Book Steps To English 3

Contents
3 | Unit 1 - YOU NEED A HOLIDAY
15 | Unit 2 - DIFFERENT CULTURES
27 | Unit 3 - LIFE ISN’T PERFECT
40 | Unit 4 - SHOP TILL YOU DROP
53 | Unit 5 - CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
66 | Unit 6 - REVIEW AND CONSOLIDATION
75 | LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
76 | GRAMMAR APPENDIX
2 STEPS TO ENGLISH 3
Welcome to unit 1
YOU NEED A HOLIDAY
After working in this Unit you will be able to:
• Listen and understand words, sentences and conversations.

• Read and understand texts related to a topic and answer questions
about them.
• Understand how THE WILL FUTURE, THE BE GOING TO FUTURE AND
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS work and
how they can be used in real life contexts.
• Understand how POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS can help you to achieve
communication in English.
UNIT 1
Topic:
Holiday.
Grammar Focus:
Will Future
Be going to Future
Present Continuous for Future Arrangements.
Possessive Pronouns.
Core Vocabulary:
Holiday - places to go – things to do on holiday.
READING
Taken and adapted from:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/articles/ecotourism
ACTIVITY 1:
a. Find out the meaning of the underlined words.

b. Create short and simple definitions for these words and write this
vocabulary down in your notebook.
__________________
____This type of tourism can only involve small numbers of people, so it can be expensive.
But you can apply the principles of ecotourism wherever you go for your holiday. Just
remember these basic rules:
_______
• Be prepared. Learn about the place that you're going to visit. Find out about its
culture and history.
• Have respect for the local culture. Wear clothes that will not offend people. Always
ask permission before you take a photograph. Remember that you are a visitor.
• Don't waste resources. If the area doesn't have much water, don't take two
showers every day.
• Remember the phrase 'Leave nothing behind except your footprints and take
nothing away except photographs.'
• Walk or use other non-polluting forms of transport whenever you can.
• Stay in local hotels and eat in local restaurants.
• Buy local products whenever possible and pay a fair price for what you buy.
_______Ecotourism probably involves a little of all of them. Everyone has a different
definition, but most people agree that ecotourism must:
• conserve the wildlife and culture of the area
• benefit the local people and involve the local community
• be sustainable, that is, make a profit without destroying natural resources
• provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.
_____Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little
as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to
work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables and we stopped using
aerosol sprays years ago.
_____And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms
of tourism are becoming more popular all over the world. But what is ecotourism? There
are lots of new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, alternative tourism, sustainable
tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more.
ACTIVITY 1:
a. What’s the correct order of the paragraphs in the text? Read the text
again and put the number of every paragraph in the correct order in the
blank space.
b. What’s a good title for this text? Write it down on top of the text.
LANGUAGE LEARNING
ACTIVITY 1:
Work in pairs.
Read carefully the following chart and complete it with a second example sentence. The
first one is done for you.
Present Continuous Present simple

Be going to +
Will + infinitive for future
infinitive
arrangements
A DECISION A FUTURE ACTION SCHEDULED
A DECISION AT
BEFORE THE WHEN YOU HAVE EVENTS
THE MOMENT
MOMENT OF MADE PLANS OR
OF SPEAKING:
SPEAKING: ARRANGEMENTS: The plane leaves at
5:00.
Julie: There's no
Julie: There's no We are travelling to _________________
milk.
John: Really? In milk. Vienna next Saturday. _________________
that case, I'll goJohn: I know. I'm _________________ _________________
going to go and get _________________
and get some.
some when this TV _________________
_________________
program finishes.
_________________
_________________
A PREDICTION
A PREDICTION
BASED ON
BASED ON
SOMETHING
OPINION
WE CAN SEE
(EXPERIENCE):
OR HEAR
I think the (EVIDENCE):
Conservatives
will win the next The Conservatives
election. are going to win
_________________ the election. They
already have most
_________________
of the votes.
_________________
_____________
_________________
_____________
THE
INTENTION
A FUTURE FACT: TO DO
SOMETHING:
The sun will rise
tomorrow. I’m going to finish
_______________ this work as soon
_______________ as possible.
_______________ ______________
_______________ ______________
______________
FOR PROMISES
/ REQUESTS
/ REFUSALS /
OFFERS:
I'll help you
tomorrow, if you
like.
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
ACTIVITY 2:
Using the information in the chart above, create a conversation in which

you express future activities in at least three different uses.
ACTIVITY 3:
a. Classify the following sentences into the different uses for WILL +infinitive.
1. Philip will be 15 next Wednesday. ______________________________________.

2. I think my mother will like this CD. ______________________________________.
3. Just a moment, I will help you with the bags. _____________________________.
4. I will behave at the dinner party. ________________________________________.
5. A: Shall I keep these shoes?
B: They are too old!
A: Ok, I’ll throw them away. ______________________________________________.
b. Classify the following sentences into the different uses for BE GOING TO
+infinitive.
1. We are going to go to Venice in June. ____________________________________.

2. Look at the clouds! It is going to rain soon. _______________________________.
3. A: We have too many eggs in the fridge! B: I know, I’m going to make an
omelette. ____________________________________.
4. I saw Paul’s sister yesterday; she is going to have a baby.
____________________________________.
c. Give an example of what plans were made to arrange these activities.
1. I’m having a dinner party this evening. ___________________________________

_.
2. Susan and Paul are camping in the Valley this weekend.
____________________________________.
3. A friend from Canada is visiting us tomorrow. _____________________________.
4. Bobby is cooking a new pasta recipe next Monday._________________________.
LISTENING
ACTIVITY 1:
Listen to the conversation between Keith and Sophie. Write T for the TRUE
sentences and F for the FALSE ones. Correct the False ones.
R7.1
1. ____ The program is called “50 places to go before you die”.

_____________________________________________________________.
2. ____ The Grand Canyon is the top place to go.
_____________________________________________________________.
3. _____ Sophie’s traveling with Keith.

_____________________________________________________________.
4. _____ They’re leaving on Saturday.
_____________________________________________________________.
5. _____ They’re going on holiday for a month.
_____________________________________________________________.
6. _____ They’re staying with friends for a week.

_____________________________________________________________.
7. _____ They’re going on a horse riding tour for five days.

_____________________________________________________________.
8. _____Keith’s having a holiday this year

_____________________________________________________________.
SPEAKING
ACTIVITY 1:
Role play.
Work with a classmate.
Read the following situation and prepare a role play to present to
the class.
Remember the Role Play rules:
• NO WRITING.
• You have 20 minutes to create and practice your conversation.
• During that time you MUST ask for your teacher’s help to
correct your grammar, language and pronunciation.
• You MUST insert all the required grammar at least one time in
your conversation.
• You MUST insert the required core vocabulary in your
conversation.
• Remember that the conversation must have a proper start,
development and ending.
S1:
You and your best friend won a 10-million prize in the lotto and you are a carefree
person who likes to enjoy life. You have already made arrangements to do some things
you have always dreamt of. They are expensive, but you just don’t mind. You think this
money is just to spend it all. Tell your friend what you are going to do with the money.
S2:
You are a sensible conservative person. You think that you and your best friend are
very lucky to have won this money. You think that both of you have to be very careful.
This is a great opportunity to invest the money wisely. You are meeting your friend to
talk about your plans.
Grammar:
Will Future
Be going to Future
Present Continuous for Future Arrangements
Suggested vocabulary:
Buy a Ferrari – gamble at the casino – throw a big pool party – rent an island for a
weekend – drive around in a limousine – buy property – start a business – save the
money in the bank – get plastic surgery – invest in art – donate to charity – support
Greenpeace.
ACTIVITY 2:
Present your Role Play in front of the class.
READING the cultural impact of students arriving in another country

http://www.macmillanenglish.com/uploadedFiles/wwwmacmillanenglishcom/Content/
Samples/Effective_Reading
ACTIVITY 1:
a. Read the following text.
b. Identify new words and find out their meanings with the help of your
teacher.
Culture Shock
When Megan, a British student, first arrived in the United States she knew that Americans ate their
food with a knife and fork. ‘But they don’t use the knife and fork like we do,’ says Megan. ‘In Britain
we eat with the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand. Whereas Americans often just
use a fork in the right hand.’ Megan is also surprised that Americans tip a lot more than the British
do. ‘We never tip a waiter just for a cup of coffee, but Americans tip 15 per cent. The accents can be
so different, too! I’m slowly getting used to everything.’
For students who come here from more different backgrounds, settling in can take longer. Kit-ken, a
student who came from Taiwan only a few months ago, told us ‘When I first arrived everything was
new and exciting. I really liked the differences between here and home. I was happy to be in a new
country. Now, though, I miss my family and friends and feel a bit lonely. Sometimes I’m confused
about what to do. There are still lots of things that I like, but now there are more things I dislike. I
feel really homesick!’
Seydou from Senegal said this was all perfectly normal. ‘I felt exactly the same as Kit-ken did’ he said.
‘I didn’t understand the culture and my English wasn’t improving, either.’ Seydou realized that all his
friends were from his own country. ‘So I decided to get to know some North American students, and
other international students. I went to the student union where there are a lot of different clubs.
There are sports clubs, dance clubs, some religion clubs, -- there are loads! I saw there was a club
for students interested in music and so I joined that. It made all the difference! I made friends quite
quickly, and I was able to understand the culture a bit better. We talked about the differences, and I
began to feel a lot happier. We now get on well and often hang out together.’
ACTIVITY 2:
Main ideas
Work in groups of three and read the text again to answer the questions below.
1. Underline ONE sentence that can summarize the MAIN IDEA OF EACH PARAGRAPH.
2. Compare your answers with your classmates and agree on the final answers.
3. Based on your previous answers and on the text as a whole, write down the main idea of the whole
text and agree on ONE idea as the MAIN IDEA OF THE WHOLE TEXT with your group.
4. Share your answers with the class.
ACTIVITY 3:
Who’s who? Matching
Match the NAMES in Column A with the sentences in Column B
A. hasn’t been able to settle in easily, but it’s

1. MEGAN
working on it.
B. wasn’t able to settle in at first, but has settled
2. KIT-KEN
in now.
C. was able to settle in at the beginning, but is
3. SEYDOU
not working now.
1. 2. 3.
ACTIVITY 4:
Open Discussion. No writing allowed.
a. Work in groups of three.
b. Read the quotes below taken from the text and answer the questions.
Quotes:
‘In Britain we eat with the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.
Whereas Americans often just use a fork in the right hand.’
‘Americans tip a lot more than the British do. We never tip a waiter just for a cup
of coffee, but Americans tip 15 per cent.’
1. Are the habits or customs mentioned in the quotes the same or similar in our
country?
2. Compare our habits or customs in Chile to some others you have heard about
or seen in movies. Are they different from ours? How?
3. What habits or customs in Chile could be shocking to a visitor in your opinion?
Extra Activity (Optional):
a. Check the Internet and find out 3 habits or customs you consider shocking.
Write them down and discuss them in the group.
b. Share them with class.
c. Select the best ones and make a list of the top 5 most shocking customs
in the world.
WATCH AND LEARN
Taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oB7QDk8yCs
Top 10 places to visit in Chile
ACTIVITY 1:
Work in groups of three. Ask and answer the following questions.
1. What do Chilean people do on their holiday?

2. What do you do on your holiday? Make a list.
3. Talk about 2 places you would like to visit in Chile and say why.
ACTIVITY 2:
Watch the video and answer the following questions.
1. How does the shape of our country affect backpacking according to the man in the
video?
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. What does Torres del Paine offer?

_________________________________________________________________________.
3. Where are the Caves located?
_________________________________________________________________________.
4. What does the Moon Valley offer?

_________________________________________________________________________.
5. How many penguins are there on Magdalena Island?

_________________________________________________________________________.
6. Why is O’Higgins Lake not visited so often?

_________________________________________________________________________.
7. What is the sport the speaker shows in Futaleufú River?

_________________________________________________________________________.
8. Who does the speaker say would be most impressed by the Villarrica Volcano?
_________________________________________________________________________.
9. Valparaíso is part of U…
_________________________________________________________________________.
10. Being at the Carretera Austral is like being in ________ according to the speaker.
TEAM WORK
ACTIVITY 1:
b. Choose one of the destinations shown in the video to plan your next holiday.
Your answer must include:
• Comparison with other destinations.
• Solid reasons to say why it’s the best option.
c. Prepare a Power Point presentation to show your chosen destination to your
class.
d. Be creative and remember that Power Point presentations are visuals that
mostly show appealing images to motivate. Please avoid texts; use them only if
they are extremely necessary.
Welcome to unit 2
Different cultures

about them.
• Understand how the modal verbs CAN /CAN’T – SHOULD/
SHOULDN’T – MUST/MUSTN’T – HAVE TO work and how they can be
used in real life contexts.
• Understand how MODAL SUBSTITUTES can help you to achieve
communication in English.
UNIT 2
Topic:
Cultural differences.
Grammar Focus:
Modals verbs can /can’t – should/shouldn’t –
must/mustn’t – have to
Modal substitutes be allowed to – be supposed to
– be able to
Core Vocabulary:
Visiting – cultural shock- traveler’s tips.
LISTENING
R 8.3
ACTIVITY 1:
Listen to the following conversation between Antonia and Polly and answer
the following questions:
1. Who’s Antonia going to have dinner with?

