Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*9003309678*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2016

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
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DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
IB15 03_0620_42/7RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
2
1 (a) The table below gives information about particles.
Complete the table. The first line has been done for you.
number of number of electronic charge on

particle
protons electrons configuration particle
A 12 10 2,8 2+
B 18 2,8,8 1–
C 18 2,8,8 0
D 8 10
[4]
(b) Gallium is a Group III element.
Define the term element.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The following are gallium atoms.
69 71
31
Ga 31 Ga
Complete the following table.
number of number of number of

atom
protons neutrons electrons
69
31
Ga
71
31 Ga
[3]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

3
2 Rubidium, Rb, is a Group I element. It has similar physical and chemical properties to the other
elements in Group I.
(a) Predict how many electrons there are in the outer shell of a rubidium atom.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Predict one physical property of rubidium which is the same as that of a transition element
such as iron.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Predict two physical properties of rubidium which are different to those of a transition element
such as iron.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) When rubidium is added to cold water a reaction occurs.
(i) Suggest two observations that would be made when rubidium is added to cold water.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What would be the colour of the solution if methyl orange was added to it after the reaction?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between rubidium and water.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) Put the Group I elements, caesium, lithium, potassium, rubidium and sodium in their order
of reactivity with water. Put the most reactive element first.
most reactive least reactive
[1]
(v) Suggest one safety measure that should be used when rubidium is added to cold water.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) The phosphate ion has the formula PO43–.
Deduce the formula of rubidium phosphate.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

4
3 Carbon dioxide and silicon(IV) oxide are oxides of Group IV elements.
(a) Complete the following table.
carbon dioxide silicon(IV) oxide
formula SiO2
melting point / °C –56 1610
physical state at 25 °C gas
conduction of electricity non-conductor
structure macromolecular
[4]
(b) (i) Name the type of bonds that exist between the atoms in silicon(IV) oxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why silicon(IV) oxide has a very high melting point.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why carbon dioxide has a very low
melting point.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why carbon dioxide is a non-conductor of electricity.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Suggest a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and
carbon dioxide.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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5
(d) (i) Name the type of chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide is produced from fossil fuels.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the chemical process in which green plants convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Name the chemical process in which living things produce carbon dioxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 13]

6
4 Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes into water and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst,
manganese(IV) oxide.
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
(a) What is meant by the term catalyst?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A student studies the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using the apparatus shown.
The student uses 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide and 1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide.
The student measures the volume of oxygen given off at regular time intervals until the reaction
stops. A graph of the results is shown.
gas syringe
hydrogen peroxide
catalyst
volume
of oxygen
produced / cm3
0
0 time / s
(i) When is the rate of reaction highest?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest one method of increasing the rate of reaction using the same amounts of hydrogen
peroxide and manganese(IV) oxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

7
(c) (i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide used in this experiment.
................. mol [1]
(ii) Use your answer to (c)(i) and the equation to calculate the number of moles of oxygen
produced in the reaction.
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
................. mol [1]
(iii) Calculate the volume (at r.t.p.) of oxygen produced.
................. dm3 [1]
(iv) What would be the effect on the volume of oxygen produced if the mass of catalyst was
increased?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) Deduce the volume of oxygen that would be produced if 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol / dm3 hydrogen
peroxide was used instead of 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide.
................. dm3 [1]

8
(d) The student carries out a second experiment to investigate whether another substance,
copper(II) oxide, is a better catalyst than manganese(IV) oxide.
Describe how the second experiment is carried out. You should state clearly how you would
make sure that the catalyst is the only variable.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 12]
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9
5 This question is about compounds of nitrogen.
(a) (i) Describe the Haber Process giving reaction conditions and a chemical equation.
Reference to rate and yield is not required.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [5]
(ii) Give one use of ammonia.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The diagram shows the structure of a hydrazine molecule.
H H
N N
H H
Draw the electron arrangement of a hydrazine molecule. Show the outer shell electrons only.
[2]
(c) Hydrazine is a base.
(i) Define the term base.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation to show that hydrazine acts as a base when added to
water.
N2H4 + H2O → .............. + .............. [1]

10
(d) Nitrogen dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant.
(i) State one environmental problem caused by nitrogen dioxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain how oxides of nitrogen, such as nitrogen dioxide, are formed in car engines.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

11
6 Iron pyrite, FeS2, is known as Fool’s Gold because it is a shiny yellow solid which is similar in
appearance to gold. Iron pyrite is an ionic compound. Gold is a metallic element.
(a) Iron pyrite, FeS2, contains positive and negative ions. The positive ion is Fe2+.
Deduce the formula of the negative ion.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A student is provided with a sample of iron pyrite and a sample of gold.
Suggest how the student could distinguish between the two substances.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Sulfur dioxide is produced on a large scale by heating iron pyrite strongly in air. The iron pyrite
reacts with oxygen in the air producing iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, and sulfur dioxide.
(i) Construct a chemical equation for the reaction between iron pyrite and oxygen.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Give one use of sulfur dioxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

12
7 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are examples of hydrocarbons.
(i) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give the general formula of straight-chain
alkanes, ...............................................................................................................................
alkenes. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
X contains 54.54% of carbon by mass, 9.09% of hydrogen by mass and 36.37% of oxygen by
mass.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.
[2]
(ii) Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88.
Deduce the molecular formula of compound X.
[2]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

13
(c) An ester has the molecular formula C3H6O2.
Name and give the structural formulae of two esters with the molecular formula C3H6O2.
name of ester
structural formula
[4]
(d) Name the ester produced from the reaction of propanoic acid and methanol.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(e) A polyester is represented by the structure shown.
O O
C C O O
(i) What type of polymerisation is used for the production of polyesters?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Which simple molecule is removed when the polyester is formed?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Complete the diagrams below to show the structures of the monomers used to produce
the polyester. Show all atoms and bonds.
C C O O
[2]
[Total: 16]

14
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© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

15
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© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

