This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A961/A961M − 19

Standard Specification for

Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,
Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

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1. Scope* the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
1.1 This specification covers a group of common require- in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ments that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
and parts for piping applications under any of the following values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
individual product specifications: with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the
“M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in
Title of Specification ASTM Designation
the order.
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105M 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181/A181M
Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182M dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Service Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Forgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350M
Toughness Testing for Piping Components mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Forged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522M Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts
for Low-Temperature Service
Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694M 2. Referenced Documents
Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure
Transmission Service
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
Flanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707M A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
Temperature Service Piping Applications
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with A727/A727M
Inherent Notch Toughness
A181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for
Forgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836M General-Purpose Piping
Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi- Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves
vidual product specification and a requirement of this general and Parts for High-Temperature Service
requirement specification, the requirements of the individual A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
product specification shall prevail over those of this specifica- Steel Forgings
tion. A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section Components
4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirements A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must of Steel Products
be included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaser A522/A522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9%
and supplier. Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
Low-Temperature Service
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units A694/A694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
High-Pressure Transmission Service
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
2
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A961/A961M – 16a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0961_A0961M-19 the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A961/A961M − 19
for Steel Products for Shipment 3.2.5 forging, n—the product of a substantially compressive
A707/A707M Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the
Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service material and produces the required shape.
A727/A727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for 3.2.5.1 Discussion—The plastic working must be performed
Piping Components with Inherent Notch Toughness by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rolling
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- machine, and must deform the material to produce a wrought
cal Analysis of Steel Products structure throughout the material cross section.
A836/A836M Specification for Titanium-Stabilized Carbon 3.2.6 seamless tubing, n—a tubular product made without a
Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel welded seam.
Service 3.2.6.1 Discussion—It is manufactured usually by hot work-
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related ing the material, and if necessary, by subsequently cold
Alloys, and Ferroalloys finishing the hot worked tubular product to produce the desired
A967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treat- shape, dimensions and properties.
ments for Stainless Steel Parts
A991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperature 4. Ordering Information
Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel
Products 4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
Products—Metric the needed material. Examples of such information include, but
B880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical are not limited to, the following:
Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and 4.1.1 Quantity,
Cobalt Alloys 4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances and
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen- surface finishes should be included),
eral Industry 4.1.3 Specification number with grade or class, or both, as
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, applicable, and year/date,
Blooms, and Forgings 4.1.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI
E1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals units) product standard. If the choice of test track is not
specified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall be
2.2 ASME Standard:3 used as noted in Test Methods A1058,
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code–Section IX 4.1.5 Supplementary requirements, and
2.3 Manufacturer’s Standardization Society Standard:4 4.1.6 Additional requirements.
SP 25 Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges
and Unions 5. Melting Process
3. Terminology 5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual Product
Specification, the steel shall be fully killed.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
specification, refer to Terminology A941. 5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,
it shall be stated on the purchase order.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bar, n—a solid rolled or forged section that is long in 5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
relationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relatively sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
constant cross section throughout its length and a wrought such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second-
microstructure. ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the
ingot remelted from a single primary heat.
3.2.2 certifying organization, n—the company or associa-
tion responsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and 5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When
the certification of the product to the specification require- steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-
ments. tion of the resultant transition material is required. The steel
producer shall remove the transition material by an established
3.2.3 fitting, n—a component for non-bolted joints in piping
procedure that positively separates the grades.
systems.
3.2.4 flange, n—a component for bolted joints used in 5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the source
piping systems. material to secure freedom from injurious porosity and
shrinkage, and undue segregation.

