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TEACHER’S BOOK
Test 1
 1 hour
Reading and Use of English  |  Part 1 30 minutes

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Mark your
answers on the separate answer sheet. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Test 1

Example:
(0) A  knowledge B fact C data D news

0 A B C D

Cheetah: not your average big cat

That the cheetah is the fastest of the big cats is beyond dispute and common (0) knowledge ,
with it having reportedly been clocked at speeds in excess of 70mph. However, whilst it has impressive
acceleration over short distances, it could not (1) conceivably sustain such speeds for any signifi-
cant length of time. Therefore, when hunting, it relies largely on the (2) element of surprise to
use its speed to good advantage. Otherwise, in a prolonged hunt, it will (3) prove wanting in
the stamina department and generally have to abandon the chase.
Still on the (4) subject of running, incredibly, a sprinting cheetah is actually completely
airborne more than fifty percent of the time. Indeed, at full (5) throttle , its single stride length
is an impressive seven metres.
Cheetahs are peculiar amongst big cats, though, because, aside from their breath-taking speed, their
performance in other areas actually leaves a lot to be (6) desired . For instance, their nocturnal
vision is little better than our own. Uncharacteristically for a big cat, too, females are (7) inclined
to be loners, whilst it is males that are more likely to (8) congregate , frequently in groups up to
five strong. The collective noun for a group of male cheetahs is a coalition.

(1) A  conceivably B  perceivably C  comprehensively D 

predictably

(2) A  segment B  feature C  portion D  element

(3) A  show B  prove C  confirm D  disclose

(4) A  course B  field C  subject D  content

(5) A rate B  throttle C  rush D  scurry

(6) A  desired B  required C  craved D  fancied

(7) A  convinced B  swayed C  prompted D  inclined

(8) A  conjoin B  congest C  congregate D  disperse

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 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one
word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on

Test 1
the separate answer sheet.

Example:
0 O N e

The Batwa’s Plight

The Bwindi Impenetrable Forest in Uganda is impenetrable in more ways than (0) one .
Not only is it nigh on impossible for visitors to trek through the thick undergrowth in their quest to spot the
famed guerrilla inhabitants of the area, (9) nor/neither literally can the forest’s former residents,
the Batwa pygmy people, penetrate it at all.
Strictly (10) speaking , of course, the dense foliage does not prevent tourists from going in
search of the great apes which dwell there; it just severely encumbers them as they trek. However, not-
withstanding the difficulty encountered as soon as they enter the leafy habitat, (11) have/bear/keep
in mind that at least they can access this magical place. Entry is not an option afforded any longer to its
original human inhabitants, the Batwa or Twa people.
The Batwa were evicted from the land in 1992 based on the Ugandan government’s desire to make it
exclusively a guerrilla reserve - great for the ape inhabitants, yet you can’t help (12) but
wonder how fair that was on the Batwa. They appear to have got the (13) short straw to say
the least, receiving little compensation on account of not being official landowners (14) given
their traditional nomadic way of life.
Since that time, they have been in a never-ending struggle for their very existence. They cannot af-
ford to (15) think big and dream of a very cosy, rich lifestyle. Instead, they want only (16)
that which everyone deserves - a decent existence.

TIP BOX!

44 R emember, that you MUST spell your answers correctly in all sections of the Use of English (Parts 1-4).
44 Remember that you can only use ONE word for your answer. You cannot use contractions (e.g. can’t) or
phrases (e.g. in order to).
44 If the answer is not obvious, think about what kind of word might fit, e.g. a noun/verb/etc. Have a guess!
44 Always start by quickly reading the text for gist (general) understanding. Then, read the words before and
after the gap (or the sentence as a whole) to give you an idea of what is missing. When you have chosen
your answer, read again to make sure that it makes sense.
44 Familiarise yourself with passives (e.g. was said), inversion (e.g. Having said what he wanted), negative
adverbials (e.g. Seldom did he) and other complex grammatical forms.
44 Familiarise yourself with linkers (e.g. in order to) and use as wide a variety of them as possible in your
own writing and speaking practice to help you retain them.
44 Make a bank of new collocations, idioms, phrasal verbs, dependent prepositions, etc. as these are often
tested in this and other sections of the Use of English (Parts 1-4).

