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    Main Articles:, ,, And: Computer Hardware Personal Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit Microprocessor

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    Mark Galicia
    This document discusses the history and components of computer hardware. It describes the four main components of a general-purpose computer: the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory, and input/output devices. These components are interconnected by buses and contain thousands to trillions of electrical circuits that can be switched on or off to represent binary digits and perform logic operations. The document outlines the evolution of hardware through four generations from mechanical to integrated circuits. It also lists various types of computer hardware including central processing units, graphics cards, memory, and peripheral devices.

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    Main Articles:, ,, And: Computer Hardware Personal Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit Microprocessor

    Uploaded by

    Mark Galicia
    42 views7 pages
    This document discusses the history and components of computer hardware. It describes the four main components of a general-purpose computer: the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory, and input/output devices. These components are interconnected by buses and contain thousands to trillions of electrical circuits that can be switched on or off to represent binary digits and perform logic operations. The document outlines the evolution of hardware through four generations from mechanical to integrated circuits. It also lists various types of computer hardware including central processing units, graphics cards, memory, and peripheral devices.

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    COMPUTER HARDWARE

    Original Title

    Hardware

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    This document discusses the history and components of computer hardware. It describes the four main components of a general-purpose computer: the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory, and input/output devices. These components are interconnected by buses and contain thousands to trillions of electrical circuits that can be switched on or off to represent binary digits and perform logic operations. The document outlines the evolution of hardware through four generations from mechanical to integrated circuits. It also lists various types of computer hardware including central processing units, graphics cards, memory, and peripheral devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views7 pages

    Main Articles:, ,, And: Computer Hardware Personal Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit Microprocessor

    Uploaded by

    Mark Galicia
    This document discusses the history and components of computer hardware. It describes the four main components of a general-purpose computer: the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory, and input/output devices. These components are interconnected by buses and contain thousands to trillions of electrical circuits that can be switched on or off to represent binary digits and perform logic operations. The document outlines the evolution of hardware through four generations from mechanical to integrated circuits. It also lists various types of computer hardware including central processing units, graphics cards, memory, and peripheral devices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Hardware

    Main articles: Computer hardware, Personal


    computer hardware, Central processing unit,
    and Microprocessor

    Video demonstrating the standard components of a


    "slimline" computer
    The term hardware covers all of those parts of a
    computer that are tangible physical objects.
    Circuits, computer chips, graphic cards, sound
    cards, memory (RAM), motherboard, displays,
    power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and
    "mice" input devices are all hardware.
    History of computing hardware
    Main article: History of computing hardware

    First Calculators Pascal's


    generation calculator, Arithm
    (mechanical/el ometer, Difference
    ectromechanic engine, Quevedo'
    s analytical
    machines

    Jacquard
    loom, Analytical
    al) engine, IBM
    Programmabl
    ASCC/Harvard
    e devices
    Mark I, Harvard
    Mark II, IBM
    SSEC, Z1, Z2, Z3

    Second Atanasoff–Berry
    generation Computer, IBM
    Calculators
    (vacuum tubes) 604, UNIVAC
    60, UNIVAC 120

    Programmabl Colossus, ENIAC, 
    e devices Manchester
    Baby, EDSAC, Ma
    nchester Mark
    1, Ferranti
    Pegasus, Ferranti
    Mercury, CSIRAC, 
    EDVAC, UNIVAC
    I, IBM 701, IBM
    702, IBM 650, Z22

    IBM 7090, IBM
    7080, IBM
    Mainframes
    System/360, BUN
    Third CH
    generation
    (discrete transi
    HP 2116A, IBM
    stors and SSI,
    System/32, IBM
    MSI, Minicomputer
    System/36, LINC, 
    LSI integrated
    PDP-8, PDP-11
    circuits)

    Desktop
    HP 9100
    Computer

    Fourth VAX, IBM System


    Minicomputer
    generation i
    (VLSI integrate
    d circuits) 4-bit microco Intel 4004, Intel
    mputer 4040

    8-bit microco Intel 8008, Intel


    mputer 8080, Motorola
    6800, Motorola
    6809, MOS
    Technology
    6502, Zilog Z80

    Intel 8088, Zilog
    16-bit microc
    Z8000, WDC
    omputer
    65816/65802

    Intel
    32-bit microc 80386, Pentium, 
    omputer Motorola
    68000, ARM

    Alpha, MIPS, PA-
    64-bit microc RISC, PowerPC, 
    omputer[91] SPARC, x86-64, 
    ARMv8-A

    Embedded Intel 8048, Intel


    computer 8051

    Personal Desktop
    computer computer, Home
    computer, Laptop 
    computer, Person
    al digital
    assistant (PDA), P
    ortable
    computer, Tablet
    PC, Wearable
    computer

    Quantum
    computer, Ch
    emical
    computer, D
    NA
    computing, O
    Theoretical/exp
    ptical
    erimental
    computer, Sp
    intronics-
    based
    computer, W
    etware/Organ
    ic computer
    Other hardware topics

    Peripheral de Input Mouse, keyboard, joystic


    vice k, image
    scanner, webcam, graphi
    cs tablet, microphone

    Monitor, printer, loudspea
    Output
    (input/output) ker

    Floppy disk drive, hard
    Both disk drive, optical
    disc drive, teleprinter

    Short
    RS-232, SCSI, PCI, USB
    range

    Computer Long
    buses range
    (comput
    Ethernet, ATM, FDDI
    er
    networki
    ng)

    A general-purpose computer has four main


    components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU),
    the control unit, the memory, and the input and
    output devices (collectively termed I/O). These
    parts are interconnected by buses, often made of
    groups of wires. Inside each of these parts are
    thousands to trillions of small electrical
    circuits which can be turned off or on by means of
    an electronic switch. Each circuit represents
    a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the
    circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it
    represents a "0" (in positive logic representation).
    The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that
    one or more of the circuits may control the state of
    one or more of the other circuits.

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