Intro To Anomal Detection With Opencv, Computer Vision, and Scikit-Learn
Intro To Anomal Detection With Opencv, Computer Vision, and Scikit-Learn
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A N O M A LY O U T L I R D T C T I O N I M AG D C R I P T O R M AC H I N L A R N I N G T U TO R I A L
Intro to anomal detection with
Click here to download the source code to this post
,
In this tutorial ou will learn how to perform anomal novelt detection in image /
, /
In this tutorial ou will learn how to perform anomal novelt detection in image
, ,
datasets using OpenCV Computer Vision and the scikit learn machine learning -
.
lirar
Imagine this — ou’re fresh out of college with a degree in Computer cience.
You focused our studies speci몭call on computer vision and machine learning .
Your 몭rst jo out of school is with the United tates National Parks department .
Your task ?
uild a computer vision sstem that can automaticall recognize 몭ower
.
species in the park uch a sstem can e used to detect invasive plant species
that ma e harmful to the overall ecosstem of the park .
You recognize immediatel that computer vision can e used to recognize 몭ower
species .
ut 몭rst ou need to :
1 Gather example images of each 몭ower species in the park i e uild a ( . .,
dataset ).
2 Quantif the image dataset and train a machine learning model to
recognize the species .
3 /
pot when outlier anomal plant species are detected that wa a trained ,
’
otanist can inspect the plant and determine if it s harmful to the park s ’
environment .
teps #1 and #2 and fairl straightforward — ut tep #3 is sustantiall harder
to perform .
How are ou supposed to train a machine learning model to automaticall detect
“ ”
if a given input image is outside the normal distriution of what plants look like
in the park ?
The answer lies in a special class of machine learning algorithms including ,
outlier detection and novelt anomal detection / .
, ’
In the remainder of this tutorial ou ll learn the di몭erence etween these
algorithms and how ou can use them to spot outliers and anomalies in our own
algorithms and how ou can use them to spot outliers and anomalies in our own
image datasets .
/
To learn how to perform anomal novelt detection in image datasets just ,
keep reading !
Looking for the source code to this post ?
J U M P R I G H T TO T H D O W N LOA D C T I O N
Intro to anomal detection with OpenCV ,
Computer Vision and scikit learn , -
, ’
In the 몭rst part of this tutorial we ll discuss the di몭erence etween standard
events that occur naturall and outlier anomal events / .
’
We ll also discuss wh these tpes of events can e especiall hard for machine
learning algorithms to detect .
’
From there we ll review our example dataset for this tutorial .
’
I ll then show ou how to :
1 Load our input images from disk .
2 Quantif them .
3 Train a machine learning model used for anomal detection on our
quanti몭ed images .
4 ’ /
From there we ll e ale to detect outliers anomalies in new input images .
’
Let s get started !
What are outliers and anomalies And wh are the ?
What are outliers and anomalies And wh are the ?
hard to detect ?
: - ’
Figure 1 cikit learn s de몭nition of an outlier is an important concept for anomal
(
detection with OpenCV and computer vision image source ).
Anomalies are de몭ned as events that deviate from the standard rarel ,
, ’
happen and don t follow the rest of the pattern “ ”.
xamples of anomalies include :
Large dips and spikes in the stock market due to world events
/
Defective items in a factor on a conveor elt
Contaminated samples in a la
,
If ou were to think of a ell curve anomalies exist on the far far ends of the ,
tails.
: .
Figure 2 Anomalies exist at either side of a ell curve In this tutorial we will
, ,
conduct anomal detection with OpenCV computer vision and scikit learn -
(image source).
,
These events will occur ut will happen with an incredil small proailit .
,
From a machine learning perspective this makes detecting anomalies hard —
, “ ”
de몭nition we have man examples of standard events and few examples of
“anomal” events.
, ,
We therefore have a massive skew in our dataset .
,
How are machine learning algorithms which tend to work optimall with
,
alanced datasets supposed to work when the anomalies we want to detect
ma onl happen 1%, 0.1%, or 0.0001% of the time?
,
Luckil machine learning researchers have investigated this tpe of prolem and
have devised algorithms to handle the task .
Anomal detection algorithms
: - ,
Figure 3 To detect anomalies in time series data e on the lookout for spikes as shown .