11
 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 3

For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines
to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your
Test 1

answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example:
0 T E n d e n c y

The Canaries: don’t let their reputation fool you

We often have a (0) tendency to buy into what everyone else thinks TEND
or the (17) mainstream image of things without ever directly experiencing STREAM
them or finding out for ourselves. Indeed, my original (18) perception of PERCEIVE
the archipelago of the Canary Islands is a perfect case in point.
The media’s portrayal of the islands as solely the domain of the party faithful, is, as
I found out on a recent visit there, plainly (19) inaccurate . Indeed, it is only ACCURACY
foreigners who have this horribly (20) misguided perception and most locals GUIDE
consider themselves (21) especially fortunate to reside in their South Atlantic SPECIAL
paradise.
And now that I have spent some proper time there, my opinion of the archipelago has
definitely shifted (22) appreciably such that it is now more or less in line with APPRECIATE
the locally held view. Take, for example, the notoriously rowdy island of Gran Canaria.
While there are (23) undoubtebly some party hotspots along the coast, move DOUBT
(24) inland but a few kilometres and you are rewarded with a virtually un- LAND
touched paradise. And that is before an exploration of some of the archipelago’s other
gems such as La Isla Bonita (La Palma), has even commenced. Indeed, the islands are
collectively and without exception a nature lover’s heaven.

TIP BOX!

44 Read the text for gist (general) understanding first.

44 You must use a derivative of the stem word given (e.g. accuracy ➜ inaccurate) to form each answer.
44 Read the information before and after each gap very carefully, paying attention not just to the gapped
sentence itself. Take, for example: A lot of people mistakenly believe autists can’t lie. This
(perceive) can make life complicated for them. Of course they can lie. Here, the best fit is misperception
not perception, and you have to read the before-sentence in order to get the right answer.
44 Study and make a bank of derivative words, paying particular attention to prefixes (e.g. unauthorised),
affixes (e.g. mainstream) and suffixes (e.g. attainment).
44 Practise word-transformation exercises (e.g. verb doubt to adverb undoubtedly). One way to do this in
your writing and speaking is to try to paraphrase what you want to say in as many different ways as pos-
sible, rather than saying things the same way all the time.

Aheadbooks
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 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 4

For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, in-

Test 1
cluding the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:
(0) Do you mind if I ask you a few questions for a customer satisfaction survey?
objection
Do you have any objection to my asking you a few questions for a customer satisfaction
survey?
0 have any objection to my asking

(25) The most skilled map reader was made responsible for navigating through the fog.
charge
The most skilled map reader was put/left in charge of nav-
igating through the fog.

(26) Coco said that her friends were surprised when she decided to resign.
came
Coco said that her resignation came as a surprise / to her friends.
decision to resign came as a surprise
(27) He doesn’t intend to run for a second term as president.
no
He has no intention of running for a second term
as president.

(28) The Prime Minister doesn’t understand why parliament is opposing his plan.
what
The Prime Minister doesn’t understand what parliament’s opposition to
his plan is.

(29) Derek was too lazy to volunteer for a role on the committee.
bothered
Derek couldn’t be bothered putting himself / forward for a role on the
committee. couldn’t be bothered putting his name

(30) Felicity changed courses only because she disliked her lecturer.
dislike
But for her dislike of/for her lecturer, Felicity wouldn’t have changed courses.

13
 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 5

You are going to read part of an article about about an alternative energy form. For questions 31-36,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the
Test 1

separate answer sheet.

Tree Energy
Renewable energy is a key focus of most nations’ energy programmes today, and with countries like
Portugal and Costa Rica leading the way in disproving those naysayers who claimed that it would never be
sufficiently reliable or commercially viable to provide power on a grand scale, it has received even more
attention of late. As the level of interest peaks, innovative new ways of generating renewable energy are
also being explored. Of course, wind energy has been around for a very long time now; however, research-
ers in Iowa have been examining it from a different perspective outside the box of late and they may yet
prove that it is possible to reinvent the wheel, so to speak - or the turbine - after all.
Inspired by the rustle of the leaves in the trees on a casual stroll one day, it occurred to one Iowan
scientist called Eric Henderson that it might be possible to harness low-to-ground wind energy in a way
that traditional wind turbines simply cannot, by replicating the conditions he observed. Indeed, the idea be-
came something of an obsession and he grappled with the notion for some considerable time, researching
in-depth the shapes, dynamics and oscillations of tree leaves with the help of two colleagues he recruited
from his university. Together, they conceived of the concept of a faux forest, where artificial trees replace
woody ones and harness the unexploited energy potential of low-level winds.
However, the concept proved far more complex in actuality than in principle, demanding the application
of very advanced physics. As their research continued, the scientists encountered the expected obstacle
of reliability; wind is not, after all, guaranteed and weather conditions are highly inconsistent. To maximise
conversion rates, the scientists’ faux trees would likely, therefore, have to little resemble their natural
cousins. However, they also soon identified a phenomenon known as parasitic capacitance as acting on
the energy conveyed to the leaves. This is something akin to a leech sucking the lifeblood out of its hapless
victim because while, in theory, wind-induced leave oscillation can generate a lot of energy, much of this
is lost through various parasitic effects, such as the leaves wiggling in different directions.
Since the identification of this and other problems, researchers have worked relentlessly to try to
overcome them, but, though they have made tangible progress, the road to commercial application is still
a long one. However, just as they have unearthed unforeseen complications, so, too, have they identified
additional means of harnessing energy from faux trees. For instance, another research group is looking to
broaden the scope of exploitation and increase the capacitive potential of faux trees by focusing on solar
and heat energy as well as wind. The technology and science is somewhat lagging at the moment, though,
and until it catches up, faux trees look set to remain little more than a novel concept for now.
Besides, question marks must remain for reasons other than practicality and commercial viability,
too; after all, the supposed attraction of renewable energy is that it is cleaner and greener, yet this is
another assertion that is heatedly debated. For instance, wind turbines, while providing clean energy in
one sense represent an unacceptable visual blot on the landscape to many, particularly as they tend to
be most suited to placement in remote areas of natural beauty, necessitated by the fact that wind speeds
and conditions simply are not conducive elsewhere - remote locations are, by default, very raw and wild.
Additionally, the infrastructure required to construct turbines can permanently alter the dynamics of the
surrounding natural habitat and ecosystem, particularly when transport systems must be built. Indeed,
nature itself must make way for this type of technology to be erected and the impact on the local habitat
can, therefore, be very significant. Would forests of artificial trees, then, be any less invasive and damaging
to the natural world? Besides, it is doubtful even if so that they would be any less of an eyesore.