____________________________________________________________.
2. What are good presents to take to the hostess?

____________________________________________________________.
3. Who usually starts to eat first?
____________________________________________________________.
4. What do British people usually do after the meal?
____________________________________________________________.
5. What topics can you talk about at dinner?
____________________________________________________________.
ACTIVITY 2:
Work in pairs.
Listen to the first part of the conversation again and complete the gaps
with the correct word, phrase or sentence.
Antonia: You know Richard, ___________?

Polly: Yes.
Antonia: Well, his parents have invited us to dinner this evening…
Polly: Oh, ___________!
Antonia: And I don’t want to do anything wrong. _____________________?
Polly: Yes, of course. _______________?
Antonia: OK, ___________, what time should I arrive?
Polly: Well, you shouldn’t arrive late. ___________________, as you know.
Antonia: Not even a few ___________?
Polly: Well, a few minutes is OK, but it’s a bit rude to ___________ more
than 15 minutes late.
LISTENING
R 8.6
ACTIVITY 1:
Listen to the conversation about giving and receiving presents and complete
the sentences below.
1. In China you ___________ a present immediately.
2. In China you ___________ presents with both hands.
3. In Thailand you ___________ when you get it.
4. Knives are ___________.
5. You ___________ an odd number of glasses.
6. In both ___________ languages number _____ also means “death”.
7. You ___________ Turkish host ___________.
8. In ___________ you should only give white flowers ___________.
SPEAKING
“WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I GO TO ASIA?”

If you travel to Asia, you should learn at least some relevant aspects of the
Asian culture; for example, if you visit an Asian home you must take off your
shoes before entering.
Game:
Play with a classmate.
Display all the cards upside down.
Take turns to turn over the cards and try to find the matching sentences.
As soon as you find a matching sentence, stand up and read the card out loud.
(Shout if possible!)
You have 10 minutes to find as many correct sentences as possible.
IN RUS SIA
You shouldn’t shake… …hands in a doorway.
IN RUS SIA
You shouldn’t leave… …empty bottles on a dinner table.
DIA
IN IN …with your right hand. The left hand is
You should eat… considered dirty.
IN IN DIA
You shouldn’t give … …a negative opinion about Cricket.
IN JA PAN
You must never blow… …your nose in public.
IN JA PAN
When you are given a business card, …completely.
you have to read…
IN THAIL AND
You must never touch… …people’s heads.
AND
IN THAIL …at night. It supposedly calls on evil
You shouldn’t whistle… spirits.
IN CH INA
You should leave… …some food on your plate.
IN CH INA
You can start smoking… …when other people are still eating.
IN TUR KEY
As a guest, you should drink… …at least three cups of coffee.
KEY
IN TUR …something valuable because the host will
As a guest, you must not admire… feel he should give it to you.
IN MONGO LIA
You must not refuse to drink… …salted tea with milk.
READING
Taken and adapted from: https://theabroadguide.com/how-to-be-

respectful-foreign-cultures/
ACTIVITY 1:
a. Read the text and choose the best option to complete the words in each
paragraph.
b. Match the headings in the box to their corresponding paragraph.
How to be respectful when traveling

While traveling, it can often be (1) __________ to know what you (2) __________ say and
how you are (3) __________ act without offending someone. Many people either act in
a totally (4) __________ or in a completely reserved way. You (5) shouldn’t walk around
your host culture on eggshells*, but at the same time, you (5) __________ be aware that
you should be careful with what you say and do. Here are a few (6) __________ to help
you avoid offending someone
* To be extremely cautious about something.
1. a. easy b. difficult c. surprising

2. a. be supposed to b. must to c. should
3. a. supposed to b. be supposed to c. supposed
4. a. obnoxious b. friendly c. kind
5. a. mustn’t b. must c. must to
6. a. regulations b. mistakes c. tips
• You must learn the rules for etiquette and manners of your
host country.
• Just do your best and have an open mind.
• Respect your host culture and religion.
• Do not take pictures that you are not supposed to take.
1. ______________________________________________
Always be aware of your surroundings and what they symbolize for other people. In
addition, if you are in a (7) __________ place and there are rules about photography
(especially flash photography), (8) __________ them!
7. a. faraway b. ancient c. historical

8. a. forget b. respect c. object
2. ___________________________________________________Every
culture has different rules for (9) _________________and it is impossible to learn all of
them. However, you should learn basic cultural mannerisms and etiquette to educate
yourself about (10) ____________,transportation, appearance, and (11) _________, to
name a few.
A simple (12) _________search will at least give you a general idea of what is considered
rude, what you (13) __________or not allowed to do in certain places, or about what you
are (14) ___________or do in your host country.
9. a. etiquette and manners b. civilian ethics c. historical behavior
10. a. restaurant tipping b. eating and waiting c. eating and tipping,

11. a. normality b. punctuality c. slowness
12. a. police b. complete c. Google
13. a. are expected b. are allowed c. are supposed
14. a. aren’t expected to b. expected to tell c. expected to say
3. _________________________ Even if you don’t (15) _____________certain
religious or cultural events, rules or behavior, respect the ways of your host culture.
When on (16) _________ground, for example, be aware of any public behavior that could
be considered (17) ___________to others and follow the rules about covering your head
and shoulders or removing shoes.
15. a. observe b. watch c. look at

16. a. holy b. religious c. saint
17. a. sacrilegious b. devilish c. demonic
4. ___________________________ Although you are not supposed to know everything

about your host country’s culture and its customs and etiquette, you can be sure that everyone
who has ever been abroad has unintentionally made some (18) ___________. If you’re not sure
about something just (19) __________and explain that you’re learning. Most people will easily
(20) ___________you; some even will find humor in the confusion. If you go into it with an open
mind and the ability to (21) _____________your mistakes, you shouldn’t have any problems.
18. a. understandings b. misunderstandings c. mistakes

19. a. do it b. excuse c. apologize
20. a. accuse b. forgive c. attack
21. a. laugh at b. forget c. get confused with
ACTIVITY 2:
Open Discussion
Work in groups of three and discuss the following questions. (You are not allowed to write
in this activity).
1. What do you think are some of the most common misunderstandings tourists or
exchange students have when they come to our country?
2. What other tips for foreigners visiting Chile would you include in the list?
VIDEO WATCHING
OUTSOURCED
Taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGKCkvNk_zI
ACTIVITY 1: Watch the video and answer the following questions.

1. a. What is the video about? b. What title would you give it?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. What misunderstandings did the protagonist have when he arrived at the airport
and outside it?
Inside the airport: __________________________________________
Outside the airport: _________________________________________
3. What happened at the train station?

______________________________________________________
4. Explain the incident when eating. What was wrong?

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Why was the cow in the office?

______________________________________________________
6. Explain the incident with the boy.

______________________________________________________
7. What was the misunderstanding about at the food shop?

______________________________________________________
8. Explain the incident with the celebration of colors.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
READING
ACTIVITY 1:
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures below and comment with your classmate about your
impression on them. You can answer the following questions as a guide.
1. Where do you think the pictures are from?
__________________________________________________
2. What country do you think it is?
__________________________________________________
3. In what continent do you think this country is located?
__________________________________________________
4. Would you like to visit this country? Why?
__________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2:
Read the following text and look for new words to clarify meaning. Ask for
your teacher’s help.
https://www.journeybeyondtravel.com/morocco/culture-etiquette
Morocco
Paragraph 1
Morocco has been called “home” by many different people throughout the centuries. Today, the majority of
the population identifies as Berber or Arab and the country’s official language is Arabic. Moroccans are a very
welcoming and tolerant people, but this doesn’t mean they don’t have strong beliefs and cultural norms – and
you should definitely avoid offending those at all costs. Below, there are a few rules (or hints) to make sure you
respect the culture of Morocco during your visit.
Paragraph 2
Clothing
As a conservative and religious country, clothing is something you have to be mindful of when visiting Morocco.
Especially in rural areas, you should always attempt to cover body parts considered “private” like the arms (or at
least the shoulders) and above the knee.
In cosmopolitan cities, such as Marrakesh, Rabat and Fez, the dress code is more relaxed and it is common to see
women wear short-sleeve tops and knee-length skirts and men often wear sleeveless t-shirts.
Paragraph 3
Greetings and Gestures
When you meet someone for the first time, it is common to inquire about marital status, children, as well as the
health and well-being of one’s family. Moroccans typically greet with a handshake and sometimes two kisses,
but this only occurs when the two people greeting are of the same gender. In any greeting that takes place
between a man and a woman, the woman should extend her hand first if she wants to be greeted. Any gesture
you make in Morocco should be done with your right hand (yes, even if you’re traditionally a lefty!). The left hand
is considered impure and is saved for bathroom duties and cleaning chores.
Paragraph 4
Ramadan
Ramadan is a month-long holy celebration held each year in the Islam world. This month of celebrations is
dedicated to fasting, which is one of the five pillars of Islam. Although you are not required to fast while in
Morocco during Ramadan, it is expected that you show respect by avoiding eating and drinking in public places.
Paragraph 5
Dining and Social Events
If you happen to be invited into someone’s home, know you will have an amazing experience. However there
are also some rules of etiquette to be followed.
As soon as you enter the home, you should remove your shoes and leave them by the door. It is also a good
custom to come bearing gifts. Avoid bringing alcohol and never bring hot dishes.
Once dinner is ready, expect to be seated on a floor mat around a knee-high round table with one communal
dish in the middle. Before the meal is served, a wash basin may be brought to the table: hold your hands over
it while the water is poured and then dry them on the towel provided. When your host starts eating you may
begin as well. Expect more food to be offered to you once you stop eating. It is polite to refuse the first time
and then take a small portion upon a second food offering. If you are completely full, simply pat your stomach
and shake your head while saying “La, shukrran” (“No, thank you”). Do not be surprised if your host continues
to push you to eat, it is a sign of respect and generosity.
ACTIVITY 3:
Complete the sentences according to the information in each paragraph.
Paragraph 1
You ______________Moroccans´ beliefs and cultural norms.
Paragraph 2
You ______________ when visiting a religious country as Morocco.
You ______________ that are considered private.
In terms of dress code, you ___________________ in cosmopolitan areas like big
cities.
Paragraph 3
If you are a woman and you accept to be greeted, ________________________.
When two people of the same gender greet, they usually shake hands and kiss
twice. You ______________
You ______________ with your right hand in Morocco.
Paragraph 4
You ___________________ in public during Ramadan in Morocco.
Paragraph 5
You ____________________ as soon as you enter a home.
You ____________________ but you must not give alcohol.
You ____________________ Moroccan style before eating.
If you don’t want more food _______________________________________________
_
TEAM WORK
ACTIVITY 1:
Work in groups of three.
a. Go on line to investigate about typical food that is very different from

the typical food in Chile.
b. Choose one typical dish.
c. Find out the recipe and ingredients.
d. Create a presentation. Use your creativity (Power Point, paper, video,
performance, etc.)
e. Present the dish to the class.
Welcome to unit 3
Life isn’t perfect
• Listen and understand words, sentences and

conversations.
• Read and understand texts related to a topic and
answer questions about them.
• Understand how the FIRST CONDITIONAL AND THE
SECOND CONDITIONAL work and how they can be used
in real life contexts.
• Understand how TOO and ENOUGH can help you to
achieve communication in English.
UNIT 3
Topic:
Everyday life problems.
Grammar Focus:
First conditional and Second conditional.
Too and Enough.
Core Vocabulary:
Problems – possibilities in the future – imagi-
nary situations in the future.
READING
ACTIVITY 1:

b. Identify new words and find out their meanings with the help of your teacher.
https://renglish.blog.hu/2015/06/03/reading_comprehension_based_on_the_second_
conditional
Confessions
Four friends, Alex, Lucy, Samantha and Liz were sitting
in a coffee bar, chatting, when they started talking about
their own faults.
‘I must admit,’ said Alex, ‘I sometimes use the
company’s phone for private calls and I often steal office
stationery from work when the boss isn’t looking. If my
boss found out, I’d get fired’.
‘Well, I guess my greatest fault,’ Lucy told the group,
‘is that I gamble too much. I play online poker and I buy
lottery tickets. My parents are really strict, and if they
heard about it, I’d be in real trouble’.
‘I don’t gamble,’ Samantha said, ‘but I’d say that my worst fault is my drinking habit. I drink
far too much. If my boss knew, I’d lose my job.’
Liz had been silent during the conversation, so Samantha turned and asked her ‘Well, Liz, do
you have any faults, then?’
‘Oh, yes,’ said Liz, ‘and mine is worse than any of yours. My greatest fault is that I just can’t
keep a secret.’
ACTIVITY 2:
Read the text again and match the broken sentences from Column A and Column B.
Column A Column B
1. If Lucy knew how… A. ... he would fire her.

