Virtualization with (KVM)
Kernel-based Virtual Machine
Thomas Korber Bruce Rogers
Consultant and Trainer Consulting Software Engineer
B1 Systems GmbH Novell, Inc.
[email protected] [email protected] KVM
First release in early 2007
Originally developed by Qumranet
Included in Linux kernel release 2.6.20
GPL v2
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KVM – Full Virtualization
• Relies on AMD's AMD-V or Intel's VT-x
virtualization technologies
• Implemented as kernel modules
– kvm.ko: provides virtualization infrastructure
– kvm_amd.ko and kvm_intel.ko: hardware platform specific
modules for the hardware virtualization technologies
• => Vanilla Linux kernel becomes virtual machine
monitor, which can use any kernel infrastructure
without modifications
• => KVM virtual machines become regular
user-space processes
3 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
KVM Architecture
Adds “Guest Mode” to Traditional Kernel and User Modes
Guest Userspace
Processes
Userspace Userspace Guest Kernel
Process Process ... (e.g. Linux Kernel)
QEMU-KVM
Linux Kernel
KVM (Module)
Hardware Support,
vitualization technologies for x86
(AMD-V/ Intel-VT)
4 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Source: “Virtualization with KVM” training, B1 Systems GmbH
Supported Hardware
Any i386/x86_64 CPUs that have AMD-V or VT-x:
=> Almost any server CPU sold in the last couple years
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Supported Hardware (Continued)
Utilizes the following additional hardware
virtualization features:
VPID / ASID
VT-d/IOMMU
HAP (EPT/NTP)
VMX Unrestricted Guest
SR-IOV
6 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
QEMU
• Community project founded in 2003
• Emulates PC hardware and CPUs
• Since v 0.10.0 support for KVM VMM
• Modified qemu-kvm is user space tool for KVM
• Communication with KVM via /dev/kvm
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KVM Features
Supports 32 and 64 bit guests (on 64 bit hosts)
Supports hardware virtualization features
Paravirtualized drivers (virtio): blk, net, clock, balloon
Snapshots
Delta images of virtual machines
PCI passthrough
Kernel samepage merging
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KVM Features (continued)
Sound support
CPU, memory and disk over-commit
Live migration
CPU and device hotplug
Non-kvm (emulation only) mode
PXE boot
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KVM - Supported Guest Systems
Solaris, OpenSolaris Linux
BSD
Windows BSD Unix
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KVM Guests Supported by Novell (I) ®
Linux - both 32 and 64 bit
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1
(level 3 supported)
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3
(level 3 supported)
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 SP4
(level 3 supported)
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP1
(technical preview)
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (best effort)
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (best effort)
11 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
KVM Guests Supported by Novell (II) ®
Microsoft Windows – both 32 and 64 bit
(“best effort” support only)
• Microsoft Windows 2003 SP2+ plus PV drivers
• Microsoft Windows 2008+ plus PV drivers
• Microsoft Windows XP SP3+ plus PV drivers
• Microsoft Windows Vista SP1+ plus PV drivers
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Supported Limits
Host RAM and CPU limits are the same
with or without kvm modules loaded
Guest RAM size: 512 GB
Virtual CPUs per guest: 16
NICs per guest: 8
Block devices per guest: 4 emulated,
20 para-virtual (virtio-blk)
Maximum number of guests: total vCPUs
<= 8 times total CPU cores in Host
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Xen and KVM: A Comparison
Xen KVM
• VMM implementation of • Kernel module
its own; hypervisor
• Kernel as I/O dispatcher
and management domain • Uses kernel as VMM
• Maintained and supported
as a patch to mainline • In upstream kernel
kernel by Novell ®
• Supports fully virtualized
and paravirtualized Vms • Only supports fully
virtualized VMs
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Virtualization in SUSE Linux ®
Enterprise Server 11 SP1
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1 will ship with
both virtualization solutions (KVM and Xen)
• Xen is the primary solution, being the proven
enterprise-ready open source hypervisor
• Long term, Novell expects KVM eventually to
®
become equivalent to Xen
• Toolset shipped in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
SP1 supports both Xen and KVM
15 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Setting up KVM on
SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 SP1
®
Demo Setup
• Storage server and installation source:
– SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 GA x86_64
®
– Logical volume as iSCSI target for OCFS2 file system
– Installation sources (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1
Beta5 and SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension
Server 11 SP1 Beta5) exported via HTTP
• 2 KVM hosts
– SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1 Beta5 x86_64
– Logical volume for DRBD; DRBD primary/primary setup
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Demo Setup – Shared Storage
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3
FC or iSCSI
OCFS2
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Demo Setup – Replicated Storage
Node 1 Node 2
TCP/IP
DRBD
Local Disk Local Disk
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Packages
• KVM, libvirt and virt-manager as GUI
zypper in kvm virt-manager
• (optional) packages for shared storage:
– server: iscsitarget
– KVM hosts: open-iscsi, ocfs2-tools,