The Periodic Table of Elements
© UCLES 2016
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
0620/42/F/M/16
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)
*6232664619*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 03_0620_42/3RP
2
1 (a) Five organic compounds have the following structures.
A B C
H H H H H H H H H H H H
H C C C C H H C C C C H C C C C H
H H H H H H H H H
D E
H H H H H
Br C C Br Br C C C Br
H H H H H
(i) Which compound is butane?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Which two compounds are structural isomers of each other?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Which compound can be made by reacting an alkene with bromine?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Which compound is a saturated hydrocarbon?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Which compound has the empirical formula C2H5?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Name the two products made during the complete combustion of compound C.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

3
(b) Petroleum can be separated into useful substances using the apparatus shown.
refinery gas
gasoline fraction
naphtha fraction
diesel oil fraction
Y fuel oil fraction
petroleum
lubricating fraction
and bitumen
(i) Name the fraction which is the most viscous.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the fraction with the smallest molecules.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the fraction which has the weakest attractive forces between molecules.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Fraction X is used as jet fuel.
Name fraction X.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) What happens at point Y on the diagram?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 11]

4
2 Silver dichromate, Ag2Cr2O7, is a red insoluble salt.
Silver dichromate can be made by reacting silver nitrate solution with ammonium dichromate
solution. The chemical equation for the reaction is shown.
2AgNO3(aq) + (NH4)2Cr2O7(aq) 2NH4NO3(aq) + Ag2Cr2O7(s)
(a) Describe how you could obtain pure dry solid silver dichromate after mixing silver nitrate
solution and ammonium dichromate solution.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) (i) The charge on a silver ion is +1.
Deduce the charge on the dichromate ion in Ag2Cr2O7.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the ionic equation for the formation of silver dichromate in this reaction.
State symbols are not required.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide was added to the ammonium nitrate solution made in the
reaction. The mixture was then warmed and damp Universal Indicator paper was held above
the mixture.
State and explain what would happen to the Universal Indicator paper.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

5
(d) The apparatus shown was set up.
plastic trough
S
solid silver nitrate solid
ammonium dichromate
water
After five minutes, a red solid appeared along the line marked S on the diagram.
(i) Explain why a red solid appeared along the line marked S.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(ii) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature.
What effect, if any, would this have on the time taken for the red solid to appear? Explain
your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(e) Ammonium dichromate, (NH4)2Cr2O7, undergoes thermal decomposition.

The products are chromium(III) oxide, nitrogen and water.
(i) What is meant by thermal decomposition?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of ammonium dichromate.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 16]

6
3 Nitryl chloride, NO2Cl, reacts with nitric oxide, NO. The forward reaction is exothermic.
NO2Cl (g) + NO(g) NO2(g) + NOCl (g)
The reaction can reach equilibrium.
(a) What is meant by the term equilibrium for a reversible reaction?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain why increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) State and explain the effect, if any, of increasing the temperature on the position of equilibrium.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) State and explain the effect, if any, of decreasing the pressure on the position of equilibrium.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

7
(e) Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, is a gas at room temperature. It has the structure shown.
O N Cl
(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons
in nitrosyl chloride.
O N Cl
[2]
(ii) Nitrosyl chloride has a boiling point of –6 °C.
Explain why nitrosyl chloride has a low boiling point.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 13]

8
4 Copper(II) sulfate solution was electrolysed using the apparatus shown.
– +
carbon cathode carbon anode
copper(II) sulfate
solution
(a) (i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of movement of electrons in the wire.
Label the arrow A. [1]
(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of movement of positive ions in the
copper(II) sulfate solution.
Label the arrow B. [1]
(b) Oxygen was formed at the anode and copper was formed at the cathode.
(i) The ionic half-equation for the formation of oxygen is shown.
4OH– O2 + 2H2O + 4e–
Explain why this reaction is oxidation.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the ionic half-equation for the formation of copper at the cathode.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) The electrolysis was repeated using copper electrodes in place of carbon electrodes.
State and explain what happens to the masses of the anode and the cathode during this
electrolysis.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

9
5 Iron is extracted from its ore using a blast furnace.
(a) In the blast furnace, coke burns in oxygen to produce heat energy and carbon dioxide.
How is this carbon dioxide converted into carbon monoxide in the blast furnace?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Calcium carbonate added to the blast furnace decomposes to form calcium oxide.
Calcium oxide removes silicon(IV) oxide impurities from the iron in a neutralisation reaction.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of calcium oxide with silicon(IV) oxide. Suggest why
it is a neutralisation reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) The main impurity in iron obtained from the blast furnace is carbon.
(i) Why must the high levels of carbon be lowered before the iron becomes a useful material?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) How is the carbon removed from the iron?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Z
inc is extracted from its ore. The ore contains zinc sulfide. The zinc sulfide is roasted in air to
produce zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide.
Zinc is then obtained from the zinc oxide using a blast furnace.
(i) Give the name of the ore of zinc that contains zinc sulfide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) W
rite a chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when zinc sulfide is roasted in
air.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Suggest why the sulfur dioxide should not be released into the atmosphere.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

10
(iv) The temperature inside the blast furnace in which zinc is extracted is about 1000 °C.
The table gives some information about substances in the blast furnace in which zinc is
extracted.
substance melting point / °C boiling point / °C

carbon sublimes at 4330 °C
silicon(IV) oxide 1610 2230
zinc 420 907
Use the data in the table to explain why the zinc obtained does not contain high levels of
impurities such as silicon(IV) oxide and carbon.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

11
6 Barium carbonate decomposes when heated.
BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g)
(a) A student heated a 10.0 g sample of barium carbonate until it was fully decomposed.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of barium carbonate the student used.
moles of barium carbonate = ............................. mol [2]
(ii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at room temperature and pressure.
Give your answer in dm3.
volume of carbon dioxide = ............................. dm3 [1]
(b) The student added 2.00 g of the barium oxide produced to water.
BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2
Calculate the mass of barium hydroxide that can be made from 2.00 g of barium oxide. The Mr
of Ba(OH)2 is 171.
mass of barium hydroxide = ............................. g [1]
(c) A 1.50 g sample of barium hydroxide was dissolved in water. The total volume of the solution
was 100 cm3.
A 25.0 cm3 portion of the barium hydroxide solution was titrated against hydrochloric acid. The
volume of hydrochloric acid required was 18.75 cm3.
Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + 2H2O
(i) Calculate how many moles of barium hydroxide were in the 25.0 cm3 portion used in the
titration.
moles of barium hydroxide = ............................. mol [1]
(ii) Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used.
concentration of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol / dm3 [2]
[Total: 7]

12
7 (a) The diagram shows part of the structure of an addition polymer.
H Cl H Cl H Cl
C C C C C C
H H H H H H
(i) Draw a circle around one repeat unit of the polymer. [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of the monomer from which this addition polymer is made.
[1]
(iii) Aqueous bromine is added to both the polymer and the monomer.
Describe what would be seen in each case.
with the polymer ..................................................................................................................
with the monomer ................................................................................................................

