Cloud Assignment 1

 
Q1. Give the detailed explanation for types of various virtualization techniques. Provide
valid examples for each.
Ans. Virtualization can take many forms depending on the type of application use and
hardware utilization. The main types are listed below:
Application Virtualization:
Application Virtualization allows a user to access an application remotely from a server. The
server stores all the application's personal information and other functionality, but can still
run over the Internet on a local workstation. A user who wants to run two separate versions
of the same programme may be an example of this. Hosted applications and bundled
applications are technologies which use application virtualization.
 Example - Virtualizing Microsoft PowerPoint over an Opera browser to run on Ubuntu.
Storage Virtualization
Multiple physical storage devices that then function as a single storage device are grouped
together. This offers various benefits, such as storage homogenization across multiple
capacity and speed storage units, decreased downtime, load balancing, and increased
efficiency and speed optimization. An instance of this virtualization is partitioning the hard
drive into several partitions.
LUN (Logical unit number), Logical volume (LV), RAID groups, etc are examples of storage
virtualization objects.

Network Virtualization
In network virtualization, it is possible to build several sub-networks on the same physical
network that may or may not be allowed to communicate with each other. This allows file
movement through networks to be restricted and improves protection, and enables better
monitoring and detection of data usage, enabling the network administrator to scale up the
network properly. It also improves stability since other networks are not affected by a
disturbance in one network, and the diagnosis is simpler.
Examples- virtual LAN (VLAN), network overlays.
Desktop Virtualization
For every regular IT employee, this is perhaps the most common method of virtualization.
The user's desktop is stored on a remote server, allowing the user, from any computer or
location, to access his desktop. From the comfort of their workplace, workers will work
comfortably. Since data transfer takes place via secure protocols, it minimises any chance of
data theft.
Examples: Citrix XenApps; Remote Desktop Services for Microsoft; VMware View.

Q2. How the virtualization software works on bare metal or hosted environment. Give the
examples of each with details.
Ans. The word bare metal refers to the fact that there is no operating system between the
software and the hardware for virtualization. The virtualization programme resides on the
hardware's "bare metal" or hard disc, where the operating system is typically installed.
The most widely deployed type of hypervisor is the bare metal hypervisor. This is where the
virtualization programme, where the operating system is usually mounted, is installed
directly on the hardware. Since they are isolated from the attack-prone operating system,
bare metal hypervisors are extremely safe. They perform better and more efficiently than
hosted hypervisors, and for corporate and data centre computing needs, most businesses
prefer bare metal hypervisors.
There is another hypervisor type known as a hypervisor or hosted client. Although bare
metal hypervisors run directly on the computer hardware, hosted hypervisors work inside
the host machine's operating system. Even though hosted hypervisors run inside the OS, it is
possible to install additional operating systems on top of it. Hosted hypervisors have greater
latency than bare metal hypervisors since requests must pass through the extra layer of the
OS between the hardware and the hypervisor. Hosted hypervisors are often referred to as
client hypervisors because they are most commonly used by end users and software testing,
where there is not as much concern about higher latency.
Some benefits over bare metal servers are offered by hypervisors hosting several virtual
machines. Hypervisors allow the instant development of virtual machines, offering more
resources for complex workloads as needed. When it is required, it is much harder to have
an extra physical server. Hypervisors also allow a physical server to be used more, as it is
able to run multiple virtual machines on the resources of one physical machine. It is more
expensive and energy efficient to run multiple virtual machines on one physical machine
than running multiple under used physical machines for the same purpose.

Q3. Discuss and differentiate the architectures of OpenStack, Xen and VM Ware.
Ans. OpenStack: Open source private and public cloud building tools. OpenStack is a cloud
operating system that manages a datacenter's vast pools of computing, storage, and
networking resources, all controlled via a dashboard that gives administrators control while
enabling their users to provide resources through a web interface; VMware vSphere: Free
bare-metal hypervisor that virtualizes servers so that the applications can be consolidated
on less hardware. The world's leading virtualization network for servers is vSphere. Using
VMware vSphere to create a cloud computing platform, run less servers and reduce capital
and operating costs.
OpenStack belongs to the software stack group of "Open Source Cloud" while VMware
vSphere can be primarily categorised under "Virtualization Platform"
Some of the features that OpenStack provides are:
• Compute
•Storage
• Networking
On the other hand, the following main features are supported by VMware vSphere:

 Powerful Server Virtualization

 Network Services

 Efficient Storage
"Private cloud" is the key reason why over 35 developers, such as OpenStack, mention
"Strong host isolation" as the leading cause for VMware vSphere selection, while over 6
developers mention it.
Some of the famous companies that use OpenStack are PayPal, HubSpot, and Wikipedia,
while MIT, CircleCI, and The Orchard use VMware vSphere. OpenStack is more commonly
approved and is listed in 67 company stacks & 50 developer stacks than VMware vSphere,
which is listed in 56 company stacks and 24 developer stacks.
Whereas, Xen Architecture
 Xen is an open source hypervisor software developed by the University of
Cambridge.

