Lesson Measures of Central Tendency

3 and Position (Ungrouped Data)

Objectives:
In this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Illustrate a normal random variable and its characteristics.
2. Identify the Properties of a Normal Distribution
3. Construct a normal curve.
4. Solve for the areas of a normal curve.
5. Finding probability of a Normal Distributions.
6. Finding Values of a Normal Distributions.

What is It
.

Basic Concept
• Normal Distribution or Gaussian Distribution is a continuous probability
distribution that describes data that clusters around a mean.
• The graph of the associated probability density function is bell-shaped, with a
peak at the mean, and is known as the Gaussian function or bell curve.
• Normal curve was developed mathematically in 1733 by Abraham de Moivre
(1667-1754) as an approximation to the binomial distribution
• Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) used the normal curve to analyze
astronomical data in 1809. the normal curve is often called the Gaussian
Distribution.

Data can be "distributed" (spread out) in different ways.

But there are many cases where the data tends to be around a central value with no bias left or
right, and it gets close to a "Normal Distribution"

Many things closely follow a Normal Distribution:

• heights of people
• size of things produced by machines
• errors in measurements
• blood pressure
• marks on a test

Properties of a Normal Distribution

1. The mean, median, and mode are equal and are located at the center of the
distribution.
2. The normal curve is bell-shaped and symmetric about the mean (the shape are
same on both sides).
3. The Normal Distribution is Unimodal.
4. The Normal Distribution is Continuous.
5. The total area under the curve is equal to one or 100%.
6. The normal curve approaches or asymptotic, but never touches the x-axis as it
extends farther and farther away from the mean.
7. The area under the part of a normal curve that lies within 1 σ of the mean 68%;
within 2σ, about 95%; and within 3 σ, about 99.7%.

Normal Distributions Curve

 Example 1.

1. Which curve has the greater mean?

2. Which curve has the greater standard deviation?

Solution:
- The line of symmetry of curve A occurs at x = 5. The line of symmetry of curve B
occurs at x = 9. Curve B has the greater mean.
- Curve B is more spread out than curve A, so curve B has the greater standard
deviation.

Example 2.

Finding the Area under the Normal Curve: Find the P( X < x1 )

Example 3.

Finding the Area under the Normal Curve: Find the Find the P( X > x2 )

Solution:
x1

x1 0 x2
 Example 4.

Finding the Area under the Normal Curve: Find the P(x 1 < X <0)

Solution:

‫ݔ‬ଵ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬ଶ

Example 5.

Finding the Area under the Normal Curve: Find the P(x 1 < X < x 2)

Solution:

‫ݔ‬ଵ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬ଶ

Example 6.

Finding the Area under the Normal Curve: Find the P ( X < x 1 ) andP ( X > x 2 )

Solution:

‫ݔ‬ଵ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬ଶ
 Example 6.

Finding the Area under the Normal Curve: Determine the area under the
standard normal distribution curve between x = 100 and 125

Solution:
Guidelines for finding Areas under the Standard Normal Curve

Example 6.

Example 7.
Example 8.

Example 9.

Find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = 2.33.
 Example 10.

Find the area under the standard normal curve between z = 1.98 and z
= 1.07.

SUMMARIZATION
 Answer and solve the following.
Write your solution in the box provided.

1. Determine the area under the standard normal distribution curve between z =
0.75 and z = 1.85

2. Determine the area under the standard normal distribution curve between z =
-0.75 and z = -1.85

3. Find the area under the standard normal distribution curve to the left z = 1.15
4. Find the area under the standard normal distribution curve to the right z =
-1.15

5. Find the area under the standard normal distribution curve between z = -1.25
and z = 2.35
 TRANSFORMING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION TO A STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION

Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities

Normal Distribution can be converted into a standard normal

distribution by obtaining the z value. A z - value is the signed distance between a
selected value, designated x, and the mean, μ, divided by the standard deviation. It is
also called as z scores, the z statistics, the standard normal deviates, or standard
normal values. In terms of formula:

Value−Mean x−μ
z= = .
Standard deviation σ

Where: z = z value
x = the value of any particular observation or measurement
μ = the mean of the distribution
σ = the standard deviation of the distribution

Finding area given the mean, standard deviation and z-score

Example 1.
The average PAG-IBIG salary loan for RFS Pharmacy Inc. employees is
P23,000. If the debt is normally distributed with a standard deviation 0f
P2,500, find the probability that the employee owes less than P18,500.
Solution:

Step 1. draw a bell curve and plot the

given.

18,500 23,000
 Example 2.
A radar unit is used to measure speeds of cars on a motorway. The
speeds are normally distributed with a mean of 90 km/hr. and a
standard deviation of 10 km/hr. What is the probability that a car picked
at random is travelling at more than 100 km/hr?

Solution:
Step 1. draw a bell curve and plot the
given.

90 km/hr. 100 km/hr.

Example 3.
The average of bank managers is 40 years. Assume the variable is
normally distributed. If the standard deviation is 5 years, find the
probability that the age of a randomly selected bank manager will be in
the range between 35 and 46 years old.