3
6. Manufacture
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// 6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forging
www.asme.org.
4
that is as close as practicable to the finished size or shape.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss- Alternative starting materials may be used, but with the
hq.com. following exceptions and requirements.
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 A961/A961M − 19
6.1.1 Bar—Flanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and header 8.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be
tees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollow made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of
cylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can be those elements specified in the individual product specification.
machined from bar provided that the axial length of the part is If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis
approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or the product of
stock. one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The chemical
6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and Tubing—Flanges shall not analysis thus determined shall conform to the requirements of
be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Other the individual product specification. Note that the product
hollow cylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seam- analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the
less pipe and tubing provided that the axial length of the part Heat Analysis requirements.
is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting 8.3 Product Analysis—If a product analysis is performed it
stock. shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
7. Heat Treatment Terminology A751. Samples for analysis shall be taken from
midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway
7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as
between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway
specified in the individual product specification using the
between center and surface of full-size prolongations or from
following procedures that are defined in more detail in Termi-
broken mechanical test specimens. The chemical composition
nology A941.
thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product
7.1.1 Annealing—Material shall be uniformly reheated to a
specification, within the permissible variations of Table 1 of
temperature above the transformation range and, after holding
this specification.
for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a
temperature below the transformation range.
9. Mechanical Requirements
7.1.2 Solution Annealing (or Solution Treat or Treatment)—
Material shall be heated to a temperature that causes the 9.1 Method of Mechanical Tests—All tests shall be con-
chromium carbides to go into solution, and then, quenched in ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370
water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent re- if the inch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if
precipitation. the M suffix (SI units) is specified.
7.1.3 Isothermal Annealing—Isothermal annealing shall 9.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to the
consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to and product specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-
holding within the range of temperature at which the austenite tained from the production forgings, or from separately forged
transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate. test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished
7.1.4 Normalizing—Material shall be uniformly reheated to product. In either case, mechanical test specimens shall not be
a temperature above the transformation range, and removed until after all heat treatment is complete. If repair
subsequently, cooled in air at room temperature. welding is performed, test specimens shall not be removed
7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat Treatment—Material until after post-weld heat treatment is complete, unless permit-
shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below the ted by the product specification. The locations from which test
transformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30 specimens are removed shall be in accordance with the Product
min or 1 h/in. [25.4 mm] of thickness at the thickest section and Specification.
cooled in still air.
7.1.6 Stress Relieving—Material shall be uniformly heated 9.3 If separately forged test blanks are used, they shall be of
to the selected stress relieving temperature, held long enough the same heat of steel, be subjected to substantially the same
to reduce stresses and then cooled at a rate that will result in the reduction and working as the production forging they
properties required for the material grade and minimize the represent, be heat treated in the same furnace charge except as
development of new residual stresses. The temperature shall provided for in the reduced testing provisions of the product
not vary from the selected temperature by more than 625 °F specification, under the same conditions as the production
[614 °C]. forging, and be of the same nominal thickness as the maximum
7.1.7 Quench and Temper—Material shall be fully austen- heat treated thickness of the production forging.
itized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium. 9.4 When parts are machined from bar or seamless tubing,
The quenched material shall be reheated to a minimum as permitted in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, the mechanical properties may
temperature of 1100 °F [590 °C] and cooled in still air. be determined for the parts from the starting material, if the
7.1.8 Same Heat Treat Cycle—Heat treat loads at the same parts have not been subjected to any subsequent thermal
temperature, equivalent soak times as appropriate for the processing since the time of mechanical test.
maximum section size on the respective load and equivalent
cooling methods. 10. Hardness Requirements
8. Chemical Requirements 10.1 The part shall conform to the hardness requirements
8.1 Chemical Analysis—Samples for chemical analysis and prescribed in the product specification.
methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, 10.2 Sampling for hardness testing shall conform to the
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Practices, and Terminology A751. product specification.

