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    Tut 4 UV-Vis With Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Londeka Buthelezi
    This document provides solutions to practice problems related to UV-Vis spectroscopy: 1) It identifies possible electronic transitions for peaks in a caffeine spectrum and explains the need for both a deuterium and tungsten/halogen lamp for full UV-Vis coverage. 2) It calculates the concentration of Co2+ in a sample using the Beer-Lambert law from absorbance data of a Co-thiocyanate complex. 3) Alkanes do not show transitions in the UV-Vis range as their σ→σ* transitions generally lie outside this region. Charge transfer transitions are observed for some compounds in the UV range.

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    Tut 4 UV-Vis With Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Londeka Buthelezi
    195 views2 pages
    This document provides solutions to practice problems related to UV-Vis spectroscopy: 1) It identifies possible electronic transitions for peaks in a caffeine spectrum and explains the need for both a deuterium and tungsten/halogen lamp for full UV-Vis coverage. 2) It calculates the concentration of Co2+ in a sample using the Beer-Lambert law from absorbance data of a Co-thiocyanate complex. 3) Alkanes do not show transitions in the UV-Vis range as their σ→σ* transitions generally lie outside this region. Charge transfer transitions are observed for some compounds in the UV range.

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    tut 4 uv-vis solution

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    Tut 4 UV-Vis with solutions

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    This document provides solutions to practice problems related to UV-Vis spectroscopy: 1) It identifies possible electronic transitions for peaks in a caffeine spectrum and explains the need for both a deuterium and tungsten/halogen lamp for full UV-Vis coverage. 2) It calculates the concentration of Co2+ in a sample using the Beer-Lambert law from absorbance data of a Co-thiocyanate complex. 3) Alkanes do not show transitions in the UV-Vis range as their σ→σ* transitions generally lie outside this region. Charge transfer transitions are observed for some compounds in the UV range.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    195 views2 pages

    Tut 4 UV-Vis With Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Londeka Buthelezi
    This document provides solutions to practice problems related to UV-Vis spectroscopy: 1) It identifies possible electronic transitions for peaks in a caffeine spectrum and explains the need for both a deuterium and tungsten/halogen lamp for full UV-Vis coverage. 2) It calculates the concentration of Co2+ in a sample using the Beer-Lambert law from absorbance data of a Co-thiocyanate complex. 3) Alkanes do not show transitions in the UV-Vis range as their σ→σ* transitions generally lie outside this region. Charge transfer transitions are observed for some compounds in the UV range.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Tut 4 solutions

    1. The UV-Vis spectrum shown is that of caffeine. Give the possible transitions for the peaks
    labelled A and C considering the wavelengths where absorbance is taking place coinciding
    with the highest energy and lowest energy transition.

    A – high energy – σ  σ* or σπ*


    C – low energy transiton - nσ*, will also accept ππ*

    2. A coloured complex is formed by Co2+, at acidic pH, with potassium thiocyanide (KSCN).This
    complex has an absorbance maxima at 390 nm with molar absorptivity of 4.95 x 103 mol-1 L
    cm-1. A 10.00 mL sample containing Co2+ was acidified with nitric acid and treated with
    excess KSCN to form the complex. The solution was then diluted to 100 mL and put in a 1.0
    cm path length cell and absorbance measured was 0.405 in a single beam UV-Vis
    spectrophotometer.

    a. What type of transitions are likely to occur in this type of compound? (1)

    Charge transfer transitions

    dd transitions also accepted.

    b. Explain why the deuterium lamp in a UV-Vis instrument needs to be coupled to a


    tungsten/halogen lamp to be effective in analysing a sample. (3)

    The deuterium lamp produces a continuous spectrum from ~150 nm - ~370 nm –


    which covers much of the UV range. A tungsten/halogen source handles the visible
    part of the spectrum. Hence, both sources working together gives radiation across
    the Uv-Vis spectrum which is effective in analysing a sample.

    c. Calculate the concentration of Co2+ in the sample. (3)


    Use Beers Law

    c = A/(ε × l) = 𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟓/(𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟎×𝟏) = 8.18 x 10-5 mol/L

    Dilution factor = 100 mL ÷ 10 mL = 10

    Therefore c = 8.18 x 10-5 mol/L x 10 = 8.18 x 10-4 mol/L

    3. Explain why most alkanes do not display transitions in the UV-Vis range. What type of
    transitions are observed in the UV range?

    Alkanes undergo σ  σ* which generally lies outside the UV-Vis range.

    4. List the major components of the UV-Vis spectroscope.

    See notes

    5. Draw a sketch showing the components of the monochromator.

    See notes. Important to show the entrance and exit slits as well as collimating mirrors and gratings

    6. Explain how the photomultiplier tube functions in the detection of a molecule.

    In photomultipliers, light hits a photocathode, releasing a small number of electrons, which


    are then made to collide with a series of dynodes, each more positive than the last. Each
    collision produces more and more activated electrons.

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