2018 NDS

2/3/2020
Significant Wood Design and Construction

Changes to the 2018 IBC and NDS-BCD121
Michelle Kam-Biron, P.E., S.E., S.E.C.B Lori Koch, P.E.

Senior Director, Education Manager, Educational Outreach
American Wood Council American Wood Council
Copyright
This presentation is protected by US and

International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of the
presentation without written permission of
AWC is prohibited.
© American Wood Council 2020
Significant Wood Design and Construction Changes to the 2018 IBC and NDS

1
2/3/2020
The American Wood Council is a

Registered Provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems (AIA/CES), Provider # 50111237.
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course
will be reported to AIA CES for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for both
AIA members and non-AIA members are
available upon request.
Participants may download the This course is registered with AIA CES for
continuing professional education. As such, it
presentation here: does not include content that may be
http://www.awc.org/education/resou deemed or construed to be an approval or
rces endorsement by the AIA of any material of
construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in
any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.
Course Description
The 2018 International Building Code (IBC) published by

the International Code Council and the National Design
Specification® (NDS) for Wood Construction
published by the American Wood Council are both now
available. This presentation will provide an overview of
the significant changes to wood design and construction
provisions relative to previous editions and include design
examples. Most of the changes in the NDS are a result of
the adoption of the ASCE/SEI Standard 7-16 Minimum
Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and
Other Structures which includes increased wind loads.

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2/3/2020
Learning Objectives
Upon completion, participants will be better able to identify:
1 NDS Changes 3 Fasteners

Identify changes in the 2018 IBC and NDS Identify new fastener provisions developed
to address increased wind loads
2 ASCE 7-16 4 Nail Design

Identify wind load increases in ASCE 7-16 Design nails for withdrawal and head pull-
that affect wood design and construction through to resist new wind loads
Polling Question
1. What is your profession?
a. Architect
b. Engineer
c. Code Official
d. Fire Service
e. Builder/Manufacturer/Other

3
2/3/2020
IBC
2018
• Exterior Balconies
• Fire Retardant Treated Wood
• Heavy Timber & Mass Timber
• Construction Type
Significant Wood Design and Construction Changes to the 2018 IBC and NDS 7
NDS History
1944 1977 2001
1962 1982 2005
1968 1986 2012
1971 1991 2015
1973 1997 2018
2015

4
2/3/2020
ANSI ACCREDITATION
AWC – ANSI-accredited standards developer
• Consensus Body
• Wood Design Standards Committee
NAVIGATING THE IBC
10

5
2/3/2020
202 DEFINITIONS
Conventional Light-Frame Construction (Modification)

Light-Frame Construction (Modification)
11
FRT WOOD SHEATHING EXT. WALL ASSEMBLIES
602.3, 602.4.1
• Fire-retardant-treated wood framing
and sheathing permitted within
exterior walls of Type III and IV
construction
• 2-hour rating or less
• Type IV - Minimum of 6 inches in
thickness
12

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TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION
602.4 TYPE IV
• Minimum sizes moved to Ch. 23
13
COL. PROTECTION IN LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
704.2, 704.4.1
• Required fire-resistance rating
permitted to be provided with
membrane protection
14

7
2/3/2020
15
16

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COLUMNS WITHIN WALL ASSEMBLY
IBC 704.2 and 704.3 No additional

fireproofing required for the column in the assembly
17
STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY OF DOUBLE FIRE WALLS
706.2
• Applicable only in SDCs D, E and F
• Allows for continuous diaphragm
for floor and/or roof assembly
• Also stabilizes double fire walls to
resist impact during seismic event
18

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STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY OF DOUBLE FIRE WALLS
Graphics: WoodWorks
19
DEFLECTION – TABLE 1604.3
20

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21
22

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DECK LIVE LOADS
TABLE 1607.1
Balcony & Deck live load
= 1.5 x room live load
< 100 psf
Same as occupancy served
23
TSUNAMI LOADS
1615
• New section and definitions
address tsunami-resistant
design of critical infrastructure
and essential facilities
• Applicable to Risk Category
III and IV structures located
in Tsunami Design Zones
24

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STRUCTURAL OBSERVATION
1704.6.1 1704.6.2 & 1704.6.3

• Clarifies and consolidates requirements for structural observation for both
seismic and wind into 1704.6.1
• Modifies the wind trigger from structural observation from 110 mph to 130
mph for Risk Categories III or IV
25
SPECIAL INSPECTION
1705.11.1 Structural wood

• Clarifies the main wind force-resisting system fastening exception to special
inspection in wood frame construction (based on nail spacing for sheathing
exceeding 4 inches on center) at the panel edges.
26

