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    Andrews 6 Keys-1

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    Silky Grover
    The document discusses Andrews' Six Keys of Normal Occlusion which were identified by studying 120 models of non-orthodontically treated teeth with excellent occlusion. The six keys are: 1) interarch relationships, 2) crown angulation, 3) crown inclination, 4) absence of rotations, 5) tight contacts, and 6) occlusal plane curvature. The keys were found to be consistently present and can be used to measure the success of orthodontic treatment in achieving normal occlusion.

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    Andrews 6 Keys-1

    Uploaded by

    Silky Grover
    262 views27 pages
    The document discusses Andrews' Six Keys of Normal Occlusion which were identified by studying 120 models of non-orthodontically treated teeth with excellent occlusion. The six keys are: 1) interarch relationships, 2) crown angulation, 3) crown inclination, 4) absence of rotations, 5) tight contacts, and 6) occlusal plane curvature. The keys were found to be consistently present and can be used to measure the success of orthodontic treatment in achieving normal occlusion.

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    andrews 6 keys-1

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    The document discusses Andrews' Six Keys of Normal Occlusion which were identified by studying 120 models of non-orthodontically treated teeth with excellent occlusion. The six keys are: 1) interarch relationships, 2) crown angulation, 3) crown inclination, 4) absence of rotations, 5) tight contacts, and 6) occlusal plane curvature. The keys were found to be consistently present and can be used to measure the success of orthodontic treatment in achieving normal occlusion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    262 views27 pages

    Andrews 6 Keys-1

    Uploaded by

    Silky Grover
    The document discusses Andrews' Six Keys of Normal Occlusion which were identified by studying 120 models of non-orthodontically treated teeth with excellent occlusion. The six keys are: 1) interarch relationships, 2) crown angulation, 3) crown inclination, 4) absence of rotations, 5) tight contacts, and 6) occlusal plane curvature. The keys were found to be consistently present and can be used to measure the success of orthodontic treatment in achieving normal occlusion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Andrews’

    Six Keys
    of
    Normal Occlusion
    Introduction

    ◼ There is no of diagnostic way to measure or


    accurately estimate malocclusion, nor to decide
    how closely trt. has approached good results,
    until we first know what normal (good)
    occlusion is.
    Introduction

    ◼ Six significant occlusal characteristics identified &


    first reported in 1972 by Lawrence F. Andrews
    “The six keys to normal occlusion”
    ◼ These six keys were found to be consistently
    present in a collection of 120 models of teeth with
    natural excellent occlusion (“nonorthdontic
    normal” models)
    Study

    ◼ A gathering of data (1960 to 1964)

    ◼ 120 nonorthodontic normal models

    ◼ With the cooperation of

    Some Orthodontists & general dentists in San Diego

    University of Illinois (Dr. A..G Brodie )


    Teeth of selected models

    ◼ Never had orthodontic treatment

    ◼ Were straight and pleasing in appearance

    ◼ Had a bite which looked generally correct

    ◼ Would not benefit from orthodontic treatment.


    Key I. Interarch relationships
    The nonorthodontic normal models consistently
    demonstrated that

    ◼ The distal surface of the distal marginal ridge


    of the upper first permanent molar contacts
    and occludes with the mesial surface of the
    mesial marginal ridge of the lower second
    molar.
    Key I. Interarch relationships
    ◼ The mesio-buccal cusp of the upper first
    permanent molar falls within the groove
    between the mesial and middle cusps of the
    lower first permanent molar.

    ◼ The mesio-lingual cusp of the upper first


    molar seats in the central fossa of the lower
    first molar.
    Key I. Interarch relationships
    ◼ The premolars enjoy a cusp-embrasure
    relationship buccally, and a cusp fossa
    relationship lingually.