2. I wouldn’t tell your boss about it… B. ... if Liz could keep a secret.
3. If Alex’s confession went public… C. ... he would get fired.
4. If Samantha’s boss knew her problem… D. ... she would quit gambling.
5. Everybody would be safe … E. ... if I were you.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
ACTIVITY 3:
What would happen if…? Complete the sentences below with true sentences about
yourself.
1. If my parents found out you gambled _____________________________________.

2. _____________________________________________________, if my teachers found
out.
3. ________________________________________________________, if my best friend
found out.
4. If my best friend couldn’t keep a secret, I________________________________.
ACTIVITY 4:
Vocabulary
a. Choose a word to complete these sentences.
stationery bar habit calls tickets poker
1. I would never play online ________________.

2. It’s a waste of money to buy lottery ________________.
3. I’ll see you in the coffee ________________.
4. I never take home any office ________________.
5. My boss doesn’t like us making private ________________.
6. Tim needs to do something about his drinking ________________.
b. Change the underlined word in each sentence by choosing the opposite word from the box
below.
fired silent strict keep private admit
1. This is a public area. This is a ________________ area.
2. Claire is chatty today. Claire is ________________ today.
3. He will reveal your secrets. He will ________________ your secrets.

4. Her parents are easy-going.
Her parents are ________________.
5. Do you deny you made a mistake? Do you _________ you made a mistake?
6. Tricia was hired last week. Tricia was ______ last week.
LISTENING WRITING
ACTIVITY 1:
Work in pairs
a. Read the lyrics of these famous songs and underline all the First and Second
Conditional sentences that you can find.
b. Listen to the songs and sing along.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxtKl3qiwKA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqtyQuXo9zM
Count on Me Tears In Heaven

Bruno Mars Eric Clapton
If you ever find yourself stuck in the middle of Would you know my name
the sea, I'll sail the world to find you If I saw you in heaven?
If you ever find yourself lost in the dark and you Would it be the same
can't see, I'll be the light to guide you If I saw you in heaven?
Find out what we're made of
When we are called to help our friends in need I must be strong and carry on
You can count on me like one two three, 'Cause I know I don't belong here in heaven
I'll be there Would you hold my hand
And I know when I need it I can count on you If I saw you in heaven?
like four three two, you'll be there Would you help me stand
'Cause that's what friends are supposed to do,
oh yeah If I saw you in heaven?
Whoa, whoa I'll find my way through night and day
Oh, oh 'Cause I know I just can't stay here in heaven
Yeah, yeah Time can bring you down, time can bend your
If you’re tossin' and you're turnin' and you just knees
can't fall asleep
I'll sing a song Time can break your heart, have you begging
Beside you please, begging please
And if you ever forget how much you really mean Beyond the door there's peace I'm sure
to me And I know there'll be no more tears in heaven
Everyday I will Would you know my name
Remind you
Ooh If I saw you in heaven?
Find out what we're made of Would it be the same
When we are called to help our friends in need If I saw you in heaven?
You can count on me like one two three I must be strong and carry on
I'll be there 'Cause I know I don't belong here in heaven
And I know when I need it I can count on you
like four three two Songwriters: Eric Patrick Clapton / Will Jennings
You'll be there Tears In Heaven lyrics © Warner/Chappell Music,
'Cause that's what friends are supposed to do, Inc, Universal Music Publishing Group
oh yeah
Oh, oh
Yeah, yeah
You'll always have my shoulder when you cry
I'll never let go
Never say goodbye
You know you can
Count on me like one two three
I'll be there
And I know when I need it I can count on you
like four three two
And you'll be there
'Cause that's what friends are supposed to do,
oh yeah
Songwriters: Ari Levine / Peter Hernandez /
Philip LawrenceCount on Me lyrics © Warner/
Chappell Music, Inc, Round Hill Music Big Loud
Songs, BMG Rights Management
ACTIVITY 2:
Choose 4 underlined sentences and write down complements to modify them and create
new ones.
Example:
Original sentence:
You can count on me like one two three, I’ll be there.
Modified sentence:
You can count on me, I’ll be there because I’m your friend.
READING
ACTIVITY 1: Discuss the following questions with your classmates.
1. What do most people say they would do if they won the lottery?
2. What would you do if you won the lottery?
3. What would you not do if you won the lottery? Why not?
ACTIVITY 2:

Taken from:
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/readings/secondconditional
If I Won the Lottery
I can imagine what my life would be like if I won the lottery. Wow! I could do so
many things, and my life would be so different. I would love the chance to change
my life with the money. The first thing I would do is buy a big, new house. I live in a
small apartment, and I have always dreamed of living in a big house in the country.
With all that money, I could buy anything I wanted. I don’t have a car right now, so I
would buy a new car. Or, I might even buy a new motorcycle. I like motorcycles, and I
can imagine myself driving down the highway with the wind in my hair.
Of course, If I won the lottery, I should give some of the money to charity. I would
probably give my money to a charity that helps sick children. Also, if any of my
friends needed anything, I could help them pay for it. I know many people that have
student loans, and I could help them pay the loans back. That would make them very
happy. Plus, if I won a lot of money, I would certainly save some of it in the bank.
Also, I think that if I won a huge amount of money, I would open a business. I love
to cook, and I have always wanted to open a restaurant. With all that money I could
open a fancy restaurant.
However, I know one thing I would not do is travel. I have a friend who won $100,
000 in the lottery three years ago. She took the money and travelled for three
months. I think she is crazy. Travelling is nice, but then she had nothing left after
her vacation.
I think, however, that the only problem with dreaming about the money I could win is
that I have never even played the lottery before. As they say: “You can’t win if you
don’t play.”
ACTIVITY 3:
Multiple Choice. Circle the correct alternative to answer each question.
1. What would the person NOT buy if she won the lottery?
a. A house
b. A motorcycle
c. A car
d. An apartment
2. What would the person NOT do if she won the lottery?

a. Keep all the money
b. Pay off student loans
c. Save money
d. Give money to charity
3. Why would she open a restaurant?

a. She likes fancy restaurants.
b. She is a great cook.
c. She likes to cook.
d. They are a good investment.
4. Why would she not travel?

a. She has travelled a lot before.
b. Her friend did not have fun travelling.
c. She would probably spend all her money.
d. Her friend didn’t like it.
5. Do you think she will win the lottery?

a. Maybe. It depends on her luck.
b. No. She didn’t buy a ticket.
c. No. It is too difficult with only a few tickets.
d. Yes! She is lucky.
LISTENING
What a Dilemma!

https://avi.cuaed.unam.mx/repositorio/moodle/pluginfile.php/81/mod_resource/
content/21/contenido/index.html (Activity 4 Listening)
ACTIVITY 1:
Work with your classmate and discuss the following questions. You are not allowed to
write.
1. If you don’t pass your subjects this semester, will you consider changing programs
or universities? Why? Why not?
2. If you don’t get well paid in Chile when you start working, will you consider moving
abroad?
ACTIVITY 2:
a. Listen to the conversation between Jason and Ian who are talking about a job
opportunity in the Japan.
b. Decide if the statements are True or False.
1. _____ If Ian moves to Japan he will keep on seeing his friends.

2. ______ If he goes to Japan he will make new friends.
3. ______ If Ian goes to Japan he will make the same money.
4. ______ Ian will have to learn English very well, if he lives in Japan.
5. ______ It won’t be easy for Ian to learn English if he works in Japan.
LISTENING
Sleepless Nights
R9.4
ACTIVITY 1:
Work with your classmate and discuss the following questions. You are not allowed
to write.
1. What’s the best age to have children? Why?

2. How does your life change when you have your first baby, do you think?
3. Do you know people with children? Tell your classmate about them.
4. Do you ever look after children for friends or someone in your family? If yes, do
you like doing it?
Listen to this conversation…
ACTIVITY 2:
a. Look at the photo. How do the parents feel, do you think?
b. Listen and tick the things Vicky and Martin talk about.
Vicky Martin
1. feeling depressed
2. sleep problems
3. feeling lonely
4. social life
5. money
6. moving house
7. good things about being a parent
8. having more children
ACTIVITY 3:
a. Work in pairs. Who said these things?
1. ____________ I feel a bit guilty, so I try not to get home too late.
2. ____________ I get upset when he says he’s got too much work to do.
3. ____________ I’ve always got too many things to do.
4. ____________ She’s not old enough to talk.
5. ____________ I don’t have enough energy to do anything in the day.
6. ____________ I earn enough money for the whole family.
7. ____________ I think this place is big enough for us.
b. Listen again and check.
ACTIVITY 4:
a. Fill in the gaps with TOO, TOO MUCH, TOO MANY or (NOT) ENOUGH.
1. Two children are ____________. More than two is____________.

2. Fathers don’t spend ____________ time with their children.
3. Children spend ____________ time in their cellphones and tablets. They should play
outside more.
4. Eighteen-year-olds aren’t mature ____________ to have children.
5. You should make sure you’re earning ____________ money before you have children.
6. Forty isn’t ____________ old to have a child.
7. Children eat ____________ unhealthy food.
b. Tick the sentences you agree with.
c. Work in groups. Compare your answers and give reasons. Which sentences do you all
agree or disagree with?
LISTENING
R9.7
ACTIVITY 1:
Listen to five people talking about their neighbors. Put the pictures A to E in order.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
ACTIVITY 2:
Listen again and answer these questions in your notebook:
1. What do the first person’s neighbors do when she goes away?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What’s the second person thinking of doing?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How far away is the third person’s nearest neighbor?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Why does the fourth person think the children get into trouble?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Why is it important for the fifth person to park near her house?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Who do you think has the biggest problem with the neighbors?
_____________________________________________________________________
TEAM WORK
ACTIVITY 1:
b. Talk about the problems in your neighborhoods.
c. Choose one neighborhood to work with.
d. Make at least eight sentences in which you use too – too many – too much
– (not) enough.
e. Create a poster to motivate authorities and neighbors to solve these
problems.
f. You can use some of the phrases in the following box or your own ideas.
traffic – places for children to play – places to park – noise at night – public
transport – pollution – garbage and littering – abandoned dogs – late-night bars
and clubs – good schools – parks – sport centers – police – health centers.
Welcome to unit 4
Shop till you drop

• Listen and understand words, sentences and
conversations.
• Read and understand texts related to a topic and
answer questions about them.
• Understand how the PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE and the
PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE work and how they can be used
in real life contexts.
• Understand how articles A/AN and THE can help you to
achieve communication in English.
UNIT 4
Topic:
Shopping.
Grammar Focus:
Present Simple Passive – Past Simple Passive
Articles a/an – the.
Core Vocabulary:
Memorabilia – Auctions – Fashion victims.
SPEAKING
ACTIVITY 1:
Work in pairs, discuss about fashion and answer the following questions:
1. How important are clothes for people in your country?
2. Are clothes important for you? Why?
3. Talk about your shopping habits.
4. Do you think people spend too much money on clothes?
5. Do you know any “designer label”? Name the ones you can remember.
6. Which designer item would you like to have if you had the money?
7. What do you think “fashion victims” stands for?
ACTIVITY 2:
Share your answers with the class.
READING
ACTIVITY 1:
a. Read the following text and find out new words meanings.
b. Look at the pictures and the title and predict what the text is about.
Guccio Aldo, Rodolfo, Vasco Paolo Maurizio Patrizia Reggiani
Fashion Victims
The GUCCI Story
Lots of people love buying (1) clothes and Gucci is one of (2) the most famous fashion houses
in (3) the world. It was started in (4) Italy in 1921 by a man named Guccio Gucci. He was (5) a
designer who made leather bags and suitcases and he had (6) a small shop in (7) Florence.
(8) The shop was the beginning of the family business and by 1953 Guccio’s four sons Aldo,
Ugo, Vasco and Rodolfo were all working for the company.
When Guccio died in 1953, his eldest son Aldo became (9) the head of Gucci and took (10) the
Gucci label to (11) America, while Rodolfo managed the Italian side of the business. Aldo’s
son, Paolo, didn’t get on with his father or his uncle, so he made plans to start his own company
called Paolo Gucci. When Aldo discovered this, he sacked Paolo and made it impossible for his
son to start his own fashion business. Paolo was so angry that he told the Italian police his
father wasn’t paying enough tax. Aldo was sent to prison for a year and a day.
After Aldo died in 1990, his nephew, Maurizio, became the head of Gucci. Unfortunately Maurizio
wasn’t (12) a very good businessman and in 1991 the company lost $60 million. This was (13)
the worst year in Gucci’s history. Maurizio was also having problems with his marriage. One
day he went on a business trip and decided not to go back to his wife, Patrizia Reggiani. They
finally got divorced in 1994 and a year later Patrizia hired (14) a gunman to murder her ex-
husband. On 27th March 1995, (15) the gunman shot and killed Maurizio while he was walking
to work. Patrizia was sent to prison for 26 years, but she only spent 16 of them behind bars. She
is even now fighting to get her part of Maurizio’s inheritance.
Gucci (16) products are still sold all over the world, but there are no members of the Gucci
family in the successful business we know today.
ACTIVITY 2:
Complete the articles rules chart. Use the Grammar Appendix to guide you.
Rule 1: Example:
a designer
___________________________
a very good businessman
Rule 2: Example:
a/an
To talk about a person or a thing for ___________________
the first time. ___________________
Rule 1: Example:
___________________________ the shop

