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Sim - Modul 6

This document provides an overview of database management systems. It discusses database structures like hierarchical, network and relational models. It explains key database concepts such as normalization, keys, and relationships between tables. The document also describes database modeling techniques like entity-relationship diagrams and class diagrams. It discusses how structured query language is used to interact with databases. Finally, it outlines the roles of database administrators, programmers and end users, and compares the advantages and costs of database management systems.

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Sakura Pratiwi
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47 views25 pages

Sim - Modul 6

This document provides an overview of database management systems. It discusses database structures like hierarchical, network and relational models. It explains key database concepts such as normalization, keys, and relationships between tables. The document also describes database modeling techniques like entity-relationship diagrams and class diagrams. It discusses how structured query language is used to interact with databases. Finally, it outlines the roles of database administrators, programmers and end users, and compares the advantages and costs of database management systems.

Uploaded by

Sakura Pratiwi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SISTEM INFORMASI

06
Modul ke:

MANAJEMEN
Database Management System
Fakultas
Ekonomi Bisnis Veronica Setiawan SE., M.Ak
Program Studi
Manajemen dan
Akuntansi
Learning Objective

 Understand the hierarchy of data.


 Understand database structures and how they
work.
 Know how to relate tables together in a database.
 Recognize the difference between a database and a
database management system.
 Understand the database concept.
 Know two basic methods for determining data
needs.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Learning Objective (Cont’d)

 Understand entity-relationship diagrams and class


diagrams.
 Know the basics of reports and forms.
 Understand the basic difference between
structured query language and query-by-example.
 Know about the important personnel who are
associated with databases.
 Know the advantages and costs of database
management systems.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Data Hierarchy

• Mainframes are large computers used for


centralized information systems.
• Microcomputers or PCs are computers used
by one person.
• Processor (CPU) is where data processing is
performed.
• Processor speed is measured by the # of
cycles that occur per second.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database

 Table of rows & columns can be represented in a


spreadsheet.
 Relational database structure is conceptually similar
to a collection of related tables.
 Flat file is a table that does not have repeating
columns; 1st normal form.
 Normalization is a formal process for eliminating
redundant data fields which preserving the ability of
the database to add, delete, and modify records
without causing errors.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database (Cont’d)

 Key in a table is a field (or combination of fields) that


contain a value that uniquely identifies each record
in the table.
 Candidate key is a field that uniquely identifies each
table row but is not the chosen key.
 Relating tables is done through sharing a common
field & the value of the field determines which rows
in the tables are logically joined.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database Management System

Database management system (DBMS) is a


software application that stores the structure
of the database, the data itself, relationships
among data in the database, and forms &
reports pertaining to the database.
– Self-describing set of related data.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database Structures

Hierarchical is formed by data groups,


subgroups, and further subgroups; like
branches on a tree.
– Worked well with TPSs.
– Utilized computer resources efficiently.
Network allows retrieval of specific records;
allows a given record to point to any other
record in the database.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Figure 6.1 Hierarchical Structure

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database Structures (Cont’d)

 Relational is when the relationship between


tables are implicit.
 Physical relationship is when the database
structure (hierarchical, network) rely on storage
addresses.
 Implicit relationship is when the database
structure (relational) can be implied from the
data.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


A Relational Database Example

 A database named Schedule has been created


from tables used earlier in the chapter and some
others
 The database is implemented in Microsoft Access
2002 (also known as Access XP).
 Databases break information into multiple tables
because if information were stored in a single
table, many data field values would be duplicated.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database Concept

 Database concept is the logical integration of


records across multiple physical locations.
 Data independence is the ability to make changes in
the data structure without making changes to the
application programs that access the data.
 Data dictionary includes the definition of the data
stored within the database & controlled by the
database management system.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Creating a Database

Determine data that needs to be collected &


stored is a key step.
Process-oriented approach
– Define the problem.
– Identify necessary decisions.
– Describe information needs.
– Determine the necessary processing.
– Specify data needs.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Determine Data Needs (Cont’d)

• Enterprise modeling approach takes a broad


view of the firm’s data resources; all areas are
considered, & synergy of data resources
between business areas can be leveraged.
– Result: Enterprise data model

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Data Modeling Techniques

Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) is a


graphical representation of data in entities
and the relationships between entities.
Entity is a conceptual collection of related
data fields.
Relationship is defined between entities.
– One-to-one – 1:1
– One-to-many – 1:M
– Many-to-many – M:N

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Entity-relationship Diagram

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Diagramming Techniques (Cont’d)

• Class Diagram is a graphical representation of both


the data used in an application and the actions
associated with the data; object-oriented design
model
• Objects are the data, actions taken on the data, &
relationship between objects.
• Class diagrams consist of the named class, fields in
the class, & actions (methods) that act upon the
class.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Class Diagram

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Structured Query Language

 Structured query language (SQL) is the code that


RDBMSs use to perform their database tasks.
 Method of choice for interacting with web-based
databases.
 Writing SQL statements are not difficult for most
manager’s data needs.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


SQL Code

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Advanced Database Processing

 On-line analytical processing (OLAP) allows data


analysis similar to statistical cross-tabulation.
 Data mining, data marts, & data warehousing focus
on methodologies that offer users quick access to
aggregated data specific to their decision-making
needs.
 Knowledge discovery analyzes data usage & data
commonality among different tables.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database Personnel

Database Administrator (DBA) is an expert in


developing, providing, and securing
databases; duties include
– Database planning;
– Database implementation;
– Database operation;
– Database security.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Database Personnel (Cont’d)

Database programmer writes code to strip


and/or aggregate data from the database
– High level of specialization & selection
End user generates reports & forms, post
queries to the database, & use results from
their database inquiries to make decisions
that affect the firm & its environmental
constituents.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


DBMSs in Perspective

DBMS Advantages
– Reduce data redundancy.
– Achieve data independence.
– Retrieve data & information rapidly.
– Improve security.
DBMS Disadvantages
– Obtain expensive software.
– Obtain a large hardware configuration.
– Hire and maintain a DBA staff.

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell


Terima Kasih
Veronica Setiawan, SE, M.Ak

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