 Xen is a hypervisor of the microkernel that separates the mechanism from the policy.

 The Xen hypervisor implements all the mechanisms, leaving Domain 0 to manage the
policy, as seen in the figure, does not provide any device drivers natively. It only
provides a mechanism through which the physical devices are directly accessible to a
guest OScan. As a consequence, the size of the Xen hypervisor is very small.

 Xen offers a virtual environment situated between the OS and the hardware.

 A number of manufacturers, including Citrix XenServer and Oracle VM, are in the
process of developing commercial Xen hypervisors.

 The hypervisor, kernel, and applications are the central components of the Xen
framework.

 Organization of the three components is important.

 Like other virtualization systems, on top of the hypervisor, several guest OSescan
run.

 The guest OS, which has control functionality, is referred to as Domain 0, and the
others are referred to as Domain U. Domain 0 is Xen's privileged guest OS.

 When Xen begins without any file system drivers being available, it is first loaded.
Domain 0 is intended to directly access hardware and manage computers. Therefore,
one of Domain 0's duties is to assign and map guest domain hardware resources(the
Domain U domains).

 Xen is built on Linux, for instance, and its level of security is C2. Domain 0 is the
name of its management VM, which has the right to handle other VMs that are
implemented on the same host.

 The hacker is able to monitor the whole machine if Domain0 is compromised. Thus,
security policies are needed in the VM framework to improve the security of Domain
0.
  Domain 0, acting as a VMM, enables users to build, copy, save, read, alter, share,
migrate, and roll back VMs as easily as manipulating a file, which gives users
considerable advantages in a versatile way.

 During the software life cycle and data lifetime, it also brings a range of security
challenges.

Q4. Discuss the various delivery models for Cloud computing. Provide the suitable diagram
and relevant examples wherever necessary.
Ans4. Three distinct models of the various types of cloud services are shown in the figure
below: Infrastructure as a Service, Application as a Service, and Software as a Service. In
fact, the lines between different delivery models are often blurred. A Software as a Service
(SaaS) provider, for example, may decide to offer separate infrastructure services to
customers

 Infrastructure as a Service 
The distribution of computer hardware (servers, network technology, storage, and
data centre space) as a service is Infrastructure as a Service. The distribution of
operating systems and virtualization technologies for the control of resources may
also be included.

 Platform as a Service 
Platform as a Service requires more than just infrastructure delivery. For both
software creation and runtime, it offers what you could call a solution stack, an
interconnected collection of software that provides all a developer requires to create
an application.

 Software as a Service 
The distribution of business applications developed for a particular purpose is
Software as a Service. Two different modes come from Software as a Service:
 Simple multi-tenancy: Each client has its own properties that are isolated from those
of other clients. This amounts to a relatively inefficient multi-tenancy type..
Fine-grain Multi-tenancy: This provides the same degree of segregation, but is much
more effective. Both resources are shared, but within the application, customer data
and access capabilities are divided.

Q5. Discuss and Differentiate the architecture of GCP, AWS and AZURE.
Ans. Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a website that was launched in 2002 for cloud computing.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service
(SaaS) provide a broad variety of cloud services.
With millions of active clients as well as thousands of partners worldwide, AWS has the
largest community. By shifting their IT management to the AWS, most organisations use
AWS to expand their market.
Some significant characteristics of AWS are versatility, security, scalability, and better
performance.
Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure is also called as Windows Azure. It is a cloud platform that is used
worldwide to develop, deploy and manage services. Multiple programming languages such
as Java, Nodejs, C, and C# are supported. The benefit of using Microsoft Azure is that it helps
us to organise and buy additional hardware components for a wide range of services.
Several computing services are offered by Microsoft Azure, including servers, storage,
databases, applications, networking, and Internet analytics.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
Google's Google Cloud Platform (GCP) was launched in 2011. It enables us to use Google
products such as Gmail, YouTube, Google search engine, etc. Many businesses use this
platform to quickly develop, transfer, and deploy cloud applications. It enables us to use a
high-speed internet connection to access these applications. The benefit of GCP is that
different databases, such as SQL, MYSQL, Oracle, Sam, and more are supported.
Different cloud computing services, including computing, data analytics, data storage, and
machine learning, are supported by the Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Difference between them-
Although the cloud systems of AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google provide various high-level
features in computing, management, storage, and other services, there are some variations
between these three as well.