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Instruction: Please Answer and Submit The Answer Script Before 3 .00 PM, 29 May, 2014 Q1

1) This document provides an answer scheme for a test on environmental engineering. It includes questions on water treatment processes, wastewater treatment, and the design of specific treatment units. 2) For a clarifier design problem, it calculates the diameter as 15.3 m, depth as 2.59 m, and weir loading rate as 190 m3/day/m based on a given flow rate and overflow rate. 3) For an activated sludge system, it determines the hydraulic retention time as 6.25 hours, F/M ratio as 0.125 mg/mg/day, and mean cell residence time as 9.1 days based on system parameters and mass balances.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
90 views7 pages

Instruction: Please Answer and Submit The Answer Script Before 3 .00 PM, 29 May, 2014 Q1

1) This document provides an answer scheme for a test on environmental engineering. It includes questions on water treatment processes, wastewater treatment, and the design of specific treatment units. 2) For a clarifier design problem, it calculates the diameter as 15.3 m, depth as 2.59 m, and weir loading rate as 190 m3/day/m based on a given flow rate and overflow rate. 3) For an activated sludge system, it determines the hydraulic retention time as 6.25 hours, F/M ratio as 0.125 mg/mg/day, and mean cell residence time as 9.1 days based on system parameters and mass balances.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ( BFC 3103/BFC32403)


SEM 2 2013/2014
_____________________________________________________________________
CQI- TEST 2 (ANSWER SCHEME)
Instruction:
Please answer and submit the answer script before 3 .00 pm, 29 May, 2014

Q1 (a) Briefly explain how to remove colloids in water treatment process.

(3 marks)
By coagulation and flocculation.
Particle such as clay, and colloids remain in suspension without aggregating for
long periods of time. Consequently the particle cannot be removed by
sedimentation in a reasonable amount of time.

Majority of ions in surface water consist of negatively charged particle/colloids


which are stable in nature( stable = existing in ionized form).

(b) Calculate the diameter and depth of a circular clarifier for a design flow of 3800
m3/d and an overflow rate of 0.00024 m/s and a detention time of 3 h. Calculate
the weir loading rate by assuming the total effluent weir is 20 m.
(5 marks)

Solution
• Volume , V = Qt
= (3800 m3/d) ( 3/24)
= 475 m3 (1 m)

Q = 3800 m3/d = 0.044 m3/s (1 m)

Surface overflow rate = Q/A


0.00024 m/s = 0.044 m3/s
A m2
Area, A = 183.3 m2 (1 m)

Volume, V = AD
D =V/A
= 475 m3/183.3 m2
= 2.59 m (1 m)
• Diameter = 15.3 m
• Weir loading rate = Q/ Lw
= 3800 m3/d
20 m
= 190 m3/day.m ( OK!) (1 m)

Q (a What are the sources of municipal wastewater.


2 )
(2 marks)
• It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial
properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of
potential contaminants and concentrations.
• The wastewater flow component may also include the infiltration and
storm water.

(b Give objectives of the three processes in pre-treatment of wastewater treatment


) below:
i) Screening (bar rack)
ii) Grit channel
iii) Equalization
(6 marks)
Screening- The objective of screens is to remove large floating material and so
protect downstream mechanical equipment (pumps).

Grit channel - Grit is inorganic sand or gravel particles of size about 1 mm which
are washed into sewer collection systems from roads and pavements. Grit should
be removed because its inclusion within the system can abrade mechanical
equipment and also because it can settle out in the biological treatment plant,
reducing its space efficiency.

The objective of equalization are:

• To equalize the flows to minimize flow surge


• To equalize the organic loads to dampen fluctuations
• To neutralize the pH variations to bring it to the range 6.5-8.5
• To provide a continuous influent to the plant
• To control of high toxicity loads.

(c Below are the primary design tank:


)
Flow = 0.150 m3/s
Influent SS = 280 mg/L
Sludge concentration = 6.0 %
Efficiency = 60 %
Length = 40.0 m (effective)
Width = 10.0 m
Liquid depth = 2.0 m
Weir length = 75.0 m

Calculate the detention time, overflow rate and weir loading.


(6 marks)

i) The detention time,

ii) The overflow rate is the flow divided by the surface area:

iii) The weir loading:

(d Why the tertiary treatment is is needed? Give ONE (1) example of tertiary
) treatment.
(4 marks)
● Secondary treatment process coupled with disinfection may remove over
85% of the BOD and SS and nearly all pathogens.

• Only minor removal of some pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus,


soluble COD and heavy metals is achieved.
• Processes capable of removing pollutant which is not adequately removed
by secondary treatment is called tertiary treatment (advanced treatment).

• It may improve the effluent quality to the point that is adequate for many
reuse purposes.

Example of tertiary treatment:


Filtration, carbon adsorption, Phosphorus and Nitrogen removal.
● Secondary treatment process coupled with disinfection may remove over
85% of the BOD and SS and nearly all pathogens.

• Only minor removal of some pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus,


soluble COD and heavy metals is achieved.

• Processes capable of removing pollutant which is not adequately removed


by secondary treatment is called tertiary treatment (advanced treatment).

• It may improve the effluent quality to the point that is adequate for many
reuse purposes.

Example of tertiary treatment:


Filtration, carbon adsorption, Phosphorus and Nitrogen removal.

(e Briefly explain how to treat the sludge.


)
(2 marks)

(f) The following data were reported on the operation of primary sedimentation tank and
activated sludge system in treating a wastewater

Primary Sedimentation Tank


Influent Removal Efficiency
BOD 150mg/L 35%
Suspended Solid 275 mg/L 60%

Activated Sludge System


with 90% removal efficiency for BOD and Suspended Solid operates under the following
conditions:

Flow : 0.08m3/s
Aeration Tank Dimension : 7.5 wide, 30m long, 4m deep
(2 tanks are operated in series)
Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid: 3000 mg/L
Return Flow : 0.03m3/s
Waste Sludge Concentration : 6000 mg/L
Waste Sludge Flow : 0.001m3/s

Calculate:
(i) Hydraulic Retention Time
(ii) F/M ratio
(iii) Mean cell residence time
(11 marks)

Answer
i. Hydraulic Retention Time

(0.5M)
= 2 x 7.5m x 30m x 4m
(0.08m3/s) x (3600s/1hr) (1M)
= 6.25 hrs (1M)
ii. F/M ratio

(Given)

So = 0.65 x 150
= 97.5 mg/L (0.5M)

F = (0.08m3/s x 86400s/d) x (97.5mg/L


M (1800m3) (3000mg/L) (1M)
= 0.125 mg/mg.d (1M)
iii. Mean cell residence time

(Given)

SS in the effluent = Qeffluent x Concentration SS

Qeffluent = Q-Qw
= 0.08 m3/s – 0.001 m3/s
= 0.079 m3/s (0.5M)
Xe = (0.4) (0.1) (275 mg/L)
= 11 mg/L (0.5M)

SS in the effluent = (0.079 m3/s) (86400s/d) (11mg/L) (103L/m3) (1kg/106mg) (1M)


= 75.08 kg/d (0.5M)

SS in waste = Qsludge x Concentration SS Sludge


= (0.001 m3/s) (86400s/d) (6000mg/L) (103L/m3) (1kg/106mg) (1M)
= 518.4 kg/d (0.5M)

= (1800 m3) (3000 mg/L) (103L/m3) (1kg/106mg)


75.08 kg/d + 518.4 kg/d (1M)
= 9.098 days
= 9.1 days (1M)

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