11/12

DRRR
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Concept of Disaster
DRRR– Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Concept of Disaster

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Divine Soneja

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Ma. Claudette C. Borrega
Jezrahel T. Omadto

Reviewers: Jezrahel T. Omadto

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Imee S. Gabion
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Layout Artist: Divine Soneja

Explain the Meaning of Disaster
DRR11/12-Ia-b-1
 Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

LESSON
Concept of Disaster

Living in this world where anything can happen

anytime is terrifying. We cannot deny the fact that the
civilization we have right now is shaped by countless
disasters. Even we, have encountered it ourselves, and how
we react to them can have a great impact in our life.
In this module, you will learn important concept about disaster.

At the end of the module you should be able to:

• Explain the meaning of disaster

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each

item. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of natural hazard?

A. tornado C. car accident
B. hurricane D. earthquakes

2. Which of the following statements about natural hazards is NOT TRUE?

A. Hazards become disasters when they harm many people.
B. Some hazards can be predicted, but usually can’t be stopped.
C. Hazards are natural processes that harm people on a regular basis.
D. Hazards are natural processes that can be dangerous, but have not yet
caused damage.

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 3. A natural disaster occurs when a natural hazard ….
A. impacts everyday life for humans.
B. poses a danger to any part of the earth.
C. changes the physical features of the earth.
D. causes major damage and harms humans.
4. An event that produces greater loss than a community can handle, including
casualties, property damage, and significant environmental damage is called ….
A. facility C. disaster
B. mitigation D. resource
5. An inherent weakness in a system or its operating environment that may be exploited
to cause harm to the system is called ….
A. risk C. hazard
B. vulnerability D. response

NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

Directions: Create a catchy and interesting headline

about the content or the topic. Be sure that the headline
is NOT misleading. Choose one topic from the four boxes
below. Write a truthful news article about the headlines after researching,
reading and analyzing the topic of your choice. Use the template that follows.
1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo

1996 Ozone Disco Fire

Super Typhoon Yolanda

Coronavirus Disease 2019

Write the headline on top and the article below.

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 Directions:
Answer the following questions by analyzing each picture.

The Philippine Star. Photos courtesy of

Eunice Magat. pic.twitter.com/hD1kReigdG -
https://mobile.twitter.com/PhilippineStar/statu
s/1216300782808514560/photo/I
Volcanic Eruption

How to Prepare for, Respond to, and Measure a Crisis -

http://painepublishing.com/measurementadvisor/wp-
content/uploads/sites/4/2016/04/crisis-flood.jpg

Typhoon Haiyan
Organizational Response to the July 1990
Did post-Haiyan disaster relief boost fishing Luzon Earthquake Disaster -
pressure? - https://physicsworld.com/wp- http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/1990
content/uploads/2019/07/Haiyan_Nov_7_201 LuzonEQ_Monograph/pp239/pp239_240.ht
3_1345Z_Borderless.png ml

1. What do the following pictures in SET A have in common?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Battle of Marawi – Fernandez, Paolo. Guimaras Oil Spill

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: (www.emaze)
Bombing_on_Marawi_City.jpg https://www.emaze.com/%40ALOFWQ
QF&ved=2ahUKEwihkdaSj8LqAhWxyos

10 Worst Man Made Disaster of All Nuclear Explosion

Time by Glitzyworld Staff - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operatio
https://www.glitzyworld.com/wp- n_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg
content/uploads/2016/11/BHopal-
Gas-Tragedy.jpg
2. What do the following pictures in SET B have in common?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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3. Are the effects of the pictures in Sets A and B similar? What are this effects? Can the
photos in sets A and B be considered as disasters?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the difference between Sets A and B photos in terms of what caused them?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Disaster
Disaster is often used and related to an undesirable event or a bad experience. It is
common to hear “What a disaster!” from someone who is facing a difficult situation. What really
is a disaster and how is it related to hazard and vulnerability.
Mistakenly, we call storms, floods, earthquakes, explosions, pandemics, and many
more as disasters, but they really are just events called “hazards” that can be categorized as
to natural or man-made.

In technical settings, hazards are

What is hazard? described quantitatively by the likely
frequency of occurrence of different
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human intensities for different areas, as
activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other determined from historical data or
negative health impacts, property damage, loss of scientific analysis.
livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
There are many aspects of vulnerability,
arising from various physical, social, economic, and
What is vulnerability?
environmental factors. Examples may include poor
The characteristics and circumstances design and construction of buildings, inadequate
of a community, system or asset that make it protection of assets, lack of public information and
susceptible (easily affected by) to the awareness, limited official recognition of risks and
damaging effects of a hazard. preparedness measures, and disregard for wise
environmental management.

If the hazard is present but have not yet interacted with the vulnerable entities like
people or structure, the damage and losses that will probably happen are called risk, meaning
a disaster haven’t occurred yet, still they are being foreseen already.

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What is risk?
The probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss of lives, people injured,
livelihoods, disruption of economic activities and damages to the environment as a result of
interactions between natural or human induced hazards and vulnerable/ capable conditions.
How does a hazard become a disaster?
Extreme natural events (hazards) do not necessarily turn into disasters. The World
Risk Report shows that the disaster risk is always made up of two components: exposure to
natural hazards and climate change, and social vulnerability.

Weakness in the
system that makes
the impact of the
disaster greater.

Relationship between hazard, disaster, and vulnerability

(a) No hazard or disaster

Human activities and physical

processes do not interact and
there is no hazard or disaster
(e.g. a volcanic eruption on a
remote unpopulated island, or a
landslide in an unsettled area).

(b) Disaster

If the geophysical hazard and human

activity are closer together, a disaster can
result.
The more severe the geophysical event
and/or the more vulnerable the human
population, the more the two overlap and
the larger the disaster.