[2]
(b) The diagram shows part of the structure of a condensation polymer.
O O O O
C C N N C C N N
H H H H
(i) What type of condensation polymer is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) On the diagram, draw a circle around one repeat unit of the polymer. [1]
(iii) Draw the structures of the two monomers from which the condensation polymer is made.
[2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

13
(c) Hydrolysis of a polymer gave a compound with the following composition by mass: C, 34.61%;
H, 3.85%; O, 61.54%.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.
empirical formula = ............................ [3]
(ii) What additional information is needed to calculate the molecular formula of the compound?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 12]

14
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© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/F/M/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
*2199140551*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42
1 hour 15 minutes

IB18 03_0620_42/3RP
2
1 This question is about gases.
(a) The following substances are gases at room temperature.
letter A B C D E F G H
substance SO2 Ar CO Cl 2 NH3 CO2 CH4 C 3H 8
Identify, by letter:
(i) a gas which combines with water to form acid rain ....................................................... [1]
(ii)
two gases which exist as diatomic molecules ............................................................... [2]
(iii) a gas which bleaches damp litmus paper ...................................................................... [1]
(iv) a gas which is used as an inert atmosphere in lamps ................................................... [1]
(v)
two gases which are found in clean dry air ................................................................... [2]
(vi)
two gases which are found in refinery gas. ................................................................... [2]
(b) NF3 has covalent bonds.
(i) What is a covalent bond?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
NF3.
Show outer shell electrons only.
F N F
[3]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

3
(c) Air is a mixture. Nitrogen and oxygen are the two most common gases in air.
(i) What is meant by the term mixture?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the percentage of oxygen, to the nearest whole number, in clean dry air.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Describe the steps in the industrial process which enables nitrogen and oxygen to be
separated from clean dry air.
Use scientific terms in your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(iv) Which physical property of nitrogen and oxygen allows them to be separated?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 20]

4
2 Sodium chloride is a typical ionic compound.
(a) The diagram shows part of a lattice of sodium chloride.
(i) Complete the diagram to show the ions present. Use ‘+’ for Na+ ions and ‘–’ for Cl – ions.
One ion has been completed for you.
[2]
(ii) How many electrons does a chloride ion have?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Identify an element which has atoms with the same number of electrons as a sodium ion.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is an important industrial process.
(i) What is meant by the term electrolysis?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Name the products of the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
3 ...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iii) Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction at the cathode.

Include state symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

5
(c) Silver chloride can be made by reacting aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate.
The other product of the reaction is sodium nitrate. The chemical equation for the reaction is
shown.
NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO3(aq)
A student attempted to make the maximum amount of sodium nitrate crystals. The process
involved three steps.
step 1 The student added aqueous sodium chloride to aqueous silver nitrate and stirred.
Neither reagent was in excess.
step 2 The student filtered the mixture. The student then washed the residue and added
the washings to the filtrate.
step 3 The student obtained sodium nitrate crystals from the filtrate.
(i) Describe what the student observed in step 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Why was the residue washed in step 2?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Give the names of the two processes which occurred in step 3.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) The student started with 20 cm3 of 0.20 mol / dm3 NaCl (aq).
●● Determine the amount of NaCl (aq) used.
amount of NaCl (aq) used = .............................. mol
The yield of NaNO3 crystals was 90%.
●● Calculate the mass of NaNO3 crystals made.
mass of NaNO3 crystals = .............................. g

[4]
(v) Write a chemical equation for the action of heat on sodium nitrate crystals.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 21]

6
3 Limestone rock is mainly calcium carbonate, CaCO3.
(a) The ‘limestone cycle’ is shown. Each step is numbered.
limestone step 1 lime

heat
calcium carbonate ...................................
CaCO3(s) ...................................
step 2
step 4
add
add CO2
limited water
limewater slaked lime
calcium hydroxide calcium hydroxide

step 3
Ca(OH)2(aq) add an excess Ca(OH)2(s)
of water
(i) Complete the box to give the chemical name and formula of lime. [2]
(ii) Which step involves a physical change?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What type of reaction is step 1?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Suggest how step 2 could be reversed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Write a chemical equation for step 4.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Explain why step 4 is a neutralisation reaction. Refer to the substances reacting in your
answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Dolomite is a similar rock to limestone. Dolomite contains magnesium carbonate, MgCO3.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and dilute nitric acid.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

7
(c) Forsterite is another rock which contains a magnesium compound.
A sample of forsterite has the following composition by mass: Mg, 2.73 g; Si, 1.58 g; O, 3.60 g.
Calculate the empirical formula of forsterite.
empirical formula = .............................. [2]
[Total: 12]

8
4 Ammonia is an important chemical.
(a) Ammonia is a base.
(i) In chemistry, what is meant by the term base?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write a word equation to show ammonia behaving as a base.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Ammonia reacts with chlorine. The chemical equation is shown.
2NH3(g) + 3Cl 2(g) N2(g) + 6HCl (g)
(i) Calculate the volume of chlorine, measured at room temperature and pressure, needed to
react completely with 0.68 g of ammonia.
volume of chlorine = .............................. cm3 [3]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

9
(ii) The chemical equation can be represented as shown.
2 H N H + 3 Cl Cl N N + 6 H Cl
Use the bond energies in the table to determine the energy change, ΔH, for the reaction
between ammonia and chlorine.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
N–H 390
Cl –Cl 240
N≡N 945
H–Cl 430
●● energy needed to break bonds
.............................. kJ
●● energy released when bonds are formed
.............................. kJ
●● energy change, ΔH, for the reaction between ammonia and chlorine
.............................. kJ
[3]
(iii) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