- , ,
We will use scikit learn computer vision and OpenCV to detect anomalies in this tutorial
(image source).
Anomal detection algorithms can e roken down into two suclasses :
:
Outlier detection Our input dataset contains examples of oth standard
.
events and anomal events These algorithms seek to 몭t regions of the
training data where the standard events are most concentrated disregarding , ,
,
and therefore isolating the anomal events uch algorithms are often trained .
( . ., ).
in an unsupervised fashion i e without laels We sometimes use these
methods to help clean and pre-process datasets efore appling additional
machine learning techniques.
:
Novelt detection Unlike outlier detection which includes examples of oth,
,
standard and anomal events novelt detection algorithms have onl the
( . .,
standard event data points i e no anomal events during training time ) .
,
During training we provide these algorithms with laeled examples of
( ).
standard events supervised learning At testing prediction time novelt /
detection algorithms must detect when an input data point is an outlier .
Outlier detection is a form of unsupervised learning Here we provide our entire .
dataset of example data points and ask the algorithm to group them into inliers
(standard data points) and outliers (anomalies).
Novelt detection is a form of supervised learning ut we onl have laels for ,
the standard data points — it’s up to the novelt detection algorithm to predict if
a given data point is an inlier or outlier at test time.
, ’
In the remainder of this log post we ll e focusing on novelt detection as a
form of anomal detection .
Isolation Forests for anomal detection
: “ ” .’
Figure 4 A technique called Isolation Forests ased on Liu et al s 2012 paper is used to
, , - (
conduct anomal detection with OpenCV computer vision and scikit learn image source ).
’
We ll e using Isolation Forests to perform anomal detection ased on Liu et ,
.’ , -
al s 2012 paper Isolation ased Anomal Detection .
Isolation forests are a tpe of ensemle algorithm and consist of multiple
decision trees used to partition the input dataset into distinct groups of inliers .
,
As Figure 4 shows aove Isolation Forests accept an input dataset white (
)
points and then uild a manifold surrounding them .
,
At test time the Isolation Forest can then determine if the input points fall inside
( ; )
the manifold standard events green points or outside the high densit area -
(anomal events; red points).
Reviewing how the Isolation Forests constructs an ensemle of partitioning trees
,
is outside the scope of this post so e sure to refer to Liu et al s paper for more .’
details .
Con몭guring our anomal detection development
environment
’ ,
To follow along with toda s tutorial ou will need a Pthon 3 virtual
environment with the following packages installed :
scikit learn -
OpenCV
NumP
imutils
, -,
Luckil each of these packages is pip installale ut there are a handful of pre-
requisites (including Pthon virtual environments). e sure to follow the following
guide 몭rst to set up our virtual environment with OpenCV: pip install opencv
,
Once our Pthon 3 virtual environment is read the pip install commands
include :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Tuning dlib shape predictor hyperparameters to balance speed, accuracy, and model size
1. $ workon <envname>
2. $ pip install numpy
3. $ pip install opencvcontribpython
4. $ pip install imutils
5. $ pip install scikitlearn
:
Note The workon command ecomes availale once ou install virtualenv
and virtualenvwrapper per the pip install opencv installation guide .
Project structure
e sure to gra the source code and example images to toda s post using the ’
“Downloads” section of the tutorial. After ou unarchive the .zip 몭le ou’ll e
presented with the following project structure :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. $ tree dirsfirst
2. .
3. ├── examples
4. │ ├── coast_osun52.jpg
5. │ ├── forest_cdmc290.jpg
6. │ └── highway_a836030.jpg
7. ├── forest
8. │ ├── forest_bost100.jpg
9. │ ├── forest_bost101.jpg
9. │ ├── forest_bost101.jpg
10. │ ├── forest_bost102.jpg
11. │ ├── forest_bost103.jpg
12. │ ├── forest_bost98.jpg
13. │ ├── forest_cdmc458.jpg
14. │ ├── forest_for119.jpg
15. │ ├── forest_for121.jpg
16. │ ├── forest_for127.jpg
17. │ ├── forest_for130.jpg
18. │ ├── forest_for136.jpg
19. │ ├── forest_for137.jpg
20. │ ├── forest_for142.jpg
21. │ ├── forest_for143.jpg
22. │ ├── forest_for146.jpg
23. │ └── forest_for157.jpg
24. ├── pyimagesearch
25. │ ├── __init__.py
26. │ └── features.py
27. ├── anomaly_detector.model
28. ├── test_anomaly_detector.py
29. └── train_anomaly_detector.py
30.