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POLLING QUESTION
2. Which of the following is NOT true for floor sheathing
at light‐frame double fire walls? It may be:
a) 1” thick.
b) Continuous thru fire walls in SDC E‐F
c) Continuous thru fire walls in high wind zones
& SDC D.
d) Answers b) and c)
27
Chapter 23
WOOD
28

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REFERENCED STANDARDS
• 2018 National Design Specification
(NDS) for Wood Construction
• 2015 Special Design Provisions for
Wind and Seismic (SDPWS)
• 2018 Wood Frame Construction
Manual for One-and-Two Family
Dwellings (WFCM)
• ANSI 117-2015 Standard
Specification for Structured Glued
Laminated Timber of Softwood
Species
29
REFERENCED STANDARDS
• ANSI A190.1-2017 Structural Glued Laminated

Timber
• ANSI/APA PRG-320-2017 Standard for
Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber
• ANSI/APA PRP 210-2014 Standard for
Performance-Rated Engineered Wood Siding
• ANSI/APA PRR 410-2016 Standard for
Performance-Rated Engineered Wood Rim
Boards
30

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FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD
2303.2.2
• Lumber of FRT wood to be
impregnated with chemicals
• Paints, coating, stains and
other surface treatments not
an approved method
31
FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD
2303.2 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant-treated wood is any
wood product that, when impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or
other means during manufacture, shall have, when tested….
2303.2.2 Other means during manufacture. For wood products

impregnated with chemicals by other means during manufacture, the treatment
shall be an integral part of the manufacturing process of the wood product. The
treatment shall provide permanent protection to all surfaces of the wood
product. The use of paints, coatings, stains or other surface treatment are not
an approved method of protection as required in this section.
32

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MECHANICALLY LAMINATED DECKING
TABLE 2304.9.3.2
• New alternative fastener
schedule for construction of
mechanically laminated
decking [also called Nail
Laminated Timber (NLT)]
• Provides for equivalency
where power-driven fasteners
are used instead of 2.5x
laminate (equivalent 20d
Architect: Profeta Royalty Architecture
Structural Engineer: Structural Focus
Completed: 2011
nails) 33
33
34

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35
FASTENERS SCHEDULE ROOF REQUIREMENTS NAILS
TABLE 2304.10.1
• 8d common and ring shank
nails now addressed for
fastening of roof sheathing
when nailing 6 inches or
12 inches on center
• Provides for alignment of
2018 IBC and IRC
36

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RING SHANK NAILS
37
HEAVY-TIMBER CONSTRUCTION
2304.11
• Heavy timber provisions of
Chapter 23 have been
reorganized
• Wood member size
equivalencies relocated from
Section 602.4
38

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HEAVY-TIMBER CONSTRUCTION
Relocated
from Ch. 6
39
SUPPORTING MEMBERS FOR PERMEABLE FLOORS AND ROOFS

2304.12.2.5, 2304.12.2.6
40

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IBC & IEBC CH. 1
• Details in construction
documents and
inspections for
impervious moisture
barriers used in exterior
balconies.
41
2304.12.2.5, 2304.12.2.6
• Where an impervious moisture barrier system is used to protect
the wood structure supporting moisture-permeable floors,
positive drainage shall be provided for water that infiltrates the
moisture-permeable floor topping Requires positive drainage
42

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HEADER AND GIRDER SPANS – EXTERIOR WALLS
43
HEADER AND GIRDER SPANS – EXTERIOR WALLS
TABLE 2308.4.1.1 (1)
44

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HEADER AND GIRDER SPANS – INTERIOR WALLS
45
OPENINGS IN EXTERIOR BEARING WALLS
2308.5.5.1
• Single member headers now
permitted in Section 2308
• Typically limited to spans of
2-4 ft, Table 2308.4.1.1(1)
• Increases energy efficiency by
allowing for a greater
thickness of cavity insulation
46

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ASCE 7-16
Changes
47
ASCE 7-16 CHANGES
• General reference to ASCE 7 references

2015 edition in Chapter 35
• IBC wind and seismic load provisions agree
with updated criteria in ASCE 7-16
• References in Chapter 18 seismic
provisions to coordinate with ASCE 7-16
48

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ASCE 7-16 CHANGES
IBC allows three paths to determine snow

load:
1. Use the IBC to determine snow loads
(Figure 1608.2 or Table 1608.2 for Alaska)
2. Use new ASCE 7 tables for the western US
and New Hampshire.
3. Reference state produced maps which
have greater detail for the western US and
New Hampshire.
49
ASCE 7-16 CHANGES
• Requirements for secondary drains –

rain loads
• ASCE 7-16 bases minimum requirements
on a 15 min/100-yr event.
• IBC still uses the 1 hr/100-yr event for
both primary and secondary minimum
drain flow.
50