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 Disasters are often described as a result
What is disaster? of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the
A serious disruption of the functioning conditions of vulnerability that are present; and
of a community or a society involving insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope
widespread human, material, economic or with the potential negative consequences. Disaster
environmental losses and impacts, which impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and
exceeds the ability of the affected community other negative effects on human physical, mental
or society to cope using its own resources. and social well-being, together with damage to
property, destruction of assets, loss of services,
social and economic disruption and environmental
degradation.

The following definitions of hazard, vulnerability, and disaster are as defined by the
United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)

Directions: Use the picture on the left to identify which is the hazard, and which is the
vulnerability. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. The hazard is/are ____________________________

__________________________________________.

2. The vulnerability is/are ________________________

__________________________________________.

3.Since the hazard and the vulnerability have not

interacted yet this can be considered as a ________.

4. In the event where the hazard had already hit

the exposed vulnerability it is said to have
generated _____________________________.

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 Congratulations on finishing the supplementary
learning module! You have just had an amazing learning
journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the
succeeding modules.
This time, share your thoughts/feelings about a certain event that happened to
you and your family that you considered to have had an effect on you as a person,
by completing the following sentence.

I remembered when _____________________________________________.

______________________________________________________________.

1. Watch this video about disaster.

https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC8gnIsed8PJInwURyacjzzA

Directions: Explain your opinions, views, perspective as

to why should the coronavirus 2019 be considered a
disaster.

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The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- is an infectious disease caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new strain of virus first detected in
Wuhan, China in 2019.
Disaster- natural or man-made emergencies that cannot be handled by affected communities
who experience severe danger and incur loss of lives and properties causing disruption in its
social structure and prevention of the fulfillment of all or some of the affected community’s
essential functions.
Disaster Impact- actual hazard event or its immediate consequences requiring extraordinary
response.
Geophysical- deals with the physics of the Earth, including weather, winds, tides,
earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. and their effect on the planet Earth.
Hazard- any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to humans
and their environment. Or an event or occurrence that has the potential for causing injury to
life, property and environment.
Man-made hazard- hazard caused by human action or inaction.
Natural hazard- elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and caused by forces
extraneous to him; is an extreme event that occurs naturally and causes harm to humans.
Pandemics- a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents.
Risk- the expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption
of economic activity due to natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of specific risk
and elements at risk.
Susceptible- easily affected, influenced, or harmed by something.
Vulnerability- factors of the community that allow a hazard to cause a disaster. Or the result
of several factors that increase the chances of a community being unable to cope with an
emergency.

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TRY THIS
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. B
DO THIS

It will be checked using the following criteria

15% style of writing
25% coherence of idea
50% important information are included
10% input of own opinion on the topic selected

EXPLORE
1. All of them are naturally occurring in the environment.
2. They happened due to the action of man, some intended while other happened due to
undesirable activities.
3. They all caused great fear, and destroys a lot of materials, and even result to casualties,
among others, thus they can be considered as disaster.
4. Set A falls under the category of natural hazards while Set B falls under the category of
man-made hazards.

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. The big boulders of rocks on top of the mountain.

2. School employees and students, location of the school, building conditions, warning
signals
3. risk
4. disaster

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Coronavirus 2019 a Disaster

• If you are going to consider the way that the CoViD-19 has affected
everybody from over all the world, it was very evident to every sector of
the society, how the government seeks help from the international

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 sectors, and mostly how our life was turned upside-down especially when
the pandemic was just starting and everything scared to death.
• Covid-19 may be considered as a disaster, the current pandemic consists
of a series of calamitous events, resulting in the death and harm of many
people and causing great human suffering and distress, thereby resulting
in serious disruption of the societies' functioning, with the cancellation of
gatherings, closure of non-essential businesses, shift to online education,
and curfew measures.
• When analyzing a potential disaster, the emphasis is on the
consequence, but not on the characterization of an event.

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Books
Pareῆa, J. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Website
Lagundino, Diana Jane. “Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk.” June 11, 2018.
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/381502394/1-Module-1-Basic-Concept-of-Disaster-and-
Disaster-Risk
Sharma, Tanvi. “Top 10 Most Severe Man Made Disasters of all Time.” September 8, 2013.
http://listcrown.com/10-most-severe-man-made-disasters/
Tumblr.com “The Bhopal Disaster --- The Worst Industrial Accident in History.” Posted May
12, 2019. https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/bhopal+disaster
Paine, Katie. “How to Prepare for, Respond to, and Measure a Crisis.” April 6, 2016.
http://painepublishing.com/measurementadvisor/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2016/04/crisis-
flood.jpg
Ravilious, Kate. Physicsworld.2019. “Did post-Haiyan disaster relief boost fishing pressure?.”
July 15, 2019. https://physicsworld.com/a/did-post-haiyan-disaster-relief-boost-fishing-
pressure
Wikipedia. “Battle of Marawi.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marawi
NBC News. “Philippines to get more help with oil spill.” August 28, 2006.
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/14555501/ns/world_news-world_environment/t/philippines-get-
more-help-oil-spill/
Glitzyworld. 2019. “10 Worst Man Made Disaster of All Time.” -
https://www.glitzyworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/BHopal-Gas-Tragedy.jpg
“Operation Upshot – Knothole nuclear test series.” April18, 1953.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg

YouTube
LearnFatafat. 2020. “Disaster Management/ Disaster Types and Effects.” February 6, 2020.
4:30 minutes. https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC8gnIsed8PJInwURyacjzzA

Teaching Guide for Senior High School

Commission on Higher Education in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University. 2016.
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City: Commission
on Higher Education,

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