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 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 5

(31) What have researchers been doing recently according to the first paragraph?
A  showing that wind is a viable energy form

Test 1
B  proving people who criticise renewable energy wrong
C  experimenting with different shapes of wind turbines
D  exploring innovative new ways to harness wind energy

(32) What is fundamentally different about Henderson’s idea for harnessing wind energy according to the
second paragraph?
A  it aims to use tree-shaped turbines to replace traditional ones
B  it aims to use living trees to naturally harness energy
C  it aims to exploit a source of wind energy turbines cannot
D  it aims to exploit low-to-ground wind energy using traditional turbines

(33) What unforeseen problem did the scientists encounter according to the third paragraph?
A  their faux trees could be infested by a parasite
B  much of the potential wind energy generated is unusable
C  their tree turbines would not look much like natural trees
D  leeches would attack the tree leaves

(34) What does the fourth paragraph suggest about the potential of tree energy?
A  scientists are close to solving the problems they have found
B  future technological advances may make it more viable
C  three viable means of exploitation now exist thanks to new technology
D  little progress has been made on solving the problems identified

(35) Why does the author discuss present wind energy systems in the last paragraph?
A  to illustrate problems tree energy could resolve
B  to highlight the importance of such clean, renewable energy
C  to highlight further issues with tree energy that will need consideration
D  to suggest that tree energy is superior to them

(36) What can we infer is the author’s position on tree energy?

A  even if it becomes commercially viable questions still remain to be answered
B  it is only a matter of time before tree energy is widely used
C  it is highly unlikely tree energy will ever become commercially viable
D  existing renewable energy sources are more environmentally friendly

15
 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 6

You are going to read an article about spiders. Seven parts have been removed from the extract. Choose
from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (37-43). There is one extra paragraph which you do
Test 1

not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Eight-legged Superheroes See Tip Box! on page 16 for help

Spiders, some of us tolerate them; others find them downright irritating; and many of us are actually
terrified of them; after all, there is definitely something creepy about those threatening fangs and hairy
legs. Yet, in actuality, spiders ought to be afforded near superhero status. We totally underappreciate
these helpful little arachnids.
Let’s start with the obvious … What do spiders eat? Insects, and vast quantities of them, in fact. So
much so that spiders are our primary controllers of insects. Without them, we would have plagues of the
critters overrunning our crops and living up to their alternative name by pestering us constantly.
37 H
What is patently obvious is that crop yields would definitely suffer to some extent. Whether what would
result would be of the magnitude of an insect apocalypse or somewhat lesser than that is, to a point, ir-
relevant. We ought to recognise it would create a very unpleasant situation indeed.
Arguably, we could use pesticides to fill the gap left by a lack of natural predation if spiders disap-
peared. However, that solution comes with its own problems and chemical control of our food produce is
controversial to say the least, given the negative impact research suggests that it may have on our health.
38 B
However, the issue isn’t solely crop protection. Spiders are also a relatively untapped resource be-
cause of a lack of research into the properties of their venom.
39 C
Indeed, the more spiders are researched, the longer the list of possible uses we are finding for their
venom. One university in Buffalo recently identified the venom of a South American spider for its useful-
ness in helping muscular dystrophy patients. And this revelation could be but the tip of the iceberg if fur-
ther investigations were carried out.
Scorpions - close relatives of spiders - were also found to have a possible use in medicine, where their
venom is concerned. It seems it could be effective in helping doctors to identify brain tumours.
Clearly, given that what little research already exists into the beneficial properties of spider venom
points to its huge potential, more urgently needs to be carried out - and not just on spiders but on their
aforementioned and equally unpopular cousins, too.
40 A
Now, returning to the discussion about spider venom, consider that around 45,000 different species
of spider have been identified and named, and scientists recognise there are probably the same number
more which have yet to be discovered. Given the potential shown in the few venoms which have been re-
searched, think of the possibilities if all types of spider venom were similarly investigated.
41 G
Vanish they may, however, as the threats to spiders today are multiple. Some species, for example,
have been captured to near-extinction by hobbyists. Why do we still allow this to happen? Were the hobby-
ists amassing elephants, for instance, we would all be up in arms; the protestations would be uproarious.
The greatest threat to spiders, though, comes from another form of destructive human behaviour; it is
habitat destruction in the main which is a constant threat to species.

