Force Two System

Vibroseis Control System

Universal Encoder

User’s Manual
Printed in U.S.A.

©2008 Seismic Source Co. • All rights reserved.

This document may not be reproduced in any form without prior
express written consent from Seismic Source Co.

Seismic Source reserves the right to make changes and

improvements to its products without providing notice.
 Trademarks
Force Two and Universal Encoder are trademarks of Seismic Source Co.

September, 2008

F2 ver 2.20
DSP ver 2.18
Source Control ver 2.19

Seismic Source Co.

2391 E. Coleman Rd.
Ponca City, OK 74604
USA
Telephone: (580) 762-8233
Fax: (580) 762-1785
Email: [email protected]

www.seismicsource.com
Table Of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. 3

1 INTRODUCTION FORCE TWO SYSTEM ................................................................... 8

1.1 Force Two System Description...............................................................................................................8

1.2 Force Two Operation ............................................................................................................................10

2 DESCRIPTION OF UNIVERSAL ENCODER CONTROLS ........................................14

3 PILOT INSTALLATION..............................................................................................16

3.1 General Information .............................................................................................................................16

3.2 Connector Wiring..................................................................................................................................17

3.3 Boom Box / Shot Pro Operation...........................................................................................................19

3.3.1 Boom Box Operation..........................................................................................................................20

3.3.2 Shot Pro Operation ............................................................................................................................21

3.4.1 Advance II version 5 Decoders ..........................................................................................................22

3.4.2 Advance II version 6 Decoders ..........................................................................................................22

3.4.3 Vib Pro Decoders................................................................................................................................23

3.4.3.1 Vib Pro Radio Polarity....................................................................................................................23

3.5 Weight Drop Operation ........................................................................................................................24

3.6 Recording Truck Interface ..................................................................................................................25

3.6.1 Standard Serial RTI ...........................................................................................................................25

3.6.2 Sercel RTI ...........................................................................................................................................26

4 SOURCE CONTROL PROGRAM OPERATION ........................................................27

4.1 Program Information............................................................................................................................27

4.2 Main Window ........................................................................................................................................28

4.2.1 Sequence Table Selection ...................................................................................................................29

4.2.2 Vibrator Groups .................................................................................................................................31

4.2.3 Main Start Window: ..........................................................................................................................32

Force Two System 3

4.2.4 Start Sequence Selection ....................................................................................................................33

4.2.5 PSS Data..............................................................................................................................................34

4.2.5.1 PSS Graph Error Limits.................................................................................................................35

4.2.5.4 Creating and Saving PSS data........................................................................................................38

4.2.5.5 Viewing Saved PSS data .................................................................................................................39

4.2.6 PSS report ...........................................................................................................................................41

4.2.6.1 Options – Column Settings .............................................................................................................42

4.2.6.2 Options – Reset Columns ................................................................................................................42

4.2.6.3 PSS Export .......................................................................................................................................43

4.2.7 Radio Similarities ...............................................................................................................................44

4.2.7.1 Radio Similarity Analysis ...............................................................................................................45

4.2.7.2 Similarity Overlays - Store Plot Menu...........................................................................................47

4.2.7.3 Loading and Saving Similarity Data..............................................................................................48

4.3 Load Menu .............................................................................................................................................49

4.3.1 Sweep Table ........................................................................................................................................50

4.3.1.1 Flash Sweeps – Stored Sweeps........................................................................................................51

4.3.1.2 Linked Sweeps .................................................................................................................................55

4.3.2 Vibrator Parameters ..........................................................................................................................56

4.3.2.1 Vibrator Characteristics .................................................................................................................57

4.3.2.2 Phase Controls .................................................................................................................................58

4.3.2.3 Force Controls .................................................................................................................................59

4.3.2.4 Lift System Parameters...................................................................................................................60

4.3.2.5 Vibrator Limits and Error Parameters.........................................................................................61

4.3.2.6 Vibrator Radio Parameters ............................................................................................................64

4.3.2.7 Advanced Parameters .....................................................................................................................65

4.4 Encoder Parameters..............................................................................................................................66

4.5 Force Two Status Panel ........................................................................................................................68

4.6 Boom Box Parameters...........................................................................................................................69

Force Two System 4

4.5.1 Vibrator Number and Crew Number Setup ....................................................................................70

5 START TIME SETUP .................................................................................................71

5.1 Set up procedure....................................................................................................................................71

5.2 Setting Zero Time Delay .......................................................................................................................71

5.3 Setting Similarity Delay ........................................................................................................................72

6.0 MASTER SLAVE ....................................................................................................73

6.1 RTM setup .............................................................................................................................................74

7 DECODER SYSTEM - FORCE TWO VIBROSEIS CONTROL SYSTEM ...................76

8. DECODER DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM CONTROLS ............................................77

9 DECODER OPERATION ..........................................................................................80

9.1 Normal Operation .................................................................................................................................82

9.2 Normal Operating Display....................................................................................................................84

9.3 Start Sweep ............................................................................................................................................85

9.4 PSS data .................................................................................................................................................85

9.5 High/Low Force Selections ...................................................................................................................86

9.6 Auto Lift .................................................................................................................................................86

9.7 Half Up Full Up switch .........................................................................................................................87

9.8 GPS data.................................................................................................................................................87

9.9 End of the Day – Pressuring Down the Vibrator................................................................................87

10 CALIBRATION.........................................................................................................88

11 LOADING PARAMETERS .......................................................................................90

11.1 Parameters via Keyboard ...................................................................................................................90

11.1.1 Start Sweep Number ........................................................................................................................91

11.1.2 Resetting Presets – Force and Phase...............................................................................................92

11.1.3 Global Counter Clear.......................................................................................................................92

Force Two System 5

11.1.4 Password for Keyboard Entry ........................................................................................................93

11.2 Sweep Parameters via Keyboard .......................................................................................................94

11.2.1 Edit Sweeps .......................................................................................................................................95

11.3 Loading Vibrator Parameters ............................................................................................................98

11.3.1 Servo Parameters ...........................................................................................................................101

11.3.2 Vib Characteristics.........................................................................................................................102

11.3.3 Phase Control..................................................................................................................................103

11.3.4 Force Control..................................................................................................................................104

11.3.5 Lift Control .....................................................................................................................................105

11.3.6 Limits and Errors ...........................................................................................................................106

11.3.7 Radio Control .................................................................................................................................108

11.3.8 Advanced Control..........................................................................................................................109

11.3.9 Calibration Data .............................................................................................................................110

11.4 Vibrator parameters with Source Control ......................................................................................111

12 OPTIONAL FORCE TWO SYSTEMS ....................................................................114

12.1 GPS option .........................................................................................................................................114

12.2 VSR recorder (Vibrator Signature Recorder) ................................................................................115

12.3 Bird Dog II - Vibrator Quality Control...........................................................................................117

12.3.1 Bird Dog II – Wireline System ......................................................................................................120

12.4 Vibrator Simulator............................................................................................................................121

12.5 Vibrator PSS Monitor System – Spare UE .....................................................................................122

13 POLARITY AND PHASE CONVENTION ...............................................................123

14 RADIO REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................125

15 SERVICE & SUPPORT ..........................................................................................126

16 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................127

16.1 Communication Card Jumper Settings ...........................................................................................127

Force Two System 6

16.2 Encoder Information.........................................................................................................................128

Force Two System 7

 1 Introduction Force Two System

1.1 Force Two System Description

The Force Two Vibrator Control System consists of one Universal Encoder and
usually several Force Two Vibrator Decoder Units. The Universal Encoder is
interfaced to seismic recording system and an IBM compatible computer. The Source
Control software on the computer is used to control the operation of the Force Two
System. The Source Control Program can load and store parameters for all vibrators,
display and store all PSS reports, and perform analysis of vibrator similarity data. The
GPSview software on the Computer is used to track and store position of the vibrator
sources.

Force Two Universal Encoder – synchronizes operation of the recording system and the
Source Control Unit. The Universal Encoder can control Vibroseis, Dynamite and
Weight Drop Source Control Units. The Force Two Universal Encoder will control the
following units:
• Seismic Source Co. Force Two Vibrator Control Units
• Seismic Source Co. Boom Box – Dynamite Blaster units
• Pelton Vib Pro Vibrator Control Units
• Pelton Shot Pro – Dynamite Blaster Unit
• Pelton Shot Pro II – Dynamite Blaster Unit
• Seismic Source Co – Weight Drop Control units

Source Control software – Universal control software allows observer to easily switch
between seismic sources, i.e. vibrators, dynamite, weight drop. Single software program
allows the following operation:
• Receives Vibrator PSS information
• Receives Blaster’s PFS information
• Receives GPS position from Source control units
• Receives Shot Status information from Weight Drop Control Unit
• Receives and Analyzes Radio Similarities
• Sends and Receives Force Two control parameters
• Sends and Receives Force Two sweep information
• Sends and Receives Recording Truck information to ARAM, I-O, Sercel, Ascend,
VibTech, Geometrics, and other recording systems.

Force Two Vibrator Decoder Units – receive and synchronize radio signals from the
Universal Encoder. The Decoder units provide complete control of the Servo Hydraulic
Vibrator. The system controls the phase and force of the Vibrator within the user
selectable limits.

Force Two System 8

The Force Two radio interface and control system allows direct replacement of Pelton
Vib Pro units.
• Force Two control units can operate in same vibrator group as Pelton Vib Pro unit
• Force Two generates same sweep as Pelton Vib Pro Units
• Force Two unit uses same Start Code and PSS type as Pelton Vib Pro Unit
• Force Two has same PSS data as the Pelton Vib Pro Unit ( PSS type 12) and (PSS
type 15 VSR status)
• Force Two uses same Vibrator Wiring as Pelton Vib Pro unit
• Force Two can also use Advance II Start code for more reliable telemetry

Master/Slave operation of the Force Two system can be enabled by adding a RTM
(Radio Trigger Module) to the Master UE system. The RTM unit receives the “master”
start signal and transmits a Master Start code. The Slave UE units receive the “master”
start code information from the RTM units and verifies that the “crew number code”
matches. All of the recording systems can be synchronized using “delay entries” in the
RTM and UE units.

Force Two System 9

1.2 Force Two Operation

The recording system usually starts the Universal Encoder. The Encoder then sends out
radio start codes to the Vibrator Control Units. The Encoder then issues a “Time Break”
signal to the recorder at exactly the time that the sweeps from the Encoder and all of the
vibrators begin. The start time accuracy of the system is 25 microseconds. Four different
“Start Codes” can be selected. These four different start codes are used to prevent
interference to other crews working in the same area on the same radio frequency.

Many different kinds of sweeps are available including the following:

• Linear
• DB/octave
• DB/Hz
• T-Power
• Pulse Type
• Pause Mode
• Flash Mode
• Random
• Link Mode (Sweeps 17 through 32)

The sweep entry also allows for any initial phase settings.

The Universal Encoder has 5 BNC outputs on the Front Panel

1. True Reference – (Pilot Signal) – This signal should be connected to the
Recording System and used as the correlation operator for the Seismic Plots. This
signal will be in phase with the unfiltered accelerometer signal on the Vibrator
unit. The True Reference starts at “Time Break”, and can be used when
connecting to Vibrator Quality Control System like the SSC Bird Dog II unit.
2. Wireline Reference – This signal is a delayed True Reference Signal. It is used
when performing Wireline Similarities. The delay allows this signal to be
compared directly to the Vibrator Output signal on the Vibrator.
3. Radio Reference- This signal is a delayed Wireline Reference signal. The Delay
is the same as the one way radio delay for modulating and demodulating the radio
Similarity Signal.
4. Radio Sim – This signal is the selected Vibrator radio similarity signal that has
been transmitted back via radio from the Vibrator Decoder Unit. Normally this
signal is the Sim Ground Force Signal from the selected Vibrator.
5. Time Break signal – This signal occurs when the Sweep starts. It can be used to
trigger an oscilloscope or another recording system

The Vibrator Control Decoder Unit generates the selected sweep, controls the phase and
amplitude output of the vibrator. User selectable settings determine the exact control
type and control limits of the Vibrator. Two dual accelerometers are mounted on the
vibrator; one is mounted on the vibrator’s Base Plate and one is mounted on the

Force Two System 10

vibrator’s Reaction Mass. These accelerometers are used by the vibrator’s control
electronics to compute Vibrator Force output and phase error. One set of accelerometers
(Loop Accelerometers) is used for control system and the other set (Sim Accelerometers)
is used to independently monitor the vibrator output.

During each sweep, one vibrator may be selected for testing by means of radio similarity.
The output of the selected vibrator is transmitted over the radio link to the Universal
Encoder. The Encoder receives the signal and vibrator output signal is digitized to
produce the Radio Vibrator signal. The Radio Vibrator signal and the Radio Reference
signal are uploaded to the Source Control program on the computer. The Source Control
programs can display and store the following data:
• Signal traces
• Phase, amplitude, and fundamental component of the vibrator output
signal (usually the weighted sum force signal) verses time.
• Phase and amplitude of vibrator output verses frequency.
• Cross correlation of vibrator output and reference sweep, and its envelope.
• Harmonic distortion, shows total distortion.

Wire line similarities may also be used to test all vibrators simultaneously. When
performing Wireline similarities; the Wireline Reference signals from Encoder, the
Wireline Signal from the Decoder, and the SV (Similarity Vibrator) output from the
Decoder units are used for comparison. These signals should all be recorded on the main
Seismic Acquisition System.

The Vibrator Output for Similarity is user selectable. The Loop or Sim accelerometer
can be used for this signal. Normally for complete testing of the vibrator system, the Sim
accelerometers should be used for the similarity. However, the Force Two also allows
the selection of the Loop Accelerometers for similarities for testing purposes only.

During each sweep the Vibrator Control Units perform several “Quality Control Tests”.
These tests and the Quality Control Report are commonly called “PSS”. At the end of
each sweep all Vibrator Control Units report the results of these tests to the Universal
Encoder by transmitting in digital form the following data:
• Maximum and average phase error (Loop Accelerometers)
• Maximum and average fundamental force (Loop Accelerometers
• Average total harmonic distortion (Loop Accelerometers)
• GPS position
• Cross correlation wavelet of vibrator reference sweep and vibrator force
signal (Sim Accelerometers)

The results of the “Quality Control Tests” are displayed and stored by the Source
Control program running on the computer connected to the Universal Encoder. The
results are also compared to pre-established limits and, if any limits are exceeded, an
error is indicated.

