Lesson 3

Patterns of
Development
Activity
 3

Activity Guided by the clues,

identify the aim used by
the following statements:
 4

N_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NARRATION
Baking and sharing Christmas
cookies is my favorite holiday
tradition.
 5

D_ _ C _ _ P _ _ _ N
DESCRIPTION
The table at my grandmother's
Thanksgiving dinner is covered
with delicious, great smelling,
and colorful holiday dishes.
 6

D_ _ I _ _T _ _ N
DEFINITION
A pizza is a flat bread, which
may be covered with tomato
sauce, cheeses, and a variety of
toppings.
 COMPARISON
CO_ _A _ _ _ _ _
7

& &CONTRAST
_ _NT_ _ _ _
Real Italian food, the kind that
is eaten in Italy, is very
different from American Italian
food.
 8

C_ _S_ _ _ _CA_
CLASSIFICATION _ _ _

Although traditionally pizza is an

Italian dish, Greek pizza, Mexican
pizza, and Hawaiian are becoming
increasingly popular.
 CAUSE
_ _U_ _&
& EFFECT
9

E__E__
Italian food in Italy is very
different from American Italian
food because of regional
variations and because of
availability of ingredients.
 PROBLEM &
10

_ _ _ _L_ _ & _ OL_ _ _ _ _

SOLUTION
Because we lack ingredients in the
house, my mother decided to buy
some from the supermarket.
 11

Patterns of
Development
 12

• help us sort out information

and shape paragraphs or
essays
• help organize an outline
• can determine the form that a
paper will take
 “
13

Remember that most paper will

use a combination of methods,
working together in function of
each other
 14
1. Narration
2. Description
3. Definition
4. Exemplification/ classification
5. Comparison & constrast
6. Cause & Effect
7. Problem & solution
8. Persuasion
 1.
Narration
 16

○ tells a story
○ relates an incident or a
Narration
series of events that leads
to a conclusion or ending
○ tells the readers when,
where, and what happened
 A narrative
17

paragraph contains
Narration
action verbs and
transition words that
indicate time or
sequence
 pattern tells
18

○ what happened,

Narration ○ how it happened,

○ why it happened,

○ where it happened,

○ when it happened, and/or

○ who was involved

 To signal time or sequence order:
19

○ First, second, etc.

Transition ○ After, next, then, eventually, soon
Words Meanwhile, a short time later, during,
○ at the same time, simultaneously
○ suddenly, instantly, momentarily, The
next day, following, thereafter
○ In the end, ultimately
 20

○ usually used in the

Narration humanities.
○ In a writing class, for
instance, you can write
about a particular event or
situation
 21

We find narratives everywhere:

- biographies - letters
-speeches - histories
- diaries - sermons
- news stories - journals
- novels - television shows
 2.
Description
 23

○ gives information of what a

person, an object, a place,
Description
or a situation is like.
○ appeals to the reader’s
senses; it makes the reader
see, hear, taste, smell, or
feel the subject
 A descriptive paragraph
24

has concrete and specific

Description
details, which are
carefully chosen by a
writer to paint a picture
in the mind of the
reader.
 25

○ Literary analyses
Examples ○ descriptive essays
○ business plans
○ lab reports
○ research papers
 3.
Definition
 27

○ explains a concept, term, or

subject.
Definition
○ Its main purpose is to tell
what something is.
 (1) the term, concept, or
28
○

subject to be defined;
Parts ○ (2) the general class to
which it belongs, and
○ (3) the characteristics that
differentiate it from the
other members of its class.
 29

○ commonly used in the

Definition sciences, humanities,
and business
 4.
Exemplification
/ Classification
 31

○ one of the most common

Exemplification
and effective ways to show
or explain an idea or point
(e.g., observation, opinion,
belief).
 32

○ the main idea is explained

Exemplification
by giving an extended
example or a series of
detailed examples
 33

○ Argumentative and
Examples
(Often used exemplification essays,
in) feature articles,
reviews, reports, and
case studies
 34

○ refers to sorting or
Classification
arranging subjects (e.g.,
persons, places, things,
ideas) into groups or
categories according to
their common or shared
characteristic.
 35

○ The subjects can be

Classification
grouped in many different
ways depending on your
purpose.
○ The group or category
should have a single basis
of classification
 36
○ Classifying historical events
Examples by year,
(Often used ○ popular TV shows by genre,
in) ○ diseases based on mode of
transmission,
○ cleaning products based on
manufacturer, and
○ animals based on habitat
 37
○ You can use both
exemplification and
Usage classification in developing a
paragraph.
○ You can begin by classifying
some ideas and then explain
each idea by giving examples
 5.
Comparison and
Contrast
 39

○ common in writing in many

Comparison & academic disciplines like
Contrast the humanities, sciences,
and business
 40

○ A paragraph developed by
Comparison & comparison and contrast has
Contrast a unifying idea or purpose.
○ It must be balanced in such a
way that there is an equal
amount of information for
each subject to avoid bias.
 41
○ character analyses;
○ various kinds of essays;
Usage ○ political science, sociology,
and historical papers;
○ lab reports;
○ progress reports;
○ book and film reviews; and
○ marketing campaigns
 6.
Cause & Effect
 43

○ A cause is simply “why

something happens,” and
Cause & Effect
an effect is “what happens.”
○ the writer can explain how
an event or action leads to
another.
 44

○ as a result
○ accordingly
Signal Words ○ because of (this)
○ due to (this)
○ Consequently
○ hence/therefore/thus.
 7.
Problem &
Solution
 46

○ A problem in general is an
unsatisfactory situation that
Problem &
causes troubles or difficulties
Solution
○ Therefore, it needs a solution,
a way to deal with the situation
so that the troubles or
difficulties are removed
 47

○ used to deal with topics that

Problem & pose problems and present
Solution solutions in a logical manner.
 8.
Persuasion
 49

○ A persuasive paragraph
intends to convince readers to
Persuasion do or believe in something
○ strong use of persuasive
paragraphs to state opinions
and to influence others
 50

○ Knowing how to write a

persuasive paragraph allows
Persuasion you to express your personal
conviction or opinion about an
issue or topic and make the
readers agree with or adopt
your conviction or opinion.
 51

○ critiques or reviews,
○ reaction papers,
Usage
○ editorials,
○ proposals,
○ advertisements, and
brochures
 52

Thanks!
Any questions?
53
54
55
56
 57

Free templates for all your presentation needs

For PowerPoint and 100% free for personal Ready to use, Blow your audience
Google Slides or commercial use professional and away with attractive
customizable visuals