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 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 6

42 D
Indeed, to exemplify how little we yet know about spiders generally, an expedition led by a Californian

Test 1
institute recently uncovered a great number of heretofore undiscovered species in just 42 days exploring
Luzon Island in the Philippines. The level of our ignorance is truly humbling.
43 F
So there may well be more romantic and attention-grabbing causes than that of the humble spider, but
before we turn our back on him altogether, we would do well to remember the possible consequences of
our neglect. If we continue to destruct spider habitat at present rates, it is something akin to adjusting the
rail tracks just as a high-speed train approaches; the consequences are likely to be very dire.
Worse still, if we cause the train to derail, we may never fully be able to explore the path down which we
may have been led had it been allowed to continue happily on its journey along the tracks.

A Putting the discussion on the chemical properties of their venom to one side for a moment, spi-
ders are also famed for producing silk. Incredibly - nature never ceases to amaze - spider silk has
a strength-to-weight ratio that is higher than steel. This means that it could one day be put to
commercial use in a diverse range of products from bulletproof vests to prostheses to surgical
threads. The potential for exploitation is huge.
B As for organic farming, which relies heavily on natural predation, or biological rather than chemi-
cal pest control, this would be severely affected. Indeed, the practice could even become unvi-
able and cease completely, leaving us with no chemical-free option for consumption.
C For instance, some recently carried out at Yale points to a future potential use for funnel-web spi-
der venom in the area of pain relief. Given the addictive qualities of some pain killers presently on
the market and, arguably, far too readily available to consumers, this natural alternative would be
very attractive indeed if the further research required revealed that it truly had genuine practical
and commercial potential for exploitation in this way.
D Estimates as to precisely how many are lost due to this kind of activity are hazy at best, and
indeed, most scientists shy away from even attempting to posit a figure. However, the number, if
it were calculable and accurately known, would almost certainly be shock- if not gag-inducing.
E However, interest in the subject is now building momentum, so we are likely to know far more be-
fore long about their venom’s potential. Funding, once so lacking in this area, is now being made
available. And it is not before its time, for continued habitat destruction has put some species on
the critically endangered list. But that, habitat destruction, is a conversation for another day.
F There is no telling, then, the extent of uncapped potential benefits we would forfeit were habitat
destruction to recklessly continue and untold numbers of species to be lost. Never mind the al-
ready highlighted potentially dire consequences for crop yields and other cascade effects.
G Of course, these are unknown, and, until the research takes place, we can only really speculate
about the spider’s untapped potential, but what’s to say that we couldn’t uncover the cure for
epilepsy or some form of cancer, for example. What a missed opportunity that would be if a spe-
cies with such a potent and useful venom were to disappear.
H Would famine follow? It’s hard to say exactly as the precise manifestation of a spiderless world
is unclear. We will only know if it happens, but let’s hope for all our sakes it never does.

17
 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 7

You are going to read extracts from an article about snowflakes. For questions 44-53, choose from the sec-
tions (A-E). The extracts may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Test 1

In which extract

is a point of contention amongst scientists over the effects of something highlighted? 44 A

does the writer give an insight into their personal outlook on life? 45 E

is the difficulty in proving something likened to searching for an everyday object? 46 B

does the writer examine the different ways likeness can be interpreted? 47 D

does the writer hint at the inconveniences snowflakes can cause in everyday life? 48 E

is the composition of young snow crystals differentiated in some detail? 49 B

are the range of possible forms flakes can take defined as almost never-ending? 50 C

does the writer suggest one form of precipitation is more likely than another? 51 C

does the writer suggest the closer something is inspected, the less likely an outcome is? 52 D

does the writer suggest that simplification can have a positive impact on the world? 53 E

TIP BOX!

