Lab No: 02: Objective

Lab No: 02
Two and Four Stroke Diesel and Petrol engine .
Objective
To Learn Mechanism of working of two & four stroke engine .And also
familiar with diesel & petrol engine and their thermodynamic cycle as well
Theory
Four Stroke Engine .
A four-stroke cycle engine is an internal combustion engine that utilizes four

distinct piston strokes (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) to
complete one operating cycle. The piston make two complete passes in the
cylinder to complete one operating cycle. An operating cycle requires two
revolutions (720°) of the crankshaft. The four-stroke cycle engine is the most
common type of small engine. A four-stroke cycle engine completes four
Strokes in one operating cycle, including intake, compression, power, and
exhaust Strokes
Intake Stroke
A four-stroke cycle engine completes five Strokes in one operating cycle,
including intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust Strokes. Intake
Stroke .The intake event is when the air-fuel mixture is introduced to fill the
combustion chamber.
Compression Stroke
The compression stroke is the stroke in an engine in which the air or air/fuel
mixture is compressed before ignition. The intake valve closes and the piston
starts up on the compression stroke. During the compression stroke, the
piston moves up the cylinder, squeezing the fuel-air mix.
Power Stroke
The power stroke is an engine operation Stroke in which hot expanding gases
force the piston head away from the cylinder head.
Piston force and subsequent motion are transferred through the connecting
rod to apply torque to the crankshaft. The torque applied initiates crankshaft
rotation.
Exhaust stroke
The exhaust stroke occurs when spent gases are expelled from the
combustion chamber and released to the atmosphere. The exhaust stroke is
the final stroke and occurs when the exhaust valve is open and the intake
valve is closed. Piston movement evacuates exhaust gases to the
atmosphere.
Two Stroke Engine
Two Stroke engine is first described by Du gal Clerk in 1878. In Two Stroke
Engine one Cycle is completed in Every Revolution of Crankshaft.
A two-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes
a power cycle with two strokes of the piston during only one crankshaft
revolution. This is in contrast to a "four-stroke engine", which requires four
strokes of the piston to complete a power cycle during two crankshaft
revolutions.
Diesel and Petrol Engine
The classification of petrol and diesel engine is done on the basis of the
respective fuel used by these engines.
The engine which uses petrol is called petrol engine while that uses diesel is
called diesel engine
The petrol engine works on Otto cycle whereas diesel engine works on diesel
cycle.
In petrol engine the air and petrol are mixed in carburetor and it enters into
the cylinder.
In diesel engine the fuel is first fed into the cylinder by a fuel injector and
then gets mixed with air inside the cylinder.
In petrol engine first the compression of air and petrol is done and then it is
ignited by an electric spark. In diesel engine only the charge of air is
compressed and ignition is done by the heat of compressed air.
The compression ratio in petrol engine is low as compared with the diesel
engine.
The power developed in petrol engine is low due to lower compression ratio.
In diesel engine the power developed is more due to higher compression
ratio.
Otto cycle:
The Otto cycle was given by Dr. Nikolaus August Otto.
It is a gas power cycle that is used in spark ignition engine (i.e. petrol engine)
for its working.
The entire modern petrol engine works on Otto cycle.
It consist of four processes, Two isentropic (reversible adiabatic) processes

and two isochoric (constant volume) processes.
The four processes of this cycle is as follows
Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) Compression

Constant pressure heat addition
Isentropic Expansion
Constant volume heat rejection.
Diesel cycle:
Diesel cycle was invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1893.

Diesel is used as fuel in this cycle as it can be compressed at higher
compression ratio.
It is also known as constant pressure cycle because heat is added in it at
constant pressure.
It has high thermal efficiency and compression ratio as compared with Otto
cycle.
The ideal Diesel cycle consist of 4 process, two isentropic processes, one
constant pressure and one constant volume process.
The 4 process are as follows
Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) Compression

Constant pressure heat addition
Isentropic Expansion
Constant volume heat rejection.

Lab No: 02: Objective

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Lab No: 02

Two and Four Stroke Diesel and Petrol engine .

Four Stroke Engine .

A four-stroke cycle engine is an internal combustion engine that utilizes four

Two Stroke Engine

The Otto cycle was given by Dr. Nikolaus August Otto.

The entire modern petrol engine works on Otto cycle.

It consist of four processes, Two isentropic (reversible adiabatic) processes

The four processes of this cycle is as follows

Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) Compression

Diesel cycle was invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1893.

Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) Compression

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