LTE TDD Air Interface

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NokiaEDU
LTE TDD Air Interface
LTE Radio Planning Essentials Course

RA4120 FL16A/TL16A

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Copyright and confidentiality

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Slide 5

RA4120 – Learning Elements list

Introduction & Roadmaps

LTE/EPS Overview
LTE Air Interface
Air Interface Overheads
RRM overview
LTE Link Budget
Cell Range (Coverage Planning)
Radio Capacity Planning
Nokia eNodeB LTE Solution
Initial Parameters Planning
LTE Performance Simulations

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Slide 6

Module Objectives

After completing this module, the participant will be able to:

• Describe the TDD LTE Air Interface Physical Layer
• Review the LTE Physical Channels
• List the frequency allocation alternatives for TDD LTE

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Slide 7

Module Contents

• LTE TDD Air Interface Physical Layer

• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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Module Contents

• LTE TDD Air Interface Physical Layer

• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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Slide 9

LTE Physical Layer Structure – Frame Structure (TDD)

Frame Type 2 (TS 36.211-900; 4.2)
• each radio frame consists of 2 half frames = 10 subframes = 10 ms (1 subframe = 1 ms)
• Half-frame = 5 ms = 5 Sub-frames of 1 ms
• UL-DL configurations with both 5 ms & 10 ms DL-to-UL switch-point periodicity are supported
• Special subframe with the 3 fields DwPTS, GP & UpPTS; length of DwPTS + UpPTS +GP = 1 subframe; (i.e. depending
on frame configuration one or two Special Subframes)
• DL / UL ratio can vary from 1/3 to 8/1 according to service requirements of the carrier

Radio Frame: 10ms

Half Frame: 5 ms
f
DwPTS

DwPTS
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF

UpPTS
UpPTS

UL/DL
GP

GP
carrier #0 #2 #3 #4 #5 #7 #8 #9

Subframe 1ms time

DwPTS: Downlink Pilot time Slot Downlink Subframe
UpPTS: Uplink Pilot Time Slot
Uplink Subframe
GP: Guard Period to separate between DL/UL
Special Subframe

DL or UL Subframe

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Slide 10

UL/DL Configurations
- TDD allows flexible bandwidth allocation between UL & DL to support asymmetric traffic
• The number of subframes dedicated to UL & DL within the 10ms frame can be adjusted
- 7 different frame configurations
• Chosen UL/DL Configuration should be the same across all cells of a network to avoid interference between
transmission directions (Rel.8 static or semi-static TDD system)
- Nokia RL55 supports Configuration 1 & 2:
• Configuration 1 DL:UL=2:2
• Configuration 2 DL:UL=3:1

Uplink- Downlink-to- Subframe number

downlink Uplink
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
configuratio Switch-point
n periodicity
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

Downlink Special U Uplink

D S

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Slide 11

Special Subframe Configuration

• This NEI Complex covers features which introduces new Special Subframe Configurations in TD-LTE RL55TD release:
- LTE1388: TDD Special Subframe Configuration 3 and 4
- LTE1467: TDD Special Subframe Configuration 9
• New Special Subframe Configurations gives higher downlink share (a bit higher DL throughput compared to existing
configurations) and more flexible choice in case of SSF in different technology co-existence network deployment

Normal CP (DL and UL) Extended CP (DL and UL)

Format [symbols] [symbols]

DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS

0 3 10 3 8
Newly introduced Special
Subframe Configurations. Not supported
1 9 4 8 3
1
SSF #9 introduced in 3GPP 2 10 3 1 9 2
Release 11
3 11 2 10 1
4 12 1 3 7
5 3 9 8 2 2
Not9supported Configurations
6 3 9 1
available since
7 10 2 2 - - - RL05TD
RL15TD
8 Not11supported
1 - - -
9 6 6 - - -

For 5ms periodicity subframe#6 is also

a special subframe (otherwise is normal)