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 A961/A961M − 19
TABLE 1 Product Analysis TolerancesA 11. Tensile Requirements
Element Limit or Maximum of Tolerance Over the
Specified Range, Wt % Maximum Limit or 11.1 Sampling for tensile testing shall conform to the
Under the Minimum Product Specification.
Limit
Carbon to 0.010, incl. 0.002
11.2 When the dimensions of the material to be tested will
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl. 0.005 permit, the tension test specimens shall be machined to
over 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01 standard round 2-in. gauge length tension test specimen de-
over 0.20 to 0.80, incl. 0.02
Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03
scribed in Test Methods and Definitions A370 if inch-pound
over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04 units are specified or the standard gauge length tension test
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl. 0.05 specimens described in the applicable track of Test Methods
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.06
Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005
A1058 if SI units are specified.
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010 11.3 In the case of small sections, which will not permit
Sulfur to 0.040 incl. 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010 taking of the standard test specimen described in 11.2, the
over 0.20 to 0.50, incl. 0.020 subsize round specimen shall be machined. The tension test
Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0.05 specimen shall be as large as feasible.
over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.10
over 3.00 to 7.00, incl. 0.15 11.4 The results of the tensile tests shall conform to the
Chromium 0.90 and under 0.03
over 0.90 to 2.10, incl. 0.05
tensile property requirements prescribed in the product speci-
over 2.10 to 4.00, incl. 0.07 fication.
over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10
over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15 11.5 If the results of tension tests do not conform to the
over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20 requirements specified in the product specification, retests are
over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.25 permitted as outlined in the test methods specified herein. If the
Nickel to 1.00 incl. 0.03
over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07 results of any tension test specimen are less than specified
over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10 because a flaw becomes evident in the test specimen during
over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15 testing, a retest shall be allowed provided that the defect is not
over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.20
over 30.00 to 40.00, incl. 0.25 attributable to ruptures, cracks, or flakes in the steel.
Molybdenum to 0.20 incl. 0.01
over 0.20 to 0.60 incl. 0.03 12. Impact Requirements
over 0.60 to 2.00 incl. 0.05
over 2.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.10 12.1 The part shall conform to the impact requirements
Titanium to 1.15, incl. 0.05 prescribed in the product specification.
Niobium (Columbium) to 0.14, incl. 0.02
over 0.14 to 5.50 0.05 12.2 Sampling for impact testing shall conform to the
Tantalum to 0.10 incl. 0.02 Product Specification.
Copper to 0.50, incl. 0.03
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.05 12.3 Notched-bar impact specimens shall be simple-beam,
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl. 0.10 Charpy-type A with a V-notch in accordance with Test Methods
Cobalt 0.05 to 0.25, incl. 0.01B
0.25 to 5.00, incl. 0.07 and Definitions A370 if the inch-pound units are specified or
Nitrogen to 0.02, incl. 0.005 Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI Units) standard is
over 0.02 to 0.19 incl. 0.01 specified. Standard specimens 10 by 10 mm in cross section
over 0.19 to 0.25 0.02
over 0.25 to 0.35 0.03 shall be used unless the material to be tested is of insufficient
over 0.35 to 0.45 0.04 thickness, in which case the largest obtainable standard subsize
over 0.45 0.05
Aluminum to 0.15, incl. –0.005
impact specimens shall be used. When the size or shape of the
+0.01 finished part is insufficient to permit obtaining the smallest
over 0.15 to 0.50, incl. 0.05 standard subsize impact specimens, an impact test by the part
over 0.50 to 0.80, incl. 0.07
Vanadium to 0.10 incl. 0.01
manufacturer will not be required.
over 0.10 to 0.25 incl. 0.02 12.4 If the average impact energy value meets the product
over 0.25 to 0.50, incl. 0.03
minimum value specified, 0.01 specification requirements, but the energy value for one speci-
under minimum limit only men is below the specified minimum value for individual
Cerium to 0.20, incl. 0.01 specimens, a retest is permitted. This shall consist of two
Selenium to 0.35, incl. 0.001
Tungsten to 0.50, incl. 0.02 impact specimens from a location adjacent to, and on either
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.03 side of, the specimen that failed. Each of the retested speci-
over 1.00 to 2.00, incl. 0.05 mens must exhibit an energy value equal to or greater than the
over 2.00 to 4.00, incl. 0.06
Lead to 0.35, incl. 0.03 minimum average value required by the product specification.
Zirconium to 0.01, incl. 0.005
Boron to 0.015, incl. 0.0005 13. Hydrostatic Test Requirements
C
Tin to 0.010, incl.
Arsenic to 0.010, incl. C 13.1 Parts manufactured under this specification shall be
Antimony to 0.003, incl. C
capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating
A
This table does not apply to heat analysis. of the finished part. Such tests shall be conducted by the
B
Product analysis limits for cobalt under 0.05 % have not been established and supplier only when the hydrostatic test supplementary require-
the producer should be consulted for those limits.
C
No over tolerance allowed. ment in the product specification is invoked by the purchaser.
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 A961/A961M − 19
14. Rework imperfections require removal, and shall be removed by
14.1 When one or more representative test specimens or machining or grinding.
retest specimens do not conform to the requirements specified 15.5.2 Mechanical marks or abrasions and pits shall be
in the product specification for the tested characteristic, the acceptable without grinding or machining provided the depth
product may be reworked according to the following require- does not exceed 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. If such imperfections are
ments: deeper than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm] but do not encroach on the
14.1.1 If previously tested in the unheat treated condition, minimum wall thickness of the forging they shall be removed
the product may be reworked by heat treatment, and subse- by machining or grinding to sound metal.
quently retested, in accordance with the product specification. 15.5.3 The wall thickness at the point of grinding, or at
imperfections not required to be removed, shall be determined
14.1.2 If previously tested in the heat treated condition, the
by deducting the amount removed by grinding, from the
product may be reworked by reheat treatment, and subse-
nominal finished wall thickness of the part. In any case, the