Force Two System 11

The Source Control program uses the PSS cross correlation wavelet data to compute and
display amplitude and phase plots for each vibrator. These reports reduce the need for
frequent vibrator similarity tests. The cross correlation wavelet uses the “similarity”
accelerometers. The other digital PSS data uses the “loop” accelerometers

The Vibrator Control Units monitor torque motor current, valve spool displacement, and
force during each sweep, compares them to pre-established limits, and reduce drive as
necessary to prevent these limits from being exceeded. If one of these limits is reached,
then a “limits reached” message is shown on the Decoder Display and the PSS reports.
This limits reached is typical for most vibroseis operation. This is not an error in
operation, but allows the trained vibroseis operator to determine what limit is being
reached .

Sweep parameters and other set-up data can be entered with the Source Control program
on the computer and downloaded to the Universal Encoder. Sweep parameters and
vibrator parameters are entered into the computer and downloaded to the Universal
Encoder, which transfers them to the Vibrator Control Units via radio link. Parameters
may also be entered into to Vibrator Control Unit locally by means of its keypad and
display. Parameters may also be loaded to the Vibrator Control Units by connecting the
computer’s serial port directly to the Control Unit with the Source Control program.

An automatic calibration procedure is used by the Vibrator Control Unit to optimize the
performance of the Vibrator. This calibration routine also finds and corrects (if possible)
hydraulic and wiring errors on the vibrator.

An optional external GPS receiver may be connected to the Vibrator Control Unit to
enable position reporting. The GPS data can be viewed with the GPSview program on
the computer connected to the Universal Encoder.

Recording System Interface (RTI) – The Universal Encoder system also allows
connection to the recording system via a RS232 interface. This interface is standard with
most recording systems. The standard RTI interface allows the Recording System to
receive the “Ready message with GPS” from the Source Control unit; this ready message
can then be used by the Recording system to automatically select the correct seismic
spread from a preloaded script. The recording system then commands which source or
source group to shake. After the sweep is finished the Recording system stores the PSS
and GPS data for that source point.

Board interchangeability
Boards from the Encoder and the Vibrator Decoder units can be interchanged.
The Encoder uses 3 boards
• Radio/Communication Board
• DSP Board
• Power Supply Board
These three boards can be swapped between the Encoder and the Vibrator Decoder units
without any other modification. Be sure that the jumpers on the Radio/Communication

Force Two System 12

Modem are set the same. These jumpers determine the interface to the recording system
and are generally not used in the Vibrator units.
The Radio/Communication card also has digitally controlled selections for timing and
polarity. The parameters are stored internally in the Radio Communication card. After
changing cards, the correct parameters must be loaded into the new Radio
Communication Card. These parameters should be stored on the computer for each
project.
Note: When using the Vibrator Signature recording systems in the vibrators, the Time
Break settings may need to change for proper operation. See appendix for more
information on jumper settings.

Force Two System 13

 2 Description of Universal Encoder Controls

An image of the front panel of the Universal Encoder Unit is shown below.

1. POWER Switch, located on the Front of the panel. .

2. SWEEP Button and Indicator – The button can be used for manual sweep start.
3. FUSE
4. Radio/Power Connector (10 pin) – is located on the side of the unit. It is used to
connect
a. POWER Connection – Acceptable voltage range is 11 – 36 VDC
b. Radio Connection. Usually used to connect to VHF radio. See Radio
Requirement chapter for details.
5. Recording Truck Connector (25 pin) – is located on the side of the unit, and it
is used to connect to the recording system.
6. Computer Connector (USB) - This connector is located on the side of the unit,
and is used to connect to the computer running the Source Control software.
7. True Reference (BNC) – (Pilot Signal) – This signal should be connected to the
Recording System and used as the correlation operator for the Seismic Plots. This
signal will be in phase with the unfiltered accelerometer signal on the Vibrator
unit. The True Reference starts at “Time Break”, and can used when connecting
to Vibrator Quality Control System like the SSC Bird Dog II unit.
8. Wireline Reference (BNC) – This signal is a delayed True Reference Signal. It
is used when performing Wireline Similarities. The delay allows this signal to be
compared directly to the Vibrator Output signal on the Vibrator.
9. Radio Reference (BNC)- This signal is a delayed Wireline Reference signal.
The Delay is the same as the one way radio delay for modulating and
demodulating the radio Similarity Signal.

Force Two System 14

10. Radio Sim (BNC) – This signal is the selected Vibrator radio similarity signal
that has been transmitted back via radio from the Vibrator Decoder Unit.
Normally this signal is the Sim Ground Force Signal from the selected Vibrator.
11. Time Break Signal (BNC) – This signal occurs when the Sweep starts. It can be
used to trigger an oscilloscope or another recording system

Force Two System 15

 3 Pilot Installation

3.1 General Information

Mechanical:
The Force Two Universal Encoder should be mounted on a wall.

The location for the Universal Encoder is not critical, since all of the unit functionality is
controlled with a computer. Operator should have an access to the unit front panel in
order to reach Power switch. Most of the attention should be paid to the unit cable routing
in order to avoid cable damage during transportation and production work.

Electrical:
The Universal Encoder must be wired to the following devices:
- DC Voltage Supply (11-36 volts DC). Usually there is a DC bus under the
operator’s desk.
- VHF Radio
- Seismic Recording System.
- Windows Computer
- Chassis of Universal Encoder should be connected to a good Ground. This is
usually the same ground as used for the Radio

Force Two System 16

3.2 Connector Wiring

RECORDING SYSTEM Connector wiring: (25pin D-sub)

Note: All signals referenced to the Universal Encoder Unit.
• Pin 1 Start Active input signal. The signal is part of the circuit to start
sweep by Universal Encoder. Pins 1 and 2 are connected to the Recording system.
The recording system produces a pulse which will start the Universal Encoder. .
Jumpers on the Radio interface board can select if this signal is a pulse or a switch
closure
• Pin 14 Start Return input signal. The signal is part of the circuit to start
sweep by Universal Encoder.
• Pin 2, 5, 6,16, 20 DCOM or Digital Common signal.
• Pin 15 Time Break Active output signal. The signal is part of the circuit
to provide Time Break to recording system. Pin 15 produces a “Time Break”
pulse when the sweep begins. This signal is wired to the recording system to
initiate the Recording. Software Selection on the Radio/Communication board
can select if this signal is a pulse or a switch closure. The polarity of this signal is
software selectable, use the Source Control software to set the polarity and type.
• Pin 3 Time Break Return output signal. The signal is part of the circuit
to provide Time Break to recording system.
• Pin 4 Recorder Start signal Active. This signal is used to start the
recording system. This signal is a switch closure (Opto-Isolated Output)
• Pin 17 Recorder Start signal Return. This signal is part of the Recorder
Start circuit.
• Pin 12 +5 Volts DC. This pin can be used with an external 390 ohm
resistor in series to pull-up the Recorder Start signal.
• Pin 18 Reference Pulses – used in Boom Box mode – Not used –
Reference Pulse are available on the Radio Reference line
• Pin 19 Recording Truck Interface transmit signal. This signal is wired to
the RS232 Recording Truck interface on the recording system. The internal RTI
in the Universal Encoder has not been completed, do not wire this signal to
the Recorder. The Recording system interface can also be done with the Source
Control software program.
• Pin 7 Recording Truck Interface receive signal. This signal is wired to
the RS232 Recording Truck interface on the recording system. This signal should
be wired to both the Universal Encoder and the RTI com port on the computer
running the Source Control software program.

Radio Similarity. – (Radio similarity from Vibrator)

• Pin 22,23,24 ACOM or Analog Common signal. This signal is used as a
return for the Analog signals produced by pins 13 and 14
• Pin 8 True Reference output. The range is 10 volts peak-to-peak.

Force Two System 17

 • Pin 9 Radio Reference output. The range is 10 volts peak to peak. This
reference is used to compare with the radio vibrator signal. This signal is also
used for reference marks for the uphole data from the shooting system
• Pin 10 Radio Sim-Radio Vibrator output. The range is 10 volts peak to
peak. This signal will show the vibrator output when a radio similarity is
requested. This signal also shows the uphole data, and CTB data from the
shooting system
• Pin 11 Wireline Reference output. This is a delayed True Reference
signal to match the filtered SV (Similarity Vibrator) outputs of the Vibrator
Control units.

RADIO and Power Connector wiring (10 pin):

Note: All signals referenced to the Universal Encoder Unit.
• Pin 1 Battery + (DC input voltage 11 – 36 volts)
• Pin 3 Speaker Active input signal.
• Pin 4 Speaker Return input signal.
• Pin 6 Microphone output signal.
• Pin 5 PTT output signal.
• Pin 7 Radio Return signal.
• Pin 6-9 Not connected.
• Pin 10 Battery – ( Battery ground)

COMPUTER Connector wiring: Standard USB connector

See Appendix information about setting jumpers on the Radio interface module. These
jumpers are used to select voltage or switch closure signals on the recorder interface
lines.

Force Two System 18

3.3 Boom Box / Shot Pro Operation

The Universal Encoder is designed to operate with the following Dynamite

Synchronization Decoder units:

• Boom Box
• Shot Pro 1
• Shot Pro 2

Force Two System 19

3.3.1 Boom Box Operation

The Boom Box Decoder units are capable of receiving three different types of Start
Codes. (Boom Box, Advance II, and Advance III)

Boom Box Protocol

When using only Boom Box Decoders, it is recommended to use the Boom Box radio
protocol. Set the Boom Box decoders to BB ready message. With the Boom Box mode
selected, additional features are available with the UE system. These features include:
• Boom Box parameter Download and verification
• Enhanced Ready Message
• Last PFS message request

The UE can control both Vibrators and Dynamite units on the same crew. To align the
start times accurately with the Boom Box protocol, the speaker polarity in the Boom Box
decoders must be reversed from the Vibrator units.

The Source Control Program allows control of most of the Boom Box parameters.

BBview_UE program that can be used instead of the Source Control program.
MultiCom must be running on the computer before starting BBview_UE. This version of
BBview selects the USB port at 57.6 K baud. This program allows full control of the
Boom Box parameters.

Advance II protocol – Shot Pro/Boom Box SP mode

The Boom Box units will receive the Advance II start codes and transmit back the
Advance II PFS information.
TheUE will not receive the Advance II PFS format

Advance III protocol – Shot Pro/Boom Box VP mode

The Boom Box units will receive the Advance III start codes and transmit back the
Advance III (Vib Pro) PFS information. This is similar to the VP mode in the Shot Pro
Units.

The UE can control both Vibrators and Dynamite units on the same crew. To align the
start times accurately with the ShotPro/Boom Box VP mode protocol, the speaker
polarity in the Boom Box decoders must be the same as the Vibrator units.

Force Two System 20

3.3.2 Shot Pro Operation

The Shot Pro Decoder units are capable of three different types of Radio protocols.
(Boom Box, Advance II, and Advance III)

Advance II protocol

The Shot Pro units will receive the Advance II start codes and transmit back the Advance
II PFS information. The UE will not receive PFS information in this mode. Do Not Use.

Shot Pro Protocol - Shot Pro/Boom Box SP mode

Shot Pro protocol receives Advance II Start Codes and sends back Advance III PFS
information. With some radios, the Advance II start codes may be more reliable than the
Advance III start codes.

When using Advance II start codes the following convention applies:

Similarity Vibrator Number is used to Select Shot Pro Unit ID (Sim vib number =15
selects all units)

UE Sweep number is used to select Shot Pro crew number. These numbers must match
for the Decoder to fire. Suggest entering 15 for both

Advance III protocol - Shot Pro/Boom Box VP mode

The Shot Pro units will receive the Advance III start codes and transmit back the
Advance III (Vib Pro) PFS information. Set the Shot Pro to VP mode.

The UE can control both Vibrators and Dynamite units on the same crew. To align the
start times accurately with the Shot Pro/Boom Box SP mode protocol, the speaker
polarity in the Shot Pro decoders must be the same as the Vibrator units.

Force Two System 21

3.4.1 Advance II version 5 Decoders

The Universal Encoder will start the Advance II decoder units when the Advance II start
codes are selected.

The Keyboards Sweeps on the Advance II version 5 will not match the Universal
Encoder (UE) sweeps.

Must use Stored Values mode to match UE’s sweep generation. Suggest loading same
Stored Values sweep in Advance II and in FLASH mode in UE.

Advance II PSS data will not be received by the UE.

Start Time should be adjusted to align the True Reference of the Advance II with the
True Reference of the UE.

Because of the similarity filters used in Advance II version 5, the Radio Sims will show
phase error when sweeps are correct.

It is recommended to not use Advance II version 5 units with UE, unless for short job like
a VSP survey.

3.4.2 Advance II version 6 Decoders

The Universal Encoder will start the Advance II decoder units when the Advance II start
codes are selected.

The Keyboards Sweeps on the Advance II version 6 will match the Universal Encoder
(UE) sweeps. (note: Do not use the Db/Hz sweeps)

Advance II PSS data will not be received by the UE.

Start Time should be adjusted to align the True Reference of the Advance II with the
True Reference of the UE

Align zero Radio Reference Delay to adjust the Radio similarities.

Wirelines sweeps will not match UE system

Force Two System 22

3.4.3 Vib Pro Decoders

The Universal Encoder will start the Vib Pro decoder units when the Vib Pro start codes
are selected.

The Keyboards Sweeps on the Vib Pro unit will match the Universal Encoder (UE)
sweeps

Vib Pro PSS type 12 and type 15 data will be received by the UE.