10
(c) Ammonia reacts with oxygen at high temperatures in the presence of a suitable catalyst to
form nitric oxide, NO.
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
(i) Explain how this chemical equation shows ammonia acting as a reducing agent.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest a suitable catalyst for the reaction from the list of metals. Give a reason for your
answer.
aluminium calcium platinum potassium sodium
suitable catalyst ...................................................................................................................
reason ..................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

11
5 Alcohols are a ‘family’ of organic molecules which have the same general formula.
(a) What is the name given to any ‘family’ of organic molecules which have the same general
formula and similar chemical properties?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Give the general formula of alcohols.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Propan-1-ol can be made from propene.
(i) Name the reagent and give the conditions needed to convert propene into propan-1-ol.
reagent ................................................................................................................................
conditions ............................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the complete combustion of propan-1-ol.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) A simple sugar can be represented as shown.
H O O H
Simple sugars can be polymerised to make more complex carbohydrates.
(i) Complete the diagram to show part of a carbohydrate polymer made from the simple
sugar shown.
[2]
(ii) Name the chemical process which occurs when a carbohydrate polymer is broken down
into simple sugars.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What conditions are needed for this process to occur?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

12
(e) Chromatography can be used to identify simple sugars in a mixture.
A student analysed a mixture of simple sugars by chromatography. All the simple sugars in the
mixture were colourless.
(i) What is the name given to the type of substance used to identify the positions of the simple
sugars on the chromatogram?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The student calculated the Rf value of a spot on the chromatogram.
Complete the expression for the Rf value of the spot.
Rf =
[1]
(iii) How could a student identify a simple sugar from its Rf value?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Sometimes not all the substances in a mixture can be identified from the chromatogram
produced.
Explain why this may happen.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

13
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© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

14
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15
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© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18

Group
© UCLES 2018
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/F/M/18
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge Assessment International Education
*4970364461*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42
1 hour 15 minutes
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
IB19 03_0620_42/4RP
2
1 Period 3 of the Periodic Table is shown.
Answer the following questions using only these elements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which element:
(a) is a gas at room temperature and pressure
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) forms a basic oxide with a formula of the form X2O
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) is made of atoms which have a full outer shell of electrons
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) forms an oxide which causes acid rain
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) is extracted from bauxite
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) forms an oxide which has a macromolecular structure
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g) consists of diatomic molecules.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

3
2 (a) The table gives information about some atoms or ions, A, B and C.
Complete the table.
number of number of electronic

charge
protons electrons structure
A 11 10 2,8
B 18 0
C 10 2,8 –1
[4]
(b) (i) Carbon is an element.
Define the term element.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
6C, 6C and 6C are isotopes of carbon.

12 13 14
(ii)
Complete the table.
number of protons number of neutrons
6C
12
6C
13
6C
14
[2]
[Total: 7]

4
3 Fluorine is a Group VII element. Fluorine forms compounds with metals and non-metals.
(a) Predict the physical state of fluorine at room temperature and pressure.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fluorine exists as diatomic molecules.
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

fluorine. Show outer shell electrons only.
F F
[2]
(c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and fluorine.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Explain why chlorine does not react with aqueous sodium fluoride.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

5
etrafluoromethane and lead(II) fluoride are fluorides of Group IV elements. Some properties

(e) T
of tetrafluoromethane and lead(II) fluoride are shown in the table.
property tetrafluoromethane lead(II) fluoride

formula CF4
melting point / °C –184 855
boiling point / °C –127 1290
conduction of electricity when solid non-conductor non-conductor
conduction of electricity when molten non-conductor good conductor
(i) What is the formula of lead(II) fluoride?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What type of bonding is present between the atoms in tetrafluoromethane?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What type of structure does solid lead(II) fluoride have?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
xplain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why lead(II) fluoride has a much
(iv) E
higher melting point than tetrafluoromethane.
In your answer refer to the types of attractive forces between particles and their relative
strengths.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]

6
(f) T etrafluoroethene is an unsaturated compound with the formula C2F4.

Tetrafluoroethene is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(tetrafluoroethene).
(i) What is meant by the term unsaturated ?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe a test to show that tetrafluoroethene is unsaturated.
test........................................................................................................................................
observations.........................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) D
raw the structure of a molecule of tetrafluoroethene. Show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.
[1]
(iv) Tetrafluoroethene can be polymerised to form poly(tetrafluoroethene).
Draw one repeat unit of poly(tetrafluoroethene). Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
(v) Deduce the empirical formula of:
tetrafluoroethene .................................................................................................................
poly(tetrafluoroethene). .......................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

7
4 This question is about ethanoic acid, CH3COOH.
(a) Ethanoic acid is manufactured from methanol and carbon monoxide.
CH3OH(g) + CO(g) CH3COOH(g)
The process is done at 200 °C and 30 atmospheres pressure.

The forward reaction is exothermic.
Complete the table using only the words increases, decreases or no change.
effect on the rate of effect on the equilibrium

the forward reaction yield of CH3COOH(g)
adding a catalyst no change
increasing the temperature
decreasing the pressure decreases

[4]
(b) How would you show that an aqueous solution of ethanoic acid is an acid without using an
indicator or measuring the pH?
State the reagent you would use and give the expected observations. Write a chemical equation
for the reaction that you describe.
●● reagent
.....................................................................................................................................................
●● expected observations
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
●● chemical equation
.....................................................................................................................................................
[3]

8
(c) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
(i)
What is meant by the term acid ?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Why is ethanoic acid described as weak ?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Ethanoic acid reacts with methanol to form an ester.
(i) State two conditions required for this reaction.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Draw the structure of the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with methanol. Show all
of the atoms and all of the bonds. Name the ester.
structure
name ....................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iii) Name an ester which is a structural isomer of the ester in (d)(ii).
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

9
5 Titanium is extracted from an ore called rutile. Rutile is an impure form of titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2.
(a) R
utile is mixed with coke and heated in a furnace through which chlorine gas is passed. The
product is gaseous titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4.
TiO2(s) + 2C(s) + 2Cl 2(g) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)
he gaseous titanium(IV) chloride produced is condensed into the liquid state. The

