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Lesson 3 Patterns of Development

The document provides an overview of different patterns of development that can be used to organize written work, including narration, description, definition, exemplification/classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution. It discusses the purpose and key components of each pattern and gives examples of how they are commonly used.

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Jensen Malveda
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
157 views

Lesson 3 Patterns of Development

The document provides an overview of different patterns of development that can be used to organize written work, including narration, description, definition, exemplification/classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution. It discusses the purpose and key components of each pattern and gives examples of how they are commonly used.

Uploaded by

Jensen Malveda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Patterns of
Development
Activity
3

Activity Guided by the clues,


identify the aim used by
the following statements:
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N_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NARRATION
Baking and sharing Christmas
cookies is my favorite holiday
tradition.
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D_ _ C _ _ P _ _ _ N
DESCRIPTION
The table at my grandmother's
Thanksgiving dinner is covered
with delicious, great smelling,
and colorful holiday dishes.
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D_ _ I _ _T _ _ N
DEFINITION
A pizza is a flat bread, which
may be covered with tomato
sauce, cheeses, and a variety of
toppings.
COMPARISON
CO_ _A _ _ _ _ _
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& &CONTRAST
_ _NT_ _ _ _
Real Italian food, the kind that
is eaten in Italy, is very
different from American Italian
food.
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C_ _S_ _ _ _CA_
CLASSIFICATION _ _ _

Although traditionally pizza is an


Italian dish, Greek pizza, Mexican
pizza, and Hawaiian are becoming
increasingly popular.
CAUSE
_ _U_ _&
& EFFECT
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E__E__
Italian food in Italy is very
different from American Italian
food because of regional
variations and because of
availability of ingredients.
PROBLEM &
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_ _ _ _L_ _ & _ OL_ _ _ _ _


SOLUTION
Because we lack ingredients in the
house, my mother decided to buy
some from the supermarket.
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Patterns of
Development
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• help us sort out information


and shape paragraphs or
essays
• help organize an outline
• can determine the form that a
paper will take
“
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Remember that most paper will


use a combination of methods,
working together in function of
each other
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1. Narration
2. Description
3. Definition
4. Exemplification/ classification
5. Comparison & constrast
6. Cause & Effect
7. Problem & solution
8. Persuasion
1.
Narration
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○ tells a story
○ relates an incident or a
Narration
series of events that leads
to a conclusion or ending
○ tells the readers when,
where, and what happened
A narrative
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paragraph contains
Narration
action verbs and
transition words that
indicate time or
sequence
pattern tells
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○ what happened,

Narration ○ how it happened,

○ why it happened,

○ where it happened,

○ when it happened, and/or

○ who was involved


To signal time or sequence order:
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○ First, second, etc.


Transition ○ After, next, then, eventually, soon
Words Meanwhile, a short time later, during,
○ at the same time, simultaneously
○ suddenly, instantly, momentarily, The
next day, following, thereafter
○ In the end, ultimately
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○ usually used in the


Narration humanities.
○ In a writing class, for
instance, you can write
about a particular event or
situation
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We find narratives everywhere:


- biographies - letters
-speeches - histories
- diaries - sermons
- news stories - journals
- novels - television shows
2.
Description
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○ gives information of what a


person, an object, a place,
Description
or a situation is like.
○ appeals to the reader’s
senses; it makes the reader
see, hear, taste, smell, or
feel the subject
A descriptive paragraph
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has concrete and specific


Description
details, which are
carefully chosen by a
writer to paint a picture
in the mind of the
reader.
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○ Literary analyses
Examples ○ descriptive essays
○ business plans
○ lab reports
○ research papers
3.
Definition
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○ explains a concept, term, or


subject.
Definition
○ Its main purpose is to tell
what something is.
(1) the term, concept, or
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○

subject to be defined;
Parts ○ (2) the general class to
which it belongs, and
○ (3) the characteristics that
differentiate it from the
other members of its class.
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○ commonly used in the


Definition sciences, humanities,
and business
4.
Exemplification
/ Classification
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○ one of the most common


Exemplification
and effective ways to show
or explain an idea or point
(e.g., observation, opinion,
belief).
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○ the main idea is explained


Exemplification
by giving an extended
example or a series of
detailed examples
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○ Argumentative and
Examples
(Often used exemplification essays,
in) feature articles,
reviews, reports, and
case studies
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○ refers to sorting or
Classification
arranging subjects (e.g.,
persons, places, things,
ideas) into groups or
categories according to
their common or shared
characteristic.
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○ The subjects can be


Classification
grouped in many different
ways depending on your
purpose.
○ The group or category
should have a single basis
of classification
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○ Classifying historical events
Examples by year,
(Often used ○ popular TV shows by genre,
in) ○ diseases based on mode of
transmission,
○ cleaning products based on
manufacturer, and
○ animals based on habitat
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○ You can use both
exemplification and
Usage classification in developing a
paragraph.
○ You can begin by classifying
some ideas and then explain
each idea by giving examples
5.
Comparison and
Contrast
39

○ common in writing in many


Comparison & academic disciplines like
Contrast the humanities, sciences,
and business
40

○ A paragraph developed by
Comparison & comparison and contrast has
Contrast a unifying idea or purpose.
○ It must be balanced in such a
way that there is an equal
amount of information for
each subject to avoid bias.
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○ character analyses;
○ various kinds of essays;
Usage ○ political science, sociology,
and historical papers;
○ lab reports;
○ progress reports;
○ book and film reviews; and
○ marketing campaigns
6.
Cause & Effect
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○ A cause is simply “why


something happens,” and
Cause & Effect
an effect is “what happens.”
○ the writer can explain how
an event or action leads to
another.
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○ as a result
○ accordingly
Signal Words ○ because of (this)
○ due to (this)
○ Consequently
○ hence/therefore/thus.
7.
Problem &
Solution
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○ A problem in general is an
unsatisfactory situation that
Problem &
causes troubles or difficulties
Solution
○ Therefore, it needs a solution,
a way to deal with the situation
so that the troubles or
difficulties are removed
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○ used to deal with topics that


Problem & pose problems and present
Solution solutions in a logical manner.
8.
Persuasion
49

○ A persuasive paragraph
intends to convince readers to
Persuasion do or believe in something
○ strong use of persuasive
paragraphs to state opinions
and to influence others
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○ Knowing how to write a


persuasive paragraph allows
Persuasion you to express your personal
conviction or opinion about an
issue or topic and make the
readers agree with or adopt
your conviction or opinion.
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○ critiques or reviews,
○ reaction papers,
Usage
○ editorials,
○ proposals,
○ advertisements, and
brochures
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Thanks!
Any questions?
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