___________________________ the gunman
Example:
Rule 2:
___________________
When there is only one (or one in a
___________________
particular place).
the ___________________
Rule 3: Examples:
The most famous
___________________________
The worst
Rule 1:
Examples:
To talk about people or things in
___________________
general.
Examples:
We don’t use Rule 2: Italy
an article Florence
___________________________
America
ACTIVITY 3:
Read this text about Gianni Versace, another fashion victim, and complete the text
with the missing articles.
Gianni Versace – Fashion designer
Gianni Versace was born in 1946 in (1) _____ town called (2) _____Reggio
Calabria. Even when he was (3)_____ child he loved (4)______clothes.
When he was 25 he decided to go to (5) _____ Milan and become (6)
______ fashion designer, and in 1982 he won his first award for being
(7)______ best designer of (8)______ women’s clothes. He created (9)
_______ new perfume for men called “Versace L’Homme” in 1984. In 1995
he organized (10) _____ party with Elton John to raise money for (11) __-
__ AIDS patients. At (12) ______ party he signed copies of his new book
“Men without Ties” and gave all (13) _______ money from (14) ______
book to charity.
On July 15th 1997 Versace was murdered in (15) ________ Miami. At
first, no one really knew (16) ______ reason why he was killed, but later it
was discovered that Versace was murdered by (17) ____ serial killer who
committed suicide just 8 days after he shot (18) ____ famous designer.
ACTIVITY 4:
Pair work.
Create a set of four questions with their answers about the text. Write them down
in your notebook.
Share your work with the class.
READING
ACTIVITY 4:
Active or Passive?
Complete the text with the corresponding Passive or Active Voice form and the
correct tense of the verbs given in the box.
own—know—collect—sell—bring—buy—make—paint—take—produce—lose
The Memorabilia Business
Christie’s and Sotheby’s ________ all over the world for their sales of fine art. In May
2004, for example, a painting by Picasso called Boy with a Pipe ________ by Sotheby’s
for a record-breaking £58,000,000. But these two famous auction houses also ________
a lot of money selling memorabilia from the world of music, sport and cinema. Beatles
memorabilia is very valuable and ________ by fans all over the world—one of George
Harrison’s guitars ________ at Sotheby’s for £117,000 in the same week as the Picasso
painting. But you don’t have to go to an auction house ________ something that ________
by your favorite star—thousands of items of memorabilia ________ and ________ every
day on Internet sites like eBay.
ACTIVITY 2:
Work in your notebook.
a. Classify the verbs into Active and Passive.
b. Classify them into Present Simple and Past Simple form.
ACTIVITY 3:
a. Read the text again.
c. Create a vocabulary of at least 6 words and write their definitions in English. (Do not
use Spanish translation).
ACTIVITY 4:
a. Take a look at some of the Memorabilia items that people have bought over the years.
b. Talk to your classmate and look for all the passive sentences you can find in these
short texts. Write them down in your notebook.
ACTIVITY 5:
Work in pairs.
a. Guess the prices of these items when they were auctioned. Choose from the
prices in the box. Check the correct answers with your teacher.
£1,770,000 - £56,000 - £73,000 - £157,000 – £700,000
b. Answer the questions below.
1. Where was Ian Fleming’s typewriter made?

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
2. When was the photo of Pelé taken?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
3. Who were Elvis’s hair cuttings sold by?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
4. When was Marilyn Monroe’s dress sold?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
5. How much money was John Lennon’s Rolls Royce sold for?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
READING
ACTIVITY 1:

c. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct Active or Passive form.
e-Bay
Pierre Omidyar _______ (start) eBay in his apartment in 1995. At that time his
website _______ (call) AuctionWeb, but he _______ (change) the name to eBay in
1997. On its first day AuctionWeb _______ (not visit) by a single person, but eBay has
become one of the most successful Internet businesses in the world. It now _______
(have) over 27,000 categories and it _______ (use) by over 114 million people. About
100,000 people _______ (make) their living by selling things on eBay. Many people
_______ (go) to e-Bay to buy and sell unusual things. One person _______ (buy) a
piece of French toast, half-eaten by singer Justin Timberlake, for US$ 1,025 and a
game of golf with Tiger Woods _______ (buy) by a fan for US$ 425,000. One person
even _______ (try) to sell ‘absolutely nothing’-he got US $ 1.03!
VOCABULARY
The verbs below are some of the most common verbs used in the Passive Voice form.
manufacture—paint—direct—publish—write—build—invent—grow—make
ACTIVITY 1
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in the box. Then complete the sentences
to make them true for you.
1. My favorite book ______________ by______________.
2. My mobile phone ______________ in ______________.
3. My favorite film ______________ by ______________.
4. My house/flat ______________ about ______________ ago.
5. My favorite shoes ______________ in ______________.
6. My father’s car ______________ by ______________.
VIDEO WATCHING
Working in Fashion
Wendy talks to people working on a fashion shoot
Taken from:
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/uk-now/video-uk/working-fashion
ACTIVITY 1:
Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write a–h next to the
numbers 1–8 in the answer box.
a. the typical working hours of an office job

1. creative flair
or similar.
2. glamorous b. strong support for or loyalty to something.
3. tough-skinned c. not easily offended or upset.

d. a job or profession that you do for a long
4. a shoot
time or your whole life.
e. a talent or special ability for creating
5. dedication
things.
6. to manufacture f. to produce in a factory.
7. a career g. exciting and attractive.
8. nine to five h. a photography session.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
ACTIVITY 2:
Multiple Choice
Circle the best answer to these questions.
1. Working in fashion is …
a. glamorous and fun.
b. hard work.
c. not a career.
2. Now that they have finished college, these young people …

a. have no time for training.
b. can start the real learning.
c. are still learning all the time.
3. At college, Alex learned about …

a. textile design and the fashion industry.
b. cutting and sewing techniques.
c. brand design and fashion marketing.
4. Alex’s business is based in …

a. Manchester.
b. Edinburgh.
c. London.
5. The photographer can’t imagine …

a. doing a typical job.
b. using different equipment.
c. doing other types of photography.
6. Alex thinks university is …

a. important.
b. not very important.
c. not at all important.
7. Alex says the fashion industry…

a. is all glamour.
c. is sometimes glamorous.
d. is never glamorous.
8. The reward for the designer’s hard work is …

a. becoming famous.
c. choosing the styles people wear.
d. having a fun job.
ACTIVITY 3.
Vocabulary gap fill.
Complete the gaps with a word from the box.
dedication—design—shoots—living—communicator-- reward
1. It takes hard work and ______________ to make a career in fashion.

2. Alex went to the Royal College of Art, where she learned more about
textile ______________ and fashion.
3. Alex hires in the model, make-up artist and photographer for her
fashion ______________.
4. To be a good make-up artist you need to be a good ______________,
creative and tough-skinned.
5. I just absolutely love photography and to make a ______________
with, you know, through my work … it’s fun.
TEAM WORK
ACTIVITY 1:
b. You run an auction house just like Sotheby’s or Christie’s and you are
preparing a big sale on art, music, movies or memorabilia.
c. Create an advertising video / poster in which you promote your big sale.
Remember to mention the item, who it belonged to and the selling price.
d. Be creative!
Welcome to unit 5
Crime scene investigation

about them.
• Understand how the RELATIVE CLAUSES work and how they can be
used in real life contexts.
UNIT 5
Topic:
Crime.
Grammar Focus:
Relative clauses
Core Vocabulary:
Types of crime - criminals - investigation.
READING
PRE-READING:

Answer the questions below.
1. Do you follow crime series on Netflix, or Cable TV? Which ones? If not, Why not?
2. Do you ever watch TV programs about real-life crimes? If not, why do you think people
watch them?
MURDER SUICIDE
Taken and adapted from: https://www.rong-chang.com/qa2/stories/story020.htm
ACTIVITY 1:

A man and a woman (1) which died in an apparent murder-suicide last night were found
in Altadena, the town (2) where they lived for more than 30 years. The man, (3)
which was 74 years old, was called Dominic Vittorio and was married to Victoria, the
70-year-old woman found by his side. The couple, (4) who were married for 50 years,
celebrated their 50th anniversary the previous month, according to their next-door
neighbor, Mrs. Allen.
Mr. and Mrs. Vittorio were childless and had no close friends. Mr. Vittorio was a
retired carpenter (5) that developed emphysema. He was blind in one eye because of
a cataract (6) who got much worse than he expected. His wife was a diabetic (7) that
suffered the amputation of one foot because of complications from the disease, and
(8) whose eyesight was almost completely gone.
"They were such a nice couple," said Mrs. Allen. "I lived next to them for the last
20 years or so. I'm widowed, and Dom always helped me with things like changing
light bulbs and fixing appliances. Victoria liked coming over for a cup of coffee in the
afternoon, (9) which she did every other day. They had no kids, but they were always
friendly to the neighborhood kids. Every Halloween they handed out tons of candy and
fresh fruit (10) where the children enjoyed very much. But about eight years ago Vicky
came down with diabetes, and things were never the same for her or Dom. They were
friendly and full of life, but they just seemed to get quieter and quieter.
Mrs. Allen said she couldn’t talk to either of the Vittorios in almost a year. They never
came out anymore. Even food was delivered at their house (11) in that they spent all
day. That was one more reason to stay in all the time.
She said she heard two gunshots that night—"It scared me half to death!" She
immediately called the police. "Such a sad ending for such nice people," she said.
"Together in sickness, but alone in the world."
ACTIVITY 2:
You may have noticed that the text you’ve just read contains some mistakes: there
are a few relative pronouns that need to be corrected. The first one is done for
you.
a. Underline all the RELATIVE CLAUSES in the text. The RELATIVE PRONOUN of each
clause is already underlined for you.
b. Circle the wrong RELATIVE CLAUSES and write them in the box below.
c. Write the correct ones next to them.
WRONG CLAUSES CORRECTED CLAUSES
1. A man and a woman which died… 1. A man and a woman WHO died…
2. The man which was … 2. The man WHO/THAT was…
3. …a cataract who … 3. …a cataract WHICH/THAT
4. …and fresh fruit where the children… 4. … and fresh fruit WHICH/THAT the children…
5. their house in that they spent 5….their house IN WHICH they spent…
ACTIVITY 3
a. Answer the following questions. Do not look at the text and see how much you
remember.
1. Where did this murder-suicide happen?

___________________________________________________________
2. What were their names and how old were they?

___________________________________________________________
3. Who is Mrs. Allen?

___________________________________________________________
4. Why didn’t Mrs. Allen talk to them during a year?

___________________________________________________________
b. Say if these statements are true or false and justify the answer:
1. The Vittorios had a child who never visited them.

_____
___________________________________________________________
2. Mrs Vittorio suffered from cataracts.

_____
___________________________________________________________
3. Mrs Allen used to have a cup of coffee with the Vittorio’s.

_____
___________________________________________________________
5. The Vittorio’s were a friendly couple who shared with kids at Halloween.
_____
___________________________________________________________
c. Read the text again and check your answers.
d. Discuss the following questions in groups of three. You’re not allowed to write.
1. Why do you think the Vittorios killed themselves?