31. 3 directories, 24 files
anomal detector will tr to determine if an of the three examples is an
anomal compared to the set of forest images .
contains two functions responsile for loading our image dataset from disk and
calculating the color histogram features for each image .
We will operate our sstem in two stages — (1) training, and (2) testing.
,
First the train_anomaly_detector.py script calculates features and trains an
Isolation Forests machine learning model for anomal detection serializing the ,
result as anomaly_detector.model .
’
Then we ll develop test_anomaly_detector.py which accepts an example
image and determines if it is an anomal .
Our example image dataset
:
Figure 5 We will use a suset of the 8cenes dataset to detect anomalies among
- , , .
pictures of forests using scikit learn OpenCV and computer vision
Our example dataset for this tutorial includes 16 images of forests each of (
which is shown in Figure 5 aove ).
These example images are a suset of the 8 cenes Dataset from Oliva and
’ ,
Torrala s paper Modeling the shape of the scene a holistic representation of :
the spatial envelope .
’
We ll take this dataset and train an anomal detection algorithm on top of it .
,
When presented with a new input image our anomal detection algorithm will
return one of two values :
1 1 : “Yep, that’s a forest.”
2 1 : “No, doesn’t look like a forest. It must e an outlier.”
“
You can thus think of this model as a forest vs not forest detector ” “ ” .
This model was trained on forest images and now must decide if a new input
“ ”
image 몭ts inside the forest manifold or if is trul an anomal outlier / .
To evaluate our anomal detection algorithm we have 3 testing images :
: ’ +
Figure 6 Three testing images are included in toda s Pthon computer vision anomal
detection project.
, — the other two are
As ou can see onl one of these images is a forest
examples of highwas and each coasts, respectivel.
,
If our anomal detection pipeline is working properl our model should return
1 ( )
inlier for the forest image and 1 for the two non forest images- .
Implementing our feature extraction and dataset
loader helper functions
: .
Figure 7 Color histograms characterize the color distriution of an image Color will e the asis
, ,
of our anomal detection introduction using OpenCV computer vision and scikit learn - .
efore we can train a machine learning model to detect anomalies and outliers ,
we must 몭rst de몭ne a process to quantif and characterize the contents of our
input images .
, ’
To accomplish this task we ll e using color histograms .
Color histograms are simple et e몭ective methods to characterize the color
distriution of an image .
. -
ince our task here is to characterize forest vs non forest images we ma ,
assume that forest images will contain more shades of green versus their non -
forest counterparts .
’
Let s take a look at how we can implement color histogram extraction using
OpenCV .
following code :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. # import the necessary packages
2. from imutils import paths
3. import numpy as np
4. import cv2
5.
6. def quantify_image(image, bins=(4, 6, 3)):
7. # compute a 3D color histogram over the image and normalize it
8. hist = cv2.calcHist([image], [0, 1, 2], None, bins,
9. [0, 180, 0, 256, 0, 256])
10. hist = cv2.normalize(hist, hist).flatten()
11.
12. # return the histogram
13. return hist
-
Lines 2 4 import our packages We ll use . ’ paths from m imutils package to
.
list all images in an input director OpenCV will e used to calculate and
.
normalize histograms NumP is used for arra operations .
image : -
The OpenCV loaded image .
bins : , -
When plotting the histogram the x axis serves as our ins “ .” In this
case our default speci몭es 4 hue ins , 6 saturation ins and , 3 value
. ’
— if we use onl 2 (equall spaced) ins, then we
ins Here s a rief example
are counting the numer of times a pixel is in the range [0, 128] or [128, 255].
The numer of pixels inned to the x-axis value is then plotted on the -axis.
:
Note To learn more aout oth histograms and color spaces including HV ,
, * * , ,
RG and L a and Grascale e sure to refer to Practical Pthon and
OpenCV and PImageearch Gurus .
-
Lines 8 10 compute the color histogram and normalize it Normalization allows .
us to count percentage and not raw frequenc counts helping in the case that ,
some images are larger or smaller than others .