quently retested, in accordance with the product specification.
wall thickness shall not be less than the specified minimum
value.
15. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion
Protection 16. Repair by Welding
15.1 The parts shall conform to the dimensions, tolerances, 16.1 The purchaser may require the supplier to submit
and finish as specified on the purchaser’s drawing or order and proposed weld repairs for approval by invoking the appropriate
the individual ASTM product specification. supplementary requirement from the applicable product speci-
15.2 The finished parts shall be cleaned to remove all scale fication in the purchase order. If the purchaser does not require
and processing compounds prior to the final surface examina- prior approval of proposed weld repairs, these repairs shall be
tion. The cleaning process shall not injure the surface finish, permitted at the discretion of the supplier. All weld repairs shall
material properties, or the metallurgical structure. be performed in accordance with the following limitations and
15.2.1 The surface finish shall allow the detection of imper- requirements.
fections that can be disclosed by visual inspection. 16.1.1 The welding procedure and welders shall be qualified
15.2.2 The cleaned parts shall be protected to prevent in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and
recontamination. Pressure Vessel Code.
15.2.2.1 Exterior and interior surfaces of carbon, low and 16.1.2 Defects shall be completely removed prior to weld-
intermediate alloy steel fittings shall have a corrosion protec- ing by chipping or grinding to sound metal. Removal of these
tive coating. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the defects shall be verified by magnetic particle inspection in
type of surface protection shall be at the option of the accordance with Test Method A275/A275M or Guide E709 for
manufacturer. the ferritic, martensitic, or ferritic/austenitic grades, or by
15.2.2.2 Stainless steel and nickel alloy fittings need not be liquid penetrant inspection in accordance with Test Method
coated. Unmachined surfaces of stainless steel fittings shall be E165/E165M for ferritic, martensitic, or austenitic grades.
passivated by exposure to an acid bath, or electropolished. 16.1.3 After repair welding, the welded area shall be ground
15.2.3 Protective coatings on parts subsequently subjected smooth to the original contour and shall be completely free of
to socket welds or butt welds shall be suitable for welding defects as verified by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
without removal of the coating. Threaded fittings shall be inspection, as applicable.
capable of installation without the removal of the coating. 16.1.4 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10 % of the
15.2.4 When specified in the purchase order, parts may be surface area of the part, or 331⁄3 % of the wall thickness of the
furnished in the as-formed or as-forged condition. finished product, or 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] deep at the location of the
repair.
15.3 The parts shall be free of injurious imperfections as
16.2 The weld repair shall conform to 9.2 and to the
defined below. At the discretion of the inspector representing
additional requirements, if any, invoked in the Product Speci-
the purchaser, finished parts shall be subject to rejection if
fication.
surface imperfections acceptable under 15.5 are not scattered,
but appear over a large area. 17. Inspection
15.4 Depth of Injurious Imperfections—Selected typical 17.1 The supplier shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all
linear and other typical surface imperfections shall be explored reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the material
for depth. When the depth encroaches on the minimum is being produced and furnished in accordance with the general
specified wall thickness of the finished part, such imperfections specification and the applicable product specification. Site
shall be considered injurious. inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily
15.5 Imperfections Not Classified as Injurious—Surface with the supplier’s operations.
imperfections not classified as injurious shall be treated as
follows: 18. Rejection and Rehearing
15.5.1 Seams, laps, tears, or slivers not deeper than 5 % of 18.1 Samples representing material rejected by the pur-
the actual wall thickness at the point of interest or 1⁄16 in. [1.6 chaser shall be preserved until disposition of the claim has been
mm], whichever is less, are acceptable. If deeper, these agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
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18.2 Material that shows injurious defects subsequent to its specification number, grade or marking symbol, class, certify-
acceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be rejected, and ing organization’s name or symbol, the heat number or heat
the manufacturer shall be notified. identification, size, and service rating, if applicable. Dual or
multiple marking with the product specification number, grade
19. Certification or marking symbol, and class is acceptable provided the
19.1 A test report and a certificate of compliance are material meets all the requirements with which it is marked. It
required. is not required to mark the product with the specification year
and date of issue. When size or shape does not permit the
19.2 Test reports shall include the product specification
inclusion of all the required marking as described, see 20.2.
number and year/date of issue, the results of all tests required
Manufacturer can also choose the use of tags, box labels, etc.
by this specification, and the purchaser order, and shall be
for identification when per piece marking is not practical due to
traceable to the part represented.
size or shape.
19.3 A single document, containing the test report informa-
20.2 The Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings,
tion and certificate of compliance information may be used.
Flanges and Unions MSS SP 25 shall be followed except the
19.4 A certificate printed from or used in electronic data word “steel” shall not be substituted for the specification grade.
interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded as having the
20.3 Product marking shall conform to the additional
same validity as a counterpoint printed in the certifier’s facility.
requirements, if any, invoked in the product specification or
The content of the EDI transmitted document shall conform to
purchase order.
any existing EDI agreement between the purchaser and sup-
plier. 21. Packaging, Marking and Loading for Shipment
19.5 Not withstanding the absence of a signature, the 21.1 Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be
organization submitting either a printed certificate or an EDI in accordance with Practices A700.
transmitted certificate is responsible for the content of the
report. 22. Keywords
22.1 alloy steel; carbon steel; fittings; flanges; forgings;
20. Marking general requirement; piping applications; pressure containing
20.1 Each piece shall be legibly marked in a position as not parts; stainless steel; temperature service applications—
to injure the usefulness of the forgings with the product elevated; temperature service applications—high; valves

