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Transport Phenomena 2021-I Exam 30 April

The document contains a 4 part exam on transport phenomena with the following questions: [1] Consider a 2D velocity field and verify if it is incompressible. [2] Describe flow of whipped cream through a horizontal pipe, including calculating shear stress profile, fluid properties, and deriving velocity profile. [3] Calculate how long it takes for a steel reactor's wall to completely dissolve due to contact with sulfuric acid, assuming steady-state diffusion of iron ions. [4] Calculate the rate of oxygen diffusion through air to a carbon surface for different reaction products (CO, CO2, or both) being produced.

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Sebastian calle uribe
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363 views

Transport Phenomena 2021-I Exam 30 April

The document contains a 4 part exam on transport phenomena with the following questions: [1] Consider a 2D velocity field and verify if it is incompressible. [2] Describe flow of whipped cream through a horizontal pipe, including calculating shear stress profile, fluid properties, and deriving velocity profile. [3] Calculate how long it takes for a steel reactor's wall to completely dissolve due to contact with sulfuric acid, assuming steady-state diffusion of iron ions. [4] Calculate the rate of oxygen diffusion through air to a carbon surface for different reaction products (CO, CO2, or both) being produced.

Uploaded by

Sebastian calle uribe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 2021-I

EXAM
30th April

1) [0.5 points] Consider the steady, two-dimensional velocity field given by

Verify that this flow field is incompressible.

2) [1.5 points] The dairy factory, called Campino, produces a variety of milk products,
including whipped cream. In between process stages, the cream is transported from one
vessel to another, through a round horizontal pipe (radius R), to which a constant pressure
gradient is applied. The flow of the liquid is described by the power law:

Here is a sketch of the situation. Don't forget that if you imagine the problem in 3D, you
have to imagine the control volume as an infinitely thin cylinder of radius r, length dx and
wall thickness dr, centered around the axis r=0

2.1) Which forces act on the infinitely thin cylinder?


a) gravity b) shear stress
c) buoyancy d) drag force
e) pressure force

2.2) Calculate the shear stress profile 𝜏𝑟𝑥 in terms of the pressure gradient 𝑑𝑝/𝑑𝑥. What
is the profile

a) b)

c) d)

2.3) What is the value of c1?


2.4) It is given that n=0.6. What kind of fluid is whipped cream?
a) Bingham b) Newtonian
c) Dilatant d) Pseudoplastic

2.5) Use the knowledge from the problem to get rid of the absolute values in the power
low equation. Then combine the equations for the power law and the shear stress, and
integrating, demonstrate the velocity profile of the fluid is:

2.6) Find the expression for 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 / 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 , assuming that K = 10. And calculate
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 / 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 for the whipped cream (n = 0.6) and a Newtonian fluid.

3) [1.5 points] A student uses a cylindrical steel reactor for measurements with sulfuric acid
(H2SO4 in water). Unfortunately, he does not know that sulfuric acid dissolves iron. The
reactor has an inner diameter of 60 cm and a wall thickness of 4 mm. Assume that the
dissolution of the reactor wall is governed by the diffusion of iron ions (Fe2+) in a 5 cm
thick layer at the inner wall. Assume dilute conditions and steady-state with an iron ion
concentration at the reactor wall of 50% of the saturation concentration. Because of the size
of the reactor, the iron concentration within the core of the reactor can be assumed to be zero
at all time.
Additional Data:
Diffusion coefficient of iron in sulfuric acid at 25 °C: 2.72∙10−5 cm2/𝑠
Saturation concentration of iron in the sulfuric acid solution: 2.06∙10−3 mol/cm3
Density of steel: 7.87 g/cm3
Molecular weight of iron: 55.85 g/mol
3.1) Draw a detailed sketch of the problem including the concentration profile of
dissolved iron and all the known values.
3.2) Develop the differential equation including boundary conditions for the iron
concentration profile in the thick diffusion layer. Start with the generalized mass
balance and simplify it by clearly stating your assumptions.
3.3) Solve the differential equation and derive the molar flux of iron at the inner
surface of the steel reactor (in mol/cm2s).
3.4) Calculate how long it takes to completely dissolve the wall of the reactor. For
this, assume that the flux of iron calculated in 3.3 remains constant during the whole
dissolution process.
4) [1.5 points] In a combustion chamber, oxygen diffuses through air to the carbon surface
where it reacts to make CO and/or CO2. The mole fraction of oxygen at z = 𝛿 is 0.21. The
reaction at the surface may be assumed to be instantaneous. No reaction occurs in the gas
film.
Determine the rate of oxygen diffusion per hour through one quare meter of area if:
4.1) only carbon monoxide, CO, is produced at the carbon surface;
4.2) only carbon dioxide, CO2, is produced at the carbon surface;
4.3) the following instantaneous reaction occurs at the carbon surface:

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