T
titanium(IV) chloride is then separated from liquid impurities.
uggest the name of the process by which liquid titanium(IV) chloride could be separated
(i) S
from the liquid impurities.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Carbon monoxide, CO(g), is also produced in the reaction.
Why should carbon monoxide not be released into the atmosphere?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Calculate the volume of chlorine gas, Cl 2(g), at room temperature and pressure, that reacts
completely with 400 g of TiO2(s) using the following steps.
TiO2(s) + 2Cl 2(g) + 2C(s) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)
●● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of TiO2.
Mr of TiO2 = ..............................
●● Calculate the number of moles in 400 g of TiO2.
.............................. mol
●● Determine the number of moles of Cl 2 that react with 400 g of TiO2.
moles of Cl 2 = .............................. mol
●● Calculate the volume of Cl 2 that reacts with 400 g of TiO2.
volume of Cl 2 = .............................. dm3

[4]

10
itanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4, is heated with an excess of magnesium, in an atmosphere of

(c) T
argon.
(i) Balance the chemical equation for the reaction.
TiCl 4 + ..... Mg Ti + ..... MgCl 2

[1]
(ii) Titanium(IV) chloride can be reacted with sodium instead of magnesium.
he reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and sodium is similar to the reaction between

T
titanium(IV) chloride and magnesium.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and sodium.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
uggest why the reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and magnesium is done in an

(iii) S
atmosphere of argon and not in air.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
fter titanium(IV) chloride is heated with magnesium, the unreacted magnesium is removed

(d) A
by adding an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid to the mixture.
The dilute hydrochloric acid also dissolves the magnesium chloride.

The dilute hydrochloric acid does not react with the titanium or dissolve it.
(i) Give two observations and write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when
dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
chemical equation ................................................................................................................

[3]
(ii) Name the process that is used to separate the titanium from the mixture after all the
magnesium has been removed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Titanium does not react with the dilute hydrochloric acid or dissolve in it.
Suggest why titanium does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

11
(e) M
agnesium cannot be produced by electrolysis of aqueous magnesium chloride using inert
electrodes.
(i) N
ame the product formed at the negative electrode (cathode) during the electrolysis of
aqueous magnesium chloride.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest how magnesium can be produced from magnesium chloride by electrolysis.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 16]

12
6 This question is about transition elements.
(a) Transition elements are harder and stronger than Group I elements.
Describe two other differences in physical properties between transition elements and Group I
elements.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) State one physical property of transition elements that is similar to Group I elements.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) State two chemical properties of transition elements.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Cobalt is a transition element. Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride is used to test for water.
State the colour change that occurs when water is added to anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride.
from ................................................................... to ...................................................................

[2]
(e) Iron is a transition element.
(i)
Which two substances react with iron to form rust?
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Which metal is used to galvanise iron?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

13
(f) T
he hull of a ship is made from steel (mainly iron). Metal blocks are placed on the ship’s hull to
prevent rusting.
water water
ship’s hull metal

block
Use your knowledge of the reactivity series to explain why:
●● agnesium is suitable to use as the metal blocks

m
●● copper is not suitable to use as the metal blocks.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(g) Rust contains iron(III) oxide.
Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, can be used to remove rust from an iron object and prevent further
rusting.
rite a chemical equation for the reaction between iron(III) oxide and phosphoric acid to
(i) W
form iron(III) phosphate and water.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Iron(III) phosphate is an insoluble salt.
Suggest how the formation of iron(III) phosphate prevents further rusting.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 15]

14
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© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

15
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/F/M/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*4054381962*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2016

1 hour 15 minutes

This document consists of 16 printed pages.
IB16 06_0620_41/4RP
2
1 Protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles.
(a) Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, a neutron and an
electron.
particle relative mass relative charge
proton
neutron
1
electron
1840
[3]
(b) Bromine has two isotopes.
(i) Define the term isotope.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why the two isotopes of bromine have the same chemical properties.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions.
Complete the table.

particle
7
3 Li
34 2-
16 S
19 22 18
[5]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

3
2 Period 3 contains the elements sodium to argon. This question asks about the chemistry of each of
the Period 3 elements or their compounds.
(a) Sodium nitrate is a white crystalline solid. When heated it melts and the following reaction
occurs.
2NaNO3(l) → 2NaNO2(l) + O2(g)
A 3.40 g sample of sodium nitrate is heated.
Calculate the
• number of moles of NaNO3 used,
.................................. mol
• number of moles of O2 formed,
.................................. mol
• volume of O2 formed, in dm3 (measured at r.t.p.).
.................................. dm3
[3]
(b) Magnesium reacts slowly with warm water to form a base, magnesium hydroxide.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term base.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and warm water.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16 [Turn over

4
(c) Aluminium oxide is amphoteric. It is insoluble in water.
Describe experiments to show that aluminium oxide is amphoteric.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(d) Silicon(IV) oxide has a giant structure.
(i) Name the type of bonding in silicon(IV) oxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give two physical properties of silicon(IV) oxide.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Calcium phosphate is used in fertilisers. The bonding in calcium phosphate is ionic.
Calcium phosphate contains the phosphate ion, PO43–.
(i) What is ionic bonding?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Deduce the formula of calcium phosphate.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

5
(f) Sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4, can be made by combining gaseous sulfur with fluorine.
S(g) + 2F2(g) → SF4(g)
The reaction is exothermic.
(i) Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow which clearly shows
the energy change during the reaction.
S(g) + 2F2(g)
energy
[3]
(ii) During the reaction the amount of energy given out is 780 kJ / mol.
The F–F bond energy is 160 kJ / mol.
Use this information to determine the bond energy, in kJ / mol, of one S–F bond in SF4.
S + F F → F S F
F F
F
.................................. kJ / mol [3]

6
(g) Chlorine and compounds of chlorine are important in water treatment and in laboratory testing
for water.
(i) Chlorine is added to water to make the water safe to drink.
Explain why adding chlorine makes water safe to drink.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) A compound of chlorine is used in the laboratory to test for the presence of water.
Name the compound of chlorine used in this test and describe the colour change seen in
a positive result of this test.
name of compound . ............................................................................................................
colour change from ................................................... to . ..................................................