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order, in which event, the
supplementary requirements specified shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise
agreed upon, at the purchaser’s expense. The test specified shall be witnessed by the purchaser’s
inspector before shipment of material, if so specified in the order. The rationale for beginning the
section numbering with S50 is to eliminate the possibility of confusion with supplementary
requirements existing in individual product specifications.
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S50. Macroetch Test S52. Product Analysis

S50.1 A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched to S52.1 A product analysis shall be made from one randomly
show flow lines and internal imperfections. The test shall be selected forging representing each heat. The results shall
conducted according to Method E381. comply with the product analysis limits listed in the applicable
S50.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between product specification. For Specification A182/A182M grades
the certifying organization and the purchaser. of F20 and F58, results shall comply with the product analysis
limits listed in Specification B880.
S51. Heat Analysis S52.2 If the analysis fails to comply, each forging shall be
checked or the lot rejected. All results shall be reported to the
S51.1 When secondary melting processes are employed, a
purchaser.
heat analysis shall be obtained from each remelted ingot, or the
product of each remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The
chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require- S53. Tension Tests
ments of the individual product specification. Note that the S53.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 9, one
product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to be tension specimen shall be obtained from a representative
applied to the heat analysis requirements. forging from each heat at a location agreed upon between the

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 A961/A961M − 19
certifying organization and the purchaser. The results of the test S60.2 Forgings shall receive a positive material identifica-
shall comply with the tensile property requirements listed in tion examination in accordance with Guide E1916.
the applicable product specification and shall be reported to the S60.3 The quantity examined shall be 100 % of the forg-
purchaser. ings.
S60.4 All forgings that are not of the correct material grade
S54. Impact Tests shall be rejected.
S54.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 9, three S60.5 The method of forging marking after examination
CVN impact energy specimens shall be obtained from a shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
representative forging from each heat at a location agreed upon purchaser.
between the certifying organization and the purchaser.
S54.2 The purchaser shall supply the impact test tempera- S61. Heat Treatment in the Working Zone of a Surveyed
ture and the required minimum requirements for the test, Furnace
including the lowest single absorbed energy for a single S61.1 Material shall be heat treated in the working zone of
specimen if an average absorbed energy value is required. The a furnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test
lateral expansion values and the fracture appearance of the Method A991/A991M, provided that such working zone was
specimens as percentage ductile fracture shall be reported for established using a variation of 25 °F [14 °C] or less from the
information if these parameters are not part of the acceptance furnace set point.
requirements. S61.2 The test report shall indicate that S61 applies.
S55. Magnetic Particle Examination
S62. Requirements for Carbon Steel Products for Concen-
S55.1 All accessible surfaces of the finished forging shall be trated Hydrofluoric Acid Service
examined by a magnetic particle method. The method shall be
in accordance with Test Method A275/A275M. Acceptance S62.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat
limits shall be as agreed upon between the certifying organi- analysis shall be as follows:
zation and the purchaser. Maximum section thickness less than or equal CE maximum = 0.43
to 1 in.
Maximum section thickness greater than 1 in. CE maximum = 0.45
S56. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S62.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
S56.1 All accessible surfaces shall be examined by a liquid
penetrant method in accordance with Test Method E165/ CE 5 C1Mn⁄61 ~ C r 1 M o 1 V ! ⁄51 ~ N i 1 C u ! ⁄15 (1)