SUBFRAME 1

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Slide 12

TD-LTE Downlink Peak Bit Rate- MAC Layer

•Condition:
- 20MHz bandwidth, total 100 PRBs allocated
- 2x2 MIMO (2 antennas for TX, 2 Antennas for RX)
- Maximum TB Size in normal DL subframe = 75376 bits
- Maximum TB Size in DwPTS = 55056 bits
MAC layer peak bit rate in different configurations:
- 2DL:2UL configuration, SF configuration 5 (75376x2x2)/5ms = 60.30 Mbps

- 2DL:2UL configuration, SF configuration 7 (75376x2x2+55056x2x1)/5ms = 82.32 Mbps

- 3DL:1UL configuration, SF configuration 5 (75376x2x3)/5ms = 90.45Mbps

- 3DL:1UL configuration, SF configuration 7 (75376x2x3+55056x2x1)/5ms = 112.47 Mbps

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Slide 13

Module Contents

• LTE TDD Air Interface Physical Layer

• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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Slide 14

Synchronization Signals allocation (DL)

• Synchronization signals:
– Occupy the central 62 Subcarriers (around the DC subcarrier) to facilitate the cell
search
– 5 Subcarriers above and 5 Subcarriers below the synch. Signals are reserved and
transmitted as DTx
– Synchronization Signals can indicate 504 (168 x 3) CellID (Physical Layer Cell
Identity) different values and from those the UE can determine the location of cell
specific Reference Signals
– PSS transmitted during the 3rd OFDM symbol in subframes 1 & 6 (“S” subframe)
– SSS transmitted during the last OFDM symbol in slots 1 & 11
SSS

PSS

Presentation / Author / Date

PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal

SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal

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BW for SCH＝（62＋10）*15=1.08MHz

The cell search is carried out in three steps: search for strongest cell, frame
synchronization/code group identification and scrambling code identification
Step 1 (Strongest cell): Depending on its radio capability the mobile station scans
for the strongest cell.
Step 2 (Slot synchronization / L1 id identification): Based on the correlation peaks
detected for the primary synchronization code, the mobile station detects the L1 id
(0,1 or 2). Furthermore it finds the start of the slot (0/10)..
Step 3 (Frame synchronization / Physical Layer Cell ID): The frame
synchronization and the group identification are achieved in this step. There are 168
possibilities for the secondary synchronization code word The terminal seeks the
codes that belongs to the particular group id. Each code group consists of three id's.
Together there are 504 different physical layer cell id's.

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Slide 15

UE-Specific Reference Signals

UE-specific Reference Signals (RS):

- may be transmitted in addition to the cell-specific RSs.
- embedded only in the PDSCH RBs of specifically configured UEs (e.g. for Beam forming)
- The UE is informed by higher layers whether the UE-specific reference signal is present and is a valid
reference for PDSCH demodulation or not
- are required in case of Beam forming to demodulate the beam formed data coherently
- on Antenna Port 5 for single-antenna-port transmission of PDSCH (Tx Mode 7: Single-stream Beam
forming)
- on Antenna Port 7 & 8 for Dual-Layer Beam forming (3GPP Rel. 9; Tx Mode 8)

R5 R5
Example: For more detailed information
Mapping of UE-specific R5 R5 according to UE specific
RSs, Antenna Port 5 Reference Signals and their
(normal CP) R5 R5 position see: TS 36.211; 6.10.

R5 R5

R5 R5

R5 R5
l0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots

Antenna port 5

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Slide 16

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

- PRACH operation on 1.08 MHz bandwidth (6 RBs).
- Location of those resource blocks is dynamically defined by 2 RRC Layer Parameters
(PRACH Configuration Index & PRACH Frequency offset)
- 5 PRACH types:
• Type 0 – 3 common for FDD & TDD (1 – 3 ms duration)
• Type 4 is TDD only; placed in UpPTS; 2 OFDM symbol duration only (small cell
radius up to 1.5 km)

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Slide 17

Module Contents

• LTE TDD Air Interface Physical Layer

• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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Slide 18

LTE Frequency Variants - TDD

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Slide 19

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