[3]
(h) Argon is an unreactive noble gas.
(i) Explain why argon is unreactive.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one use of argon.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 27]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

7
Question 3 starts on the next page.

8
3 When aqueous sodium thiosulfate and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed, a precipitate of insoluble
sulfur is produced. This makes the mixture difficult to see through.
Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl (aq) → S(s) + 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)
The time taken for the cross to disappear from view is measured.
A student adds the following volumes of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, dilute hydrochloric acid and
distilled water to the conical flask.
The time taken for the formation of the precipitate of sulfur to make the cross disappear from view
is recorded.
experiment volume of volume of volume of time taken for

number sodium thiosulfate hydrochloric acid distilled water cross to disappear
/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 from view / s
1 10 10 40 56
2 20 10 30 28
(a) State the order in which the aqueous sodium thiosulfate, hydrochloric acid and distilled water
should be added to the flask.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

9
(b) In experiment 3 the student wanted the sodium thiosulfate to be double the concentration used
in experiment 2.
(i) Complete the table to show the volumes which should be used and the expected time
taken for the cross to disappear from view in experiment 3. [2]
(ii) Use collision theory to explain why increasing the concentration of sodium thiosulfate
would change the rate of reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The student repeated experiment 1 at a higher temperature.
Use collision theory to explain why the rate of reaction would increase.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]

10
4 Electroplating steel objects with silver involves a three-step process.
step 1 A coating of copper is applied to the object.
step 2 A coating of nickel is applied to the object.
step 3 The coating of silver is applied to the object.
(a) A diagram of the apparatus used for step 1 is shown.
+ –
copper (anode)
steel object (cathode)
aqueous copper(II) sulfate

electrolyte
(i) The chemical process taking place on the surface of the object is
Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s)
Explain whether this process is oxidation or reduction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the concentration of copper ions in the electrolyte remains constant throughout
step 1.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

11
(b) Give two changes which would be needed in order to coat nickel onto the object in step 2.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Copper, nickel and silver are transition elements.

Typical physical properties of transition elements are a high density and a high melting point.
Give three different properties of transition metals which are not typical of other metals.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]

12
5 Sulfuric acid is produced by the Contact process. The steps of the Contact process are shown.
starting step 1 sulfur step 2 sulfur step 3 oleum

step 4 sulfuric
material dioxide trioxide acid
(a) Sulfur is a common starting material for the Contact process.
Name a source of sulfur.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe step 2, giving reaction conditions and a chemical equation. Reference to reaction
rate and yield is not required.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [5]
(c) Step 3 involves adding sulfur trioxide to concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum.
Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
H2SO4 + SO3 → ................................

[1]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

13
(d) Dilute sulfuric acid is a typical acid.
A student adds excess dilute sulfuric acid to a sample of solid copper(II) carbonate in a
test-tube.
(i) Give three observations the student would make.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Give the names of all products formed.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Concentrated sulfuric acid has different properties to dilute sulfuric acid.
When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to glucose, C6H12O6, steam is given off and a black
solid is formed.
(i) Name the black solid.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of reaction has occurred?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 12]

14
6 Petroleum is a source of many important chemicals.
(a) Name two industrial processes which must take place to produce alkenes from petroleum.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Ethene, CH2=CH2, and propene, CH2=CHCH3, can both be converted into polymers.
(i) What type of polymerisation takes place when ethene forms a polymer?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the empirical formula of the polymer formed from ethene?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Propene has the structural formula CH2=CHCH3.
Draw two repeat units of the polymer made from propene.
[2]
(c) Ethene will react with steam to form ethanol.
Propene will react with steam to form two isomers, both of which are alcohols.
Suggest the structures of these alcohols.
[2]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

15
(d) Esters are organic chemicals noted for their characteristic smells. Ethanoic acid and methanol
will react to form an ester.
(i) Name the catalyst needed to form an ester from ethanoic acid and methanol.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with methanol.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Draw the structure of the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with methanol. Show all
bonds.
[2]
(iv) Give the name of a polyester.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2016 0620/41/M/J/16

Group
© UCLES 2016
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/M/J/16
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*3291778503*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42


1 hour 15 minutes

IB16 06_0620_42/3RP
2
1
(a) For each of the following, give the name of an element from Period 2 (lithium to neon), which
matches the description.
Elements may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(i) an element which is gaseous at room temperature and pressure
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) an element which forms an oxide that is a reactant in photosynthesis
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) an element that is a product of photosynthesis
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) an element that makes up approximately 78% by volume of the air
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) an element which has atoms with a full outer shell of electrons
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(vi) an element which exists as both diamond and graphite
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(vii) an element that reacts vigorously with cold water
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(viii) a soft metallic element which is stored in oil
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Give the formula of a compound that contains
(i) only boron and oxygen, ................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) only lithium and nitrogen. . ............................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

3
2 (a) (i) Define the term atomic number.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Define the term nucleon number.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms or ions.
Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.
number of number of number of symbol or

particle
protons electrons neutrons formula
12
A 6 6 6 6C
B 12 12 12
C 8 16 2-
8O
D 11 10 13
[6]
[Total: 9]

4
3 Gallium is a metallic element in Group III. It has similar properties to aluminium.
(a) (i) Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element.

You should include a labelled diagram in your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Explain why metallic elements such as gallium are good conductors of electricity.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Give the formula of
gallium(III) chloride, ...................................................................................................................
gallium(III) sulfate. .....................................................................................................................