44 R ead the instructions and glance at the title, any sub-headings, etc., first. This will give you information
about the style of text, the subject matter, etc., and help to stimulate your background knowledge of the
subject, related ideas, vocabulary, etc. Quickly read over the questions for the same reason at this point.
44 Read the text for gist (general) understanding next. Quickly highlight/underline any sections you think may
be related to the questions as you read. You can return to these for careful reading later.
Question 31: Use cue words/concepts to help locate information needed. For example, scanning the paragraph for
researchers locates where the answer can be found. Employ careful reading to check your answer. Sometimes,
questions are paraphrased so well cue words are not enough. This is when cue concepts (related words and phras-
es) can help. For example, the words examining and prove (both related to research) also give you a clue to where
the answer can be found.
Question 32: Scan for cue words that are hard to change. For example, Henderson’s is a proper noun. Scanning for
Henderson or related pronouns helps quickly locate where you can employ careful reading to find the answer.
Question 33: Parasite is another case in point. But be careful! Often, as here, distractors have a very similar meaning
to the information in the text.
Question 34: If you don’t understand every word, you should be able to infer meaning from context. The answer is
found here: The technology and science is somewhat lagging at the moment, though, and until it catches up, faux
trees look set to remain little more than a novel concept for now. Key ideas like until it catches up and concept help
you find the answer. Is a concept something which already exists? Watch out for distractors!! Just because a word
appears in one answer option, doesn’t mean this is correct.
Questions 35 and 36: Both require a gist (general) understanding; Q35 of the final paragraph, and Q36 of the entire
text. Q36 (the last question) will often test overall understanding in this way of the main idea, the writer’s feelings,
opinions or attitude, etc.

Aheadbooks
18
 Reading and Use of English  |  Part 7

A It is often claimed that no two snowflakes are alike, but what exactly is the veracity of this statement?

Test 1
Well, although you wouldn’t think it to glance at them, snow crystals are rather intricate. For that reason,
the answer is by no means clear-cut. For instance, scientists remain unsure as to how temperature and
humidity affect growth. Indeed, moving somewhat tangentially for a moment, nor are they yet certain
of the wider climactic affect flakes have. For example, they know that clouds of snow crystals reflect
sunlight during the day, producing a cooling affect; although at night they sort of blanket the planet,
absorbing the heat it gives off, doing the reverse. So whether such clouds contribute to global warming
or not is up for debate on account of these competing effects.

B As for snow crystals themselves, they undergo various stages of formation before they become fully
developed snowflakes. In the developmental stages, they are more simple structures, then they later
branch out and become complex. To start with, they resemble fairly plain and uniform six-sided prisms
that are hard to distinguish from one another. Such underdeveloped crystals do often fall to the ground
prematurely as precipitation. In this case, the probability of close likeness amongst different ones is
quite high in relative terms. So, hypothetically, it’s quite possible to find two more or less the same, but,
in practice, this would be like looking for a needle in a haystack - two, actually, so good luck trying to
prove it.

C However, snowfall is typically comprised of crystals at a more advanced stage of development - true
snowflakes, if you will - and here the odds change considerably with the likelihood of very close resem-
blance dramatically reduced. This is because the ways in which fully developed crystals can arrange
themselves are almost infinite. Once crystals have branched out to form large flakes, then, the chances
of finding identical twins are, therefore, extremely remote.

D Another problem with this question is how you define alike. After all, to the naked eye, most flakes look
more or less indistinguishable, irrespective of size or shape. Indeed, even under a microscope, more
simple crystal formations are strikingly similar to one another, though the unique characteristics of fully
formed snowflakes will be revealed. However, an understanding of the science of physics confirms the
extreme rarity of identical twins even amongst superficially similar flakes. In other words, at a molecular
level, likeness is a near impossibility, so the more closely we examine a flake and the more strictly we
define the notion of likeness, the less probable it becomes to ever identify two crystals which are truly
alike.

E It is, in a way, somewhat reassuring, though, that something as seemingly simple as a snowflake which
is in actuality incredibly complex, can still be uniformly beautiful in another purer, more innocent sense.
For, once the flakes have made landfall and begun to amass, snow is, to a degree, just snow, and it
takes on that kind of magical, fairy-tale quality that only it can evoke in so many people, but particularly
the young, who have less need to worry about the logistical implications of it amassing in ever greater
quantities, and, indeed, who usually welcome the closure of facilities, particularly academic ones, that is
normally commensurate with such accumulations. For it is the way of the universe as a whole, is it not?
Order springs from chaos, beauty is born from the most unlikely, disordered and chance set of circum-
stances. Indeed, as a self-proclaimed glass-half-full person, I like to think that we, human beings, are
not all that dissimilar to snowflakes, actually. After all, each one of us is, on some level, utterly unique,
and yet, remove all the complexities of life and the over-analysis, and, on another, we are all precisely
the same; hopeful, flawed, loving, caring, jealous and imperfect; perfectly so. The sooner we understand
that, the better for both our species and the wider world we inhabit, snow-covered or otherwise.

19
 1 hour
Writing  |  Part 1 30 minutes

Read the two texts below. Write an essay summarising and evaluating the key points from both texts. Use
your own words throughout as far as possible, and include your own ideas in your answers. Write your
Test 1

answer in 240-280 words.