Start Time should be adjusted to align the True Reference of the Advance II with the
True Reference of the UE

Wireline sweeps will match with the UE’s Wireline Reference Signal

Align zero Radio Reference Delay to adjust the Radio similarities

The Parameter load of the Vib Pro Decoder units can be done using the Universal
Encoder and the Pelton VPKOP program. A special “Com4all.dll” program provided by
Seismic Source is required. This special program allows the Pelton KOP program to
communicate via the USB port to the Universal Encoder.
• First run the “Source Control” Program
• Start the Pelton VPKOP program with the correct SSC “Com4all.dll”
• Source Control with Multicom must be running for the VPKOP program to run
correctly
• Load and store parameters to the Vib Pro Decoders via radio using the VPKOP
program

The sweep and operation parameters on the Vib Pro unit can also be entered via the Vib
Pro Decoder’s keyboard.

3.4.3.1 Vib Pro Radio Polarity

The Radio Polarity on the Vib Pro and Force Two units are not identical
Speaker Polarity = Same
Microphone Polarity = Reversed

Example: For Force Two crew set to Mic and Speaker ‘Normal Polarity”, The Vib Pro
unit must be set to Speaker Normal and Microphone Reversed for same operation.

Force Two System 23

3.5 Weight Drop Operation

The Universal Encoder is designed to operate with the Seismic Source Weight Drop
units.
The Sequence Table in the Source Control allows for selection of different source types.
Select “Weight Drop” as the source when using the Weight Drop unit.

Force Two System 24

3.6 Recording Truck Interface

The Universal Encoder is designed to operate with various Recording systems. An

advanced digital communication protocol is available with most of the new Recording
systems. The interface is referred to as RTI (Recording Truck Interface)

3.6.1 Standard Serial RTI

The UE receives the standard RTI messages from most recording systems at 19.2 K baud.
The Computer running source Control sends the PSS, GPS and PFS data from the source
control units to the Recording System. Because there are slight differences in the serial
messages with different recording systems, be sure to select the correct recording system
type on the UE and Source Control program.

Force Two System 25

3.6.2 Sercel RTI

The UE has a special RTI mode for the Sercel Recording System. The UE receives
Sequence # and Shot ID data serially from the Sercel Recording System at 9600 baud.
The UE also sends the GPS and PFS data from the source control units to the Recording
System serially at 9600 baud.

The Source Control program has a special Ethernet communication to the Sercel 428
recorder. This communication is used in Vibroseis mode.

Force Two System 26

 4 Source Control Program Operation

4.1 Program Information

The Source Control program provides full control of the Force Two system. The program
features following main screen of operation:

- Main Window-
o Sequence Selection
o Radio Similarity Selection
o Viewing of Sweep number to be used
o Viewing of Vibrator Group to be used
o Viewing of PSS data
o Viewing of Radio Similarities
- Load Window
o Sweep Table-
o Vibrator parameters
o Encoder Parameters.
o Sequence Parameters
o Display Last Sweep Used
- Status Window
o Request and print Vibrator Decoder Status information
o Request GPS position information
o Setting and Renaming Vibrator # and crew # - Note this function can
only be done in the Status menu

Force Two System 27

4.2 Main Window
The Main window allows the user to select or view the following
- the sequence number to be run
- select the vibrator to be used for similarities
- displays the Sweep number used for the selected sequence
- displays the vibrator group that is selected.
- Start the Pilot

The Recording Truck interface can be used to select the sequence numbers
automatically; in this case the main window is only used to view the sequence result
of the sweep that was initiated by the recording system.

Force Two System 28

4.2.1 Sequence Table Selection

Before starting a vibrator unit, weight drop unit, or firing dynamite it is necessary to
select what operation is to be performed. This setup is done in the Sequence Selection
Parameters.
Go to the Parameter – Sequence Table menu. Or just click on the Groups or Units in the
Main Window.

Each Sequence in the Sequence Table defines only one Encoder Start Command.

Force Two System 29

 For each sequence number the following must be setup:
1. Source Type
a. Boom Box – Select Boom Box mode when firing Boom Box units. This
selects Boom Box Start Codes
b. Force Two – Vib Pro Mode – Use this mode when firing Force Two
vibrator units, Vib Pro Vibrator units, Shot Pro dynamite Units. This
selects Vib Pro Start Codes
c. Force Two – Advance II Mode – This option selects the Advance II start
codes. This can be used to start the Force Two units, Shot Pro units,
Boom Box units in Advance II mode.
d. Weight Drop – Use this selection when operating with the Weight Drop
Unit – RTM style decoders
e. Shot Pro/Boom Box – VP mode - This selects Vib Pro type start codes
f. ShotPro/Boom Box –SP mode – This selects Advance II type start codes

2. Sweep Number – The sweep number defines which sweep will be used when
starting the vibrator group
3. Group – Selects which vibrator group will be started. The vibrator numbers must
first be selected in the correct group. The Id number of the decoder must be
enabled in the group for the decoder to start.
4. Start Code – Select the same start code as used in the Decoders. The Start code
number must match for the decoder units to start.
5. Crew Code – Select the same crew number as used in the Decoders. The Crew
code must match for the decoder units to start.

Force Two System 30

4.2.2 Vibrator Groups

The Vibrator groups must be selected before the decoders will start. The Vibrator
Groups are selected in the Sequence Table menu.

Go to the Parameter – Sequence Table menu. to setup the Vibrator Groups

To enable a decoder in a specific group, simply check the Decoder unit number under the
Group letter. The above example shows Decoder units 1, 2 and 3 in Group A.

When starting vibrator units, Low Force can be selected by checking the Low Force box
at the bottom of each group.

Force Two System 31

4.2.3 Main Start Window:

The main start window shows the following:

1. Sequence # Selected
2. Sweep # Selected by the Sequence Table
information
3. Source Type: Force Two, Boom Box, etc..
4. Crew #
5. Start Code #
6. Vibrator Group information. To edit group
information click on Groups and the edit Vibrator
Group Window will appear.
7. Force Level setting. To edit Force Level
selection, click on groups or units and the edit
Vibrator Groups window will appear..
8. Vibrator Number for Similarity- Select the
vibrator number to perform a vibrator similarity.
9. Press Show Sims to open Similarity Window to
load stored similarity record from file.
10. HDW is hold down weight. This entry is used to
scale the Force output plots of the similarities.
Enter the correct HDW (Hold Down Weight)
entry in this field before acquiring similarity.

After setting up and selecting the correct sequence table

Press the “Start” button to manually start the sweep.

Force Two System 32

4.2.4 Start Sequence Selection

To Start a sweep first select the Sequence Table to be used.

For many jobs, a single sequence number can be assigned and used for the entire job.

Sequence RTI selection allows the Recording Truck Interface serial port to control which
sequence to run. Select “Sequence RTI” to enable the RTI function.

When “Sequence Auto” is not currently implemented.

A single Sequence can also be selected. The start parameters in this sequence will be
used until a new sequence is manually selected.

Force Two System 33

4.2.5 PSS Data

After each sweep, the Vibrator Decoder units send back quality control data to the
Encoder. This quality control data is called PSS. The PSS data includes the following
from the control system:
• Peak and average Phase Error
• Peak and average Force output
• Average distortion
• GPS position
In addition, cross correlation wavelet from the similarity system is sent back from each
decoder.

The data from all active vibrators are overlaid on the graphs. To change a graph scale,
right click inside of the graph select axis and enter upper and lower limits.

Force Two System 34

4.2.5.1 PSS Graph Error Limits

Right clicking the bar graphs or going to the PSS-Options menu will bring up the PSS
Bar Graph Setup. This menu is used to setup the scaling of the bar graphs and the error
limits.

An error will be shown if one of the following occurs:

• Actual Phase error exceeds the set Limit
• Actual Force Output is less than the set Limit
• Actual Harmonic Distortion is more than the set limit

Force Two System 35

4.2.5.2 PSS Limits and Error window

The Source Control Program can display errors and limits seen by the Force Two
Decoder unit.

For the limits reached and phase and force errors a Limits window is displayed. For each
limit that is reached, a blue mark is shown in the square.

Each Decoder unit sets these Limits;

TM = Torque Motor Current Reached

MD = Reaction Mass Displacement Reached
VD= Valve Displacement Limit reached
PF = Peak Force Limit reached
RM – Reaction Mass Force Reached
AP = Average Phase Error Reached – average phase error exceeded limit set in the
Decoder
MP = Maximum Phase Error Reached – average phase exceeded limit set in the Decoder
AF= Average Force level not reached – Average Force did not reach entry in the Decoder
Limit entries.
MF= Maximum Force Level not reached - Maximum Force did not reach entry in the
Decoder Limit entries.
AD = average Distortion level exceeded - average distortion exceeded limit set in the
Decoder
MD = Maximum distortion Level exceeded – Maximum distortion exceeded limit set in
the Decoder

See figure below shows Limits reached for TM, VD, AF, MF, AD.

Force Two System 36

4.2.5.3 Accelerometer Errors and Voltage Errors

The Source Control Program will display voltage and accelerometer errors detected by
the Decoder units.

Every Sweep the Decoder units compare the phase and amplitude of the Loop and Sim
Accelerometers. If the unit detects more than 10 degrees difference in phase or a 10 %
difference in amplitude an error message is shown.

Do a radio similarity to verify the problem. If the radio similarity using the sim
accelerometers is good, then everything is OK, and the accelerometer error is probably
occurring during the tapers and should be ignored.

Sometimes the ground condition or sweep can cause this error, and the accelerometers are
OK.

The Decoder units also monitor voltage readings; if any of the voltages go out of range an
error message will appear.

Force Two System 37

4.2.5.4 Creating and Saving PSS data

All PSS data is automatically saved to a file.

New PSS Files can be created by selecting New Project in the File Menu selections.

The ability to open Projects or view recent projects can also be selected in this menu.

After selecting New Project, a window appears which allows the user to select the name
and path of the new project.

It is recommended to create a new PSS file at the start of each day or each new project.

Opening PSS records

When program first starts, it automatically opens the last used project. To Open
previously recorded data, select the File menu – Open Project or Recent Project to select
the stored PSS file to be opened.

Force Two System 38

4.2.5.5 Viewing Saved PSS data

The saved PSS data can be viewed using the Source Control Program.

Press the “PSS Window Button” and a PSS explorer menu appears.

The “PSS Tool Bar” allows to do the following operations

• Go to the First Record
• Go back One Record
• Go Forward One Record
• Go to Last Record
• Go to specific Encoder Index
• Mark a Record as a “Bookmark”
• Go to “Bookmarked” record

Force Two System 39

Clicking on Encoder Index will display the data from the current index number

Force Two System 40

4.2.6 PSS report

Go to the PSS – PSS Report menu to enter the PSS Report Menu.

The PSS records will be shown. The records will automatically be sorted by source type
• Vibrator Records
• Blaster Records
• Weight Drop Records

Force Two System 41

4.2.6.1 Options – Column Settings
Options – Column Settings menu is used to select the data to be shown and exported to a
file. The order of the columns can be moved with the First, Up, Down, and Last buttons.
The order of the columns can also be moved by Left clicking and dragging the column in
the PSS records menu

4.2.6.2 Options – Reset Columns

Options – Reset Columns is used to reset the columns settings to the default parameters.

Force Two System 42

4.2.6.3 PSS Export

Go the File – PSS export menu to export the data to a *.CSV file

The columns selected will be exported to the file name selected.

Microsoft Excel can be used to analyze the exported data file

Force Two System 43

4.2.7 Radio Similarities

To enable Radio Similarities select the Vibrator number for the Radio Similarities.

Enter the correct HDW entry (Hold Down Weight) .

The similarity window will automatically open when similarity is selected and the sweep
starts.

To load stored similarity data from a file, first press the “Show Sims” button to view the
similarity window then open the file menu and load the stored similarity data.

Right click inside of graph selects pop-up menu. The menu options provide several
options for different graphs, as well as scale limits for each graph.

An example of similarity screen is shown below.

Right clicking on the graph brings up the “Graph Menu”

Axis selection allows changing the X and Y axis scaling

Force Two System 44

4.2.7.1 Radio Similarity Analysis

Each Graph can have a different view of the similarity signal.

Use Window – New Plot to open a new graph and select one of the many options:

1. Signal traces shows the signals in the Time Domain

2. Spectrum shows the signals in the Frequency domain
3. Correlation in the time domain; and phase and amplitude in the frequency
domain.
4. Vib Analysis Plots for :
1. Phase comparison plot
2. Fundamental Force
3. Peak Force
4. Time vs. Frequency

Force Two System 45

 These selections are available in the plot popup menu. On any plot press the right mouse
button to bring up the plot menu.

Figure 4.2.7.2 Plot Popup Menu

Axis allows changing of the x and y axis of the plot.

Full view or ctrl +F zooms out completely to show all of plot.

Show Legend –enables and disables the text legend at the bottom of the plot.

Force Two System 46

4.2.7.2 Similarity Overlays - Store Plot Menu

Store Plot – allows the current plot to be saved to memory and viewed later as an overlay
to another signal. The first trace in a plot will be stored. The color and name of each
stored plot can be changed in the Store Plot Menu. The stored plot data can be saved and
later loaded from disk with the Save and Load buttons in the Save Plot menu. The store
plot menu is used to compare data using the same sample rate. Data acquired using
different sample rates will not be displayed correctly.

Figure 4.2.7.2 Store Plot Menu

View Stored – used to change settings of overlaid plots and to save or retrieve data from
file.

Force Two System 47

4.2.7.3 Loading and Saving Similarity Data

To Save and Load Similarity data select the File Menu- in the similarity Window. This
allows the similarity data to stored to disk or loaded from disk for later analysis.

Press the “Show Sims” button to view the similarity window

Force Two System 48

4.3 Load Menu

The Load Menu allows to setup the vibrator and encoder electronics. The following
load menus are available:
• Sweep Table – Load, save, and compare the sweep parameters of the Vibrator
and Encoder units
• Vibrator Parameters – Load, save and compare the Vibrator control parameters
• Encoder Parameters – Load, save and compare the Encoder parameters.
• Boom Box/RTM Parameters – Load, save and compare Boom Box or RTM
parameters
• Sequence Table – Load, save and compare the Sequence Table parameters. See
Section 4.2.1 Sequence Table. Sequence Table Parameters include:
o Vibrator Group Selection and control
o Sweep number selection
o Source Type – Vibrator, Dynamite, or Weight Drop
o Start code

Each Load Menu allows the user to:

• Edit Entries
• Save Entries to file
• Compare Entries
• Send Entries via radio or direct connection
• Receive Entries via radio or direct connection

The Vibrator Electronics Require that the following important entries be manually
entered (See Loading Vibrator Parameter section of manual):
• Valve Feedback
• Mass Feedback
• Mass Position (Mass Offset)

Force Two System 49

4.3.1 Sweep Table

16 different sweeps can be defined in the standard sweep library. Each sweep parameter
range limit is displayed when it is active (being selected) just below the table of sweeps.