Line 13 returns the normalized histogram to the caller .
Our next function handles :
1 Accepting the path to a director containing our dataset of images .
2 Looping over the image paths while quantifing them using our
quantify_image method .
’
Let s take a look at this method now :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
15. def load_dataset(datasetPath, bins):
16. # grab the paths to all images in our dataset directory, then
17. # initialize our lists of images
18. imagePaths = list(paths.list_images(datasetPath))
19. data = []
20.
21. # loop over the image paths
22. for imagePath in imagePaths:
23. # load the image and convert it to the HSV color space
24. image = cv2.imread(imagePath)
25. image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
26.
27. # quantify the image and update the data list
28. features = quantify_image(image, bins)
29. data.append(features)
30.
31. # return our data list as a NumPy array
32. return np.array(data)
datasetPath :
The path to our dataset of images .
bins : .
Num of ins for the color histogram Refer to the explanation aove .
The ins are passed to the quantify_image function .
Line 18 gras all image paths in the datasetPath .
Line 19 initializes a list to hold our features data .
,
From there Line 22 egins a loop over the imagePaths .
Inside the loop we
28 and 29 ).
,
Finall Line 32 returns our data list as a NumP arra to the caller .
Implementing our anomal detection training script
with scikit learn -
With our helper functions implemented we can now move on to training an
anomal detection model .
’ ,
As mentioned earlier in this tutorial we ll e using an Isolation Forest to help
determine anomal/novelt data points.
Our implementation of Isolation Forests comes from the scikit learn lirar - .
Open up the train_anomaly_detector.py ’
몭le and let s get to work :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. # import the necessary packages
2. from pyimagesearch.features import load_dataset
3. from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
4. import argparse
5. import pickle
6.
7. # construct the argument parser and parse the arguments
8. ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
9. ap.add_argument("d", "dataset", required=True,
10. help="path to dataset of images")
11. ap.add_argument("m", "model", required=True,
12. help="path to output anomaly detection model")
13. args = vars(ap.parse_args())
- .
Lines 2 6 handle our imports This script uses our custom load_dataset
- ’
function and scikit learn s implementation of Isolation Forests We ll serialize . ’
our resulting model as a pickle 몭le .
-
Lines 8 13 parse our command line arguments including :
dataset :
The path to our dataset of images .
model :
The path to the output anomal detection model .
, ’
At this point we re read to load our dataset and train our Isolation Forest
model :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
15. # load and quantify our image dataset
16. print("[INFO] preparing dataset...")
17. data = load_dataset(args["dataset"], bins=(3, 3, 3))
18.
19. # train the anomaly detection model
20. print("[INFO] fitting anomaly detection model...")
21. model = IsolationForest(n_estimators=100, contamination=0.01,
22. random_state=42)
23. model.fit(data)
Line 17 loads and quanti몭es the image dataset .
parameters :
n_estimators : ( . ., )
The numer of ase estimators i e trees in the ensemle .
contamination :
The proportion of outliers in the dataset .
random_state :
The random numer generator seed value for
.
reproduciilit You can use an integer ; 42 is commonl used in the
,
machine learning world as it relates to a joke in the ook Hitchhiker s Guide ’
to the Galax .
e sure to refer to other optional parameters to the Isolation Forest in the scikit -
learn documentation .
Line 23 trains the anomal detector on top of the histogram data .
,
Now that our model is trained the remaining lines serialize the anomal detector
to a pickle 몭le on disk :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
25. # serialize the anomaly detection model to disk
26. f = open(args["model"], "wb")
27. f.write(pickle.dumps(model))
28. f.close()
Training our anomal detector
download the source code and example images .
,
From there open up a terminal and execute the following command :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. $ python train_anomaly_detector.py dataset forest model anomaly_detector.model
2. [INFO] preparing dataset...
3. [INFO] fitting anomaly detection model...
To verif that the anomal detector has een serialized to disk check the ,
contents of our working project director :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. $ ls *.model
2. anomaly_detector.model
Creating the anomal detector testing script
At this point we have trained our anomal detection model — ut how do we
use to actuall detect anomalies in new data points ?
,
To answer that question let s look at the ’ test_anomaly_detector.py script.
