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Mathematics in The Modern World: Imelda B. Antonio Mary Hope H. Gravoso

The document discusses various statistical tools used to process and manage numerical data, including measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), measures of dispersion (range, standard deviation, variance), percentiles, quartiles, and box-and-whisker plots. It provides the formulas to calculate the mean, weighted mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance, percentiles and quartiles. These statistical concepts and tools are important for data management and making important decisions using data.

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403 views

Mathematics in The Modern World: Imelda B. Antonio Mary Hope H. Gravoso

The document discusses various statistical tools used to process and manage numerical data, including measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), measures of dispersion (range, standard deviation, variance), percentiles, quartiles, and box-and-whisker plots. It provides the formulas to calculate the mean, weighted mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance, percentiles and quartiles. These statistical concepts and tools are important for data management and making important decisions using data.

Uploaded by

dave lucas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Imelda B. Antonio
Mary Hope H. Gravoso
DATA MANAGEMENT
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Uses a variety of statistical tools to process and manage numerical data.


2. Apply the measures of central tendency, dispersion, and relative position in
given certain conditions.
3. Advocate the use of statistical data in making important decisions.
Measures of Central Tendency

• A data set refers to a collection of numbers or values that relate to a particular


subject.

• Data Management refers to an administrative process by which the required


data is acquired, validated, stored, protected, and processed, and by which its
accessibility, reliability, and timeliness is ensured to satisfy the needs of the data
users. In this module, data sets and how to use the operations of mean, median,
and mode to manipulate the data is the one to be discussed.
• Mean, It refers to the sum of the numbers divided by n.

• Median.It refers to the middle number if n is odd for a ranked order list of
numbers or the mean of the two middle numbers, if n is even

• Mode. It refers to the number that occurs most frequently in a list of numbers.
Weighted Mean

• The formula for the weighted mean of the n numbers x1,x2,x3,…, xn is

Where ∑ (x ∙w) is the sum of the products formed by


multiplying each number by its assigned weight, and ∑w is the
sum of all the weights.
Measures of Dispersion

• Range. It refers to the difference between the greatest data value and the least
data value in a given set of data values.
Standard Deviation and Variance

If x1,x2,x3,…, xn is a population of n numbers with mean μ, then the standard


deviation of the population is and the variance is
Standard Deviation and Variance

If x1,x2,x3,…, xn is a sample of n numbers with mean x̅, then the standard


deviation of the population is and the variance is
Percentiles
Percentiles. A value called x called the pth percentile of a data set provided p% of
the data values are less than x. Given a set of data and a data value x,
Quartiles and Box-and-Whisker Plots.
• The quartiles of a data set are the three numbers Q1 ,Q2 and Q3 that partition the ranked
data into four (approximately) equal groups. Q2 is the median of the data, Q1 is the median
of the data values less than Q2 and Q3 is the median of the data values greater than Q2. A
box-and-whisker plot is a display used to show the quartiles and the maximum and minimum
values of a data set.
References and Supplementary Materials
1. Richard Aufmann ,Joanne Lockwood ,Richard Nation ,Daniel Clegg ,Susanna S.
Epp;2018;Mathematics in the Modern World;Manila ,Philippines;Rex
Bookstore,Inc
2. Susana S. Epp;2011;Discrete Mathematics:An Introduction to Mathematical
Reasoning;Brooks/Cole ;Cengage Learning

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