There are six sweep types defined: Linear, Pulse, T-Power, Pause, dB/Oct and dB/Hz.
For each sweep type a constant value can be entered. For example: to enter a 5-120 Hz 6
second 3 dB/Octave sweep. Select Sweep Type = Db/oct and Constant = 3.00.

After defining the sweeps, the following actions can be performed

1. Send sweeps to Encoder and Vibrator Electronics
2. Receive sweep table form Encoder or Vibrator Electronics
3. Compare Sweeps from Encoder or Vibrator Electronics
4. Save or Open Sweep table to file

Force Two System 50

4.3.1.1 Flash Sweeps – Stored Sweeps

Special Custom sweeps can be designed and stored on Compact Flash Cards.

These Compact Flash Cards can be programmed using a PC computer and the “Flash
Sweep” software program.

The programmed Compact Flash Cards are inserted into the DSP cards in each of the
Vibrator Electronics and the Universal Encoder.

Select Sweep Type “Flash” to select the Flash sweeps.

The “constant” entry determines which Sweep number stored on the compact flash will
be used

Force Two System 51

Start the Flash Sweep Program

The Flash Sweep program has two modes of operation

• Normal – Allows entry of a single segment

• Advanced – Allows entry of multiple segment sweeps

The Flash Sweep program can read the *.sv file designed for the Pelton Advance II
vibrator electronics

Force Two System 52

After designing the sweep and verifying the design with the multiple plot options, the
sweep should be stored to the Flash Card.

Insert the Flash Card into the computer. Press the Program button on the screen and select
the Flash Card to be programmed.

Select OK

Then Select the Sweep number to program into the Flash Card, and the comment for the
Sweep Design

Force Two System 53

Other sweeps can be programmed on the card.

After programming all of the sweeps remove the Flash card from the computer and install
in the DSP card in each of the Force Two Decoders and the Universal Encoder.

Force Two System 54

4.3.1.2 Linked Sweeps

Sweep numbers 17 through 32 are reserved for the special “Linked Sweeps”.

The 16 defined sweeps in sweep number 1 through 16 can be used to define a complex
multi- sweep combination using the Linked Sweep mode.

Different sweep numbers with different starting phases can be entered in the Linked
Sweep definition

Sweep 17 shown below, has an entry of 1,2,3,4. This will run a 4 sweep linked sweep,
first sweep is sweep 1, then sweep 2, then sweep 3, then sweep 4. All sweeps will have 0
starting phase.

Sweep 18 shown below, has an entry of 1:0,1:90,1:180,1:270. This will run a 4 sweep
linked sweep, the first sweep will be sweep 1 with 0 degrees starting phase, the second
segment will be sweep 1 with 90 degrees starting phase, the third segment will be sweep
1 with 180 degrees starting phase, the fourth segment will be sweep 1 with 270 degrees
starting phase.

Force Two System 55

4.3.2 Vibrator Parameters
The Vibrator Parameters edit dialog divides parameters into six groups: Vibrator
Characteristics, Controls, Servo, Radio, Advanced and Limits & Errors.

All the Vibrators Parameters groups are sent or received with a single request.

The Critical Parameters in the Radio parameter group will only be received by the
Vibrator Decoder units if the Vibrator and crew numbers match in the:
Critical parameters
Send to units
Vibrator Decoder ID entry.

The Vibrator Parameters can be saved or loaded from a file completely independently
from the Sweep Parameters.

Force Two System 56

4.3.2.1 Vibrator Characteristics

The first vibrator characteristics parameters editor window is shown below.

All weight parameters can be entered in pounds or in kg. All weights must entered
in the same units.

Accelerometer sensitivity, mV/g- Sensitivity of system accelerometers in millivolts per

g of acceleration. Allowable range is 1 to 99.9 mV/g. Seismic Source accelerometers are
25 mV/g.

HD Weight - Hold Down Weight, - Force of static hold down on the base plate in
thousand pounds or kilograms Allowable range in Vibrator entry is 0 to 99.9. Allowable
Range in Source Control Program is 0 to 655000.

BP Weight, - Base plate weight in pounds or kilograms. Allowable range in Vibrator

entry is 0 to 9.99. Allowable Range in Source Control Program is 0 to 65500.

RMass Weight, - Reaction mass weight in pounds or kilograms. Allowable range in

Vibrator entry is 0 to 9.99. Allowable Range in Source Control Program is 0 to 65500.

Force Two System 57

4.3.2.2 Phase Controls
The vibrator control loop setup window is shown below. Please refer to the Force Two
Vibroseis Control manual for more detailed description.

Phase Loop Gain- Sets sensitivity of phase correction system. Allowable range is 0 to
99%, where 0 is system disabled and 99 is maximum sensitivity.
Normal entry is 80

Phase control Signal- Selects signal to be phase controlled-

0- earth force (Ground Force (GF))
1- base plate acceleration
2- reaction mass acceleration
3- reference signal
Normal Entry is 0

Similarity Signal- Selects signal to be transmitted to Universal Encoder-

0- Sim GF - Uses Similarity accelerometers to compute Ground Force)
1- Sim BP - Uses Similarity Base Plate accelerometers
2- Sim RM - Uses Similarity Reaction Mass accelerometers
3- Reference signal
4- Loop GF - Uses Loop accelerometers to compute Ground Force)
5- Loop BP - Uses Loop Base Plate accelerometers
6- Loop RM - Uses Loop Reaction Mass accelerometers

Normal entry is 0

Force Two System 58

4.3.2.3 Force Controls
The vibrator control loop setup window is shown below. Please refer to the Force Two
Vibroseis Control manual for more detailed description.

Force Loop Gain- Sets sensitivity of force control system. Allowable values are 1 to
100%. Enter 0% to disable the force control system.
Normal entry =80

Nominal Force Output- Sets High Force target value of fundamental vibrator force,
expressed as a percentage of Hold Down Weight.
Normal entry = 070

Low Force Out- Sets Low Force target value of fundamental vibrator force, expressed as
a percentage of Hold Down Weight.
Normal entry =040

Force Two System 59

4.3.2.4 Lift System Parameters

The vibrator servo system parameters setup dialog is shown below.

Pad Up Count parameter sets up number of sweeps count before the Base Plate is
automatically raised.

Pad Up Delay sets the time delay for the Base Plate to go up after the last sweep.

Force Two System 60

4.3.2.5 Vibrator Limits and Error Parameters
The Limits setup parameters used by the vibrator electronics control loop and have direct
impact on the vibrator performance.
Enabling the display does not affect vibrator performance, but determine if an error
message occurs on the Vibrator Decoders display.
This entry will also determine if the “Limits” display in the Source Control program will
display the limit reached.
If the limit check box is shown, then the value will be used has a Limit control
If the parameter is checked as Display, then it will be shown on the LCD display of the
Force Two instrument.

Peak Torque Motor Current Limit – The Peak Torque Motor current must be limited
to 40 milliamps peak to prevent damage to the Torque Motor. The Hardware in the Force
Two provides this limit. In addition, the software can reduce this limit. When this limit
is enabled, the Force Control circuit will reduce the drive level to prevent from exceeding
the entered limit. If the Display is enabled, the Display will show a “T” after the “L”
limit. Typical entry = 40

Valve Displacement Limit – The Valve Displacement Limit can be set to prevent
overdriving the Main stage valve. When this limit is enabled, the Force Control circuit
will reduce the drive level to prevent from exceeding the entered limit. If the Display is
enabled, the Display will show a “V” after the “L” limit. Typical entry is 80%

Force Two System 61

Mass Displacement Limit – The Mass Displacement Limit can be set to prevent
overdriving the Reaction Mass. This is usually only important when doing a very low
frequency sweep. When this limit is enabled, the Force Control circuit will reduce the
drive level to prevent from exceeding the entered limit. If the Display is enabled, the
Display will show a “M” after the “L” limit. Typical entry is 80%

Peak Force Control Limit – The Peak Force Control Limit can be set to prevent
overdriving the Ground Force Signal. Normally the “Peak Force” should not exceed the
“Hold Down Weight” of the vibrator. When this occurs, decoupling of the vibrator
occurs and increased distortion into the ground. When this limit is enabled, the Force
Control circuit will reduce the drive level to prevent from exceeding the entered limit. If
the Display is enabled, the Display will show a “F” after the “L” limit. Typical entry is
90%

NOTE: Sometimes it is required by the client to control to Peak Force and not
Fundamental Force. To enable “Peak Force” Control, set the “Nominal Force Output”
to 99% (maximum setting). Then set the Peak Force Control Limit to your desired set
point. Typically 90%

Reaction Mass Force Control Limit – The Reaction Mass Force Control Limit can be
set to prevent overdriving the Vibrator. When this limit is enabled, the Force Control
circuit will reduce the drive level to prevent from exceeding the entered limit. The
Reaction Mass Force is proportional to the hydraulic output of the vibrator. Example, a
40,000 lb peak force vibrator will have a peak Reaction Mass Force of about 40,000 lbs.
In some cases, the Ground Force signal may be small when the vibrator’s Reaction Mass
Force is very large. To prevent overdriving the vibrator this limit can be used. If the
Display is enabled, the Display will show a “V” after the “L” limit. Typical entry is 99%

Maximum Phase Error – This entry is used to set the maximum allowable peak phase
error before an error indication occurs. Typical entry =30

Average Phase Error – This entry is used to set the maximum allowable average phase
error before an error indication occurs. Typical entry =5

Maximum Fundamental Force Error – This entry is used to set the minimum
allowable Fundamental Force before an error indication occurs. Typical entry =10% less
than target ( 70 %)

Maximum Average Fundamental Force Error – This entry is used to set the minimum
allowable Average Fundamental Force before an error indication occurs. Typical entry
=30% less than target ( 50 %)

Maximum Distortion – This entry is used to set the maximum allowable Distortion %
before an error indication occurs. Typical entry =70

Force Two System 62

Maximum Average Distortion – This entry is used to set the maximum allowable
average Distortion % before an error indication occurs. Typical entry =40

Distortion Frequency Limit – This entry is used to determine the Distortion percentage.
This entry sets the high frequency limit for the distortion calculations. All frequencies
greater than this entry are ignored for the % Distortion computations. Typical entry is
200 Hz for 2 msec sample rate recording.

Force Two System 63

4.3.2.6 Vibrator Radio Parameters
The Radio setup dialog includes parameters shown below.

To change these parameters, the “Enable Critical Parameter” box must be checked.

To Change Vibrator Settings, both the Vibrator number in the box on the right and
the left must have the same vibrator number enabled. These settings can only be
changed one vibrator number at a time.

Decoder Delay this values will delay the start of the decoder unit. This value should
only be used by advanced users, it allows to adjust the start delay when different radio
types are used. This value should normally be set at 0.00.

Speaker Polarity – This selection allows the speaker circuit to be reversed. This is used
when setting up the radio interface. All speaker polarities on a crew should be set the
same. This setting in the Vibrator will affect the start time.

Microphone Polarity -This selection allows the microphone circuit to be reversed. This
is used when setting up the radio interface. All microphone polarities on a crew should
be set the same. This setting in the Encoder will affect the start time.

PSS Type- Selects PSS type 12 or 15. PSS type 15 is required when using the VSS
(Vibrator Signature system). All units must have same PSS type for proper operation

Force Two System 64

4.3.2.7 Advanced Parameters

The Advanced parameters setup dialog is shown below.

Initial Advance value defines timing constant for the vibrator control to compensate for
the vibrator servo system delay. Normal entry is 10 msec

Test Parameters (View Only). After Downloading the parameters from a vibrator, the
Test Parameters show the values of the Advanced entries in the Vibrator. These values
can only be changed via the keyboard entry in the vibrator.

Force Two System 65

4.4 Encoder Parameters

The Encoder Parameters setup the Recording Truck and Radio Interface. These
parameters are usually setup only once and should not be changed.

To change these parameters, the “Enable Critical Parameter” box must be checked.

Force Two System 66

Zero Time Adjust is used to adjust vibrator start time to match Universal Encoder start
time. This entry is used to compensate for the radio delay. Typical value is 1700
microseconds.

Start Delay sets the time between when the “Pilot Start” signal is received from the
Recording system and the “Time Break” is issued. Normally set to the minimum =1.00

Similarity Delay, This entry controls the delay of the Radio Reference signal in the
Universal Encoder. This entry is used to compensate for the radio delay when doing the
radio similarities. Typical value is 3000 microseconds. See Start Time Setup section of
manual for more information.

The Following Entries must be set to match the Recording System Interface.

• Recorder Type, This entry selects the Recording Truck interface protocol to be
used. This selection sets up the data protocol that is transmitted over the serial
port to the recording system.

• Remote Fire, This entry sets up the polarity of the signal which starts the
Encoder.

• Recorder Start, this entry sets up the polarity of the signal which starts the
recorder from the Encoder. This signal is normally used in Weight Drop Mode
and in Master/Slave operation.

• Time Break Active, This entry sets up the polarity of the Time Break signal from
the Encoder to the Recording system.

• Time Break Type, This entry sets up the Time Break signal interface. Isolated or
non-isolated interface can be selected.

The following entries setup the Radio Interface

• Source Type Entry in the Sequence Table Selection control the Radio Mode
used by the Communication/Radio board

• Speaker Polarity, this entry allows reversal of speaker polarity to optimize radio
communication

• Microphone Polarity, this entry allows reversal of the microphone polarity to

optimize radio communication

Force Two System 67

4.5 Force Two Status Panel

To check the status of the Force Two vibrator instruments, Accelerometer Bias voltages,
Performance during the last sweep and to see results of calibration, the Status dialog
should be used to request this information from the particular vibrator.

