NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3

Here is a review from GMH Planning Ltd of the significant changes within the NEC4 ECC contract
compared to that of the NEC3 version. We have not identified every single change, but picked out the
main differences that if you are relatively experienced with NEC3 you should know/understand if you
are to embark on an NEC4 contract anytime soon. In this document we do not generally go into
substantial explanation why the changes have been made, but most should be relatively self-
explanatory for those already experienced with these contracts. Any underlined words within this
document are new NEC4 words added within an existing NEC3 clause.

For how these should be understood in practice, we regularly run public NEC4 Overview workshops
to expand upon the practical application of this document. For details of the next training workshop
please go to the blog section of our website - www.gmhplanning.co.uk:

General ECC changes

• Better laid out with more separate paragraphs and more bullet points
• Language change – inform or state rather than notify and instruct in some places
• Gender neutral
• Reworded a few more option specific clauses such that they are now core clauses – less option
specific

Key:

Additional new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity (always intended), Change to previous clause wording,

Same clause but changed number, Deleted NEC3 clause

Section 1- General

• Previous NEC3 clause 10.1 split into two clauses to emphasise that they should both be adhered
to – not one OR the other:
• Clause 10.1 – the Parties, Project Manager and Supervisor shall act as stated in contract.
• Clause 10.2 – the Parties, Project Manager and Supervisor act in a spirit of mutual trust and
cooperation.
• Clause 11.2 new definitions 20no now rather than 19 previously:
o Corrupt Act - new defined term
o Early Warning Register – changed from Risk register
o Parties are Client and Contractor – changed from Employer and Contractor
o Scope - changed from Works Information
o Subcontractor – revised definition
• Clause 12.1 – amended to confirm contract is gender neutral i.e. no more he/his
• Clause 13.2 – states if Scope confirms use of a contract administration tool (e.g. Cemar, Conject)
then the date of communication has effect when entered into that system. Otherwise
communications are as before i.e. the address as stated in CD1

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3
• Clause 13.4 – amendment to wording that requires Project Manager to confirm reasons for
rejection in sufficient detail to allow the Contractor to correct the matter. Previously simply
stated that they give reasons for rejection.
• Clause 14.1 – acceptance of communication or of the work does not transfer liability
• Section 15 is now early warnings rather than previously being 16
• Clause 15.1 – now calls it the Early Warning Register rather than Risk Register
• Clause 15.2 – now obligates the Project Manager to produce and issue the first Early Warning
Register within one week of the starting date. Project Manager also instructs Contractor to
attend first early warning meeting within 2 weeks of the starting date. Also then confirms that
later meetings will be as instructed by either side, or as a minimum at the intervals stated in
Contract Data. Also states that Subcontractor can attend if it would assist to decide actions to
be taken.
• Clause 15.3 – extra emphasis on early warning meeting to review previous actions and decide
any different actions that need to be taken and who should take them
• Clause 15.4 – obligation on Project Manager to reissue Early Warning Register within one week
of early warning meeting
• Section 16 – now called “Contractor’s Proposals”
• Clause 16.1 – Contractor can propose to Project Manager a change in Scope in order to reduce
the amount the Client pays the Contractor to provide the works. (Contractor will benefit
through the new engineering ratio for options A/B and through share percentage for options
C/D)
• Clause 16.2 – Within four weeks the Project Manager accepts the proposal and either a) issues
an instruction changing scope, b) instructs a proposed quotation, or c) rejects proposal.
• Clause 16.3 – Contractor can propose a change to Working Area (previously clause 15.1 under
NEC3)
• Section 17 – now titled Requirements for Instructions (previously Ambiguities and
Inconsistencies)
• Clause 17.1 – subtle change where Project Manager states how ambiguity should be resolved
rather than “instructs”
• Clause 17.2 – is now illegal/impossible requirement (previously 18.1)
• Section 18 – Corrupt Acts – Contractor not allowed to do corrupt acts and nor are their
subcontractors/suppliers. This is also a new reason to be able to terminate by Client in section 9

Section 2 – Contractor’s Main Responsibilities

• Clause 26.3 – confirms that NEC subcontract should be issued for acceptance unless it is an
unamended NEC contract (other than with amendments passed down from main contract).
• Clause 28.1 – Assignment – either Party notifies the other Party if they plan to transfer the
benefit of the contract or rights under it (nothing more expanded upon this element within
guidance notes).
• Section 29 – Disclosure – Parties do not disclose information obtained in connection with the
works, or publicise the works without Client’s agreement

