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Precipitation - Estimation of Missing Data

The document describes methods for estimating missing rainfall data from a precipitation gauge. The three main methods are: 1. Simple arithmetic average, which uses the average of nearby stations if their normal annual rainfall is within 10% of the station with missing data. 2. Normal ratio method, which weights the rainfall at nearby stations by the ratio of their normal annual rainfall, in cases where the normal rainfall varies considerably. 3. Modified normal ratio method, which further incorporates the effect of distance between stations in the normal ratio method by weighting distances with a constant. This provides a more accurate estimate of rainfall at the station with missing data.

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270 views1 page

Precipitation - Estimation of Missing Data

The document describes methods for estimating missing rainfall data from a precipitation gauge. The three main methods are: 1. Simple arithmetic average, which uses the average of nearby stations if their normal annual rainfall is within 10% of the station with missing data. 2. Normal ratio method, which weights the rainfall at nearby stations by the ratio of their normal annual rainfall, in cases where the normal rainfall varies considerably. 3. Modified normal ratio method, which further incorporates the effect of distance between stations in the normal ratio method by weighting distances with a constant. This provides a more accurate estimate of rainfall at the station with missing data.

Uploaded by

Rowena Pandan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE 7d Hydrology

PRECIPITATION This method is based selecting m (m is usually 3) stations that are near and
approximately evenly spaced around the station with the missing record.
Estimation of Missing Rainfall Data
Example:
The point observation from a precipitation gage may have a short break in
The normal annual rainfall at stations A, B, C and D in a basin are 80.97, 67.59,
the record because of instrument failure or absence of the observer. Thus, it
76.28, and 92.01 cm, respectively. In the year 1975, the station D was
is often necessary to estimate the missing record using data from the
inoperative and the stations A, B, and C recorded annual rainfall of 91.11,
neighboring station. The following methods are most commonly used for
72.23, and 79.89 cm, respectively. Estimate the rainfall at station D in that
estimating the missing records.
year.
For m stations, 1, 2, 3, …,m, the annual precipitation values are P1, P2, P3, …,
Solution:
Pm, respectively. At station x (not included in the above m stations), the
missing annual precipitation (Px) should be found out. The normal annual As the normal rainfall values vary by more than 10%, the ration method is
precipitation N1, N2, N3, …,Ni at each of the above (m+1) stations including adopted.
the station x is known.

Normal Precipitation - It is the average value of precipitation at a particular


date, month or year over a specified 30 year period. Thus, the term normal
annual precipitation at station A means the average annual precipitation at A
based on a specified 30 year of record.

Simple Arithmetic Average - The missing precipitation Px can be determined


using simple arithmetic average, if the normal annual precipitation at various
stations are within 10% of the normal precipitation at station, x, as follows: Modified Normal Ratio Method - Normal ratio method is modified to
incorporate the effect of distance in the estimation of missing rainfall.

Normal Ratio Method - If the normal precipitations vary considerably then


Px is estimated by weighting the precipitation at various stations by the
ratios of normal annual precipitation. The normal ration method gives Px
as: Where is normal rainfall, is the distance between the index station i and the
gauge station with missing data or ungaged station, n is the number of index
stations and b is the constant by which the distance is weighted (normally
1.5-2.0) commonly used D0.5

1|Page Jay Pi Lee

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