Results from Multiple Vibrators can be shown

The example of the Status request response from vibrator is shown below:

Force Two System 68

4.6 Boom Box Parameters

The Source Control Program can control the Boom Box Decoder Parameters. The Boom
Box parameter load via the radio only works if the Boom Box mode is selected in the
Sequence Table.

Force Two System 69

4.5.1 Vibrator Number and Crew Number Setup

Each Decoder uses the Vibrator Number , Crew Number and Start Code (0,1,2,3) to
provide a unique identity for each unit.

The Vibrators are numbered 1 through 16.

The Crew Number is numbered 0 through 250

Force Two System 70

 5 Start Time Setup

The Force Two System typically uses a voice radio link to communicate from the
Encoder unit in the Recording Truck to the Decoder Units in the Vibroseis Trucks. The
Start time between the Encoder and the Decoder units is very precise and repeatable.
However different voice radios require different delay entries to fine-tune this
synchronization.

There are three entries used to adjust the system for the radio delay.

1. Zero Time Delay - The zero time delay entry is set at the Encoder to
compensate for the Start Codes one way radio delay. This entry is used to align
the start of the Decoder and the Encoder. Normally True Reference from the
Encoder and the Decoders are compared, and the Zero Time Delay is adjusted so
that there is zero phase error between the two References. Typical value for this
entry is 1700 microseconds..
2. Similarity Delay - The Similarity Delay is used to delay the radio reference in
the Encoder to match the delay of the Radio similarity. The Similarity Delay
Entry is only used by the Encoder unit. Typical value for this entry is 3000
microseconds.
3. Decoder Delay – This entry allows each Decoder unit to have its own delay.
This entry is for advanced users. (Vibrator Parameter – Radio) Typical value for
this entry is 000.

5.1 Set up procedure

First set Zero Time Delay then set up Similarity Delay

5.2 Setting Zero Time Delay

Zero Time Delay must be entered into the Universal Encoder

There are multiple ways to set Zero Time Delay. Any of the following methods can be
used. An oscilloscope or a vibrator QC system like the BirdDog II should be used to
view the signals.

• True Reference comparison – The True Reference from the Encoder and the
True Reference from the Decoder must be compared. Start the sweep via radio
(Press the Start button on the front of the Encoder). Adjust “Zero Time Delay
Entry” until the two signals have a zero phase error.

Force Two System 71

 • Time Break – Compare the Time Break from the Encoder and the Decoder units.
Start the sweep via the standard radio link. Adjust the two signals so that two
Time Break signals occur at the same time.

• Wireline Reference – The Wireline Reference Signals from the Vibrator and
Encoder can also be used to adjust the “Zero Time Delay Entry”. The Wireline
Reference signal is a delayed True Reference signal. The Wireline Reference
signal have been delayed exactly 1.7 msec from the True Reference Signals. The
Wireline reference signal is used to compare to the SV (Similarity Vibrator)
signal from the Vibrator.

5.3 Setting Similarity Delay

After Setting Zero Time Delay in the Encoder, the similarity delay in the Encoder unit
can be set.

Select Reference for the similarity signal.

Perform a radio similarity. Adjust Similarity delay in the Encoder to obtain a 0 degree
error.

After setting Similarity delay, set the similarity signal to the same signal used for
controlling the vibrator. This is normally the “Sim Ground Force” Signal.

Force Two System 72

 6.0 Master Slave

Master/Slave operation of the Force Two system can be enabled by adding a RTM
(Radio Trigger Module) to the Master UE system. The RTM unit receives the “master”
start signal and transmits a Master Start code. The Slave UE units receive the “master”
start code information from the RTM units and verifies that the “crew number code”
matches. All of the recording systems can be synchronized using “delay entries” in the
RTM and UE units.

Force Two System 73

6.1 RTM setup

The RTM module must be setup in “Weight Drop Encoder Mode (13H)”. The Ready
message needs to be set for “Vib Pro ready” message.

Input 2 is used to start the RTM. This can either be connected to a switch to initiate the
sequence or it may be connected to the Master Recording System to start the sequence.

Output 2 is used to start the Master Recording System and/or the Universal Encoder.
This signal is activated after the “Master Codes” have been sent. This signal can be
adjusted using the “Radio Start Delay” entry.

Force Two System 74

The RTM/UE master slave mode requires the following:

RTM:
WD Encoder Mode (13h)
Ready Message type – VP
Crew ID must match UE Crew ID to work.
Radio Start Delay synchronizes the Pre-Start lines from the RTM (Output 2, 11&12) and
UE.
Start with Input 2, 6&7.
Firmware 22b or later.

UE:
Force Two Encoder Mode (Vibrator Encoder)
UE receives special “Master Start Code” message and toggles Recorder Start Line.
Radio Modem Firmware 2.9a or later.

Force Two System 75

7 Decoder System - Force Two Vibroseis Control System

Force Two System 76

 8. Decoder Description of System Controls

READY key- Pressing this key causes a tone signal to be transmitted over the radio
link to the Universal Encoder, indicating that the vibrator is ready to receive a sweep
start command.

SWEEP key- Calls up a menu for displaying and editing sweep parameters.

SERVO key- Calls up a menu for displaying and editing vibrator parameters.

START key- Starts sweep manually. In parameter display and editing modes, moves
display cursor to the right.

STOP key- Stops a sweep in progress. In parameter display and editing modes,
moves display back one field. Also used to exit menus

ENTER key- Used to access menus and load parameters.

NUMERICAL (0-9) keys- Used to enter parameter values.

DOWN key- Lowers the base plate to the ground and applies hold down weight to
airbags.

UP key- Raises the base plate off the ground.

HALF UP key- Alternately turns HALF UP light ON and OFF.

• When ON, base plate raises partway, to a position determined by the
physical location of a switch in the lift cable.
• When OFF, raises the base plate fully to the limit of travel of the lift
cylinders.

Force Two System 77

AUTO key- Alternately turns AUTO light ON and OFF.
• When ON, automatically raises the base plate after the number of
sweeps determined by the setting of the PAD UPCOUNT parameter.
• When OFF, the base plate remains down until the UP key is pressed.

EMERGENCY STOP key- Stops sweeps and lowers Reaction Mass to bottom.
Use this button before pressuring down the vibrator.

POWER switch- Switches unit power on and off.

• Switch OFF before starting vibrator engine.
• Switch ON before pressuring up.
• Do not switch OFF during normal operation.
• May be switched OFF in emergency situation, such as loss of servo
valve feedback.
• Do not turn power switch ON with the vibrator pressured up.

Force Two System 78

Interface Connectors – See appendix for pin out information

9 Pin Female D-sub Connector- GPS connector connects to optional GPS receiver
or Vibrator Signature Recorder

9 Pin Male D-Sub Connector- Computer Connector. Located next to the 15 pin
Test connector. Connects to portable PC to load parameters directly to the unit. Some
of the older Force Two units do not have the serial connection on the side, on these
units the GPS connector can be used.

15 Pin Connector- Connects to external testing device, such as BirdDog II unit

running the Vscope software.

41 Pin Connector - Connect to Connector Panel Cable for power, lift, servo valve,
mass LVDT, and accelerometers.

6 Amp Fuse- Replace only with 6 amp fuse.

Force Two System 79

 9 Decoder Operation

Insure that the vibrator hydraulic engine is operating, electrical power is being supplied
to Vibrator Control Unit, and hydraulic pressure is normal. The vibrator should be
“Pressured Down” when turning the vibrator electronics on.

The vibrator should only be pressured up when the Force Two vibrator electronics
shows the “Pressure Up, BP down” message.

All Parameters must be correctly entered into the electronics before pressuring
up the vibrator. With new electronics, be sure to go to edit mode first to load all
parameters. Most parameters can be loaded via the Source Control Program on the
external PC, but the following parameters must be entered via the keyboard.
• Valve Feedback – set to 000
• Mass Feedback – set to 000
• Mass Position – set to 050
• Start Sweep Number

1) Switch POWER switch ON. The initial messages show the status and version
number of the firmware installed in the electronics. The status should show 0000
for each message.
a. “Force Two Ver X.XX” message shows the status and version number of
the System Control Card.
b. DSP message shows status and version number of DSP card. Note: It is
very important that the DSP message is shown. If not power down,
wait 10 seconds, and turn the instruments back on.
c. Acc message shows status and version number of ACC card
d. Radio Modem message shows status and version number of Radio Modem
Card
2) After the initial tests and messages are shown, the following message is displayed
Operate >Start Cal>7
Test Setup>Stop GPS>2

Press Start or 8 – For Normal Operation

Press 7 – To Calibrate Force Two instruments
Press Stop – for Setup – loading parameters, Zero Time etc..

Setup. Sometimes there is a requirement to perform tasks without the vibrator

being pressured up. The following task can be performed without pressuring up
the vibrator.

a) Press Stop to run Zero Time Tests with Vibrator Pressured Down.
Pressing Stop allows the system to go the Main Operating Display without

Force Two System 80

 pressuring up the vibrator. Radio Loads, Keyboard entry and Start Time
tests can be preformed when the Normal Operating Display is shown.
b) Press Stop – to Radio load Parameters
1) To load parameters by radio link, press Stop.
2) In this mode sweep parameters and vibrator parameters may be
loaded by radio link from the computer connected to the Universal
Encoder.
3) Vibrator status may be transmitted to the computer.
c) Press Stop – to Edit Parameters - To load parameters manually, press
key Stop. Do not load parameters unless vibrator is pressured down
d) Press 2 – to check GPS operation. To view GPS data, press 2. To exit
GPS menu press “3”

To calibrate the Vibrator Control Unit to the characteristics of its vibrator, press key
7. Follow the instructions displayed during calibration.

Calibration should be performed if

a) New installation
b) When any vibrator hydraulic component has been changed
a. Mass LVDT
b. Valve LVDT
c. Torque Motor
d. Servo Valve
e. Accelerometer
f. External Cable
g. Connector Panel
h. Etc.
c) To perform a complete test of the vibrator’s operation. Calibration
performs test that can isolate problems with the vibrator’s operation.

Force Two System 81

9.1 Normal Operation
To enter the normal operation mode, press key Start or 8. Do not enter normal
operation mode unless parameters have been entered and calibration has been
done at least once on this vibrator. Calibration is only required when new
vibrator electronics are installed or vibrator hydraulic components have been
replaced.

When the “Start” key is pressed for Normal operation. The following messages will
appear.
1) Servo Card status and version message. Shows firmware version of Servo
Card. Status message should show 0000 for no errors.
2) Power Supply Voltages. All major power supplies are checked and the
voltages errors are displayed.
3) Servo Amplifiers are checked
4) LVDT’s are checked and voltages errors displayed.

Before Pressuring up the vibrator, the Lift position must be checked.

a) Press HALF UP key until HALF UP light is off.

b) Observe position of base plate. If base plate is down, press DOWN key.
If base plate is UP, press UP key.

Force Two System 82

After the initial messages and voltage checks are performed. The following is
displayed.

Pressure Up, BP Down

Done ? Press Start.

Insure that all personnel are well clear of the vibrator, before pressuring up the
vibrator and moving the baseplate.

It is now safe to pressure up the vibrator

1) Pressure Up the vibrator.
2) If Baseplate is up, then open the stiff legs and move the baseplate
down.

After the vibrator is pressured up and the baseplate is down, then Press “Start” on the
control panel.

The Vibrator’s Reaction Mass should center and the normal operating display will be
shown.

If the electronics is unable to center the Reaction Mass, then the display will not
appear and calibration must be run to correct the problem.

Force Two System 83

9.2 Normal Operating Display

Display should show: Vib aa Crew bb Swp cc

GCnt=ZZZZZZ LCnt=VV

aa- is the Vibrator number

bb- is the Crew number

cc- is the number of the previous sweep. There is a library of 16 sweeps for each
sweep type. Sweep number indicates which library sweep was used.

ZZZZZZ is the total sweep counter. It shows the total number of sweeps generated
since it was last reset.

VV is a sweep counter which resets each time the base plate is automatically raised.

Force Two System 84

9.3 Start Sweep
To start a sweep manually, press the START key.

Display should show: Ph-###0### + D-########

F-########## L ab-cd-ef

1) During a sweep, the track to the right of Ph- shows instantaneous phase
error, with negative error to the left of 0 and positive error to the right of 0.
Each bar represents 1 degree of phase error.
2) The track to the right of D- shows instantaneous total harmonic distortion.
Each bar represents 5 % distortion.
3) The track to the right of F- shows instantaneous fundamental earth force
amplitude. Each bar represents 10% of hold down weight.
4) The numbers to the right of L show whether or not limits have been exceeded
at any point during the sweep. If X is 0, the corresponding limit has not been
exceeded. If X is 1, the corresponding limit has been exceeded.
5) L for Limits reached, shows if the following Force Control Limits have been
reached
a. Torque Motor Current – “T” will be displayed
b. Valve Displacement Limit – “V” will be displayed
c. ReactionMass Displacement limit – “M” will be displayed
d. Maximum Peak Force limit – “F” will be displayed
e. Maximum Reaction Mass Force – “R” will be displayed

9.4 PSS data

Press “E” on the keyboard to display the PSS data from the last sweep.

APh= 1 AF = 60% AD= 10%

Mph= 10 MF = 70% MD= 70%

Where
APh is average phase reading from last sweep
Mph is maximum phase reading from last sweep
AF is average Fundamental Force from last sweep
MF is maximum Fundamental Force from last sweep
AD is average Distortion from last sweep
MD is maximum Distortion from last sweep

Press “Stop” to return to Main menu

Force Two System 85

9.5 High/Low Force Selections

Press the “+/-“ key on the keyboard. The system will ask if you want to change form
“high to “low “force.

Press “4” to switch

This entry only affects sweeps that are started locally by the “Start” button. Sweeps
commanded by the UE in the recorder will automatically select High or Low force.

9.6 Auto Lift

To enable the automatic lift function, press the AUTO key until the AUTO light is
ON. The base plate will automatically go up after the number of sweeps set by the
“Pad up count” parameter. The time delay before lifting is set by the “Pad Up Delay”
parameter.

The base plate is lowered again by pressing the REMOTE DOWN switch (this switch
is connected by a cable to the 2 pin connector), or by pressing the DOWN key.

Pressing the AUTO key disables the automatic lift function.