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3
Section 3 - Time

• Clause 31.2 - Only change from NEC3 is last line: “A programme issued for acceptance is in the
form stated in the Scope”.
• Clause 31.3 – if Project Manager does not respond to a programme issued for acceptance by
the Contractor, the Contractor can notify this non-response to the Project Manager. Failure to
respond to the notification within a further week would mean that the programme is treated as
having been accepted (i.e. deemed accepted).
• Clause 32.1 – deleted requirement to show implemented compensation events on a revised
programme. This is to avoid confusion that it was only implemented compensation events that
before should be shown – remains to be seen if this causes more or less confusion. Intent is
that you HAVE To show effects of non-implemented compensation events but these will only
ever be affecting planned Completion (not Completion Date).
• Clause 36.1 – Project Manager can no longer instruct quote for acceleration. Either
Contractor/Project Manager can propose. If BOTH sides are prepared to consider the change,
then the Project Manager can instruct a quotation to accelerate. Now there are timescales of
up to three weeks to produce quotation by Contractor and three weeks for the Project
Manager to reply. Also now includes the response to quotation as being a core clause, rather
than previously being lost within the main option clauses.

Section 4 – Quality Management

• Section 40 – new section: Quality management system. All previous clauses are then one
number more than previous.
• Clause 40.1 - Requirement for Contractor to operate a quality management system complying
with requirements of the Scope. Quality policy statement and plan to be issued for acceptance.
• Clause 40.3 – Project Manager may instruct the Contractor to correct a failure to comply with
the quality plan – which will not result in a compensation event
• Section 41 – tests and inspections. No real change other than Contractor and Supervisor inform
each other of tests and inspections to be carried out (rather than notify)
• Clause 45.2 – if proposal not to correct defect is accepted – last line says that as well as Prices
and Completion date are changed – programme is accepted! No mention of one being required
to be issued though previously within that clause.

Section 5 - Payment

• Clause 50.2 – obligates the Contractor to submit applications detailing how they have been
assessed and to make sure they are in the form stated in the Scope
• Clause 50.4 – if the Contractor does not submit an application then the amount due will either
be the amount at the previous application or whatever the Project Manager assesses –
whichever is lower i.e. Contractor therefore obligated to put in an application if they want
paying within that period.
• Clause 50.5 – previously 50.3 where 25% of Contractor assessment is withheld for not
submitting first programme for acceptance showing the information the contract requires
• Clause 51.1 obligation on Project Manager to show how the certified payment has been
assessed

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3
• Section 53 – whole new section on Final assessment
• Clause 53.1 – final assessment by Project Manager to be made within four weeks of Defect
Certificate issued by Supervisor, giving details of how it has been assessed
• Clause 53.2 – If the Project Manager does not make this assessment, Contractor may issue to
Client an assessment of the amount due. If Client agrees, payment made within three weeks of
assessment. Would appear to be a silent deemed acceptance if Client does not respond (in
accordance with 53.3)
• 53.3 assessment of final amount due issued within time stated in contract is conclusive
evidence of the final amount due unless party takes action under W1/2/3 i.e. refers matter for
dispute

Section 6 – Compensation Events

• Two new compensation events:

• Clause 60.1(20) – Project Manager notifies the Contractor that a quotation for a proposed
instruction is not accepted
• Clause 60.1(21) – additional compensation events stated in contract data part 1
• Clause 61.1 previous wording split now across 61.1 and 61.2.
• Clause 61.1 states that for compensation events resulting from Project Manager instruction, the
Project Manager notifies the compensation event at the time of giving the quotation. It no
longer states as last sentence “Contractor puts decision into effect”. Don’t think this changes
much but it was a nice point of clarification previously.
• Clause 61.2 states that the Project Manager includes the request to provide a quote – i.e. one
piece of paper to state it is a compensation event and to request the quote
• Clause 61.2 under NEC3 “Proposed Instructions” now clause 65 in NEC4
• Clause 61.4 response to notified compensation event clarifies that if the compensation is not
notified within timescales of contract then the Project Manager would confirm no change to
Prices/Key Date/Completion Date
• Clause 63.1 – adds the term dividing date in terms of boundary between actual/defined cost.
Dividing date is the date of the instruction/changed decision, or for all other compensation
events the dividing date is the date the compensation event is notified.
• Clause 63.2 – now a core clause, whereby agreement to use rates or lump sums may be used to
assess change to Prices
• Clause 63.3 (just renumbered from 63.2) If a compensation event reduces Defined Cost, Prices
are not reduced except as stated in this contract
• Clause 63.4 (used to be option specific) For a compensation event the Prices are reduced if 1) it
was a change to Scope except those proposed by Contractor, and 2) unless it was a change to
Scope proposed by Contractor, or correcting a Project Manager assumption within a quotation
• Clause 63.5 (old 63.3) delay to Completion Date assessed as the length of time that due to the
compensation event planned Completion is later than planned Completion as shown on the
Accepted Programme current at the dividing date. Repeats same rule/principle for Key Dates.
Then adds new sentence which is unclear on exactly what it means: “When assessing delay only
those operations which the Contractor has not completed and which are affected by the
compensation event are changed”
• Clause 63.7 (old 63.5) event can be assessed as though an early warning was given if fact
identified by Project Manager when requesting a quote in line with 61.5