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ASCE 7-16 WIND LOAD CHANGES
Figure 26.5-1B Basic Wind

Speeds for Risk Category II
Buildings and Other Structures
51
ASCE 7-10 WIND LOAD
Figure 26.5-1A Basic Wind

Speeds for Risk Category II
Buildings and Other Structures
52

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ASCE 7-16 WIND LOAD CHANGES
ASCE 7-16 Wind Load Provisions

By Donald R. Scott
Structure Magazine
https://www.structuremag.org/?p=13360
53
ASCE 7 WIND LOAD CHANGES
C&C Loads
• Increase in hurricane
regions
1
• Larger roof zones
• Interior roof zones

increase most
54

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ASCE 7 WIND LOAD CHANGES
C&C Roof Coefficients
Ratio of ASCE 7-16/ASCE 7-10

Roof Slope Roof GCp - GCpi Roof Overhang GCp - GCpi
3r 3e 2r 2n 2e 1 3r 3e 2r 2n 2e 1
7 < Θ ≤ 20 1.36 1.14 1.69 1.69 1.16 2.02 1.27 1.11 1.59 1.59 1.14 -
20 < Θ ≤ 27 1.36 0.96 1.43 1.43 0.89 1.56 1.27 0.97 1.36 1.36 0.91 -
27 < Θ ≤ 45 1.58 2.45 1.43 1.58 1.43 1.68 1.40 2.00 1.30 1.40 1.30 -
55
ASCE/SEI 7-16 WIND LOAD CHANGES
C&C Wind Pressure Calculations
qz =0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd Ke V2
q = 0.6 qz (conversion to ASD) Offset?

pmax = q[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
qz = velocity pressure at height z, psf (section 26.10-1)

Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient = 0.72 (section 26.10.1)
Kzt = topographic factor = 1.0 (section 26.8.2)
Kd = wind directionality factor = 0.85 (section 26.6)
Ke = ground elevation factor = 1.0 (section 26.9)
V = basic wind speed, mph (section 26.5)
GCpf = external pressure coefficients (section 30.4)
GCpi = internal pressure coefficients = 0.18 (section 26.13)
pmax = maximum pressure, psf
56

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RESOURCES
http://www.awc.org/pdf/co
des-standards/publications/
archives/StructureMag-Cod
esStandards_ReprintWithAp
pendix-Tyree-1801.pdf
57
RESOURCES
58

29
2/3/2020
RESOURCES
https://buildingscience.com
/documents/building-scienc
e-insights-newsletters/bsi-0
93-all-decked-out
59
Polling Question
3. Exterior balconies w/ an impervious moisture
barrier system over wood structure supporting
moisture‐permeable floors shall have:
a) Positive draining of water
b) Ventilation below the floor system
c) Details in construction documents
d) Inspections for impervious moisture barriers
e) All of the above.
60

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2018 NDS® CHANGES

National Design Specification® for Wood
Construction
61
61
GOVERNING CODES FOR WOOD DESIGN
2018 NDS referenced in 2018 IBC and IRC
62
62

31
2/3/2020
GOVERNING CODES FOR WOOD DESIGN
2015 SDPWS referenced in 2018 IBC and IRC
63
63
2018 NDS – PRIMARY CHANGES
• References ASCE 7-16

• Added equation for withdrawal design values for
smooth shank stainless steel nails
• New provisions for Roof Sheathing Ring Shank
nails in accordance with ASTM F 1667
• New design provisions for fastener head pull-
through
• Revision to method for calculating lateral design
values for threaded nails
• Revised timber rivet design value tables
• Revised terminology for Fire Design of Wood
Members
• NDS Supplement design values updated
64
64

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NDS 2018 CHAPTERS

1. General Requirements for Structural Design *
2. Design Values for Structural Members *
3. Design Provisions and Equations *
4. Sawn Lumber *
5. Structural Glued Laminated Timber *
6. Round Timber Poles and Piles
7. Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
8. Structural Composite Lumber *
9. Wood Structural Panels
10. Cross-Laminated Timber *
* Changes
11. Mechanical Connections *
12. Dowel-Type Fasteners *
13. Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors
14. Timber Rivets *
15. Special Loading Conditions
16. Fire Design of Wood Members *
65
65
NDS 2018 APPENDICES
A. Construction and Design Practices