    ◼ Max. canine has a cusp-embrasure


    relationship with mand. canine & 1 st PM. The
    cusp tip is slightly mesial to embrasure

    ◼ Max. incisors overlap mand. Incisors &


    midlines of arches match
    Key II. Crown angulation (tip)
    Facial axis of the clinical crown (FACC)
    ◼ Best viewed from the labial or buccal perspective
    ◼ For all teeth except molars, is located at the mid-
    developmental ridge that runs vertically and is the most
    prominent portion in the central area of the labial or
    buccal surface.
    Key II. Crown angulation (tip)
    Crown angulation refers to angulation (or tip) of
    the long axis of the crown, not to angulation of
    the long axis of the entire tooth.

    ◼ As orthodontists, we work specifically with the


    crowns of teeth and, therefore, crowns should
    be our communication base or referent.
    Key II. Crown angulation (tip)

    Crown Angulation or Crown tip


    ◼ The degree of crown tip is the angle formed by
    the FACC and a line perpendicular to the
    occlusal plane.
    ◼ A “+ reading" when the gingival portion of the
    FACC is distal to the incisal portion.
    ◼ A “- reading" when the gingival portion of the
    FACC is mesial to the incisal portion.
    Key II. Crown angulation (tip)
    Key III. Crown inclination (torque)

    ◼ Crown inclination angle formed by a line which


    bears 90°to the occlusal plane and FACC (as
    viewed from the mesial or distal).
    ◼ A + reading is given if the gingival portion of the
    tangent line (or of the crown) is lingual to the
    incisal portion,
    ◼ A - reading is recorded when the gingival portion
    of the tangent line (or of the crown) is labial to the
    incisal portion
    Key III. Crown inclination (torque)
    Key III. Crown inclination (torque)

    ANTERIOR CROWN INCLINATION.


    In upper incisors + crown inclination.
    In lower incisors - crown inclination
    Key III. Crown inclination (torque)

    POSTERIOR CROWN INCLINATION— UPPER.


    ◼ A minus crown inclination for each crown from the
    U canine through the U-2nd PM.
    ◼ A slightly more negative crown inclination existed
    in the U-1st & 2nd molars
    Key III. Crown inclination (torque)

    POSTERIOR CROWN INCLINATION— LOWER.


    A progressively greater "minus" crown
    inclination existed from the lower canines
    through the lower second molars
    Key IV. Rotations
    ◼ Teeth should be free of undesirable rotations.
    Rotated molar, would occupy
    more space than normal,
    creating a situation unreceptive
    to normal occlusion .
    Key V. Tight contacts

    ◼ Contact points should be tight (no spaces).

    ◼ Persons who have genuine tooth-size


    discrepancies pose special problems.
    Key VI. Occlusal plane (curve of spee)
    ◼ Depth of curve of spee ranges from flat plane
    to slight concave surface (0- 2.5 mm)
    ◼ A flat plane should be a treatment goal as a
    form of over treatment.
    Key VI. Occlusal plane (curve of spee)
    ◼A deep curve of Spee results in a more contained
    area for the U teeth, making normal occlusion
    impossible.
    ◼.
    Key VI. Occlusal plane (curve
    of spee)
    ◼ A reverse c.o.s is an extreme form of over
    treatment, allowing excessive space for each
    tooth to be intercuspally placed
    Key VII. Correct tooth size

    ◼ By Bennett & McLaughlin


    ◼ Bolton analysis
    Key VII. Correct tooth size

    ◼ The potential need for interproximal reduction to


    ↓ tooth size in one arch or restorative procedure
    to ↑tooth size in opp. arch should be discussed
    with patient/parents before treatment.
    Conclusion
    ◼ The 120 nonorthodontic normal models
    differed in some respects, but all shared the
    six characteristics.

    ◼ Compromise treatment is acceptable when


    patient cooperation or genetics demands it,
    but should not be acceptable when treatment
    limitations do not exist.
    ◼ When possible, six keys should be our measure
    of the static relationship of successful orthodontic
    treatment.

    ◼ Achieving the final desired occlusion is the


    purpose of the six keys to normal occlusion.

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