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3
• Clause 63.8 (old 63.6) can include risk which have a significant chance of occurring and are
Contractor’s risk under contract
• Clause 63.10 (old 63.8) - ambiguities are assessed for the interpretation most favourable to
those who did not create the ambiguity
• Section 65 no longer “implementation” but “Proposed Instructions”
• Clause 65.1 is old 61.2, but adds the fact that Project Manager states within the instruction
when the proposed instruction may be given.
• Clause 65.2 - Contractor submits quote for proposed instruction within three weeks. Project
Manager responds by the date the proposed instruction may be given. Now clearer responses
which are either a) request for revised quote, b) issue of instruction together with notification
of the instruction as a CE and acceptance of the quote, or c) quote not accepted.
• Clause 65.3 clarifies that if quote not accepted, Project Manager may issue instruction, notify as
a compensation event and instruct a quotation
• Section 66 – Implementation
• Clause 66.2 – confirms in core clauses that Prices/Completion Date changed at the point the
notification of acceptance (although prefer old wording where it said that had to be stated in
notification – all be it having been lost in option clauses)

Section 7 - Title

• No real change other than clause 74.1 Contractor’s use of materials – which is right only to
provide the works and Contractor has no other rights

Section 8 - Liabilities and Insurance

• 80.1 changed title to Client’s liabilities rather than Employers risk in NEC3. Same list of liabilities
as before, with addition of fault in design within Client scope or instruction from Project
Manager confirmed as Client risk
• 81.1 – changed to Contractor liabilities, and rather than stating everything else is Contractor risk
now lists Contractor liabilities in full: Claims or proceedings from Others in connection with the
Contractor Providing the Works / Loss or damage to the works, Plant and Material and
Equipment / damage to Client property in connection with Contractor providing the works /
death or injury to employees of the Contractor.
• What if there is something that occurs that falls between gap of 80.1/81.1? Who’s liability
would this be??
• Section 82 details recovery of cost

Section 9 - Termination

• Clause 90.2 amended so Client may not terminate for any reason – but there is a new secondary
option X11 that allows them to (but have to expressly include it)
• Clause 91.8 - New additional reason to terminate (22) – Corrupt Act

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3
Option A [also same for *option B]

• *Clause 11.2(23) – Defined Cost no longer excludes the cost of preparing quotations for
compensation events
• *Clause 11.2(28) New term for People Rates which are included within contract data part 2.
• Clause 55.1 – extra line to say if activities on the Activity Schedule do not relate to Scope,
Contractor corrects activity schedule.
• *Clause 63.12 confirms that changes to Client Scope proposed by Contractor and accepted, the
Prices are reduced by an amount calculated by applying the value engineering percentage in
contract data part 1 (Clients need to be careful they get this right way round as the Prices are
reduced by the percentage amount stated in contract data i.e. if you wanted to give the
Contractor 30% benefit the percentage should be 70%). This is unique to options A&B.
• *Clause 63.16 – if for a compensation event the new People Rates do not include a rate for
category of person required, Project Manager and Contractor agree a new rate. If they can’t
agree, Project Manager assesses based on other rates, and that rate becomes the new People
Rate for that category of person

Option C [also same for *option D, ^option E]