- ,
At a high level this script :
1 Loads the anomal detection model trained in the previous step .
2 , ,
Loads preprocesses and quanti몭es a quer image .
3 Makes a prediction with our anomal detector to determine if the quer
(. .
image is an inlier or an outlier i e anomal ).
4 Displas the result .
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. # import the necessary packages
2. from pyimagesearch.features import quantify_image
3. import argparse
4. import pickle
5. import cv2
6.
7. # construct the argument parser and parse the arguments
8. ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
9. ap.add_argument("m", "model", required=True,
10. help="path to trained anomaly detection model")
11. ap.add_argument("i", "image", required=True,
12. help="path to input image")
13. args = vars(ap.parse_args())
- .
Lines 2 5 handle our imports Notice that we import our custom
, ,
loading preprocessing and displaing images .
Our script requires two command line arguments :
model :
The serialized anomal detector residing on disk .
image : (. .
The path to the input image i e our quer ).
’
Let s load our anomal detector and quantif our input image :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
15. # load the anomaly detection model
16. print("[INFO] loading anomaly detection model...")
17. model = pickle.loads(open(args["model"], "rb").read())
18.
19. # load the input image, convert it to the HSV color space, and
20. # quantify the image in the *same manner* as we did during training
21. image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
22. hsv = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
23. features = quantify_image(hsv, bins=(3, 3, 3))
-
Line 17 loads our pre trained anomal detector .
- , ,
Lines 21 23 load preprocess and quantif our input image .
Our preprocessing
(. .
steps must e the same as in our training script i e converting from GR to HV
color space ).
, ’
At this point we re read to make an anomal prediction and displa results :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
25. # use the anomaly detector model and extracted features to determine
26. # if the example image is an anomaly or not
27. preds = model.predict([features])[0]
28. label = "anomaly" if preds == 1 else "normal"
29. color = (0, 0, 255) if preds == 1 else (0, 255, 0)
30.
31. # draw the predicted label text on the original image
32. cv2.putText(image, label, (10, 25), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
33. 0.7, color, 2)
34.
35. # display the image
36. cv2.imshow("Output", image)
37. cv2.waitKey(0)
Line 27 makes predictions on the input image features .
Our anomal
detection model will return 1 “ ”
for a normal data point and 1 “
for an outlier ”.
-
Lines 32 37 then annotate the label onto the quer image and displa it on
screen until an ke is pressed .
Detecting anomalies in image datasets using
computer vision and scikit learn -
To see our anomal detection model in action make sure ou have used the
“Downloads” section of this tutorial to download the source code, example
, -
image dataset and pre trained model .
,
From there ou can use the following command to test the anomal detector :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. $ python test_anomaly_detector.py model anomaly_detector.model \
2. image examples/forest_cdmc290.jpg
3. [INFO] loading anomaly detection model...
: .
Figure 8 This image is clearl not an anomal as it is a green forest Our intro to anomal
detection method with computer vision and Pthon has passed the 몭rst test .
Here ou can see that our anomal detector has correctl laeled the forest as
an inlier.
’
Let s now see how the model handles an image of a highwa which is certainl ,
not a forest :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. $ python test_anomaly_detector.py model anomaly_detector.model \
2. image examples/highway_a836030.jpg
3. [INFO] loading anomaly detection model...
:
Figure 9 A highwa is an anomal compared to our set of forest images and has een marked as
- .
such in the top left corner This tutorial presents an intro to anomal detection with OpenCV ,
, -
computer vision and scikit learn.
Our anomal detector correctl laels this image as an outlier anomal / .
, ’
As a 몭nal test let s suppl an image of a each coast to the anomal detector / :
→ Launch Jupter Noteook on Google Cola
Intro to anomaly detection with OpenCV, Computer Vision, and scikitlearn
1. $ python test_anomaly_detector.py model anomaly_detector.model \
2. image examples/coast_osun52.jpg
3. [INFO] loading anomaly detection model...
:
Figure 10 A coastal landscape is marked as an anomal against a set of forest images using
, , - ,
Pthon OpenCV scikit learn and computer vision anomal detection techniques .
,
Once again our anomal detector correctl identi몭es the image as an
/
outlier anomal .
'
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C L I C K H R TO J O I N P Y I M AG A R C H U N I V R I T Y
ummar
In this tutorial ou learned how to perform anomal and outlier detection in
-
image datasets using computer vision and the scikit learn machine learning
lirar .