Remote Down works in both “Auto” and “Manual” Modes.

Force Two System 86

9.7 Half Up Full Up switch

To reduce the time required for the base plate to go up, press the HALF UP key until
the HALF UP light is on. Now the base plate will go up only enough to provide
minimal ground clearance, rather than to the limit of lift cylinder travel. Note that the
safety stiff legs cannot be used in the half up mode. The base plate must be lifted
fully up and the stiff legs must be closed to hold the shaker assembly up when the
vibrator is pressured down.

9.8 GPS data

Press “2” to show GPS data on screen.

Press “3” to exit GPS display and return to Normal Operating Display.

9.9 End of the Day – Pressuring Down the Vibrator

1) Press Emergency Stop- This will slowly ramp the Reaction Mass to the
bottom.
2) After the Reaction Mass is at the bottom, before pressuring down the Vibrator
make sure the Baseplate is Up and in the Stiff Legs before pressuring down
for the end of the day.
3) Always pressure down vibrator before turning power switch off, unless in an
Emergency condition like loss of Valve Feedback.
4) Always turn the Decoder power off before turning off the engine
5) Never start up or turn off the engine with the Vibrator Control Unit POWER
switch ON.

Force Two System 87

 10 Calibration

Insure that the vibrator hydraulic engine is operating, electrical power is being supplied to
Vibrator Control Unit, and hydraulic pressure is normal. The vibrator should be
“Pressured Down” when turning the vibrator electronics on.

The vibrator should only be pressured up when the Force One vibrator electronics
shows the “Pressure Up, BP down” message.

1) Switch POWER switch ON. Wait for initial DISPLAY message. The initial
messages show the status and version number of the firmware installed in the
electronics. The status should show 0000 for each message.
a. “Force One Ver X.XX” message shows the status and version number of
the System Control Card.
b. DSP message shows status and version number of DSP card. Note: It is
very important that the DSP message is shown. If not power down and
turn the instruments back on.
c. Acc message shows status and version number of ACC card
d. Radio Modem message shows status and version number of Radio Modem
Card
3) After the initial tests and messages are shown, the following message is displayed
Operate >Start Cal>7
Test Setup>Stop GPS>2

To calibrate the Vibrator Control Unit to the characteristics of its vibrator, press key
7. Follow the instructions displayed during calibration.

Calibration should be performed if

d) New installation
e) When any vibrator hydraulic component has been changed. These
components include:
a. Mass LVDT
b. Valve LVDT
c. Torque Motor
d. Servo Valve
e. Accelerometer
f. Etc.
f) To perform a complete test of the vibrator’s operation. Calibration
performs test that can isolate problems with the vibrator’s operation.

Force Two System 88

Press key 7. The display shows the message “Calibration Start”.

• The system automatically checks memory integrity, power supply voltages, servo
amplifier integrity, and LVDT primary circuit integrity. Any problems detected
are shown on the display, along with recommended operator action.

• If no problems are detected, calibration continues. A display message instructs

the operator to pressure up the vibrator and to move the base plate to the DOWN
position.

• The base plate hold down pressure sensor is checked. If it is not activated, the
display shows the message “Lift Error”.

• The system automatically checks LVDT output voltages, then asks if the mass is
down. The operator answers this question by pressing the appropriate key.

• The system then sets optimum values of valve and mass loop gains and checks
LVDT offsets. If offsets are excessive, a display message instructs the operator to
adjust the LVDT’s.

• The system tests all accelerometers and reports any errors on the display.

• All parameters determined by the calibration process are stored in memory.

When calibration is completed, the unit is ready for normal operation.

Force Two System 89

 11 Loading Parameters

11.1 Parameters via Keyboard

Parameters may be loaded into the Vibrator Control Unit either by radio from the Source
Control program connected to the Universal Encoder, by connecting the computer
directly to the Vibrator Control Unit, or manually entering the data using the keyboard
and display.

Most of the parameters in the vibrator control require a password to change.

When editing use the following keys:

“E” to enter parameter and move to next entry

“Stop” can be used to exit the edit mode and return to the main menu.

“Start“ key used to move to next item in menu

“+/-“ key used to move to previous item in menu

The “Stop” button will exit out of most menus. Typically pressing the “Stop” button a
few times will return to the “Main Menu”

Some of the entries do not require a password.

The following are some of the entries that most Vibrator operators can change without a
password.

Force Two System 90

11.1.1 Start Sweep Number

Start Sweep Number changes the sweep number that starts when the “Start” button is
pressed.

To change “Start Sweep number”

Press “Sweep” button

SWEEP PARAMETERS
START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “Start” button once to go to the following menu

START SWEEP NUMBER

START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “E” to enter new Sweep number

SWEEP NUMBER 01

Enter number between 1 and 32 to select sweep 1 to 32

After entering correct Sweep number, press “Stop” to return to main menu.

Force Two System 91

11.1.2 Resetting Presets – Force and Phase

Use this feature to Reset all of the Force and Phase Presets. This is sometimes required
after doing Zero Time tests with the Vibrator pressured down.

To Reset Force and Phase Presets for all of the Sweeps

Press “Servo” button

SERVO PARAMETERS
START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “Start” button once to go to the following menu

RESET PRESETS
START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “E” to perform RESET PRESETS

Press “Stop” to return to main menu.

11.1.3 Global Counter Clear

To Clear the Global Counter that is displayed on the main screen, perform the following.

Press “Servo” button

SERVO PARAMETERS
START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “Start” button five times to go to the following menu

GLOBAL COUNTER CLEAR

START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “E” to enter to select Global Counter Clear function.

Press “1” to clear

Press “Stop” to return to main menu.

Force Two System 92

11.1.4 Password for Keyboard Entry

To Edit the other Servo or Sweep parameters a password must be entered

A Password is 4 digits which add to 17

Example: 4,5,6, 2 is a valid Password

Force Two System 93

11.2 Sweep Parameters via Keyboard

Sweep parameters may be loaded into the Vibrator Control Unit either by radio from the
Source Control program connected to the Universal Encoder, by connecting the
computer directly to the Vibrator Control Unit, or manually entering the data using the
keyboard and display.

The following is a description of manual entry.

Complete items 1-4 of “Normal Operation”.

Press SWEEP key. (If unit is already in normal operating mode, just press SWEEP
key.)

SWEEP PARAMETERS
START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “E” will bring up the following menu

View Sweep – press 0

Edit Sweep – press 1

Press 0 to view Sweeps or Press 1 to Edit Sweeps

When editing use the following keys:

“E” to enter parameter and move to next entry

“Stop” can be used to exit the edit mode and return to the main menu.

“Start“ key used to move to next item in menu

“+/-“ key used to move to previous item in menu

Force Two System 94

11.2.1 Edit Sweeps

To Edit Sweeps a password must be entered

A Password is 4 digits which add to 17
Example: 4,5,6, 2 is a valid Password

Using the +/- key, select one of the following items:

• Sweep Parameters
• Start Sweep Number
• EXIT

And press “E” for enter.

Sweep Parameters-

First Enter Sweep #. This is a number between 1 and 16. (Enter 01 for 1)
The Sweep Parameters for this sweep number will be shown.

Example for Sweep # 01

Sweep#01: 010/100/10
Linear /Cs/0.50_0.50

This shows that sweep #01 is a 010 Hz to 100 Hz , 10 second upsweep. Linear mode
with 0.50 seconds up and down cosine tapers.

To change these parameters

Press “E” to move to the next field

Press “Stop” to move to the previous field

Press “+/-“ key to change Sweep Type

• Linear
• DO – Db/octave – Dwell (-9.99 to +9.99)
• DH- Db/Hertz (-0.49 to +0.49)
• TP – T – power sweep (+/- 0.30 to +/- 3.00)
• Pulse
• Pause
.
Enter Dwell for the non-linear sweeps if selected

Force Two System 95

Enter Taper Type
• Cs is the taper type (cosine).
• Bl is the taper type (Blackman).
X.XX is the taper up time in seconds.
Y.YY is the taper down time in seconds

Force Two System 96

11.2.2 Start Sweep Number

Start Sweep number selects the sweep number that the electronics will use when a
manual sweep is started.

Usually this is the same number used for production. Other sweep numbers can be
selected and run at the vibrator with this selection.

Force Two System 97

11.3 Loading Vibrator Parameters

Vibrator parameters may be loaded via radio by using the “Source Control program”
on the computer connected to the Universal Encoder or manually by the local
keyboard.

Press the SERVO key, to enter Vibrator parameters

SERVO PARAMETERS
START > +/- <STOP –EXIT

Press “E” will bring up the following menu

View Sweep – press 0

Edit Sweep – press 1

Press 0 to view Sweeps or Press 1 to Edit Sweeps

When editing use the following keys:

“E” to enter parameter and move to next entry

“Stop” can be used to exit the edit mode and return to the main menu.

“Start“ key used to move to next item in the menu

“+/-“ key used to move to previous item in the menu

To enter parameters, press 1. A correct password must be entered to proceed.

Password must be entered to continue:

Password is 4 digits which add to 17

Example: 4,5,6, 2 is a valid Password

Force Two System 98

Using the +/- key, select one of the following modes:

• SERVO PARAMETERS
o Vib Characteristics

Acc Sensitivity MV/G

HD Weight

Bplate Weight

RM Weight
o Phase Control

Phase Loop Gain

Predic Phase Gain

Phase Control Signal

Similarity Signal
o Force Control

Force Loop Gain

Predic Force Gain

High Force %

Low Force %
o Lift Control

Pad Up Count

Pad Up Delay
o Limits & Errors

TM Current, MA

Valve Disp %

Mass Disp %

Peak Force %

Peak Mass Force %

Max Fund Force %

Avg Fund Force %

Max Phase Error %

Avg Phase Error %

Max Distortion %

Avg Distortion %

Dist Freq Limit
o Radio Control

Vibrator ID

Crew ID

Start Code

PSS Type

Spk 0-norm 1-rev

Mic 0-norm 1-rev

Decoder Delay

Force Two System 99

 o Advanced

Test Mass Fbk – Keyboard Entry Only – Normal 000

Test Valve Fbk –Key board Entry Only – Normal 000

Mass Position – Keyboard Entry Only – Normal 050

Initial Advance, ms

Phase Preset

Force Preset

Phase Control Type

Force Control Type
o Exit
• Calibration Data
o MFBK=xxx VFBK=xxx
o M_OF=+xx V_OF=+xx
o TM_OF=xx Acc=XXXX
• GLOBAL COUNTER CLEAR
o Shows total number of sweeps since last reset
o Press 1 to clear counter
• SERVICE & SUPPORT
o Phone 1-800-762-8233
o SeismicSource.com
• DISPLAY
o Display Contrast- Use START and STOP keys to optimize
display contrast
• EXIT
• RESET PRESETS – Resets all Phase and Force presets for all sweeps

Force Two System 100

11.3.1 Servo Parameters
Select Servo parameters and press the “E” key.

To exit without saving changes press the “Stop” button.

To save changes the “E” key must be pressed when the “Exit menu” is shown.

Use the “E” key to move between parameters

Uses the “Start“ key to move forward one menu.

Uses the “+/-“ key to move back one parameter

Use the “Stop” key to exit menu

By pressing the “+/-“ key or the START keys, the following menus may be selected:

• VIB CHARACTERISTICS
• PHASE CONTROL
• FORCE CONTROL
• Lift CONTROL
• LIMITS & ERROR
• RADIO CONTROL
• ADVANCED CONTROL
• EXIT

To select any displayed menu, press the “E” key.

To exit press the “Stop” key until the main menu is shown

Force Two System 101

11.3.2 Vib Characteristics
Vibrator Weights can be entered in any units. All entries must be entered in same
units. Example: If pounds (lbs) are used for Hold Down Weight, then Max peak
Force, BP Weight, and RM Weight must also be entered in pounds.

o Vib Characteristics

Acc Sensitivity MV/G

HD Weight

Bplate Weight

RM Weight

Accelerometer sensitivity, mV/g- Sensitivity of system accelerometers in millivolts per

g of acceleration. Allowable range is 1 to 99.9 mV/g. Seismic Source accelerometers are
25 mV/g.

HD Weight - Hold Down Weight, - Force of static hold down on the base plate in
thousand pounds or kilograms. This value will be used for all Ground Force
Calculations. Force Output settings will be based on this entry. Allowable range is 0 to
99.9.

BP Weight, - Base plate weight in pounds or kilograms. Allowable range is 0 to 9.99.

RMass Weight, - Reaction mass weight in pounds or kilograms. Allowable range is 0 to

9.99.

Force Two System 102

11.3.3 Phase Control

o Phase Control

Phase Loop Gain

Predic Phase Gain

Phase Control Signal

Similarity Signal

Phase Loop Gain- Sets sensitivity of phase correction system. Allowable range is 0 to
99%, where 0 is system disabled and 99 is maximum sensitivity.
Normal entry is 80

Predictive Phase Loop Gain-. NOT USED-Manual Entry Only. Normal Entry = 00%

Phase control Signal- Selects signal to be phase controlled-

0- earth force (Ground Force (GF))
1- base plate acceleration
2- reaction mass acceleration
3- reference signal
Normal Entry is 0

Similarity Signal- Selects signal to be transmitted to Universal Encoder-

0- Sim GF - Uses Similarity accelerometers to compute Ground Force)
1- Sim BP - Uses Similarity Base Plate accelerometers
2- Sim RM - Uses Similarity Reaction Mass accelerometers
3- Reference signal
4- Loop GF - Uses Loop accelerometers to compute Ground Force)
5- Loop BP - Uses Loop Base Plate accelerometers
6- Loop RM - Uses Loop Reaction Mass accelerometers

Normal entry is 0

Force Two System 103

11.3.4 Force Control

o Force Control

Force Loop Gain

Predic Force Gain

High Force %

Low Force %

Force Loop Gain- Sets sensitivity of force control system. Allowable values are 1 to
100%. Enter 0% to disable the force control system.
Normal entry =80

Predictive Force Gain- NOT USED-Manual Entry Only. Normal Entry = 00%

High Force Output- Sets High Force target value of fundamental vibrator force,
expressed as a percentage of Hold Down Weight.
Normal entry = 070

Low Force Out- Sets Low Force target value of fundamental vibrator force, expressed as
a percentage of Hold Down Weight.
Normal entry =040

Force Two System 104

11.3.5 Lift Control

o Lift Control

Pad Up Count

Pad Up Delay

Pad Up Count- Number of sweeps to be taken in one pad location. Used to autolift
baseplate if AUTO light is ON. Allowable range is 1 to 99.