Solution: Step 1. Draw a normal curve Step 2. Find the z-value of 35

that represent the problem & 46

Step 4. Perform necessary

x 1−μ 35−40 operation and interpret.
Z1 = = =−1
σ 5 ¿ 0.3413+0.3849=0.7262
x 2−μ 46−40 Therefore, the probability
ZStep
2 =3. Find the
=appropriate=1.2 of randomly selected
35 40 46
σ 5 manager in the age range
area. bet. 35 and 46 is 0.7262

Z val 1=0.3413

Z val 2=0.3849
Finding x- score given the mean, standard deviation and z-values

Example 1.
To qualify for a Master’s degree program in business administration at
San Sebastian college, candidates must score in the top 20 percent on a
mental ability test. The test has a mean of 180 and standard deviation of
25. Find the lowest possible score to qualify. Assume the test scores are
normally distributed.

Solution:
Step 1. Draw a normal curve Step 2. State the given and derive the formula.
that represent the problem Given:
Z val=20 % ≈ 0.52
μ=180
σ =25
x=?
Derivation
x−μ
180 x σ (Z= )σ
σ
Step 3. Solve and Interpret

x=( 0.52 ) ( 25 ) +180=193

Therefore, the lowest possible score to qualify in
the top 20% percent is 193 points

Answer and solve the following.

Write your solution in the box provided.

1. Emotional quotient score on the latest version of Sirug EQ test are transformed
so as to follow a Normal Distribution with the mean of 110 and standard
deviation of 15. Find the 96th percentile of the distribution of emotional
quotient.
 2. The students of a large university in Luzon were studied regarding their hours
of sleep at night. The hours of sleep can be modeled as a normal distribution
with mean of 6.8 hours and standard deviation of 1.5 hours. Find the 85 th
percentile of the distribution for hours of sleep.

Finding mean and standard deviation given x-score and z-values

Example 1.
Given a Normal Distribution with 80% of the values above 160 and 90%
of the values above 140 what are the mean and standard deviation?

Solution:
Step 1. Draw a normal curve
that represent the problem

160
μ 140
μ
Step 2. State the given and derive the formula. Step 3. Solve and Interpret
Given:
Z val 1=80 %=80 %−50 %=30 % ≈ 0.0.84 μ1=( 0.84 ) (σ )+160
Z val 2=90 %=90 %−50 %=40 % ≈ 1.28 μ1=( 1 . 28 ) (σ )+1 4 0
x 1=160 Since we need to find the mean of this problem will just simply
equate the equations to each other;
x 2=140 ( 1.28 ) ( σ )− ( 0.84 ) ( σ )=140−160
Derivation
x−μ 0.44 σ −20
σ (Z= )σ = =−45.454545
σ 0.44 0.44
μ1=( 0.84 ) ( 45.45 ) +160=198.18
μ2=( 1 . 28 )( 45.45 ) +1 4 0=198.18
 What I Have Learned

CONCLUSION

 The standard normal distribution, also called the z-distribution, is a special

normal distribution where the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.
 Any normal distribution can be standardized by converting its values into z-
scores. Z-scores tell you how many standard deviations from the mean each
value lies.
 What I Can Do

NAME: _______________________________ DATE ___________________ SCORE: _____/50

SECTION: ___________________________ TEACHER: __________________________________

WORKSHEET 3: Normal Distribution

Test A: Find the area under the standard normal distribution curve. (3 points
each)

1. Between 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.51 3. Between 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = −2.03

2. To the right of 𝑧 = 1.37 4. To the left of 𝑧 = 2.05

Test B. Find the probabilities for each, using the standard normal distribution. (3
points each)

1. 𝑃 (0 < 𝑧 < 2.64) 3. 𝑃(𝑧 > 0.52)

2. 𝑃(𝑧 > −2.14) 4. 𝑃(−2.73 < 𝑧 < −0.73)

Test C: Solve the following: Graph and write all the necessary solution, then, box
your final answer. (5 points each)

1. The daily income of bank auditors in SSS Commercial Bank is normally

distributed with a mean of 675 pesos and a standard deviation of 45 pesos.
What is the z value for the income x of a bank auditor who earns 700 pesos
daily? For an auditor who earns 450 pesos daily?

2. The length of time needed to service a motorcycle at ETS Service Station is

normally distributed with mean 6.8 minutes and standard deviation of 1.2
minutes. What is the probability that a randomly selected motorcycle will
require more than 7.2 minutes of service under 5.6 minutes of service?

3. The average price of a new two-story townhouse is 1,600,000 pesos, find the
maximum and minimum prices of the townhouse that a contractor will build to
include the middle 70% of the market. Assume that the standard deviation of
prices is 300,000 pesos and the variable is normally distributed.

4. Consider that in a population of Filipino adults ages 18 to 65, Body Mass Index
(BMI) is normally distributed with a mean of 28 and a standard deviation of 6.
(a) What is the BMI mark of the bottom 20% of the distribution for this
population? (b) What BMI marks the bottom 10% of the distribution for this
population?
 5. The heights of 1,000 college students are normally distributed about a mean
value of 170 centimeters. The standard deviation is 7.2 centimeters. Find how
many students are smaller than 158 centimeters.

An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why

the things he predicted yesterday didn’t happen.
- Earl Wilson