2. What does this story reveal about the elderly?
3. Do you think this also happens in our country? Why? Why not?
4. What is a good way to prevent this from happening?
VOCABULARY
ACTIVITY 1:
WHAT CRIME DID THEY COMMIT?
Taken from: https://www2.ku.edu/~topeka/THEMATIC_UNITS/Crime.pdf

a. Match these crimes (1-13) with their definitions (a-m).
CRIMES DEFINITIONS
1. MURDER a. To set fire to a building illegally.
2. KIDNAPPING b. To steal from someone’s pocket etc., without them realizing.
3. BURGLARY c. To steal, usually secretly and without violence.
4. MUGGING d. To steal things while pretending to shop.

e. Taking someone by and demanding money or conditions to free that
5. PICKPOCKETING
person.
6. ARSON f. To use force to take control of a plane, train, ship, etc.
g. To bring illegal goods, like drugs, into a country, or to bring goods into
7. RAPE
a country without paying taxes.
8. HIJACKING h. To take something by force from someone, often in the street.
9. FRAUD i. To violently attack a person sexually.
10. THEFT j. To kill someone by accident through a careless or dangerous act.
11. MANSLAUGHTER k. To unlawfully and deliberately kill someone.
12. SMUGGLING l. To deceive or cheat someone to get money.

m. To enter a building, often while no one is in it, and steal money or
13. SHOPLIFTING
objects
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
b. Fill in the blank spaces with the correct crimes for every situation.
David Smith got drunk one night and decided to drive home. As he
1._______________
turned a corner he crashed into another car and killed the driver.
John James pretended to start a business and persuaded some

2.._______________ people to lend him some money. He used the money to go on holiday
to the Caribbean.
Ronnie Tyler pulled out a gun from his pocket and shot the bank
3_______________
guard five times in the head.
4._______________ Peter Short stole a computer from the company he worked for.
5.._______________ Vincent Tapper took a pistol and ordered the pilot to fly to Miami.
Johnnie Smeghurst set fire to his school after failing all his
6.._______________
exams.
7.._______________ Joe Sykes forced his ex-girlfriend to make love with him.
Paul Winters and Jennifer Summers stopped millionaire William

8.._______________ Gates outside his home and forced him to go with them. They
demanded 30 million dollars from the family to free him.
Nigel Handy waited until night, carefully forced open the window
9.._______________
and climbed into the house. He took the TV and a lot of money.
Pete Murphy often went to the shopping center and took wallets
10.._______________
from the people shopping. They never felt a thing!
Anne Clinton walked around the department store and, making sure
11.._______________
no one was watching, put two expensive watches into her bag.
Harry Lee waited on a dark corner until the young woman turned
12.._______________ into the street. Then he jumped out, hit her in the face, and ran
off with her leather handbag.
John Bottomless was caught at the customs with $500,000 worth

13.._______________
of cocaine hidden in the doors of his car.
SPEAKING
ACTIVITY 1:
Group discussion.
Interview one another to discuss the questions below. You are not allowed to
write.
• Have you ever done anything illegal?

• Do you always lock your house? How about your car?
• Do you drink and drive?
• Do you walk alone at night in your home city?
• What crimes do you think will increase/decrease in the future?
• What kinds of crime are most common in your country?
• Why do people commit crimes?
READING

https://www2.ku.edu/~topeka/THEMATIC_UNITS/Crime.pdf
PRE-READING:
Work in groups of three and answer the questions below.

You are not allowed to write.
1. How honest are you?

2. Have you ever stolen anything?
3. Do you think theft is a common crime in Chile? Why? Why not?
ACTIVITY 1:

Picasso Painting is stolen in 35-second Gallery Raid

By John Steele and Godfrey Barker
1. A pony-tailed robber with a shotgun walked into a West-End art gallery yesterday
and stole US $650,000 Picasso painting before escaping in a taxi he had ordered to
wait outside. The raid, which took only 35 seconds, was described by police as “most
unusual”.
2. The man made no attempt to disguise himself from security cameras in the Lefevre
Gallery, one of London’s leading dealers in Impressionist works. Loss adjusters*
offered up to US$50,000 for information leading to the return of Tête de Femme, a
1939 oil portrait by Pablo Picasso of his then lover, Dora Maar.
3. The man, described as white and in his 30s, entered the gallery in midmorning and
approached an assistant to ask the price of the work, which was hanging on a wall visible
from the street. During their brief conversation he showed a shotgun underneath his
clothes. The assistant, who has worked at the gallery for 13 years said, “He asked only
for that one picture.” “Then he told me he had a shotgun and he wanted the painting.
He said: ‘Get it off the wall for me.’ I said, I couldn’t and told him to get it himself. So
he did and then he ran out.”
4. A security guard and another member of staff chased the robber but lost him in a
nearby side street where the taxi driver, who had originally picked him up, was waiting.
5. Mr. Summers, managing director of the gallery, declined to say whether the gallery
owned the painting or was selling it for a client. Mark Dalrymple, a loss adjuster, said,
“No one is going to be able to sell it at a serious price.”
* a person whose job is to decide how much money an insurance company should pay to a
person or company whose property is damaged or lost.
ACTIVITY 2:
Reading Comprehension:
a. Read the questions below first and then find the answers in the text.
1. Why did the police describe this robbery as ‘most unusual’?

_________________________________________________________________________
2. What did the robber take?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Where was this robbery committed?
_________________________________________________________________________
4. How much was this work of art worth?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Why did the loss adjuster say: “No one is going to be able to sell it at a serious
price.”?
_________________________________________________________________________
b. Say whether these statements are True or False? Say why.

1. The assistant at the art gallery was new and inexperienced.
____ _________________________________________________________________
2. The robber entered the art gallery at midday.
____ _________________________________________________________________
3. The robber had to take the painting off the wall himself.
____ _________________________________________________________________
4. The police chased him and lost him in a nearby alley.
____ _________________________________________________________________
LISTENING
R11.4
ACTIVITY 1:
Work in pairs.
There has been a murder in Yately, a village in England. Listen to the conversation and
match the people to their descriptions
Mary The murder victim

Alice The new person in the village
Barry Clark Ellen and Jack’s son
Ellen The owner of the flower shop
Jack Miller Jack’s wife
Adam Jack’s business partner
ACTIVITY 2:
Listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions
1. When did the murder happen? __________________________________________
2. Where was the body found? ___________________________________________

When did the Garden Centre open? _______________________________________
3. How was the victim killed? _____________________________________________
4. What were Barry and Jack arguing about yesterday? __________________________
5. Who wanted to get divorced? ____________________________________________
6. Why was Adam sent to prison? ___________________________________________
7. When did he come out of prison? _________________________________________
ACTIVITY 3:
Look at the following clues in the Jack Miller’s murder case and fill in the blanks with WHO,
WHICH, THAT or WHERE. Remember that in some of them more than an option is possible.
This is the bullet ____________was taken form Jack Miller’s body.
This is the neighbor ____________ saw someone breaking into Barry Clark’s house
on the night of the murder.
This is the address of the flat ____________ Adam stayed on the night of the
murder. It’s thirty miles away from Yately.
These are the two people ____________ were visiting Ellen on the night of the
murder. They say they all went out to dinner.
These are the bullets ____________ were found in Barry Clark’s house.
This is the rose ____________ was found on the body.
This is the person ____________ says she was with Adam on the night of the
murder.
This is the Hotel ____________ Barry Clark stayed the night of the murder.
This is the gun ____________ the police found in Barry Clark’s house. It’s
the same gun ____________ was used to kill Jack Miller.
This is the restaurant ____________ Ellen and her friends had dinner on the
night of the murder.
This is the button ____________ was found next to Jack’s body.
ACTIVITY 4:
a. After paying close attention to the clues in Jack Miller’s murder, discuss with your
classmate and try to find out who killed Jack and which was the motive for this murder.
b. Listen to the news report (R11.5) and find out who really committed the murder.
VOCABULARY
ACTIVITY 1:
a. Complete the chart with the words in the box. Remember to classify them under
the correct title.
steal – murderer – burgle – robbery – thief – robber – murder – burglary
CRIME CRIMINAL VERB
theft
murder
rob
burglar
b. Choose the correct words from the chart to complete these sentences. Remember to use
the correct form if the word is a verb.
1. Three men _______ a bank in London last night and _______ over £500,000. This was
the third bank _______ in the city this month.
2. A man was _______ yesterday in Los Angeles. The police arrested the _______ who
had left the _______ weapon with his prints in it next to the body.
3. My sister’s apartment was _______ last week. The _______ took all her valuables.
Unfortunately, _______ is one of the most common crimes in our city.
LISTENING
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

Taken from: http://zappenglish.com/zapp-english-listening-3-20-crime-punishment
(Only up to 2’31’’)
In the following conversation you are going to hear two men and a woman talking
about their experiences with crime.
ACTIVITY 1:
About the first man
Answer the following questions.
1. What crimes has he experienced?
A ___________________________________________
B ___________________________________________
2. How old was he when the first incident happened?

___________________________________________
3. Where did the second incident happen?

___________________________________________
4. What did he lose?

___________________________________________
*to be glassed on the face: to be attacked or assaulted with a glass weapon.
ACTIVITY 2:
About the second man
True or False? Justify the false ones.
1. ____ He was pick-pocketed on a bus.

2. ____ The thief escaped through the door.
3. ____ He lost around US $100 in cash.
ACTIVITY 3:
About the woman

Complete the missing parts on what the woman says.
1. ‘I had a ____________ experience with American Express.’

2. ‘I had Traveler’s checks stolen in __________’
TEAM WORK
ACTIVITY 1:

b. You all live in a rough neighborhood. Every home on your street has been broken into.
You are a group of neighbors who are very concerned about your situation. You want a
better place to live with your families.
c. After a neighbors meeting you decided to make a campaign to stop crime in your
neighborhood.
d. Create a poster in which you present ideas to motivate your neighbors to get involved in
this movement.
Welcome to unit 6
REVIEW AND CONSOLIDATION
VIDEO WATCHING SPEAKING
ACTIVITY 1:
Watch the following videos about the best places to go on holiday.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hoGpYyn4Bs Grand Canyon in Depth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAyRBqKk3hk Great Barrier Reef, Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fWURU2Z2s 10 Reasons why Cape Town is the Best City in the World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KejZNiemNfE New Zealand Amazing Road Trip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7Nhwt8GQAI Walt Disney World Resorts Commercial
ACTIVITY 2:
Work with a partner or in groups of three

Discuss orally the following questions. (No writing is allowed).
a) What do you think is the main purpose in every video?
b) In your opinion, which is the most appealing of all the videos? Give reasons.
c) Which of these places would you like to visit? Why?
d) Which place would you never visit? Why?
ACTIVITY 3:
TEAM WORK
ACTIVITY 1:
How much do you know about Chile?

1. Work in groups of three.
2. Take the following quiz about Chile at https://www.commisceo-global.com/
resources/quizzes/country-specific-quizzes?view=quiz&quiz_id=21
3. Once you have checked your answers, visit the page https://www.commisceo-
global.com/resources/country-guides/chile-guide and read the article Chile
Guide. Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. This article may be surprising.
SPEAKING
ACTIVITY 1:
Role Play
You and your classmate are friends. You’re going on vacation very soon but have made
different plans. Talk about your personal plans for your holiday and plan out some time
to spend together.
Use decisions made before the moment of speaking, spontaneous decisions, predictions
based on evidence and based on opinion, offers and promises. Remember you can’t
write it down.
TEAM WORK
FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL GAME

https://www.eslbase.com/activities/conditional-board-game
Teacher notes
Conditional board game
Language point: First and Second Conditionals.
Aim: To practice First and Second Conditional structures.
Activity:
Students ask and answer questions using the First and Second Conditionals in
order to move along the board and reach the end.
Organization: Group work.
Preparation: Make a copy of the board game for each group of three or four
students. Each player needs a counter and each group needs a die.
What do I do?
1. Divide students into groups of 3 or 4.
2. Give each player a counter and each group a copy of the board game and a
die.
3. Students place their counters on START and throw the die to decide who
starts.
4. Student A throws the die and moves forward that number of squares.
5. Student B asks Student A the question on that square. If Student A answers
with the correct Conditional form, and the rest of the group agree that the
answer is correct, Student A's counter remains where it is. If the answer is
incorrect, the counter returns to its original square.
6. Students take turns, repeating step 5 and moving around the board until
one student reaches FINISH. This student is the winner!
© 2006 www.eslbase.com. This worksheet may be photo copied for class use.
ESLBASERESOURCES
ACTIVITY 1:
Follow your teacher’s instructions to play the game.
1
Start ... if you
2
3
4
What will you do / ... If you
met the ... if it rains
go out Miss a turn!
What would you American tonight?
do... tonight?
President?
9 5
8 7 6
... if you saw ... if you
... if you ... if you
Tom Cruise Go back can’t sleep are sick
could speak
walk by the 2 spaces perfect
tonight? tomorrow?
classroom? English?
11 13
10 14
12
... if you ... if you
... if you Move
broke your ... if this saw your
found $100
on the
friend’s building teacher in forward
favorite cell caught fire? a police
street?
phone? car?
2 spaces
17
15
19 18 16
... if you
... If you
... if you hit a needed ... if you
cat with your
Miss a a lot of get a lot of
have a
turn! headache
car? money very homework?
tonight?
quickly?
20 21 22 24
23
... if you ... if your ... if you Move
... if your
spoke best friend lost the
perfect forgot your keys to
Laptop forward
broke?
Russian? birthday? your house? 3 spaces
27 25
28 26
... if your ... if you had
Finish Go back fridge was
... If you
an important
won the
2 spaces! empty exam in two
lottery?
tonight? days’ time?
TEAM WORK

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-
english-62359.php
ACTIVITY 1:
Complete the text with the corresponding Passive Voice form and the correct tense
of the verbs given in the box. (Some verbs are not needed and some may be used
more than once).
receive—make—open —sell—give—bring—close—see—know—manufacture
The Hamburger