Pad Up Delay- Delay between end of sweep and automatic base plate lifting. Allowable
range is 0 to 99 seconds. Typical entry = 1

Force Two System 105

11.3.6 Limits and Errors

o Limits & Errors

TM Current, MA

Valve Disp %

Mass Disp %

Peak Force %

Peak Mass Force %

Max Fund Force %

Avg Fund Force %

Max Phase Error %

Avg Phase Error %

Max Distortion %

Avg Distortion %

Dist Freq Limit

All the "Limits and Errors" entries start with "m0"

This is a changeable entry where:-
0 = No Limit/Error display or control
1 = Limit/Error displayed
3 = Limit/Error displayed and controlled
Recommended entry is "m3" for all parameters

TM Current- Sets maximum allowable peak torque motor current. Allowable range is
0 to 40 milliamperes. Example: If 40 mA is selected, then torque motor current will be
limited to +/- 40 mA.
Typical entry = 040

Valve Disp- Sets a limit of servo valve spool stroke, as a percentage of full stroke.
Allowable range is 0 to 99%. Typical entry =080

Mass Disp- Sets a limit of reaction mass displacement, as a percentage of full travel.
Allowable range is 0 to 99%. Typical entry = 080

Peak Force- Sets a limit of peak Ground Force, as a percentage of holddown weight.
Allowable range is 0 to 199%. Typical entry =90

Peak Reaction Mass Force- Sets a limit of the peak Reaction Mass force, as a
percentage of holddown weight. Allowable range is 0 to 199%. Typical entry =99

Max Fnd Force- Set to the minimum value of fundamental force,expressed as a

percentage of holddown weight, which does not flag an error. Allowable range is
0 to 99%. Typical entry =99

Force Two System 106

AVR Fnd Force- Sets the minimum value of average fundamental force, expressed as a
percentage of holddown weight, which does not flag an error. Allowable
range is 0 to 99%. Typical entry =99

MAX Phase Err- Sets maximum value of absolute phase error that does not flag an
error. Allowable range is 1 to 99 degrees. Typical entry =60

AVR Phase Err- Sets maximum value of absolute average phase error that does not flag
an error. Allowable range is 1 to 99 degrees. Typical entry =5

MAX Distortion- Sets maximum value of total harmonic distortion, expressed as a

percentage of fundamental, which does not flag an error. Allowable range 0 to 99%.
Typical Entry =80

AVR Distortion- Sets maximum value of average total harmonic distortion, expressed as
a percentage of fundamental, which does not flag an error. Allowable range is 0 to 99%.
Typical Entry =30

Distortion Frequency Limit – This entry determines the maximum frequency used for
the distortion measurements. Example: With and entry of 200 Hz, all frequencies above
200 Hz are ignored when computing distortion. Normal entry is 200 Hz

Force Two System 107

11.3.7 Radio Control

o Radio Control

Vibrator ID

Crew ID

Start Code

PSS Type

Spk 0-norm 1-rev

Mic 0-norm 1-rev

Decoder Delay

Vibrator ID- Sets one of 16 (1-16) Vibrator ID’s, used to start the sweep by radio.
Vibrator number is a unique number form 1 to 16

Crew ID- Sets one of 256 (0-255) crew ID’s. Crew number is used to start the sweep by
radio. Crew number in vibrators must match the crew number set in the Start code
Sequence parameters in the Universal Encoder for the vibrator to start.

Start Code- Sets one of four (0-3) start codes, used to start the sweep by radio. Start
codes in vibrators and Universal Encoder must be identical.

PSS Type- Selects PSS type 12 or 15. PSS type 15 is required when using the VSS
(Vibrator Signature system). All units must have same PSS type for proper operation

Spk 0-norm 1-rev – This selection allows the speaker circuit to be reversed. This is used
when setting up the radio interface. All speaker polarities on a crew should be set the
same. This setting in the Vibrator will affect the start time.

Mic 0-norm 1-rev -This selection allows the microphone circuit to be reversed. This is
used when setting up the radio interface. All microphone polarities on a crew should be
set the same. This setting in the Encoder will affect the start time.

Decoder Delay- This entry can be used to compensate for Start Time differences
between vibrator units. This entry should only be used by advanced users of the system.
Compensates for time delay in start code transmission over the radio. Allowable range is
0 to 9.99 milliseconds. See Start Time Setup section of manual.

Force Two System 108

11.3.8 Advanced Control
o Advanced

Test Mass Fbk – Keyboard Entry Only – Normal 000

Test Valve Fbk –Key board Entry Only – Normal 000

Mass Position – Keyboard Entry Only – Normal 050

Initial Advance, ms

Phase Preset

Force Preset

Phase Control Type

Force Control Type

Mass Feedback- Manual Entry Only- Sets the attenuation of the mass feedback control
loop. Entry of 0 causes the system to use the value determined during calibration. Entry
of 1 corresponds to maximum loop gain. Entry of 255 disables mass feedback.
Typical starting manual entry of 55 can be used for testing.
Normal entry =000 .

Valve Feedback- Manual Entry Only -Sets the attenuation of the valve feedback control
loop. Entry of 0 causes the system to use the value determined during calibration. Entry
of 1 corresponds to maximum loop gain. Entry of 255 disables valve feedback.
Typical starting manual entry of 68 can be used for testing
Normal entry =000

Mass Position - Manual Entry Only -Sets position of reaction mass. 0 is lowest
position, 050 is centered, and +99% is highest position. Typical entry =050

Initial Advance- Sets time advance of drive signal to compensate for hydraulic system
delay. Allowable range is 0 to 99 milliseconds. 10 msec. is typical.

Phase Preset- NOT USED-Manual Entry Only. Resets initial phase correction used at
the beginning of the sweep. Allowable values are -180 to +180 degrees.
Normal entry is 0

Force Output Preset- NOT USED-Manual Entry Only Normal entry = 00

Phase Control Type- NOT USED-Manual Entry Only Normal entry = 0

Force Control Type- NOT USED-Manual Entry Only Normal entry = 0

Force Two System 109

11.3.9 Calibration Data

Shows results of last calibration. Includes mass feedback attenuation setting, valve
feedback attenuation setting, mass LVDT offset, valve LVDT offset, torque Motor offset,
and results of accelerometer tests.

Accelerometer test results are in the form WXYZ where:

o W shows performance of loop mass acc
o X shows performance of sim mass acc.
o Y shows performance of loop base plate acc
o Z shows performance of sim base plate acc

The following numbers are used to show the results of the test
o 0 indicates that the accelerometer test is successful.
o 1 indicates that the accelerometer polarity is reversed.
o 2 indicates that the accelerometer is faulty.

A display of “0000” shows that all accelerometers passed the test

Force Two System 110

11.4 Vibrator parameters with Source Control

The Source Control program can be used to set almost all of the parameters in the Force
Two Decoder Units.

The Computer running source Control is connected via serial port directly to the Force
Two Decoder Unit.

The 9 pin male D sub connector on the side of the Force Two unit is normally used to
connect directly to the computer’s serial port. Some of the older Force Two units do not have the
serial connection on the side, on these units the GPS connector can be used.

F2 GPS connector: 9-pin Female – GPS connector on End of unit

• 2 – GPS Transmit (nothing currently coming out)
• 3 – GPS Receive (VSR sends GPS positions and VSR status to F2) 19200
• 5 – Ground
• 6 – Parameter Transmit, 57600 (Pins 6 and 7 was installed before we had the
parameter connector below)
• 7 – Parameter Receive, 57600
• 8 – Ground

F2 Parameter connector: 9-pin Male – Connector on Side of unit

• 2 – Parameter Receive, 57600
• 3 – Parameter Transmit, 57600
• 5 – Ground

Force Two System 111

 After connecting the serial cable form the computer to the Force Two Decoder, Start the
Source Control Program.

Go to the Setup Menu in the Source Control Program and select the correct serial port.

Force Two System 112

 After selecting the correct serial port , check that communication to the unit is working.
Go to the Setup – Init Encoder selection.

The Vibrator Init Confirmation message should appear on the bottom of the screen.

The Source Control Program is now connected to the Vibrator Decoder, and parameters
can be transmitted and verified. Go to the Source Control program section of this manual for
more information.

Force Two System 113

 12 Optional Force Two systems

The Force Two Vibrator system has numerous options available, contact a Seismic
Source representative or visit our website:
http://seismicsource.com/phpnuke/html/index.php

12.1 GPS option

The Force Two Decoder unit can be connected to most GPS receivers.

The Force Two unit is expecting RS232 serial data with the following message types:

$GPGGA
$GPRMC

The serial baud rate should be set as follows

GPS Baud Rate: 19200, N,8,1 – no flow control

The 9 pin Female D-sub connector on the end of the Force Two unit is used for the GPS
connection. Pins 2, 3 and 5 are used fro the GPS connection.

F2 GPS connector: 9-pin Female

• 2 – GPS Transmit (currently not used)
• 3 – GPS Receive (VSR sends GPS positions and VSR status to F2) 19200
• 5 – Ground
• 6 – Parameter Transmit, 57600
• 7 – Parameter Receive, 57600
• 8 – Ground

Force Two System 114

12.2 VSR recorder (Vibrator Signature Recorder)

The Vibrator signature recorder can be used with the Force Two system to record 24 bit
vibrator signature data from every Vibrator Point.

The VSR system consists of the following

1. Vibrator Signature Recorder – 24 bit – Records
a. Baseplate Acceleration
b. Reaction Mass Acceleration
c. Ground Force Motion (Weighted Sum)
d. True Reference
e. GPS position
f. GPS time to microsecond accuracy
2. GPS Receiver
3. Display computer (optional)
4. VSR Force Two Cable set

The Vibrator Signature Data can be recorded in the VSR recorder and downloaded every
night, or the optional Display computer can be used to record the data and show the
signature signal on the display.

Basic Operation:

Typically the Seismic Recording system begins the operation by sending file and EP ID
number to the Universal Encoder. This information is sent with the “Start Code”
information to the Force Two Unit. After the “Start Code” has been received, this
information is sent to the Vibrator Signature Recorder, and the data is stored along with
the Vibrator Signature data. At the end of the Sweep, status information is sent to the
Force Two unit from the VSR recorder. This VSR status information is added to the PSS
information and sent back to the main Seismic Recorder.
The Status of the VSR recorders is displayed and stored by the Source Control program
with all of the other PSS information. If any problem occurs, the observer or the vibrator
operator, with the computer display, can quickly identify the problem.
At the end of the Day the VSR data is usually exported to SEG-Y files and sent to the
processing center.

Force Two System 115

Note:
GPS must be set to 19.2 K baud on the VSR system

Wiring:

The following shows the serial connections required between the Force Two

Force Two System 116

12.3 Bird Dog II - Vibrator Quality Control

The Bird Dog II – Vibrator Quality control System is a completed independent test
system designed to test Vibroseis Control Systems. The system includes the following:
• Bird Dog II 24 bit recorder
• Two independent accelerometers
• Force Two VibQC cable
• True Reference Cable
• Power and communication cable
• Geophone Test Cable

The System can be used with the independent accelerometers to test the complete
vibroseis control system. The independent accelerometers verify that the polarity and summing
of the accelerometers are done correctly.

In addition the system can be used with the Force Two Test connector to record all of the
signals contributing to the vibrator’s performance.

Connect the Bird Dog II unit to the 15 pin test connector on the side of the Force Two
Decoder unit.

The following signals can be recorded using a 12 channel Bird Dog II unit.

True Reference
Loop Baseplate Accelerometer
Loop Reaction Mass Accelerometer
Loop Ground Force Signal
Sim Baseplate Accelerometer
Sim Reaction Mass Accelerometer
Sim Ground Force Signal
Drive Signal – sine wave going to Torque Motor
Torque Motor Current
Valve LVDT – Main Valve displacement signal
Mass LVDT – Reaction Mass displacement signal

WireLine Reference – signals used for Wireline similarities

Svout – Similarity Vibrator Output – Normally GF - signals used for Wireline similarities

Force Two System 117

Typical Quality Control Plot showing Phase Error, Force Output, and Distortion

Force Two System 118

Schematic for cable between 15 pin Force Two Service Cable and Bird Dog II unit

Force Two System 119

12.3.1 Bird Dog II – Wireline System

The Bird Dog II – Vibrator QC Wireline System includes the following:

• Bird Dog II – 12 channel unit
• Five Vibrator Wireline connection box
• Cables for Wireline connection to Vibrators
• Bird Dog II Power and communication Cables
• Geophone Test Cable
• Vibrator QC adapter box
• Independent magnetic accelerometers (Optional)

The Bird Dog II Wireline systems allows the Wireline signals (Wireline Reference and
Wireline Vibrator Output ) to be compared from up to 5 Vibrators simultaneously. There
is also an input for the Wireline Reference and Time Break Signal from the Universal
Encoder.

Force Two System 120

12.4 Vibrator Simulator

The Vibrator Simulator allows the Force Two Vibrator control electronics to be tested
without an Hydraulic Vibrator. The Vibrator simulator simulated the following electrical
signals produced on a Hydraulic Vibrator:
• Torque Motor Circuit
• Valve response and LVDT circuit
• Reaction Mass response and Mass LVDT circuit
• Reaction Mass Accelerometer
• Baseplate Acelerometer
• Lift Circuit
• Remote Down

The Vibrator Simulator is very useful in troubleshooting and isolating problems with the
Vibrator Electronics, and Vibrator Radio System.

Force Two System 121

12.5 Vibrator PSS Monitor System – Spare UE

The Spare Universal Encoder can be used by the Vibrator mechanic or the client
representative to monitor activity on the seismic crew.

