference; don't care to do anything, inability ot fix the mind to work. [20]
There is stupor, patient falls asleep whilst being spoken to, confused as if drunk. He
cannot keep his mind together, a wild wandering feeling. This scattered feeling is
further exemplified in the illusion that the body is double; limbs separated and
conversing with each other; can't sleep because body seems scattered about and
cannot collect pieces. There is a dull heavy sensation in head with drowsiness and
heavy eyelids. [22]
7. HYDROCYANIC ACID- Convulsions and paralysis are the leading notes of the
medicine‘s action. It acts on the medulla and through the vagus nerve on heart and
respiration. The breathing is irregular and gasping. The heat is greatly disturbed,
blueness and coldness of surface, pulse feeble, imperceptible. Respiration profound,

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frequent, and stertorous. Anxious respiration. Paralysis of the lungs. Violent

constriction of the diaphragm, with a sense of suffocation. Tightness of the chest (first
and second days). Tightness of the chest, gradually extending into the right side of the
chest and becoming a pain which extends over the whole chest and makes breathing
difficult (third day). Pressure and tightness in the chest (first day). Pressive pain in the
chest. [23]
8. LAUROCERASUS- Dyspnoea, with sensation as if lungs would not be sufficiently
expanded, or as if pressed against spine. Spasmodic oppression of chest. Gasping,
suffocating spells; clutches at heart; palpitation. Cough is dry, almost constant,
titillating cough; throat and mouth feel as if burnt with whistling sound. Cough, with
evening aggravation, severe cramps in chest, and rapid sinking of vital forces. [23]
9. NAJA TRIPUDIANS- Uneasiness and dull, heavy pain in chest. Lancinating pains
that aggravates on deep inspiration. Asthmatic constriction of chest; cannot expand
lungs; followed by mucous expectoration. Pain in left pectoral muscles in forenoon.
[22]
Suicidal insanity, broods constantly over imaginary troubles. Simple hypertrophy
of heart. For restoring a heart damaged by acute inflammation, or from relief of
sufferings of chronic hypertrophy and valvular lesions. [20] Angina pains extending to
nape of neck, left shoulder and arm with anxiety and fear of death. Damaged heart
after infectious diseases. Marked symptoms of low tension. [19]
10. PHOSPHORUS- Hard, dry, tight, racking cough with congestion of lungs. Sweetish
taste while coughing. Burning pains, heat and oppression of chest. Tightness across
chest with great weight on chest. Sharp stitches in chest; respiration quickened,
oppressed. Much heat in chest. Pneumonia, with oppression; worse, lying on left side.
Whole body trembles, with cough. Violent palpitation with anxiety, while lying on
left side. Pulse rapid, small, and soft. Heart dilated, especially right. Feeling of
warmth in heart. [19] Sensation of fatigue in chest. Congestion in chest, with sensation
of heat which ascends to throat. Anxiety about heart with nausea and a peculiar
hunger, somewhat > by eating, distressing even in bed. [22]
11. CROTALUS HORRIDUS- Action feeble, pulse tremulous. Palpitation, especially at
menstrual period. Trembling feeling of heart. Cough, with bloody expectoration.
Tickling from a dry spot in larynx. [19] Hoarseness, with weak, rough voice. Bruised
pain from larynx to chest. Cough with stitch in left side and bloody expectoration.
Excessive oppression of chest. Burning in chest with heat in forehead. Pneumonia
with tendency to gangrene. Lungs seem passive. Much pain in heart, through left
shoulder-blade and down left arm. Palpitation with sore pain in and about heart;
feeling as if heart tumbled over. Heart tender when lying on left side. Pulse hardly
perceptible. Phlebitis; varicosis; varicocele. [22]
12. CARBO VEGETABILIS- Cough with itching in larynx; spasmodic with gagging
and vomiting of mucus. Deep, rough voice, failing on slight exertion. Hoarseness;
worse, evenings, talking; evening oppression of breathing, sore and raw chest.
Wheezing and rattling of mucus in chest. Occasional spells of long coughing attacks.
Cough, with burning in chest; worse in evening, in open air, after eating and talking.
Spasmodic cough, bluish face, offensive expectoration, neglected pneumonia. Breath
cold; must be fanned. Hćmorrhage from lungs. [19] For the bad effects of exhausting
diseases, whether in young or old; cachetic persons whose vitality has become
weakened or exhausted. Persons who have never fully recovered from the exhausting
effects of some previous illness. Ailments from use of quinine. Bad effects from loss
of vital fluids; haemorrhage from any broken down condition of mucous membranes.
In the last stages of disease, with copious cold sweat, cold breath, cold tongue, voice
lost, this remedy may save a life. [20] Laboured respiration and shortness of breath,

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while walking. Wheezing and rattling of mucus in the chest. Great difficulty of
respiration, and oppression of the chest. Frequent want to take a deep inspiration.
Want of breath, esp. in the evening in bed. Compression and cramp-like constriction
in the chest. The chest is tight, with a sensation of fullness and anxiety. [22]
13. ARNICA MONTANA- The face or head and face alone is hot, the body cool.
Unconsciousness; when spoken to answers correctly but unconsciousness and
delirium at once return. Says there is nothing the matter with him. [20] Angina pectoris;
pain especially severe in elbow of left arm. Stitches in heart. Pulse feeble and
irregular. Cardiac dropsy with distressing dyspnœa. Fatty heart and hypertrophy.
Coughs depending on cardiac lesion, paroxysmal, at night, during sleep, worse
exercise. Dyspnœa with hæmoptysis. Influenza. Thrombosis. Hematocele. [19,23,24]
Respiration short, panting, difficult, and anxious. Rattling in the chest. Oppression of
the chest and difficulty of breathing. Respiration frequently slow and deep.[25-28]
Shootings in the chest and sides, with difficulty of respiration, aggravated by
coughing, but breathing deeply, and by movement; better from external pressure.
Beating and palpitation of the heart. Pain from liver up through left chest and down
left arm, veins of hands swollen, purplish; sudden pain as if heart squeezed or had got
a shock (angina pectoris). [29-33]

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