The hamburger _________ by almost everybody in nearly all over the world. The first
hamburgers _________ and _________ in Connecticut in 1895 by an American called
Louis Lassen. They _________ hamburgers because Louis _________ the recipe by
sailors from Hamburg in Germany.
Hamburgers became a favorite meal in America in the early part of the twentieth
century. Their popularity grew even more after the Second World War, when they
_________ in large quantities by teenagers who preferred fast food to family meals.
The first drive-in hamburger restaurant _________ in 1948 by two brothers, Dick and
Mac Donald, in San Bernardino, California.
Since then over 25,000 McDonald’s restaurants have been opened worldwide and now
35 million MacDonald's hamburgers _________ every day in 115 countries from India
to the Arctic Circle.
ACTIVITY 2:
a. Read the text again, identify new words and find out their meanings with
the help of your teacher.
SPEAKING
ACTIVITY 1 :
a. Work with a classmate.

b. Discuss the following questions.
1. How important are clothes for you?
2. Do you agree with people who say that if you want to succeed in life,
you have to be ‘dressed up to the nines’?
c. Answer the questionnaire below.
d. Check the answers with your teacher
VIDEO WATCHING
ACTIVITY 1 :
Watch the video called “Keeping you Home Safe from Burglary” - Tips from a Professional Burglar
and answer these multiple choice questions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc3hbR5BcBg
1. How many houses did this burglar burgled?
a. About one hundred or a hundred and fifty.
b. More than a hundred and fifty.
c. A hundred.
d. He does not remember.
2. What makes a home a target?

a. Not to have security cameras.
b. Mail in the box or no car in the driveway.
c. No car in the garage and no mail in the box.
d. No fences or no dog in the yard.
3. What time do thieves strike?

a. After 2:00 pm
b. Between 2:00 pm and 8:00 pm.
c. Between 8:00 am and 2:00 pm.
d. At night.
4. What is the burglar’s worst nightmare?
a. Coming face to face with somebody in the house.
b. That neighbors face them.
c. Not to find any valuables inside the house.
d. That the alarm warns the police.
5. Why do the burglar say that alarm systems do not work?

a. Because they have a long time to steal things before the police arrive.
b. Because alarms are too noisy.
c. Because they know people are not at home when the alarm is on.
d. Because they just don’t mind about alarms.
6. How do burglars break into houses?

a. They have a lot of tools to open doors or windows.
b. They break window glasses.
c. They break locks on doors.
d. They look for an open window or door.
7. The best way to avoid being burgled is…

a. to have a good security system.
b. to have security cameras as well as an alarm system.
c. to lock all windows and doors.
d. to have a neighbor watching your house.
VIDEO WATCHING
Watch and enjoy.

GRAMMAR SHOW VIDEO ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpYTihB4bqc
CONGRATULATIONS!
You have finished level 3
You are one step forward to becoming Bilingual.
These are some of the advantages of being bilingual :

• It improves certain aspects of the brain.
• It helps develop higher levels of cognitive control.
• It slows down the aging process.
• It makes you smarter.
• It helps you make better decisions.
• It helps you avoid distractions.
• It gives you more authentic experiences when traveling.
• It helps you to become more culturally aware.
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS 2
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was/were been let let let
become became become lie lay lain
begin began begun lose lost lost
bet bet bet make made made
bite bit bitten meet met met
blow blew blown pay paid paid
break broke broken put put put
bring brought brought read read read
build built built ride rode ridden
buy bought bought ring rang rung
can could been able run ran run
catch caught caught say said said
choose chose chosen see saw seen
come came come sell sold sold
cost cost cost send sent sent
cut cut cut set set set
do did done shake shook shaken
draw drew drawn shoot shot shot
drink drank drunk show showed shown
drive drove driven sing sang sung
eat ate eaten sink sank sunk
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
feel felt felt speak spoke spoken
find found found spell spelled/spelt spelt
fly flew flown spend spent spent
forget forgot forgotten split split split
get got got/gotten spread spread spread
give gave given stand stood stood
go went gone/been steal stole stolen
grow grew grown strike struck struck
hang hung hung swim swam swum
have had had take took taken
hear heard heard teach taught taught
hide hid hidden tell told told
hit hit hit think thought thought
hold held held throw threw thrown
keep kept kept understand understood understood
know knew known wake woke woken
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt wear wore worn
leave left left win won won
lend lent lent write wrote written
Grammar Appendix
Unit 1
The Future Tense
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/future.htm
In this section you will learn about The

Future Tense in:
• its forms
• its use
THE FUTURE TENSE
There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future. They can be
divided into four forms :
1. WILL+INFINITIVE
2. BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE
3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR ARRANGEMENTS
4. PRESENT SIMPLE FOR SCHEDULED EVENTS
1. WILL +INFINITIVE
A. Predictions Based on Experience or Opinion (No Evidence)

WILL+Infinitive (without ‘to’) is used to make predictions with no evidence about the
future.
Subject Pronouns Main Verb (bare infinitive) Predicate
I
you WILL call at 6.00
He/she /it
we
they
Examples:
• The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow.
• Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.
• In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers in school.
• Do you think she will come soon?
• I know my parents won't let me go to the party.
B. Offers
WILL+Infinitive (without ‘to’) is used to make offers and it is always
formulated in first person singular or plural, and it’s always affirmative.
Main Verb (Infinitive Predicate
Subject WILL
without ‘to’) (Object)
WILL
(contracted form
I /We help Sara (for you)
‘LL is often
used)
fix the car (for you)
talk to him (for you)
Examples:
• A: I can’t do this. B: I’LL help you.
• A: I need a few more eggs for the cake. B: I’LL go get them.
• A: I’m so tired! These bags are so heavy! B: I’LL help you with them.
• A: She doesn’t listen to me. B: I’LL talk to her for you.
C. Promises
WILL+Infinitive (without ‘to’) is used to make promises. It’s used in affirmative and
negative forms, with different subjects.
Note: The context states the intention of the speaker when used with ‘I’ and ‘We’, so
that it’s not confused with making an offer.
Main Verb (Infinitive

Subject WILL Object+Complement
without ‘to’)
WILL
I-You-He-She- We- (contracted form
call you tonight
You-They ‘LL is often
used)
pay you back
IT is never used in
promises
Examples:
• A: Here’s the money you need. B: Thank you. I’ll pay you back as soon as I can.
• A: So, when are you coming to visit again? B: I’ll come around next month. See
you then.
• A: So, this is the car. Take good care of it. You know I never lend it to anyone.
B: No worries. I’ll take care of it and I’ll be extra careful. I promise
D. Requests
WILL+Infinitive (without ‘to’) is used to make requests that are not very polite. They
are formulated in question form and normally address a ‘You’.
Main Verb ‘please’+
Object+Complement+
WILL Subject (Infinitive Question
comma
without ‘to’) Mark
WILL you open the door, please?

give me the bill, please?
Examples:
• Will you close that window, please? It’s too noisy outside.
• It’s late. Will you speed up, please?
• I have a headache. Will you turn off the TV, please?
• I don’t feel very well. Will you keep quiet, please?
E. Spontaneous Decisions (Made at the moment of speaking)
WILL+Infinitive (without ‘to’) is used to express spontaneous decisions. They are always
formulated in First Person Singular or Plural and in affirmative form. The context helps
distinguish this form from making promises and offers, as it is obviously a spontaneous
reaction.
Main Verb (Infinitive Predicate

Subject WILL
without ‘to’) (Object)
WILL (contracted
the door* ( the
I /We form ‘LL is often answer
doorbell is ringing)
used)
a sandwich*
get (I’ve just seen a
cafeteria)
Examples:
• My phone doesn’t work. Hmmmm, I’LL call Jeff. He’s a technician.
• Tomorrow is Mark’s birthday. I’LL get him something from this shop. It looks
like a good place to buy.
• A: Alice is ill in hospital. B: Really? I didn’t know. I’LL go see her today after
work.
2. BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE
A. Intentions or decisions made before the moment of speaking.

The Future Tense Form BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE is used to talk about
intentions (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)
Subject GOING Main Verb (bare

Verb to Be Predicate
Pronouns TO infinitive)
I am
you are going to stop smoking this year.
He/she /it is
we are
they are
Examples:
• We’re going to buy a new car next month.
• I’ve decided I’m going to stop eating so much junk.
• He’s not going to go to out tonight. He’s got too much work.
• Are you going to play basketball after school?
Note: GOING TO is often used in the past tense to talk about an unfulfilled intention.
Examples: I was going to study for my grammar test, but I had no time.
He was going to call you, but he couldn’t find his mobile phone. / My grandmother
was going to visit us, but she fell and broke her arm.
B. Predictions Based on Evidence

The Future Tense Form BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE is used to make
predictions based on evidence. It’s NOT an opinion. It’s form is as follows:
GOING Main Verb

Subject Verb to Be Predicate
TO (Infinitive)
It is going to rain tomorrow
Examples:
• Look at the clouds!* It’s going to rain.
• The little girl is playing and her shoelaces are undone*. She’s going to fall.
*Evidence that the speaker must provide.
3. PRESENT CONINUOUS FOR FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS is used to talk about arrangements. (An

arrangement is a plan for the future that you have already thought about and
discussed with someone else.) Here, the tense is NOT IN PRESENT TENSE, but
rather in FUTURE TENSE.
Subject Main Verb in ING

Verb to Be Predicate
Pronouns FORM
I am
you are travelING tonight.
He/she /it is
we are
they are
Examples:
• I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.

• Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.
• Sorry, I can't stay after school today; I'm playing tennis with Mark.
• My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.
• Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?
4. SCHEDULED EVENTS
THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE is also used to refer to future events that are scheduled
(and out of our control). In this case, this form does NOT REFER TO AN EVENT IN
PRESENT TENSE, but rather to a FUTURE EVENT TAKING PLACE REGULARLY, AS
IN A SCHEDULE.
Affirmative
Subject
Main Verb Predicate
Pronouns
start
I/you/we/they/
At 6:00 PM.
starts
he/she /it
Negative
Subject
Auxiliary +NOT Predicate
Pronouns
Do not start (don’t
I/you/we/they/ start)
At 6:00 PM.
Does not start
he/she /it
(doesn’t start)
Interrogative
Question
Auxiliary Personal Pronoun Main Verb Predicate
Mark
I/you/we/they
Do
start ?
At 6:00 PM.
he/she/it
Does
Examples:
• Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.

• I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York
• at midnight the next day.
• She has an appointment with the headmaster after school today.
• There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.
• When does the meeting begin?
The Possessive Pronouns
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/possessive-pronouns/
Face 2Face Pre-Intermediate Language Summary
In this section you will learn about the

Possessive Pronouns in:
• its forms
• its use
The Form of the Possessive Pronouns
Possessive
Subject (Subject )+Verb Be
Pronoun
Demonstratives
(car) is—was—has
This/That been
These/Those (cars) are—were—
have been
MINE , YOURS,
Subject Pronoun Verb Be HIS
HERS, OURS,
THEIRS
It is—was—has been
They
are---were—have
been
REMEMBER PRONOUNS are commonly confused with POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.
They look very similar; however, they are used in a slightly different way. When we use
possessive adjectives, we need a noun, but when we use possessive pronouns, we don’t
because it’s already been mentioned, or it’s known by the speakers.
Possessive Possessive
Subject Pronoun
Adjectives Pronoun
I my mine
You your yours
He his his
She her hers
It its -----
We our ours
They their theirs
The Use of Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone. We often use

possessive pronouns when we know what thing we are talking about:
• Is this your camera? No, it’s HIS.