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E165M. Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the S62.3 Vanadium and Niobium maximum content based on
certifying organization and the purchaser. heat analysis shall be:
Maximum Vanadium = 0.02 wt %
S57. Hydrostatic Testing Maximum NiobiumA = 0.02 wt %
S57.1 A hydrostatic test at a pressure agreed upon between Maximum Vanadium plus NiobiumA = 0.03 wt %

the certifying organization and the purchaser shall be applied A

Niobium = Columbium
by the certifying organization.
S62.4 The maximum composition based on heat analysis of
S58. Repair Welding Ni + Cu shall be 0.15 wt %.
S58.1 No repair welding shall be permitted without prior S62.5 The minimum C content based on heat analysis shall
approval of the purchaser. If permitted, the restrictions of be 0.18 wt %. The maximum C content shall be as specified in
Section 16 shall apply. the appropriate material specification.
S62.6 Repair welds shall not be made with E60XX elec-
S59. Electropolished Austenitic and Ferritic–Austenitic trodes. Use of E70XX electrodes is recommended, and the
Grades resulting weld chemistry should meet the same chemistry
S59.1 All electropolished austenitic and ferritic–austenitic criteria as the base metal as listed above.
products shall be of a cleanliness in accordance with Specifi- S62.7 In addition to the requirements of product marking of
cation A967/A967M. the specification, a “HF” stamp or marking shall be provided
S59.2 Details concerning which test method of Specifica- on each component to identify that component complies with
tion A967/A967M are to be a matter of agreement between the this supplementary requirement.
manufacturer and the purchaser.
S63 Pressure Equipment Directive—Mechanical Testing
S60. Positive Material Identification Examination S63.1 Charpy impact testing shall be done at the lowest
S60.1 Forgings shall receive positive material identification scheduled operating temperature but not higher than 68 °F [20
to ensure that the purchaser is receiving forgings of the correct °C].
material grade prior to shipment of the forgings. This exami- S63.2 The frequency of impact testing shall be the same as
nation is a method to ensure that no material grade mix-up has that specified in the product specification for the tension test,
occurred during the manufacturing and marking of the forg- with three individual Charpy test specimens for each required
ings. tension test.

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 A961/A961M − 19
S63.3 The minimum impact absorption energy for the S63.5 Impact and tension test results shall be included in the
Charpy test specimen shall be at least 20 ft/lb [27 J]. product certification.
S63.4 The minimum elongation in the tension test shall be
measured on a gauge length of five times the diameter of the
test specimen, and it shall not be less than 14 %.

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS

A1.1 New materials may be proposed for inclusion in A1.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as
specifications referencing this specification of general require- required by the applicable specification. Test data from a
ments subject to the following conditions: minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each
A1.1.1 Application for the addition of a new grade to a from a different heat, shall be furnished.
specification shall be made to the chair of the subcommittee A1.1.4 The application shall provide recommendations for
that has jurisdiction over that specification.
all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
A1.1.2 The application shall be accompanied by a statement
from at least one user indicating that there is a need for the new A1.1.5 The application shall state whether or not the new
grade to be included in the applicable specification. grade is covered by patent.

A2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FROM OTHER A01 OR B02.07 SPECIFICATIONS

A2.1 Wrought materials that are already covered by another A2.1.2 The chemical requirements, the specified mechani-
A01 or B02.07 specification may be proposed for inclusion in cal properties, and the heat treatment requirements of the grade
specifications referencing this specification of general require- being added shall be the same as those for the grade in the A01
ments subject to the following conditions: or B02.07 specification in which the grade is presently covered.
A2.1.1 Application for the addition of a grade that is already A2.1.3 The application shall provide the recommendations
covered in another A01 or B02.07 specification shall be made for all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
to the chair of the subcommittee that has jurisdiction over that A2.1.4 The application shall state whether or not the grade
specification. is covered by patent.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A961/A961M – 16a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved March 1, 2019)

(1) Table 1 and Table 2 are combined into one table and (3) Section 19 revised to certify to the product specification
Section 8 reflects the new Table 1 applies for any product number.
analysis.
(2) Sections 8 and 12 revised to replace fitting with material or
part.

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 A961/A961M − 19
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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