[2]
(c) Gallium(III) oxide, Ga2O3, is amphoteric.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gallium(III) oxide and dilute nitric
acid to form a salt and water only.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The reaction between gallium(III) oxide and sodium hydroxide solution forms only water
and a salt containing the negative ion Ga2O42–.
Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Alloys of gallium and other elements are often more useful than the metallic element itself.
Suggest two reasons why alloys of gallium are more useful than the metallic element.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

5
4 Hydrogen can be manufactured from methane by steam reforming.
CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
The reaction is carried out using a nickel catalyst at temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C and
using a pressure of one atmosphere.
The forward reaction is endothermic.
(a) What is meant by the term catalyst?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Suggest two reasons why a temperature lower than 700 °C is not used.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Suggest one advantage of using a pressure greater than one atmosphere.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Suggest one disadvantage of using a pressure greater than one atmosphere.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(e) Hydrogen can also be manufactured by electrolysis. The electrolyte is concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride. The electrodes are inert.
The products of electrolysis are hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
(i) Define the term electrolysis.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Name a substance that can be used as the inert electrodes.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction in which hydrogen is produced.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Where is hydrogen produced in the electrolytic cell?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
(v) Describe a test for chlorine.
test . .....................................................................................................................................
result . ..................................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride can be represented by the following
word equation.
sodium chloride + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen + chlorine
Construct a chemical equation to represent this reaction. Do not include state symbols.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(g) State one use of
chlorine, ......................................................................................................................................
sodium hydroxide, ......................................................................................................................
hydrogen. ...................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 18]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

7
5 (a) Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain hydrogen and carbon only.
• 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, are burned in 100 cm3 of oxygen, which is an

excess of oxygen.
• After cooling to room temperature and pressure, there is 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen,
50 cm3 of carbon dioxide and some liquid water.
All volumes are measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
(i) What is meant by an excess of oxygen?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What was the volume of oxygen that reacted with the hydrocarbon?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Complete the table below to express the smallest whole number ratio of
volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced
volume of
volume of volume of
carbon dioxide
produced
smallest whole
number ratio of
volumes
[1]
(iv) Use your answer to (a)(iii) to find the mole ratio in the equation below. Complete the
equation and deduce the formula of the hydrocarbon.
.........CxHy(g) + .........O2(g) → .........CO2(g) + .........H2O(l)
formula of hydrocarbon = ...........................................

[2]

8
(b) Cracking is used to convert long chain alkanes into shorter chain alkanes and alkenes. Alkenes
are unsaturated compounds.
Decane, C10H22, can be cracked to give propene and one other product.
(i) Complete the chemical equation.
C10H22 → C3H6 + ...............

[1]
(ii) What is meant by the term unsaturated?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Describe a test to show that propene is an unsaturated compound.
test . .....................................................................................................................................
result . ..................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Propene can be polymerised. The only product is polypropene. The equation for the
polymerisation is:
CH3 H
nC3H6 C C
H H n
(i) Name the type of polymerisation that occurs.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Deduce the maximum mass of polypropene that could be produced from 1 kg of propene.
............... kg [1]
(iii) Give the empirical formula of
propene, ..............................................................................................................................
polypropene. . ......................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

9
6 Zinc is extracted from an ore called zinc blende, which consists mainly of zinc sulfide, ZnS.
(a) (i) The zinc sulfide in the ore is first converted into zinc oxide.
Describe how zinc oxide is made from zinc sulfide.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in (a)(i).
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Zinc oxide is converted into zinc. Zinc oxide and coke are fed into a furnace. Hot air is blown
into the bottom of the furnace.
Zinc has a melting point of 420 °C and a boiling point of 907 °C. The temperature inside the
furnace is over 1000 °C.
(i) Explain how zinc oxide is converted into zinc. Your answer should include details of how
the heat is produced and equations for all the reactions you describe.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Explain why the zinc produced inside the furnace is a gas.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) State the name of the physical change for conversion of gaseous zinc into molten zinc.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

10
(c) Rusting of steel can be prevented by coating the steel with a layer of zinc.
Explain, in terms of electron transfer, why steel does not rust even if the layer of zinc is
scratched so that the steel is exposed to air and water.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(d) When a sample of steel is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of
iron(II) chloride, FeCl 2, is formed.
When a sample of rust is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of

iron(III) chloride, FeCl 3, is formed.
(i) Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to the solutions of iron(II) chloride and
iron(III) chloride.
Complete the table below, showing the observations you would expect to make.
iron(II) chloride solution iron(III) chloride solution
aqueous
sodium hydroxide
[2]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

11
Solutions of iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride were added to solutions of potassium iodide
and acidified potassium manganate(VII). The results are shown in the table.
iron(II) chloride iron(III) chloride

solution solution
solution turns
potassium
no change from colourless
iodide solution
to brown
acidified potassium solution turns

manganate(VII) from purple no change
solution to colourless
(ii) What types of substance cause potassium iodide solution to turn from colourless to
brown?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What types of substance cause acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution to turn from
purple to colourless?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Which ion in iron(III) chloride solution causes potassium iodide solution to turn from
colourless to brown?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) Which ion in iron(II) chloride solution causes acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
to turn from purple to colourless?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 18]
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

Group
© UCLES 2016
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/M/J/16
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*2399434482*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43


1 hour 15 minutes

IB16 06_0620_43/3RP
2
1 The diagram shows a blast furnace.
waste gases
raw materials:
coke, C
iron ore, Fe2O3
limestone, CaCO3
(a) The following equations represent reactions which take place in the blast furnace.
A C + O2 → CO2
B CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
C CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
D CO2 + C → 2CO
E Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
(i) Which reaction is used to increase the temperature inside the blast furnace? ........... [1]
(ii) Which reaction is an example of thermal decomposition? ........... [1]
(iii) In which reaction is carbon both oxidised and reduced? ........... [1]
(iv) Which equation shows the removal of an impurity from the iron? ........... [1]
(v) Which equation shows the reaction of an acidic substance with a basic substance?
........... [1]
(b) Use the diagram of the blast furnace to help you answer these questions.
(i) What enters the blast furnace at X?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What leaves the blast furnace at Y?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

3
(iii) Name two waste gases that leave the blast furnace.
1. . ........................................................................................................................................
2. . ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) The graph shows how the malleability of iron changes as the percentage of carbon in the iron
changes.
high
malleability
low
increasing percentage
of carbon
(i) Describe how the malleability of iron changes as the percentage of carbon changes.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Iron obtained from the blast furnace contains high levels of carbon.
Explain how the amount of carbon in the iron can be decreased.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]

4
2 The structures of six organic compounds are shown.
A B C
H H H H H H H O
H C C C C H C C H C C
H H H H H O H
D E F
H H H H H H H
H C C H H C H H C C C C H
H H
H O H H H H
H H C C C H
H H H
(a) Give the name of F.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Identify two of the compounds that are members of the same homologous series.
Give the general formula of this homologous series.
compounds .................................................................................................................................
general formula ..........................................................................................................................