To perform anomal detection we , :
1 Gathered an example image dataset of forest images .
2 Quanti몭ed the image dataset using color histograms and the OpenCV
lirar .
3 Trained an Isolation Forest on our quanti몭ed images .
4 Used the Isolation Forest to detect image outliers and anomalies .
-
Along with Isolation Forests ou should also investigate One class VMs lliptic ,
,
nvelopes and Local Outlier Factor algorithms as the can e used for
/
outlier anomal detection as well .
ut what aout deep learning ?
Can deep learning e used to perform anomal detection too ?
’
I ll answer that question in a future tutorial .
(
To download the source code to this post and e noti몭ed when future
tutorials are pulished here on PImageearch ), just enter our email address
in the form elow !
Download the ource Code and FR 17 page -
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nter our email address elow to get a zip of the code and a FR 17 page -
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Aout the Author
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Hi there I m Adrian Roserock PhD All too often I see developers students , ,
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and researchers wasting their time studing the wrong things and generall
struggling to get started with Computer Vision, Deep Learning, and OpenCV. I
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22 responses to Intro to anomal detection with
,
OpenCV Computer Vision and scikit learn , -
undaresh
,
Januar 20 2020 at 2 46 pm :
Hello Adrian ,
. ,
Thank ou for the article A technicalit ut nump is included as part of the
- .
scikit learn package I suggest our code could e changed to install just
scikit-learn instead of oth the packages. Not that it does an harm either
wa.
,
Regards
undaresh
Adrian Roserock
,
Januar 20 2020 at 4 36 pm :
, - -
You are correct NumP is a pre req of scikit learn opencv contri pthon, - - ,
.
and even imutils If ou installed an of those NumP would also e pulled
in.
Giovanni
,
Januar 23 2020 at 1 12 pm :
,
Awesome argument awesome explanation and awesome approach .
, ’ ;
ut i ll leave that there what aout Anomal Recognition from Video ource ?
’
I d like to implement mself an anomal recognition model which can detect
,
anomalies in various environment ased on a video source such as cit video
;
surveillance sstems or even factories video surveillance it must recognize
, ,
anomalies such as explosions strange walking pattern roer etc .
(
It could e done approaching the prolem using TV patio Temporal -
)
Volume framing the videos in images and using those to train the CNN model
(or even a RNN).
?
What would e our approach for such kind of prolem Would e nice to
have some opinions on the matters .
Cheers !
Adrian Roserock
,
Januar 30 2020 at 8 33 am :
ee m repl to William .
Willian
,
Januar 26 2020 at 8 40 am :
/
441 5000
!
Hi Adrian First thanks for the excellent tutorial .
,
Following the logic of this article would it e possile to create a sstem to
tale and if there are people in the room ?
Thanks !
Adrian Roserock
,
Januar 30 2020 at 8 32 am :
, ’ .
Yes it s asolutel possile asicall would create an autoencoder that
uses 2D convolution with LTM modules as well .
Carlos Jiménez
,
Januar 27 2020 at 9 39 am :
Hi ὤ i love our tutorial, thank ou.
’
I m new on this topic ut i have a question .
Can i do this with a rasperr zero ?
I did this question ecause i think ou were using a computer Mac ( ).
Have a nice da .
Adrian Roserock
,
Januar 30 2020 at 8 32 am :
’
You wouldn t perform feature extraction or model training on the RPi .
,
Instead ou would train the model on our laptop desktop and then /
deplo it to the RPi to make predictions .
This time of work몭ow is covered in Rasperr Pi for Computer Vision .
mohamed kedir noordeen
,
Januar 28 2020 at 3 23 am :
-
What aout using extracted features from a pre trained Imagenet model to
uild an isolation forest instead of using color histogram features It makes ?
our model more roust to the prolem .
Adrian Roserock
,
Januar 30 2020 at 8 31 am :
You can use whatever input features ou would like provided that are
.
relevant to the task I would suggest experimenting and giving it a tr .
Marc
,
Feruar 4 2020 at 7 07 am :
Hi Andrian ,
,
thanks for this ver nice tutorial I am a ig fan of our wesite !