Examples:
• That’s my bag : That’s MINE (that bag is mine)

• Those are Jane’s shoes: Those are HERS (those shoes are hers)
• My phone is dead. Pass me YOURS. (Pass me your phone)
• Did you know that Labrador is MINE? (My Labrador)
• The house on the corner is THEIRS. (Their corner)
• That car belongs to Mark. It’s HIS. (It’s HIS car)
Vocabulary Appendix
Unit 1
backpacking – hitch-hiking – camping – staying in a hotel/hostel/ inn – trekking

– climbing – rafting – sailing – exploring – sightseeing – waste - taking pictures/
photos – spend time - sandboarding – go on vacation - going on a tour – plan out a
holiday - buy a/an expensive car – gamble at the casino – throw a big pool party –
rent an island for a weekend – move around in a limousine – buy property – start a
business – save the money in the bank – get plastic surgery – invest in art – donate
to charity – support a charity – visit a place – conserve – benefit- damage – recycle
– tip – settle in – get on well – hang out.
time-consuming – impressive – astonishing – amazing – colorful – outdoor – risky
–– cultural – local – visitor – waste – resources – non-polluting – beneficial –
natural - artificial – carefree – sensible – careful – wise – homesick – adventurer.
adventure – glaciers – lagoons – mountain ranges – grasslands – green forests –
dunes – volcanoes - destination - ecotourism – culture – (high/low/fair) price
– conservation – wild life – community – environment- damage- arrangements –
shock – background - adventure seekers.
Grammar Appendix
Unit 2
The Modal Verb CAN
This section will present the Modal Verb CAN in

• its forms
• its uses
The Modal Verb CAN

The modal verb can is very common verb form the English language. It has different
meanings and it goes together with another verb which keeps its form.
Ex: George can draw very well.
Not, George can draws very well.
The forms of the Modal Verb CAN
Affirmative forms of the Modal Verb CAN
Subject Pronouns Modal verb CAN Main Verb

I
you
He/she /it Can drive
we
you
Negative Forms of the Modal Verb CAN
Subject Pronouns Modal verb CAN Main Verb
I
you
He/she /it Can’t drive
we
you
Interrogative Forms of the Modal Verb CAN
Modal Verb CAN Main Verb
I
Can you
He/she /it drive ?
we
you
Examples:
• Can you play a musical instrument?
• No, I can’t.
• What about your brother Allan? Can he play the guitar?
• Yes, he can. He’s in a band.
• Can they come and play at the university?
• No, they can’t now. They are on tour.
The uses of the Modal Verb CAN
This modal verb is used to express ability, and possibility, to ask for permission and to request
something. Examples:
• Ability: I can drive very well.
• Possibility: The band can play on Saturday
• Asking for permission: Can I come in, please?
• Request: Can you help me, please?
Remember:
• The modal verb CAN never changes; it doesn’t carry an‘s’ with ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’.
Ex: She can drive. √
NOT She cans drive ×
• The verb that follows CAN, called ‘main verb’, never carries a ‘to’.
Ex: I can drive √
NOT: I can to drive×
The Modal Verb SHOULD
This section will present the Modal Verb SHOULD

in
• its forms
• its uses
The Modal Verb SHOULD

The modal verb Should is a common verb form of the English language. SHOULD is
used with another verb which keeps its infinitive form but without ‘to’.
Ex: Andrea should visit Brazil. It’s wonderful. (Andrea should to visit Brazil. It’s
wonderful.)
The forms of the Modal Verb SHOULD
Affirmative forms of the Modal Verb SHOULD
Subject Pronouns Modal verb SHOULD Main Verb + Complement

I
you
He/she /it should visit Brazil
we
you
Negative Forms of the Modal Verb SHOULD
Subject Pronouns Modal verb SHOULD + not Main Verb + Complement
I
you
He/she /it should not visit Brazil
we (shouldn’t)
you
Interrogative Forms of the Modal Verb SHOULD
Modal Verb CAN Main Verb + Comp.+ ?
I
Should you
He/she /it visit Brazil?
we
you
Examples:
• What should I do this summer?
• You should travel abroad.
• Good Idea! Should I go to Brazil, or to Argentina?
• I think you shouldn’t go to Argentina, it’s not convenient.
• I should go with my parents. They should have a good holiday.
• Yes, they should. You should too!
The use of the Modal Verb SHOULD
This modal verb is used to express recommendation or advice.

• You should travel in economy class. It’s convenient.
• If Mike is tired, he shouldn’t come to the party.
• It’s very hot these days, you should put on sunscreen.
• Should I call my parents if I have a problem?
Remember:
• The modal verb SHOULD stays the same at all times.
• The verb that follows SHOULD, called ‘main verb’, stays the same and never carries a
‘to’.
The Modal Verb MUST and the Semi-modal verb HAVE TO
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/intermediate-grammar/modals-1
https://www.gymglish.com/en/english-grammar/must-vs-have-to
HAVE TO and MUST are both used to express obligation; but there’s a slight difference in
the way they are used.
The forms of the Modal Verb MUST

Affirmative forms of the Modal Verb MUST
Modal verb Main Verb

Subject Pronouns Predicate
MUST +Predicate
I
you
He/she /it must call dad today
we
you
Negative Forms of the Modal Verb MUST
Subject Pronouns Have to Main Verb Predicate
I-you-we-they don’t have to

work late
he/she /it doesn’t have to
Interrogative Forms of the Modal Verb MUST
Modal Verb Question

Main Verb Predicate
MUST Mark
I
Must you
formal
he/she /it dress ?
tonight
we
they
The forms of the Semi- Modal Verb HAVE TO

Affirmative forms of the Semi Modal Verb HAVE TO
Subject Pronouns HAVE TO Main Verb Predicate
I
you
we have to work late
they
He/she /it has to
Negative Forms of the Modal Verb HAVE TO
Aux DO/DOES+NOT+
Subject Pronouns Main Verb Predicate
HAVE TO
do not (don’t) have to

I-you-we-they
work late
Does not (doesn’t) have
he/she /it
to
Interrogative Forms of the Modal Verb HAVE TO
Modal Verb Question

Pronouns Have to verb Predicate
MUST mark
I
you
do - does he/she /it have to work late ?
we
they
MUST and HAVE TO
Have to shows us that the obligation comes from somebody else. It’s a law or a rule and
the speaker can’t change it.
• Do you HAVE TO wear a uniform at your school?

• John can’t come because he HAS TO work tomorrow.
• In Britain you HAVE TO buy a TV license every year.
MUST shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker. It isn’t a law or a
rule.
Examples:
• I MUST call my dad tonight.

• You MUST hand in your homework on Tuesday or your mark will be zero.
• You MUST come and visit us the next time you come to London.
We use DON’T HAVE TO to show that there is no obligation. You can do something if you
want to but it’s not compulsory.
Examples:
• You don’t HAVE TO wear a tie in our office. You can wear a tie if you want to but it’s
OK if you don’t.
• It’ll be nice if you do but you don’t HAVE TO come with me if you don’t want to.
• You don’t HAVE TO dress up for the party. Wear whatever you feel comfortable in.
MUSN’T is used to show that something is prohibited – it is not allowed.
• You MUSTN’T speak when the teacher is speaking.

• You MUSTN’T speed up in this area.
BE ABLE TO – BE ALLOWED TO —BE SUPPOSED TO
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-can-could-able.htm https://www.grammarly.com/
blog/supposed-to/
In this section you will learn about BE ABLE TO –BE

ALLOWED TO—BE SUPPOSED TO in
• its forms
• its uses
BE ABLE TO-- BE ALLOWED TO –BE SUPPOSED TO
We use BE ABLE TO-- BE ALLOWED TO –BE SUPPOSED TO as substitutes of

the Modal Verb CAN when CAN is not possible to be used for grammatical reasons;
when we want to give some emphasis; or when we want to change to a more formal
context.
1. BE ABLE TO
Its Form
BE ABLE TO is used as a substitute of the verb CAN to talk about ABILITY OR
POSSIBILITY.
Subject Main verb BE ABLE TO+Infinitive

Affirmative I am able to drive
Negative we aren’t/ ( are not) able to drive
Main Verb BE Subject ABLE TO+Infinitive +?
Are you able to drive?
Its Use
We use BE ABLE TO to express ability. "Able" is an adjective meaning having the power,
skill or means to do something. If we say "I AM ABLE TO swim", it is like saying "I can swim".
We sometimes use BE ABLE TO instead of "can" or "could" for ability. BE ABLE

TO is possible in all tenses - but "can" is possible only in the present and "could" is
possible only in the past for ability. In addition, "can" and "could" have no infinitive form.
So we use BE ABLE TO when we want to use other tenses or the infinitive.
Examples:
• I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO swim since I was five. (present perfect)
• I WAS ABLE to run very fast when I was a child. (past simple)
• You WILL BE ABLE TO speak perfect English very soon. ( ‘will future’)
• I would like TO BE ABLE TO fly an airplane. (infinitive)
2. BE ALLOWED TO
Its Form
Main verb
Subject ALLOWED TO+Infinitive+complement
BE
Affirmative I Am allowed to smoke in here
aren’t/ ( are
Negative you allowed to smoke
not)
Main
Subject allowed TO+Infinitive +?
Verb BE
Are We allowed to smoke?
Its Use
We use BE ALLOWED TO to express permission. We use this form to express there
is a rule or regulation which permits us to do something. If we say "We are ALLOWED
TO smoke in here", it is like saying "We can smoke in here".
We use BE ALLOWED TO instead of "can" or "could" (past). This form is possible to

be used in all tenses - but "can" is possible only in the present and "could" is possible only
in the past for ability. In addition, "can" and "could" have no infinitive form. So we use BE
ALLOWED TO when we want to use other tenses or the infinitive form.
Examples:
• I HAVE BEEN ALLOWED TO park in this spot since I moved in this building.
(present perfect)
• When I was younger, I WASN’T ALLOWED TO stay up until late.
• We WILL BE ALLOWED TO speak Spanish when the English class is over. (

‘will future’)
• Workers would like TO BE ALLOWED TO leave early on Fridays. (infinitive)
• We WILL BE ALLOWED TO speak Spanish when the English class is over. (

‘will future’)
• Workers would like TO BE ALLOWED TO leave early on Fridays. (infinitive)
BE SUPPOSED TO
Its Form
BE SUPPOSED TO is used as a substituf the modal verb MUST or the semi-modal
verb HAVE TO to talk about OBLIGATION.
Subject Main verb BE SUPPOSED TO+Infinitive+complement
Affirmative I am supposed to wear a uniform

aren’t/ ( are
Negative you supposed to wear a uniform
not)
Main
Subject supposed TO+Infinitive +?
Verb BE
Interrogative Are we supposed to wear a uniform?
Its Use
We use BE SUPPOSED TO to express the idea that someone or something is EXPECTED

TO or REQUIRED TO be or do something. BE SUPPOSED TO is used instead of ‘must’
or ‘have to’ for strong suggestions or obligations. If we say "You are SUPPOSED TO be
here at 7:00”, it is like saying "You must (or have to) be here at 7:00.”
We use BE SUPPOSED TO instead of ‘must’ or ‘have to’ to express ideas in present and
past, mostly - but "must" is possible only in the present, while ‘have to’ is a semi-modal which
needs the aux ‘does’ to be used in questions and in negative forms (ex. A: Do you have to
arrive early? B: No, I don’t have to).
In addition, "must" has no infinitive form. So we use BE SUPPOSED TO when we want

to use other tenses or the infinitive of ‘must’.
Examples:
• You are SUPPOSED TO finish this by Friday. That’s the deadline.
• Mark WAS SUPPOSED TO be here half an hour ago. Where is he?
• Bill, where were we SUPPOSED TO meet Mike?
• What time was the show SUPPOSED TO start?
Vocabulary Appendix
Unit 2
host – hostess – elder – surroundings – etiquette and manners – host country –

mannerism - behavior – holy ground – customs – obnoxious – ancient – civilian –
ethics – population – beliefs – norms – dress code – well-being – hand shake – gender
– gesture – fasting -
greet – whistle – object – observe – apologize – forgive – laugh – avoid – offend –

respect – inquire – remove/take off – pat.
be aware – rude – polite – sacrilegious – left – right – sacred – Muslim – welcoming –

tolerant –- conservative – be mindful – cosmopolitan – impure.

Grammar Appendix
Unit 3
First and Second Conditional

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/intermediate-grammar/conditionals-1
In this section you will learn about First and Second

Conditional
• Their forms
• Their uses
Their Forms
In FIRST CONDITIONAL sentences, the structure is usually if + present simple and

will + infinitive. It’s not important which clause comes first.
Example:
• If it SNOWS tomorrow, I’LL go skiing. (It may snow tomorrow.)
In SECOND CONDITIONAL sentences, the structure is usually if + past simple

and would + infinitive. It’s not important which clause comes first.
Example:
• If it SNOWED tomorrow, I’D go skiing. (It almost certainly won’t snow
tomorrow.)

Their Uses
FIRST CONDITIONAL
We use the FIRST CONDITIONAL when we talk about real and possible
situations in the present or in the future.
Examples:
• I WILL go (I’LL go) shopping on the way home if I HAVE time.
• If it’S a nice day tomorrow, we’ LL GO to the beach.
• If Arsenal WIN, they’ LL be top of the league.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
The second conditional is used to talk about ‘unreal’ or imaginary situations. It

expresses unreal situations in the present or future.
Examples:
• If I WON a lot of money, I WOULD (I’D buy) a big house in the country.
• Where WOULD you live if you COULD live anywhere in the world?
• If you DIDN’T SMOKE so much, you ’D feel a lot better.
NOTE:
Although many conditional sentences use if + will/would, conditional
sentences can also use other words instead of ‘if ’ – e.g. ‘when’ ‘as soon as’ ‘in
case’. Other modal verbs can be used instead of ‘will/would’ – e.g. ‘can/could’,
‘may’ ‘might’.

QUANTIFIERS
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar/quantifiers
In this section you will learn about Quantifiers in

• Their forms
• Their uses
QUANTIFIERS
We use QUANTIFIERS when we want to give someone information about the number or

amount of something: how much or how many. They are used with Countable and Uncountable
nouns.

Too, Too Much, Too Many, (not) Enough
1. We use TOO, TOO MUCH AND TOO MANY to say something is more than we want.
TOO +ADJECTIVE
• Example: I try not to get home too late.
TOO+ MUCH+ UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
• Example: He’s got too much work to do.
TOO+ MANY+ COUNTABLE NOUN
• Example: I’ve always got too many things to do.
2. We use NOT ENOUGH to say something is less than we want.

NOT+ADJECTIVE+ENOUGH
• Example: She’s not old enough to talk.

NOT+VERB+ENOUGH+NOUN
• Example: I don’t have enough energy to do anything in the day.
3. We use ENOUGH to say something is the correct number or amount.