B. Load Duration (ASD Only)
C. Temperature Effects
D. Lateral Stability of Beams
E. Local Stresses in Fastener Groups
F. Design for Creep and Critical Deflection Applications
G. Effective Column Length
H. Lateral Stability of Columns
I. Yield Limit Equations for Connections
J. Solution of Hankinson Equation
K. Typical Dimensions for Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors
L. Typical Dimensions for Dowel-Type Fasteners and Washers
M. Manufacturing Tolerances for Rivets and Steel Side Plates for
Timber Rivet Connections
N. Appendix for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) –
Mandatory
66
66

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2/3/2020
NDS 2018 SUPPLEMENT
1. Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

2. Species Combinations
3. Section Properties
4. Reference Design Values
• Sawn Lumber and Timber*
• MSR and MEL *
• Decking
• Non-North American Sawn Lumber *
• Structural Glued Laminated Timber *
• Timber Poles and Piles
* Changes
67
67
CHAPTER 1
68
68

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MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
• Reference Loads
• Minimum Load Standards
• ASCE 7-16
69
69
NOTATION
1.6 Notation
CLT • EIeff = effective bending stiffness of the CLT section, lbs-in.2/ft of panel width
• GAeff = effective shear stiffness of the CLT section, lbs/ft of panel width
• DH = fastener head diameter, in.
Fasteners • WH, WH' = reference and adjusted pull-through design value, lbs
• tns = net side member thickness, in.
Fire • achar = effective char depth, in

• aeff = effective char depth, in.
• t eff = non-linear effective char rate (in./hr.0.813) adjusted for exposure time, t
70
70

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CHAPTER 2
71
71
LOAD DURATION FACTOR
72
72

36
2/3/2020
POLLING QUESTION
4. Load Duration Factor, CD for Impact Loads is
limited to 1.6 wood structural panels
a) True
b) False
73
73
CHAPTER 3
74
74

37
2/3/2020
BEAM STABILITY FACTOR
3.3.3 Beam Stability Factor, CL
Source: APA
75
75
CHAPTER 4
76
76

38
2/3/2020
FLAT USE FACTOR
y y
77
77
INCISING FACTOR
4.3.8 Incising Factor, Ci

Dimensional lumber - Allowance for incising
factors from company providing incising
78
78

39
2/3/2020
CHAPTER 8
Source: APA
79
79
DRY SERVICE CONDITIONS
Source: APA
80
80

40
2/3/2020
VOLUME FACTOR
Volume Factor Cv –
Tension parallel to grain
81
81
CHAPTER 5
Source: APA 82
82

41
2/3/2020
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
Source: APA
83
83
CHAPTER 10
Source: Seagate
84
84

42
2/3/2020
FORMAT CONVERSION FACTOR
Format
Conversion
Factor
85
85
DEFLECTION – EFFECTIVE SHEAR STIFFNESS
Per ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017
Source: APA
86
86

43
2/3/2020
CHAPTER 11
Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nails
Option to address significant

increases in ASCE 7-16 C&C roof
wind pressures
87
87
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS – HEAD PULL-THROUGH
88
88

44
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WET SERVICE FACTORS – HEAD PULL-THROUGH
89
89
CHAPTER 12
90
90

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TYPICAL NAIL HEADS
Photos courtesy Falcon Fasteners
ASTM F1667
ESR 1539 Photos courtesy of Hitachi – Falcon - Hitachi 91

91
TYPICAL NAIL SHANKS
Photos courtesy of Falcon Fasteners
Sketches courtesy ISANTA
92
92

46
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TYPICAL NAIL POINTS
Photos courtesy of Falcon Fasteners
93
93
ROOF SHEATHING RING SHANK NAILS
94
94

47
2/3/2020
SMOOTH SHANK NAILS OR SPIKES
95
95
CARBON STEEL NAIL WITHDRAWAL
96
96

48
2/3/2020
STAINLESS STEEL NAIL WITHDRAWAL

NEW
97
97
SMOOTH SHANK NAIL WITHDRAWAL STRENGTH

ASD Withdrawal Strength
(Smooth shank, 8d common nail)
45
Pounds per inch of penetration
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35
Wood specific gravity
Carbon steel (bright or galvanized) Stainless steel
98
98

49
2/3/2020
DEFORMED SHANK NAILS
99
99
RSRS NAIL WITHDRAWAL
100
100

50
2/3/2020
FASTENER HEAD PULL-THROUGH
101
101
FASTENER HEAD PULL-THROUGH
NEW
102
102

51
2/3/2020
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY
Fastener Uplift Capacity = lesser of W’ and WH’
103
103
FASTENER UPLIFT DESIGN EXAMPLE
Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nail
RSRS
7/16 OSB
2x6
104
104

52
2/3/2020
Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nail (cont.)
105
105
106
106