• *^ Clause 11.2(24) Simpler definition of Defined Cost which no longer states amounts paid to
Subcontractors – this is now a section in schedule (4) but same essence.
• *^ Clause 26.4 – default is that Contractor submits pricing information in proposed subcontract
documents unless Project Manager agrees no such submission is required
• Clause 31.4 deleted – so no obligation under option C for items on the activity schedule to
relate to programme, or option/requirement to revise and have accepted
• *^ Clause 50.9 – allows Contractor to notify to Project Manager when parts of Defined Cost
have been finalised and records available to demonstrate it has been correctly assessed. Project
Manager reviews records within 13 weeks notifying either a) acceptance, or b) further records
are needed, or c) Contractor errors in assessment. If further records required these are to be
provided within four weeks, and Project Manager has to accept or notify own assessment
within further four weeks. If the Project Manager does not notify a decision within time stated
then Contractor assessment is treated as being deemed accepted.
• *Clause 63.13 verifies that change to Client Scope proposed by Contractor will NOT reduce the
total of the Prices – and so assessed as part of the Contractor’s share.

Option F

• Clause 11.2(24) Still claim subcontractor costs as lump sum

• Clause 26.4 – default is that Contractor submits pricing information in proposed subcontract
documents unless Project Manager agrees no such submission is required

Section W changed from “Dispute Resolution” to “Resolving and Avoiding Disputes”.

W1&2 - add an extra requirement that says first try to resolve with senior representatives, and if not
resolved then go to Adjudication

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3
Introduces new W3

W3.1 – Dispute Avoidance Board (DAB)

• One member or three as identified in contract data. At least one person of three agreed jointly
• Dispute Avoidance Board visit site regularly to inspect progress of works and to become aware
of any potential disputes

W3.2 – Resolving potential disputes

• DAB assist Parties in resolving potential disputes

• Potential dispute can be referred to Board between two and four weeks after notification to the
other Party
• DAB review dispute and help settle without dispute to be formally referred

W3.3 – Tribunal

• If either party dissatisfied with DAB decision then they can notify other party of their intent to
progress to tribunal
• This is why W3 will not be binding as under Housing Grants/Local Democracy Act, the right is to
go to Adjudication as per W2

Secondary Options

X4 – renamed “Ultimate holding company guarantee” from “Parent company guarantee

X8 – Undertakings to Client or Others – Contractor gives undertakings to Others as stated in contract

data

X9 – Transfer of Rights – Client owns Contractor rights over material prepared for design of works
except as stated in Scope

X10 – Information modelling

X11 – Termination by Client – Client may terminate for a reason not identified in termination table

X12 – renamed “Multiparty Collaboration” – split into Identified terms / Actions / Collaboration /
Incentives

X15 - renamed “Contractor’s Design”

X16 – Retention – clause 16.3 introduces a retention bond if stated in contract data or agreed by a Client

X21 – Whole Life Cost – Contractor can propose change to Scope to benefit operating
cost/maintenance. Quotation accepted or not accepted. If accepted, Project Manager changes
Scope/Prices/Completion Date accordingly. Change to Scope is not a compensation event.

X22 – Early Contractor Involvement (only options C & E)

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause
 NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract – review of changes from NEC3

Schedule of Cost Components

• 11 – amended to say wages and salaries for people working on the contract, rather than “when
working within the working area”
• 41 – Subcontractors
• 5 – Charges – better laid out and clearer
• 6/7/8 previous 5/6/7 (Manufacture and Fabrication / Design / Insurance) - no manufacture
percentage or design percentage anymore

Short Schedule of Cost Components (note short not shorter!)

• 1 – addition to second bullet where people can be paid who are not within the working areas,
but adds “proportionate to the time they spend in the working area”, which would seem even
more restrictive than NEC3?

Contract Data

new layout which encourages it to be filled out electronically

Data part 1

• adds in address for electronic communications for individuals

• early warning interval included
• optional statements are included within relevant contract section rather than at end
• adds space to add in additional compensation events
• space for exchange rates under option C/D/E
• new section for resolving disputes which includes space for senior representatives (W1/W2) or
the dispute avoidance panel members (W3)
• data to fill in for X8/X10/X22

Data part 2

• only one Contractor fee percentage – no subcontractor fee

• no people/working area overhead
• inclusion of people rates for option A/B, and for designers/manufacture for all options

PSC, TSC, SC contracts all use Defined Cost in the same way as ECC contracts

Key: new NEC4 clause, Point of clarity, Change to previous wording, Same clause re-numbered, Deleted NEC3 clause