ENOUGH+NOUN
• Example: I earn enough money for the whole family.

ADJECTIVE +ENOUGH
• Example: I think this place is big enough for us.
NOTE:
We often use the INFINITIVE + TOO with to after these phrases.

• Example: I’ve got too many things to do today.
We don’t use TOO to mean very very. We use REALLY

• Example: It was TOO beautiful.
It was REALLY beautiful.

QUANTIFIERS used with Uncountable Nouns
• much
• a little/little/very little *
• a bit (of)
• a large amount
• a lot (of) /lots (of)
Examples:
• A: How MUCH money do you have? B: Not MUCH.
• There’s VERY LITTLE coffee left in the cup. I’ll make some more.
• I have A LITTLE money. Just enough to buy a small car.
• A: Is there MUCH time left? B: There’s A BIT only.
• There’s a LARGE AMOUNT of information on the Internet.
• There’s LOTS OF coffee, just help yourself.
Note: LITTLE and VERY LITTLE mean that there is not enough of something.
A LITTLE means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.
QUANTIFIERS used with Countable Nouns

• many
• a few/few/very few **
• a number (of)
• a lot (of) /lots (of)

Examples:
• I have A NUMBER OF questions to ask, if you don’t mind.
• How MANY people are coming to the party? Not MANY.
• Do we need to buy more cheese? No there are A FEW slices in the fridge. But, there
are FEW tomatoes. Could you get a couple more?
• A LOT OF people came to the party last Saturday
Note: FEW and VERY FEW mean that there is not enough of something.
A FEW means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.

QUANTIFIERS used with both Countable and Uncountable Nouns
• ENOUGH:
There is ENOUGH time. / There are ENOUGH chairs in the classroom.
• MORE:
There are no MORE tests this semester. / Do you have MORE time?
• NO:
She has NO money. / There are NO problems with the old computer. It’s OK.
• (NOT) ANY:
There ISN’T ANY coke left. Let’s get some more. / Are there ANY people in the
waiting room? There are not many.
• SOME:
I have SOME friends coming over tonight. /There’s SOME cake for you in the
kitchen.
• A LOT OF:
Mike has A LOT OF problems in the new school. /There’s A LOT OF sugar in the
drink. It’s bad for you.
• LOTS OF:
LOTS OF people travel to the South in the summer. /I have LOTS OF time to do this
project.
• PLENTY OF:
There’s PLENTY OF time. Relax! Don’t worry. / There are PLENTY OF things to do.
You won’t get bored.

Vocabulary Appendix
Unit 3
chatting – steal – find out – get fired – gamble – hear about – fire and hire – go
public – quit - dream of – dream about – might - pay back – save - deny – admit
– win - reveal – pass (a subject/a test) – change (programs/ universities) – move
(house / abroad) – keep on (verb+ing) – make (friends/ money) – earn money –
get married – go on (a honeymoon) – look after (children) – take care of – spend
(time /money) – get into trouble – be bored – carry.
Stationary – fault – coffee bar – (online) poker – (lottery) ticket – trouble –

confession –lottery – chance – the country (countryside)- highway – charity -
loans – a position (job) – (job) offer – neighborhood – neighbor – authorities –
traffic – noise – pollution – garbage – littering.
Chatty – easy-going – strict – huge – fancy – sleepless – depressed – lonely – guilty

– upset – mature – near – nearest.

Grammar Appendix
Unit 4
The Passive Voice Form

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
Its Uses
The Passive Voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known; however, who or what is performing the action.
• Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know,
however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in Passive Voice is more polite than in Active Voice, as the
following example shows:
• Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, The focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g.
You have made a mistake).

Its Forms
Subject + finite form of To Be + Past Participle (3rd column of

irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in Passive Voice, note the following:

• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The finite form of the verb is changed (To Be + Past Participle)
• The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence
(or is dropped).
Here is a summary of the Passive Voice in some verb tenses.
Present Active: Jack paints a house.

Simple Passive: A house is painted by Jack.
Active: Jack painted a house.
Past Simple
Passive: A house was painted by Jack.
Present Active: Jack has painted a house.

Perfect has been
Passive: A house by Jack.
painted
Active: Jack will paint a house.
Will Future
Passive: A house will be painted by Jack.
Active: Jack can paint a house.
Can
Passive: A house can be painted by Jack.
Present
Active Jack is painting a house.
Continuous
is being by Jack.
Passive A house
painted

Definite and Indefinite Articles
In this section you will learn about Definite and Indefinite

Articles in
• Their Forms
• Their Uses
Definite Article THE: Its Uses
1. This article is used to indicate a noun that is definite or has been previously mentioned in
the context. Examples:
• Please, close the door.
• I like the clothes you gave me.
2. To indicate a noun that is unique, i.e. that there is only one (or one in a particular place).
Examples:
• Praise the Lord!
• The Columbia River is near here.
3. To designate a natural phenomenon. Examples:
• The nights get shorter in the summer.
• The wind is blowing so hard.
4. To refer to a time period. Examples:
• I was very naïve in the past.
• This song was very popular in the 1980s.
5. To indicate all the members of a family. Examples:
• I invited the Bakers for dinner.
• This medicine was invented by the Smiths.
6. To express the superlative. Examples:
• This is the most incredible job in the world.
• That was the easiest way out.

Indefinite Article A / AN: Its Uses
1. This article is used with jobs/professions Examples:

• A teacher
• An engineer
2. To talk about a person or a thing for the first time. Examples:
• Yesterday I saw a woman…

3. Before number collectives and some numbers. Examples:
• A dozen
• A thousand
4. With nouns to form adverbial phrases of quantity, amount, or degree. Example:
• I felt a bit depressed.
Their Forms
The Indefinite Article ‘AN’ is used before singular countable nouns beginning with a vowel (a,
e, i, o, u) or vowel sound. Examples:
• an apple, an elephant, an issue, an orange
Exeptions: a university, a uniform, a union
The Indefinite Article ‘A’ is used before singular countable nouns beginning with consonants.
Example:
• a stamp, a desk, a TV, a cup, a book
The Definite Article ‘THE’ is used before singular or plural nouns beginning with either a
vowel or vowel sound or consonant. Examples:
• The car she bought is over there.
• The artistic show was postponed.

IMPORTANT:
We don’t use an article :
1. To talk about people and things in general. Example:
• Milk is good for you.
2. To talk about sports and games. Example:

• Let’s play basketball.
3. To refer to meals in general. Example:

• We’re having dinner together this evening.
4. Before the name of a language. Example:
• English is fun.
5. For most cities and countries. Examples:

• I’m travelling to Japan next summer.
• I love New York City.
EXEPTIONS:
We use ‘THE’ with some countries when they are ‘groups of ’ like The UK, The USA, The Bahamas,
The Philippines and when it is part of the name of the country like The Czech Republic, The
Dominican Republic.

Vocabulary Appendix
Unit 4
memorabilia – auction – auction house – fashion – fashion house – (fashion) designer

– designer label – leather – gunman – suitcase – murder – inheritance – item – (fine)art.
get on – sack somebody – own – know – collect – sell – bring – buy – make – paint – take
– produce – lose – auction – buy – sell – manufacture – paint – direct – publish – write
– build – invent – grow – make – hire – murder – shoot – raise (money)- run.
record-breaking – valuable – successful – behind bars – unusual – (French) toast.

Grammar Appendix
Unit 5
RELATIVE CLAUSES
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses#h01
In this section you will learn about Relative Clauses in
• Their forms
• Their use
WHAT IS A RELATIVE CLAUSE?
A RELATIVE CLAUSE is a particle of a sentence that is used to give additional information

about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative
clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.

To understand how the RELATIVE CLAUSE is formed , read the following explanation:
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he
knows her. You could say:
• A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?
That sounds rather repetitive, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both
pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing – you want to
know who the girl is.
• Do you know the girl …
As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional
information – the girl is talking to Tom. Use ‘the girl’ only in the first part of the sentence,
in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun, (for people, use the relative pronoun
‘who’).
So the final sentence is:
• Do you know the girl WHO is talking to Tom?
THE USE OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS
EXAMPLE
RELATIVE PRONOUN USE
I told you about the woman

WHO Used for people
WHO lives next door.
Do you see the cat WHICH is
WHICH Used for animals and things
lying on the roof?
He couldn’t read WHICH
WHICH Referring to a whole sentence
surprised me.
Do you know the boy WHOSE
Possession for people animals mother is a nurse?
WHOSE
and things
Object pronoun used for
people, especially used I was invited by the
WHOM professor WHOM I met at
in written and formal in the conference.
English.
Used for people, animals I don’t like the table THAT
THAT (WHO or WHICH are also stands in the kitchen.
possible)

RELATIVE ADVERBS
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the
sentence easier to understand.
Example:
This is the shop IN WHICH I bought my bike.→ This is the shop WHERE I bought my
bike.
RELATIVE
MEANING USE EXAMPLE
ADVERB
Refers to a time The day WHEN we
WHEN in/on which
expression met him…
The place WHERE
WHERE in/at which Refers to a place
we met him…
The reason WHY we
WHY for which Refers to a reason
met him..

Vocabulary Appendix
Unit 5
crime – murder – murderer – killer –burglary – burglar – arson – rape –

fraud – theft – thief – manslaughter – robber – robbery – shotgun (gun)
–security (guard) – body – victim – bullet – clue – (murder) weapon –
(finger/foot)prints – valuables – emphysema – cataract – amputation
– eyesight – (light) bulbs – neighbor – neighborhood – candy – diabetes
– gunshot – sickness – (the) elderly – pistol – raid – dealer – portrait –
insurance – property - loss
kidnapping – mugging – pickpocketing – hijacking – smuggling –

shoplifting – commit a crime – steal (from) – take something from –
rob – be worth – break into/burgle – murder – hand out – seem – deliver
– scare – reveal – commit – prevent (from) – happen/take place – set
fire – force (entry) – take something by force – attack – deceive/cheat
– crash into – pretend – persuade – pull out (a gun) – fail – demand –
hit – hit and run – run off – run out – chase – hide – lock – increase –
decrease – escape – make (an attempt) – disguise (oneself) – deal with
– approach – pick somebody up – lose – be sent (to prison) – be released
(from prison)
illegal/unlawful – honest/ dishonest – safe – unusual – childless –

diabetic – widowed – violent – careless – dangerous – hidden – under
lock and key – loss adjuster – nearby

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Contents

3 | Unit 1 - YOU NEED A HOLIDAY

15 | Unit 2 - DIFFERENT CULTURES

27 | Unit 3 - LIFE ISN’T PERFECT

40 | Unit 4 - SHOP TILL YOU DROP

53 | Unit 5 - CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

66 | Unit 6 - REVIEW AND CONSOLIDATION

75 | LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

YOU NEED A HOLIDAY

After working in this Unit you will be able to:

• Listen and understand words, sentences and conversations.

Taken and adapted from:

a. Find out the meaning of the underlined words.

Present Continuous Present simple

Using the information in the chart above, create a conversation in which

1. Philip will be 15 next Wednesday. ______________________________________.

1. We are going to go to Venice in June. ____________________________________.

c. Give an example of what plans were made to arrange these activities.

1. I’m having a dinner party this evening. ___________________________________

1. ____ The program is called “50 places to go before you die”.

3. _____ Sophie’s traveling with Keith.

6. _____ They’re staying with friends for a week.

7. _____ They’re going on a horse riding tour for five days.

8. _____Keith’s having a holiday this year

Taken and adapted from:

Match the NAMES in Column A with the sentences in Column B

A. hasn’t been able to settle in easily, but it’s

Extra Activity (Optional):

Taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oB7QDk8yCs

Top 10 places to visit in Chile

Work in groups of three. Ask and answer the following questions.

1. What do Chilean people do on their holiday?

2. What does Torres del Paine offer?

4. What does the Moon Valley offer?

5. How many penguins are there on Magdalena Island?

6. Why is O’Higgins Lake not visited so often?

7. What is the sport the speaker shows in Futaleufú River?

After working in this Unit you will be able to:

1. Who’s Antonia going to have dinner with?

2. What are good presents to take to the hostess?

Antonia: You know Richard, ___________?

“WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I GO TO ASIA?”

Taken and adapted from: https://theabroadguide.com/how-to-be-

How to be respectful when traveling

* To be extremely cautious about something.

1. a. easy b. difficult c. surprising

7. a. faraway b. ancient c. historical

9. a. etiquette and manners b. civilian ethics c. historical behavior

10. a. restaurant tipping b. eating and waiting c. eating and tipping,

15. a. observe b. watch c. look at

4. ___________________________ Although you are not supposed to know everything

18. a. understandings b. misunderstandings c. mistakes

Taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGKCkvNk_zI

ACTIVITY 1: Watch the video and answer the following questions.

3. What happened at the train station?

4. Explain the incident when eating. What was wrong?

5. Why was the cow in the office?

6. Explain the incident with the boy.

7. What was the misunderstanding about at the food shop?

1. Two children are . More than two is.