1
Sport and Personal Development
There is a social aspect to participation in sport, which is invaluable as we develop during our
youth; indeed, the intrinsic element of learning linked to this teaches us life skills, such as how
to interact successfully with other people, and to develop bonds of camaraderie and friendship.
However, we also learn about ourselves in a more profound way; how we cope with adversity
and the manner in which we celebrate triumph. Pointedly, our sporting experiences can even
help us redefine these concepts in a less conventional way. Of course, in this age of obesity, we
ought not to overlook the importance of participation for health reasons either.

Competitive Sport
Youth is a trying time. In principal, sport participation is an excellent outlet for stress release
and enjoyment. In practice, however, all too often, it is simply yet another source of anxiety.
Young people feel under scrutiny and the expectation to perform on the field of play, which
sucks the pleasure out of participation. Instead, we allow ourselves to be defined by success or
failure in sport in much the same way as in other aspects of life. Additionally, parents, some-
times unintentionally, heap further pressure on their children and try to re-live life or lost years
through their child’s successes, or failures as the case may be.

Write your essay.

TIP BOX!

44 T here are two short texts related to the same topic. Carefully read each one in order to identify key points.
44 Highlight these key points as you read.
44 Include all key points in your answer in a structured way - separating out contrasting and complementary
views.
44 Avoid lifting large sections of the input material. Paraphrase the key points in your own words. Remem-
ber: marks are awarded for range of vocabulary and grammar.
44 Use examples and further detail to expand on and evaluate the key points, and give and support your own
view(s) on the topic.
44 Practise your timings in advance. Make sure you leave enough time to complete Part 2.
44 Marks are awarded for organisation, so be sure to use paragraphs and have a clear structure and logical
flow to your ideas.
44 Planning can help you achieve a better structure to your essay. Always spend a few minutes organising
the ideas you want to discuss into a clear paragraph plan before you start to write your answer.
44 Don’t waste time counting words in the exam. Familiarise yourself with what 240-280 words looks like in
your own handwriting beforehand. You won’t be heavily penalised for going slightly over the word limit.
44 Pay close attention to spelling and punctuation because marks will be lost if either is unclear. Allow
yourself a few minutes to read over your essay at the end for the purposes of error correction, checking
your grammar as well.

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 Writing  |  Part 2

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 280-320 words in an ap-
propriate style.

Test 1
2
An international travel magazine has asked readers to send in articles on the theme ‘Best kept
local secrets’. You decide to write an article in which you describe a little-known place, building,
service or facility with touristic value in your area, explaining why it is not already better-known,
what is impressive about it and its touristic appeal, and what type of traveller would find it most
interesting.

Write your article.

3
You belong to an English-language reading group which recently watched a film based on a
previously read novel. You have agreed to write a review of the film for the group’s website. In
your review, you should give your opinion of the film and how it compares with the book, and
say whether you are generally in favour of film adaptations of novels.

Write your review.

4
A popular English-language magazine has invited readers to send in letters sharing their recent
experience of a stressful situation. You decide to send in a letter in which you briefly describe a
stressful situation you were in, explaining what you did to cope and how your behaviour might
alter in the future in light of this experience.

Write your letter.

5 Set text questions 5(a) and 5(b).

TIP BOX!

44 Q uickly read the input material for each question. Remember: you must answer ONE question only.
44 Choose the topic you are most familiar with to write about.
44 Pay close attention to the text type (e.g. article or review) and target reader, and remember to write your
answer in an appropriate register (e.g. informal, neutral or formal).
44 Highlight/underline the key words and phrases in the input material. Make sure you cover all parts of the
task in your answer.
44 As Part 2 relies mainly on your own ideas, pay very close attention to planning, and structure your ideas
clearly and logically into paragraphs.
44 Show what you know! Use a wide range of grammar and vocabulary in your answer.

21
 Listening  |  Part 1 40 minutes

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best ac-
cording to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.
Test 1

Extract One
You will hear an education expert called John talking on the radio about fake news.

(1) What does John find most worrying about the new education initiative?
A  it shows how little trust society has in young people
B  it shows how serious a problem fake news has suddenly become
C  it highlights how little common sense young people have

(2) Why does John use the example of an alien invasion?

A  to show how serious the fake news problem is
B  to show how quickly fake news can spread
C  to show how worry over fake news is exaggerated

Extract Two
You will hear a woman called Alexandra talking on the radio about poverty.

(3) How did Alexandra react to the children begging for money?
A  she felt sorry for them
B  she felt they were harassing her
C  she felt they were trying to trick her

(4) Why does Alexandra refer to ‘a change of tack’ in relation to fundraising?

A  to suggest what villagers should start to do
B  to highlight how better methods are being used
C  to criticise tourists for how they react to villagers

Extract Three
You will hear two lawyers, Emma and Keiran, discussing the outcome of a recent case.