53
2/3/2020
Fastener head pull-through of 67 lbs is less than withdrawal capacity of 88 lbs and controls
design capacity. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for
connections based on end use conditions.
107
107
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY
2018 WFCM Table 3.10
108
108

54
2/3/2020
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY COMPARISONS
110mph Exposure B, 7/16" WSP, Framing G = 0.42, Rafter spacing = 24”
• For lower wind speed zones and lower G framing, RSRS gives simpler nailing schedule option
Nail Type Perimeter Nailing Interior Nailing

(Zones 2 & 3) (Zone 1)
RSRS 6/12 6/12
8d Common 6/6 6/12
109
109
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY COMPARISONS
180mph Exposure B, 19/32" WSP, Framing G = 0.55, Rafter spacing = 24”
• Assume complex roof where separating perimeter and interior zones is difficult
• RSRS nails with 19/32" WSP allow 6/6 nailing everywhere – simple
• For higher wind speeds and higher G framing, RSRS provides beneficial options
Nail Type Perimeter Nailing Interior Nailing

RSRS 6/6 6/12
8d Common 4/4 6/6
110
110

55
2/3/2020
DOWEL DIAMETER
Post-Frame Ring Shank
Roof Sheathing Ring Shank 111

111
RSRS NAIL LATERAL VALUES
112
112

56
2/3/2020
POLLING QUESTION
5. The new equations for fastener head pull‐through
are based on which of the following:
a) Fastener head diameter
b) Specific gravity of side member
c) Net side member thickness
d) All of the above
113
113
CHAPTER 16
114
114

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2/3/2020
CHAR RATE
115
115
CHAR DEPTH
Structural
Fire
Design
116
116

58
2/3/2020
CONNECTIONS
Photo courtesy of Softwood Lumber Board

117
117
APPENDIX L
118
118

59
2/3/2020
APPENDIX L
NEW
119
119
RESOURCES
E-courses
2018 NDS Changes - National Design Specification®
for Wood Construction (STD120)
2018 WFCM Changes - Wood Frame Construction

Manual for One- and Two-Family Dwellings (STD350)
http://awc.org/education/ecourses
120

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2/3/2020
i n fo @ a w c . o r g | w w w. a w c . o r g
This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution,

display and use of the presentation without written permission of American Wood Council (AWC) is
prohibited. © American Wood Council 2017
121

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2/3/2020

Significant Wood Design and Construction

Michelle Kam-Biron, P.E., S.E., S.E.C.B Lori Koch, P.E.

This presentation is protected by US and

© American Wood Council 2020

© American Wood Council 2020

The American Wood Council is a

The 2018 International Building Code (IBC) published by

© American Wood Council 2020

1 NDS Changes 3 Fasteners

2 ASCE 7-16 4 Nail Design

© American Wood Council 2020

• Fire Retardant Treated Wood

• Heavy Timber & Mass Timber

1944 1977 2001

1962 1982 2005

1968 1986 2012

1971 1991 2015

1973 1997 2018

© American Wood Council 2020

NAVIGATING THE IBC

© American Wood Council 2020

Conventional Light-Frame Construction (Modification)

FRT WOOD SHEATHING EXT. WALL ASSEMBLIES

© American Wood Council 2020

COL. PROTECTION IN LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION

© American Wood Council 2020

COL. PROTECTION IN LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION

COL. PROTECTION IN LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION

© American Wood Council 2020

COLUMNS WITHIN WALL ASSEMBLY

IBC 704.2 and 704.3 No additional

STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY OF DOUBLE FIRE WALLS

© American Wood Council 2020

STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY OF DOUBLE FIRE WALLS

DEFLECTION – TABLE 1604.3

© American Wood Council 2020

DEFLECTION – TABLE 1604.3

DEFLECTION – TABLE 1604.3

© American Wood Council 2020

DECK LIVE LOADS

© American Wood Council 2020

1704.6.1 1704.6.2 & 1704.6.3

1705.11.1 Structural wood

© American Wood Council 2020

© American Wood Council 2020

• ANSI A190.1-2017 Structural Glued Laminated

© American Wood Council 2020

2303.2.2 Other means during manufacture. For wood products

© American Wood Council 2020

MECHANICALLY LAMINATED DECKING

MECHANICALLY LAMINATED DECKING

© American Wood Council 2020

MECHANICALLY LAMINATED DECKING

FASTENERS SCHEDULE ROOF REQUIREMENTS NAILS

© American Wood Council 2020

RING SHANK NAILS

© American Wood Council 2020

SUPPORTING MEMBERS FOR PERMEABLE FLOORS AND ROOFS

© American Wood Council 2020