,
For me the di몭cult in anomal detection is mainl to 몭nd the right features
. ,
that are relevant to identif anomalies Here ou use the histogram which is
.
ver straightforward in this prolem I would love to see more examples of
. . .
anomal detection Like e g identifing wear out for predictive maintenance
of machines .
Cheers
Adrian Roserock
,
Feruar 5 2020 at 1 42 pm :
,
Rest assured Marc there are more anomal detection tutorials coming
soon ὤ
Alejandro ilvestri
,
Feruar 6 2020 at 10 25 am :
Hi Adrian ,
! ’ . !
This log is great I m alwas 몭nding new stu몭 here It never runs out
’ ,
I m asking for a ver speci몭c suject ma e ou can give me directions .
I’m looking for a wa to recognize ant paths in the 몭eld.
,
Do ou happen to know aout some alread availale model or a wa to
start working on it ?
Thank ou !
Adrian Roserock
,
Feruar 13 2020 at 10 50 am :
’ ’ - .
I don t think there s a pre trained ant detector You would likel have to
.
train our own I would suggest ou read Deep Learning for Computer
Vision with Pthon if ou want to learn how to train our own custom
oject detectors .
Ahijith
,
Feruar 22 2020 at 2 31 pm :
, .
Hello Adrian Nice tutorial I wanted to know if it is possile to train on
di몭erent ojects like dogs, cats, cars etc and detect anomal images which
do not elong to trained ojects.
Adrian Roserock
,
Feruar 27 2020 at 8 59 am :
, . ’
Yes ou can certainl do that Refer to next week s post on anomal
detection with deep learning.
Jed Masterson
,
March 2 2020 at 2 43 am :
. ’
Thanks for thus guide I m still new at this and can get so man thing wrong .
:
And here i have a question can we implement isolating trees to line ased
? , .
detection For example i have anomal detection on vehicles ottom task Is
? ,
it possile to distinguish needed features In advance thanks for repl
Patrick
,
March 2 2020 at 10 03 pm :
Hi Adrian
As alwas – thank ou for such great posts.
‘ ’ .
I was wondering wh the contamination value was set to 0 01 when the
training data set onl had Forest pictures .
Thank ou again
Patrick
,
March 2 2020 at 10 51 pm :
Hi Adrian
,
Not so much a question ut an oservation on the performance of this model
and approach .
I was curious aout the accurac of the IsolationForest model and the
. ,
approach in the post o I trained the model just as in this log post ut I
scored the performance against the 3scenes dataset ou descried in this
:[
post https ://www.pimagesearch.com/2019/01/14/machine-learning-in-
pthon /].
Running against the 3scenes dataset with a total of 939 images the model
was 63 5 . % accurate.
,
Which seems prett good to me given that we are onl looking at the color
distriution throughout the image .
I am now o몭 to read the latest post on using TensorFlow and Keras
[https://www.pimagesearch.com/2020/03/02/anomal-detection-with-keras-
tensor몭ow-and-deep-learning/]
Thanks again for all of the great content .
Pat
Adrian Roserock
, :
March 4 2020 at 1 20 pm
!
Thanks Pat And nice jo extending the tutorial to work with our own
dataset ὤ
Jaco Okomo
,
March 6 2020 at 2 35 pm :
.
This man Dr Adrian is here doing awesome sta몭s ma Go less our ,
hands …
’ .
You ll one da hit 1 5 Million suscriers i pra …
Hope that google support ou
Adrian Roserock
,
March 11 2020 at 4 33 pm :
Thank ou for the kind words Jaco , !
Comment section
, ,
He Adrian Roserock here author and creator of PImageearch While I .
,
love hearing from readers a couple ears ago I made the tough decision to
:
no longer o몭er 1 1 help over log post comments .
+
At the time I was receiving 200 emails per da and another 100 log +
.
post comments I simpl did not have the time to moderate and respond to
,
them all and the shear volume of requests was taking a toll on me .
,
Instead m goal is to do the most good for the computer vision deep ,
,
learning and OpenCV communit at large focusing m time on
-
authoring high qualit log posts tutorials and ooks courses , , / .
If ou need help learning computer vision and deep learning I suggest ,
ou refer to m full catalog of ooks and courses — the have helped
tens of thousands of developers students and researchers just like , ,
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