(5) Who does Keiran suggest was to blame for the incident?
A  the government
B  the claimant
C nobody
TIP BOX!
(6) What does Keiran mean when he suggests the judge was ‘caught
between a rock and a hard place’?
44 Remember: you
A  the judge made the correct decision hear each extract
B  neither option was ideal twice before the
next one is played.
C  the judge made a bad decision

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 Listening  |  Part 2

You will hear a radio presenter called Tania Parades discussing the subject of whale beaching along an area
of the New Zealand coastline. For questions 7-15, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Test 1
Tania wants to discuss the beaching reported this week not because whale beachings are unusual in New
Zealand, but because they have become (7) an annual event in the Golden Bay area.
Tania describes the mass stranding that occurred earlier in the week, as (8) a (very) significant event
on account of the sheer number of pilot whales that beached. / very significant

In spite of a rescue attempt by a large number of people, (9) only a handful of the whales
made it to the safety of deep water.
Tania believes that for once, it is the depth of water in the bay rather than
(10) human interference that is mainly to blame for the beachings.
The plentiful amount of (11) soft sand in the bay, combined with the gradual reduc-
tion in depth of the water, is thought to disrupt the whales’ echo-location methods.
The whales’ navigation problems are compounded by the fact that the tide rapidly
(12) moves in and out of the bay.
However, the conditions in the bay do not explain why so many whales can all make an identical
(13) navigational error at the same time.
Scientists speculate that mass beachings may be linked to the fact that whales tend to maintain
(14) strong social bonds within their communities.
In this sense, a mass stranding could be explained as a failed (15) rescue effort on the
part of the other whales in the pod.

TIP BOX!

44 C orrect spelling is essential in this part.

44 Answers will be single words or short phrases.
44 You have 45 seconds before the monologue plays to read over the questions. Use this time wisely to
highlight/underline key words/phrases/concepts to listen out for.
44 Use these key words/phrases/concepts as cues to help you follow the recording.
44 Remember that the questions are in the order the answers will be heard in the recording. This is particu-
larly helpful if you lose track of where you are while the recording is playing.
44 Think about what kind of information fits in each gap (e.g. noun/noun-phrase, verb, adjective, etc.). Make
sure that what you write in each gap makes grammatical sense.
44 If all else fails, have a guess!

23
 Listening  |  Part 3

You will hear a radio programme in which two people, James Reese and Yordanka Hellmans, are discussing
a planning decision by the local council. For questions 16-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits
Test 1

best according to what you hear.

(16) James feels that the rezoning decision

A  can still be reversed if campaigners fight hard.
B  should lead to resignations in the council.
C  does not spell the end of his campaign.
D  means planning laws are now on his side.

(17) Yordanka suggests that Buttersdale Park

A  has been zoned for industrial purposes for a long time.
B  is now largely protected from being built on.
C  will be further industrialised in the future.
D  covers a relatively small and insignificant area.

(18) Yordanka wants to ensure businesses set up in the new zone

A  have a lot of profit potential.
B  are supported and welcomed by the townspeople.
C  bring considerable benefits to the local area.
D  are owned and run by local people.

(19) James and Yordanka are in agreement that

A  only a small portion of the park will be affected.
B  applicant businesses should be carefully assessed.
C  only locally owned businesses should be approved.
D  the area boasts a very skilled workforce.

(20) James claims that an environmental report

A  suggests the entire park will be negatively impacted.
B  proves more of the park has been rezoned than Yordanka claims.
C  suggests the size of the rezoned area is very relevant.
D  should be commissioned to assess the impact on the park.

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 Listening  |  Part 4

You will hear five short extracts in which students discuss a social studies class project.

Test 1
TASK ONE
For questions 21-25, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker says about their decision.
While you listen you must complete both tasks.

A  it was based on a film plot Speaker 1  H 21

B  they discounted the obvious answer
C 
they picked the most intelligent answer they could Speaker 2  G 22

D  it came to them immediately

Speaker 3  D 23
E  it was the expected or most common answer
F they had recently contemplated a similar question
Speaker 4  E 24
G  they had an answer previously prepared
H  it took a lot of deliberation to reach Speaker 5  F 25

TASK TWO
For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker suggests.
While you listen you must complete both tasks.