The Spare UE with a radio and a computer running the Source Control Program can
monitor or control the following:
• PSS data from all of the Vibrators or Source Control Units (AWD’s, blaster’s)
• GPS data from all of the Vibrators or Source Control Units

Monitoring the PSS data can be done during production; other operations should only be
done by the Vibrator Technician when the crew is not in production.
• Loading and comparing operational parameters
• Loading and comparing Sweep Parameters
• Status Parameters
• Remote Radio similarities when the crew is not operating

The UE monitor can be used with both Force Two systems and Vib Pro system running
PSS type 12 and PSS type 15.

Force Two System 122

 13 Polarity and Phase Convention

The Force Two Vibrator system uses the following polarity standard for the
accelerometer signal.

Force Two Upward Acceleration = Positive Voltage (Tap on top gives negative
pulse)

This is opposite polarity than is used for most geophone strings.

The Ground Force Signal of the vibrator is approximated by using the weighted sum of
the Reaction Mass Force and the Baseplate Force.

A positive Ground Force Signal is defined to be a positive compressive Force. With this
polarity, Ground Force should be 180 degrees out of phase with the Reference from the
Force Two Decoder and the Encoder units (when sweep phase is the same in both the
Encoder and Decoders). This is also the suggested SEG Polarity Standard for Vibroseis
operation.

(Note: All Pelton Vibrator Electronics use this same polarity standard. i.e. Upward
Acceleration = Positive)

The SEG Polarity standard is written to address the polarity of the crew. The following
must be checked to prove the polarity of the crew:
1. Geophone polarity – (Normal tap on top gives positive voltage)
2. Vibrator Polarity –
3. Polarity of the Encoder signal used for correlation.
4. Polarity of Recording to tape –

Wireline Similarities to check Crew Polarity

Wireline similarities can be used to check the polarity of a crew. The following is a
quick procedure to check the polarity using the Force Two Wireline Sim signals.

a) Perform a Tap test of the Geophone Strings. Record the signals uncorrelated to
tape. Typical Tap on top gives positive voltage.
b) Connect The Wireline cables of the Force Two System to the Recording System
c) Pressure Down the Vibrator Unit. Remove an accelerometer from the Vibrator
unit and connect the accelerometer to the RM accelerometer input on the
Connector Panel.. Install shorting plug in the Down Enable connector on the
Connector Panel (This allows the vibrator electronics to start with the Vibrator
Pressured down). Start a sweep from the Recording Truck and perform a Tap

Force Two System 123

 test of the accelerometer signal. Make sure that it is the same polarity as the
geophone. (The Vibrator should not be shaking at this point). If it is reverse
polarity from the geophone, then swap the polarity of the Wireline connection.
d) After determining Wireline polarity in step “c” connect the vibrators to the
wireline cables and do a wireline test.
e) For the suggested SEG polarity, the Ground Force signal should be in phase with
the reference signal.

The Wireline Reference of the Force Two system is a Delayed True Reference Signal.
The delay should be about 1.7 milliseconds.

When performing the Wireline Similarity tests it is good to acquire at least one record
and use the systems Encoder to correlate the signal. This test will prove that there is not
an additional reversal in the Encoder’s True Reference signal used for correlation. The
Ground Force signal should show a positive pulse at about 1.7 milliseconds.

Radio Similarities

The Radio Similarities will not show crew polarity, but can be used to show the Polarity
of the Vibrator System.

The Source Control program can be used to analyze the radio similarities. For ease of
use, the Source Control program can reverses the polarity of the returning vibrator signal
so that the phase error plots will display 0 degrees.

Force Two System 124

 14 Radio Requirements

The Radio must have the following specifications:

1. Response time of transmitter after keying PTT- less than 125
milliseconds.
2. Frequency range (3dB)- 300 to 3000 Hz.
3. Signal to noise ratio- 20dB
4. Receiver output level (100% modulation)- at least 2 volts p-p.
5. Mike input for 100% modulation- 0.2 volts p-p.
Note: Radio polarity must be observed. If vibrator does not start, reverse speaker
polarity via the software selection in the Source Control software.

Force Two System 125

15 SERVICE & SUPPORT

Seismic Source Co.

2391 E. Coleman Rd.
Ponca City, OK 74604
USA

Telephone: (580) 762-8233

Fax: (580) 762-1785

www.seismicsource.com

Force Two System 126

 16 Appendix

16.1 Communication Card Jumper Settings

Board Mode Selection

JMP5
Program (Reserved for factory use) 1-2
Operate Mode (default) 2-3

Time Break (Start Program selects isolated or non-isolated)

JMP6 JMP4
Radio Board issues Time Break (default) 1-2 2-3

Serial Port
JMP3, JMP7 JMP8
Computer port is RS-232 (default) 2-3 2-3

Universal Encoder Start signal conditioner

(Start Program selects low going high or high going low signal input)
JM18 (GND) JM19 (+5V pullup)
Closure 1-2 1-2
TTL Open Open

Force Two System 127

16.2 Encoder Information

Universal Encoder 25 pin-Connector

1 START_A Start UE Active Input Signal
2 DCOM Digital Common Signal
3 TB_R Time Break Return Output Signal
4 REC_START_A Recorder Start Signal Active
5 DCOM Digital Common Signal
6 DCOM Digital Common Signal
7 RM_RX2_RS Recording Truck Interface Receive Signal
8 TRUE_REF True Reference Signal
9 RADIO_REF Radio Reference Signal
10 RADIO_SIM Radio Similarity Signal
11 WL_REF Wireline Reference Signal
12 +5VD +5 Volts DC
13 NC Not Connected
14 START_R Start UE Return Input Signal
15 TB_A Time Break Active Output Signal
16 DCOM Digital Common Signal
17 REC_START_R Recorder Start Signal Return
18 REF_PULSES_TTL Reference Pulses Signal
19 RM_TX2_RS Recording Truck Interface Transmit Signal
20 DCOM Digital Common Signal
21 ACOM Analog Common Signal
22 ACOM Analog Common Signal
23 ACOM Analog Common Signal
24 ACOM Analog Common Signal
25 NC Not Connected

Force Two System 128

Force Two System 129
 DSP BOARD B22
TB_DSP
Pins
B6 B31 TB.A 15
3
2
1

U12 R179 +5VD

JMP4 2 R249
3 680k
JMP6 499 1/4W
IC30A IC30B R180 U6 4
3 1 6 9 R250
2 1 2 3 4 200 5 8
1 499 1/4W
7
74VHC04 74VHC04 2 4 1 6
TB_HITACHI +5VD
H11A1SM 5 10 +5VD
VT1 B28
R251 TB.R 3
RELAY1
MMBT3904 TQ2-L2-4.5V
1k C122
HITACHI MP 0.1uF
VT2
RELAY2 R252
MMBT3904
1k C123
0.1uF
COMMUNICATION CARD
RADIO_REF_DSP
DSP BOARD A3
+15V
+15V
R1

8
20k IC6B
R5

8
IC6A 5 + R8
R3
3 + R6 7 RADIO_REF 9
10k
10k 1 6 - 100 +/-5V
2 - 20k
Universal Encoder 25-pin Connector (Page 1)

LM6142A

4
LM6142A

4
R2
-15V
20k -15V R7
R4
UE DISPLAY BOARD 20k
20k
3.3VD

5
1
IC51
HITACHI_REF_PULSES R267
2 4 REF_PULSES_TTL 18
301 0-3.3V
NC7SZ125

3
HITACHI MP
IC7A R40 IC14
RECORDER_START
1 2 1 6
A17 REC_START_A
301 5 4
74VHC04
VD8
R49
2 4 RS1J-13
4N32S 698k
COMMUNICATION CARD B17 REC_START_R 17
 DSP BOARD Pins
R9 R10 R11 B4 TRUE_REF
DAC7744 8
22.6k 22.6k 100 +/-5V
C30
-15V 33p
11

IC12A
2 -
1
3 +
LF347BD
4

+15V
R29 R30 R17 A6 WL_REF
DAC7744 11
22.6k 22.6k 100 +/-5V
C39
-15V 33p
11
IC52A
2 -
1
3 +
LF347BD

4
+15V
Universal Encoder 25-pin Connector (Page 2)

COMMUNICATION CARD R204

100k
+15V
IC28D

4
R269
MITSUBISHI MP SIMILARITY CASCADES 13 R212
A6 RADIO_SIM
-
49.9k 14 10
12 + 100 +/-2.5V
LF347BD

11
R265
Uphole
49.9k
-15V
RX2 A22 RM_RX2_RS
HITACHI MP RS232 7
TX2 B22 RM_TX2_RS
HITACHI MP RS232 19
 +5VA
R82
10k
R83
2k
+5VA
8

IC18B 3.3VD
5 +
7
6 -
R42
LM6142A
4

Pins R84 5.1k

5.1k
JM18 REMOTE_START
-5VA 2 1 HITACHI MP
IC11 VT3
A11 R44 R77
14 START_R 2 -IN OUT 6 MMBT3904
100k 3 +IN 5.1k
REF 5
Remote Start R46 8
R45 RG C67 R97
10k 1 RG
A13 20k
100pF
1 START_A 100k
7
+5VA +VS
-5VA 4 -VS
C61 LT1167
C60
0.1uF 0.1uF
JM19 R245
Universal Encoder 25-pin Connector (Page 3)

2 1 +5VD
1k
COMMUNICATION CARD
UE DISPLAY BOARD +5VD Pins
R12
+5VD
12
390 DCOM
2
DCOM
5
DCOM
6
DCOM
16
DCOM
20
ACOM
21
ACOM
22
ACOM
23
ACOM
24
Universal Encoder 25-pin Connector (Simplified Version) Pins

COMMUNICATION CARD
TB.A 15
Source Control Program
Time Break Type:
2 ISO +5VD
3 Time Break
NON-ISO R
6 4
1 9
5 499 Ohm 1/4W
8
7 TB.R
2 4 3
- R
RADIO_SIM
10
100 Ohm +/-2.5V
+

UE DISPLAY BOARD - R
RADIO_REF
9
100 Ohm +/-5V
+

DSP - R
TRUE_REF
8
+
100 Ohm +/-5V

- R
WL_REF
11
100 Ohm +/-5V
+

COMMUNICATION CARD R
REF_PULSES_TTL
18
301 Ohm 0-3.3V

REC_START_A
4

Recorder Start 25 Pin D-SUB

Male Connector
REC_START_R
17 (Simplified version)

RM_RX2_RS
7
RS232 RM_TX2_RS
19

JM18
1 2

R
START_R
14
100k
+ R
Start UE
- 10k
R
START_A
1
100k

+5VD R JM19
1 2
1k
+5VD
UE DISPLAY BOARD
R
+5VD
12
390 Ohm DCOM
2
DCOM
5
DCOM
6
DCOM
16
DCOM
20
ACOM
21
ACOM
22
ACOM
23
ACOM
24
Universal Encoder Front Panel

03420014H 3A
 XP1 XP1 SYSTEM CABLE XP1
REMOTE DOWN & COM PORT CABLE J1
ACOM 1
1 1
2 LMACC 2
2 REMOTE DOWN CONNECTOR
3 MLVDT_SR 3
MLVDT_SA CON2
4 4 XP5L
5 ACOM 5
ACOM 1 SW DOWN S
6 6 DCOM J2A
7 M_EXT2 7 2
M_EXT2 3 PPS_TTL 1A
8 8 TX_C
9 VLVDT_SR 9 4 2A
VLVDT_SA 5 RX_C 3A
10 10 N.C.
11 ACOM 11 6 4A
ACOM 7 DCOM 5A COMPUTER / GPS CONNECTOR
12 12 TX2
13 V_EXT2 13 8 6A
V_EXT2 9 RX2 7A
14 14 DCOM
15 TMR 15 10 8A
16 TMR 16 J3A 9A
17 TMA 17 CON10 1A
18 TMA 18 fobp left 2A CONN ASY DSUB 9-R/9-R
19 LBPACC 19 3A
20 ACOM 20 4A SERVICE CABLE XP5
21 LIFT 21 5A DCOM 1
22 SMACC 22 6A /TIME BREAK 2
23 +30V 23 7A ACOM 3
24 +30V 24 8A TR REF 4
SBPACC Test Connector LMACC
25 25 9A 5
26 SM_ACC_GPS_TX 26 LBPACC 6
SM_ACC_GPS_RX XS6 CONN ASY DSUB 9-R/9-R SMACC 7
27 27
28 N.C. 28 1 DCOM SBPACC 8
29 N.C. 29 2 ACOM ACOM 9
30 N.C. 30 3 LMACC SV OUT 10
31 N.C. 31 4 SMACC WL_REF 11
32 N.C. 32 5 ACOM DRIVE 12
33 -BAT 33 6 WL_REF M TM 13
34 -BAT 34 7 M TM VFB T 14
35 -BAT 35 8 MFB T MFB T 15
36 -BAT 36 9 /TIME BREAK 16
37 +BAT 37 10 TR REF 17
38 +BAT 38 11 LBPACC 18
39 +BAT 39 12 SBPACC 19
40 +BAT 40 13 SV OUT 20
14 DRIVE
15 VFB T CON20
CON40 CON40
41pin connector fobp right DSUB15
3452-7600 3452-7600
DISPLAY CABLE, XP1L, 6.5"
16 16
PWRIN 15 15
PWRIN 14 14
PWRIN 13 13
SW1 12 12
F1 11 11
CONNECTOR CARD

PWR 1 2 10 10
PWR XP3 9 9
PWR FUSE 8 8
7 7
UPHALF 1 6 6
UPFULL 2 5 5
DNHALF 3 4 4
DNFULL 4 3 3
GND 5 2 2
6 1 1
GND 7
GND 8
GND
3M 3365 3M 3365
8 HEADER KEYBOARD CABLE, XP2L, 5"
14 14
front panel 13 13
12 12
11 11
10 10
9 9
8 8
Force Two Connectors/Cables

7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
BOLT TO CASE 3 3
XP3L XP3L 2 2
XP3L SYSTEM CABLE WL_REF 1 1
1 1
2 SV_OUT 2
3 PTT_A 3
4 ACOM 4
5 TRUE_REF 5
6 MIC_A 6
7 RADIO_R 7
8 SPARE 8
9 SPKR_R 9
10 SPKR_A 10
CON10 CON10
41pin connector fobp right