Instruction: Please Answer and Submit The Answer Script Before 3 .00 PM, 29 May, 2014 Q1
Instruction: Please Answer and Submit The Answer Script Before 3 .00 PM, 29 May, 2014 Q1
(3 marks)
By coagulation and flocculation.
Particle such as clay, and colloids remain in suspension without aggregating for
long periods of time. Consequently the particle cannot be removed by
sedimentation in a reasonable amount of time.
(b) Calculate the diameter and depth of a circular clarifier for a design flow of 3800
m3/d and an overflow rate of 0.00024 m/s and a detention time of 3 h. Calculate
the weir loading rate by assuming the total effluent weir is 20 m.
(5 marks)
Solution
• Volume , V = Qt
= (3800 m3/d) ( 3/24)
= 475 m3 (1 m)
Volume, V = AD
D =V/A
= 475 m3/183.3 m2
= 2.59 m (1 m)
• Diameter = 15.3 m
• Weir loading rate = Q/ Lw
= 3800 m3/d
20 m
= 190 m3/day.m ( OK!) (1 m)
Grit channel - Grit is inorganic sand or gravel particles of size about 1 mm which
are washed into sewer collection systems from roads and pavements. Grit should
be removed because its inclusion within the system can abrade mechanical
equipment and also because it can settle out in the biological treatment plant,
reducing its space efficiency.
ii) The overflow rate is the flow divided by the surface area:
(d Why the tertiary treatment is is needed? Give ONE (1) example of tertiary
) treatment.
(4 marks)
● Secondary treatment process coupled with disinfection may remove over
85% of the BOD and SS and nearly all pathogens.
• It may improve the effluent quality to the point that is adequate for many
reuse purposes.
• It may improve the effluent quality to the point that is adequate for many
reuse purposes.
(f) The following data were reported on the operation of primary sedimentation tank and
activated sludge system in treating a wastewater
Flow : 0.08m3/s
Aeration Tank Dimension : 7.5 wide, 30m long, 4m deep
(2 tanks are operated in series)
Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid: 3000 mg/L
Return Flow : 0.03m3/s
Waste Sludge Concentration : 6000 mg/L
Waste Sludge Flow : 0.001m3/s
Calculate:
(i) Hydraulic Retention Time
(ii) F/M ratio
(iii) Mean cell residence time
(11 marks)
Answer
i. Hydraulic Retention Time
(0.5M)
= 2 x 7.5m x 30m x 4m
(0.08m3/s) x (3600s/1hr) (1M)
= 6.25 hrs (1M)
ii. F/M ratio
(Given)
So = 0.65 x 150
= 97.5 mg/L (0.5M)
(Given)
Qeffluent = Q-Qw
= 0.08 m3/s – 0.001 m3/s
= 0.079 m3/s (0.5M)
Xe = (0.4) (0.1) (275 mg/L)
= 11 mg/L (0.5M)