A 
a return to a more naïve state would create a perfect world Speaker 1  A 26
B 
there should be a mass extinction of one type of animal
C 
their answer should have a condition attached to it Speaker 2  E 27

D  the world should be guided by young children

Speaker 3  C 28
E  the world is a better place without humans
F poverty and crime must be tackled first
Speaker 4  G 29
G if this occurred all other problems would resolve themselves
H we should reinvent the world guided by one emotion Speaker 5  H 30

25
 Speaking  16 minutes

Part 1  |  2 minutes for pairs (3 minutes for groups of 3)

Test 1

Interlocutor Good morning/afternoon/evening. My name is … and this is my colleague … . And your

names are … ? Could I have your mark sheets, please?
Thank you.
First of all, we’d like to know something about you.
Where are you from, Candidate A? And you, Candidate B?
Candidate A, are you working or studying at the moment? And you, Candidate B?
[Next, Interlocutor asks a series of personal questions, alternating between candidates.]
ll You mentioned you’re from place name. What’s it like living there?

ll How interested are you in place name’s history?

ll What role, if any, do you think English will play in your personal or professional

life in the future?

ll What would your dream job be?

ll How much interest do you take in current affairs, locally and globally?

ll Do you tend to use technology much in the course of your work or studies?

ll What do you like to do to relax and do you find it difficult to unwind?

Candidates .....................................
Interlocutor  Thank you.

Part 2  |  4 minutes for pairs (6 minutes for groups of 3)

Interlocutor  ow, in this part of the test, you’re going to do something together. Here are some
N
pictures of people in different situations.
[Interlocutor places the pictures on the desk and indicates two pictures for candidates to
initially focus on.]
First, I’d like you to look at pictures 1A and 1C and talk together about the different
aspects of urban living they show.
You have about 1 minute for this, so don’t worry if I interrupt you. [2 minutes for
groups of three]
[Candidates talk together for the allotted time.]
Thank you. Now look at all the pictures.
I’d like you to imagine that some students are going to have a discussion on the ad-
vantages and disadvantages of urban living. These pictures will be used as the basis
for the discussion.
Talk together about the advantages and disadvantages of urban living. Then suggest
one other theme to include in the discussion.
You have about 3 minutes to talk about this. [4 minutes for groups of three]
[Candidates talk together for the allotted time.]
Thank you. [Interlocutor retrieves picture sheet.]

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 Speaking 

Part 3  |  10 minutes approx.

Test 1
Interlocutor  ow, in this part of the test, you’re each going to talk on your own for about 2 min-
N
utes. You need to listen while your partner is speaking, though, because you’ll be
asked to comment afterwards.
So, Candidate A, I’m going to give you a card with a question written on it and I’d like
you to tell us what you think. There are also some ideas on the card for you to use
if you like.
All right? Here is your card, and a copy also for you, Candidate B.
Remember, Candidate A, you have about 2 minutes to talk before we join in.
[Interlocutor allows candidate up to 10 seconds, if necessary, to get composed.]
Would you like to begin now?
[Candidate A discusses the question for 2 minutes.]
Thank you.
[Interlocutor now asks Candidate B one of the following questions.]
ll Why do some people prefer to work alone?

ll Do some jobs require more cooperation than others?

ll Is it more important to encourage children to be kind to others or to think about

their own needs?

[Interlocutor invites Candidate A to re-join the discussion with one of the following
prompts.]
ll What do you think?

ll Do you agree?

ll How about you?

[The discussion lasts around 1 minute.]

Thank you.
[Interlocutor retrieves cards.]
Now, Candidate B, it’s your turn to be given a question. Here is your card and a copy
for you, Candidate A.
[Interlocutor gives a copy of the prompt card to both candidates.]
Remember, Candidate B, you have about 2 minutes to tell us what you think, and
there are some ideas on the card for you to use if you like. All right?
[Interlocutor allows candidate up to 10 seconds, if necessary, to get composed.]
All right? Would you like to begin now?
[Candidate B discusses the question for 2 minutes.]
Thank you.
[Interlocutor now asks Candidate A one of the following questions.]
ll Do you prefer a lively or quiet working(/learning) environment?

ll Is it more important to have opportunities for training or promotion in your job

role?

27
 Speaking 

ll Apart from salary, what other kinds of benefits do or would you value in a job?
[Interlocutor invites Candidate B to re-join the discussion with one of the following
Test 1

prompts.]
ll What do you think?

ll Do you agree?

ll How about you?

[The discussion lasts around 1 minute.]

Thank you.
[Interlocutor retrieves cards.]
Now, to finish the test, we’re going to talk about work and relationships in general.
[Interlocutor addresses some of the following questions to both candidates.]
ll Some people say the only person you can really depend on is yourself. What do

you think?
ll Nowadays, a lot of offices are open plan. Why do you think this is?

ll Thanks to social networks, we now have huge numbers of online friends. How

meaningful do you think these relationships are?

ll How do companies benefit from having a diverse range of characters in their em-

ployment?
ll A lot of people move from company to company today, not working any one place

for very long. Do you think this is wise?

ll In today’s world, it is often difficult for small companies to attract the best staff.

Why do you think this is?

ll In what ways do people need to cooperate with one another when they live in the

same neighbourhood or community?

[Up to 4 minutes is allowed for the discussion.]
Thank you. That is the end of the test.

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Test 1