ocfs2-tools-o2cb
or
– KVM hosts: drbd, drbd-kmp-default
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iSCSI Setup
• Storage Server:
storage:~ # cat /etc/ietd.conf | grep -v "#"
Target iqn.2009-11.b1-systems.de:lv_share
Lun 0 Path=/dev/vg_system/lv_share,Type=fileio
• KVM Hosts:
node1:~ # iscsiadm -m discovery -tst -p storage
192.168.2.35:3260,1 iqn.2009-11.b1-
systems.de:lv_share
node1:~ # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2009-11.b1-
systems.de:lv_share -p 192.168.2.35 -l
21 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRBD Setup - /etc/drbd.conf (I)
Create /etc/drbd.conf and have the identical file on both nodes
node1:~ # cat /etc/drbd.conf
global {
usage-count no;
}
resource r0 {
protocol C;
syncer { rate 40M; }
net {
allow-two-primaries;
}
startup {
become-primary-on both;
}
22 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRBD Setup - /etc/drbd.conf (II)
on node1 {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/mapper/storage-lv_drbd;
address 192.168.2.31:7791;
meta-disk internal;
}
on node2 {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/mapper/storage-lv_drbd;
address 192.168.2.32:7791;
meta-disk internal;
}
}
23 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
DRBD Setup
On both nodes:
node1:~ # modprobe drbd && rcdrbd start
node1:~ # drbdadm create r0
On first node:
node1:~ # drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer
primary r0
On second node:
node1:~ # drbdadm primary r0
On either node:
node1:~ # cat /proc/drbd
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OCFS2 Setup (I)
node1:~ # vi /etc/ocfs2/cluster.conf
node:
name = node1
cluster = ocfs2
number = 0
ip_address = 192.168.2.31
ip_port = 7777
node:
name = node2
cluster = ocfs2
number = 1
ip_address = 192.168.2.32
ip_port = 7777
cluster:
name = ocfs2
node_count = 2
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OCFS2 Setup (II)
node1:~ # rco2cb configure
Configuring the O2CB driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the O2CB driver.
Load O2CB driver on boot (y/n) [y]:
Cluster stack backing O2CB [o2cb]:
Cluster to start on boot (Enter "none" to clear) [ocfs2]:
Specify heartbeat dead threshold (>=7) [31]:
Specify network idle timeout in ms (>=5000) [30000]:
Specify network keepalive delay in ms (>=1000) [2000]:
Specify network reconnect delay in ms (>=2000) [2000]:
Writing O2CB configuration: OK
Loading filesystem "configfs": OK
Mounting configfs filesystem at /sys/kernel/config: OK
Loading stack plugin "o2cb": OK
Loading filesystem "ocfs2_dlmfs": OK
Mounting ocfs2_dlmfs filesystem at /dlm: OK
Setting cluster stack "o2cb": OK
Starting O2CB cluster ocfs2: OK
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OCFS2 Setup (III) - iSCSI
node1:~ # mkfs.ocfs2 /dev/disk/by-
path/ip-192.168.2.35\:3260-iscsi-
iqn.2009-11.b1-systems.de\:lv_share-lun-0
On both nodes:
node1:~ # mount /dev/disk/by-path/ip-
192.168.2.35\:3260-iscsi-iqn.2009-11.b1-
systems.de\:lv_share-lun-0
/var/lib/kvm/images/
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OCFS2 Setup (IV) - DRBD
node1:~ # mkfs.ocfs2 /dev/drbd0
On both nodes:
node1:~ # mount /dev/drbd0 \
/var/lib/kvm/images
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KVM VM Installation – GUI
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KVM VM Installation: CLI
• qemu-img create \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_raw_disk1.img 5G
• qemu-kvm -hda \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_raw_disk1.img \
-cdrom /srv/isos/SLES-11-DVD-x86_64-GM-DVD1.iso \
-boot d -m 512
[installation of a “physical computer”]
• qemu-kvm -hda \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_raw_disk1.img -m 512
30 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
KVM – Installation With vm-install
Unattended installation:
vm-install --background --vm-
settings=/foo/bar/vm-template.xml --os-
settings=/foo/bar/autoinst.xml …
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KVM – Networking
• Usermode network stack
– Default setup
– No root permissions needed
– Integrated DHCP, DNS, SMB and DNS
• TAP device
• Bridged mode
(comparable to default Xen network setup)
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KVM – Networking (II)
Example: bridged setup
node1:~ # cat
/etc/libvirt/qemu/sles11.xml
cat
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<network>
<name>default</name>
[...]
<bridge name="br0" />
[...]
</network>
33 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
KVM – Selected Image Formats
Name Compression Snapshot Encryption Deltas
raw
qcow2
X X X X
vmdk
X
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KVM – Converting, Compressing
and Encrypting Images
• qemu-img convert -O qcow2 \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_raw_disk1.img \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_qcow2_disk1.img
• qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_qcow2_disk1.img \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_qcow2_compr_disk1.img
• qemu-img convert -e -O qcow2 \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_qcow2_compr_disk1.img \
/var/lib/kvm/images/sles11_qcow2_compr_encr_disk1.img
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Virt-Manager – Hardware
Configuration
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KVM – Snapshots
• qemu-img snapshot -l image.img
• qemu-img snapshot -a snapshot image.img
• qemu-img snapshot -c snapshot image.img
• qemu-img snapshot -d snapshot image.img
37 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
KVM – Live Migration
• CLI:
qemu-kvm -incoming tcp:0:4444
(qemu) migrate -d tcp:192.168.3.34:4444
• Via libvirt and virt-manger instances
38 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Demo
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