[2]
(c) Which two compounds are isomers of each other?

Explain why they are isomers.
compounds .................................................................................................................................
explanation .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(d) Explain why B is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

5
(e) Describe how D is manufactured from B. Give a chemical equation for the reaction.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(f) Compound A forms an addition polymer.
Draw two repeat units of the addition polymer formed from A.
[2]
[Total: 13]

6
3 Clean dry air contains mainly nitrogen and oxygen.
(a) Name two other gases that are in clean dry air.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Air often contains pollutants.
Identify three common gaseous pollutants in air and state how each of these pollutants are
produced.
pollutant gas 1 ............................................................................................................................
how it is produced ......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
pollutant gas 2 ............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
pollutant gas 3 ............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[6]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

7
4 (a) Potassium iodide is an ionic compound.
(i) Describe what happens, in terms of electron loss and gain, when a potassium atom reacts
with an iodine atom.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe the structure of solid potassium iodide. You may draw a diagram.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Explain why potassium iodide has a high melting point.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

8
(b) Potassium iodide and lead nitrate are both soluble. Lead iodide is insoluble.
(i) Describe how a pure dry sample of lead iodide could be made from solid potassium iodide
and solid lead nitrate.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [4]
(ii) Write an ionic equation for the formation of lead iodide, PbI2, when potassium iodide and
lead nitrate react with each other.
State symbols are not required.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) When chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of potassium iodide, a redox
reaction takes place.
2I – + Cl 2 → I2 + 2Cl –
(i) State the colour change expected in this reaction.
start colour . .........................................................................................................................
end colour . ..........................................................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Identify the reducing agent in this reaction. Explain your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

9
5 Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate solution.
2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(a) Explain why effervescence is seen during the reaction.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
• 10.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid were placed in a conical flask.

• A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the dilute hydrochloric acid.
• The mixture was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
• 16.2 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution were required to react completely with the acid.
(i) What colour would the methyl orange indicator be in the hydrochloric acid?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were used.
............................ mol [1]
(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the equation for the reaction to calculate the number of
moles of sodium carbonate that reacted.
............................ mol [1]
(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to calculate the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution
in mol / dm3.
............................ mol / dm3 [2]
(c) In another experiment, 0.020 mol of sodium carbonate were reacted with excess hydrochloric
acid.
Calculate the maximum volume (at r.t.p.) of carbon dioxide gas that could be made in this
reaction.
............................ dm3 [3]
[Total: 9]

10
6 Concentrated ammonia solution gives off ammonia gas. Concentrated hydrochloric acid gives off
hydrogen chloride gas. Ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen chloride, HCl, are both colourless gases.
Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to make the white solid ammonium chloride.
Apparatus is set up as shown.
cotton wool cotton wool

soaked in concentrated soaked in concentrated
hydrochloric acid ammonia solution
A B C D
glass tube
After ten minutes a white solid forms in the tube where the gases meet.
(a) (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia with hydrogen chloride.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the process by which the ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases move in the tube.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) At which point, A, B, C or D, does the white solid form? Explain why the white solid forms
at that point.
the solid forms at ..............
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iv) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature.
Predict how the results of the experiment would be different. Explain your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

11
(b) Some of the white solid is removed from the tube and dissolved in water.
Describe how the white solid could be tested to show it contains,
(i) ammonium ions,
test . .....................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
result . ..................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) chloride ions.
test . .....................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
result . ..................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) The diagram shows the electron arrangement in a molecule of ammonia, showing only outer
shell electrons.
N H
(i) State the type of bonding in ammonia.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

12
(ii) Hydrazine, N2H4, is another compound of nitrogen and hydrogen.
Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of hydrazine,

showing only outer shell electrons.
H H
N N
H H
[3]
(d) Nylon and proteins are both polymers containing nitrogen.
(i) Name the linkages found in the polymers of nylon and protein.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe one difference in the structures of nylon and protein.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What is the general name given to the products of hydrolysis of proteins?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

13
(e) Suggest the structure of the monomer used to make the polymer shown.
H O
N C
n
[1]
[Total: 22]

14
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© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

15
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© UCLES 2016 0620/43/M/J/16

Group
© UCLES 2016
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/M/J/16
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*3843148954*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 06_0620_41/4RP
2
1 This question is about subatomic particles.
(a) Define the terms
proton number, ...........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
nucleon number. .........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Why is the 11H hydrogen atom the only atom to have an identical proton number and nucleon
number?
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atoms and
ions given.

19
F 9
26
Mg 12
31
P3–
87
Sr2+
[6]
(d) (i) Write the formula of the compound formed from fluorine and magnesium.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the formula of the compound formed from Sr2+ and P3–.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

3
2 Some oxides of some elements are listed.
CO CO2 Na2O MgO Al 2O3
SiO2 P4O10 SO2 Cl 2O7 Cr2O3
(a) Answer the following questions using only oxides from the list. Each oxide may be used once,
more than once or not at all.
Give the formula of an oxide
(i) which is the main cause of acid rain, ...................................................................................
(ii) which would give a solution of pH 14 when added to water, ................................................
(iii) which is coloured, ................................................................................................................
(iv) which is the major impurity in iron ore,.................................................................................
(v) which is amphoteric,.............................................................................................................
(vi) which is neutral. ...................................................................................................................

[6]
(b) Amphoteric oxides and neutral oxides are different from each other.
(i) What is meant by the term amphoteric oxide?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What is meant by the term neutral oxide?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 8]

4
3 Magnesium sulfate and lead(II) sulfate are examples of salts.
(a) A student prepared magnesium sulfate crystals starting from magnesium carbonate. The
student carried out the experiment in four steps.
step 1
The student added excess magnesium carbonate to a small volume of
dilute sulfuric acid until no more magnesium carbonate would react.
step 2 The student filtered the mixture.
step 3 The student heated the filtrate obtained from step 2 until it was saturated.
step 4 T
he student allowed the hot filtrate to cool to room temperature and then removed
the crystals which formed.
(i) How did the student know when the reaction had finished in step 1?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the residue in step 2.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) A saturated solution forms in step 3.
What is a saturated solution?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iv) Explain why magnesium sulfate crystals form during step 4.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

5
(b)
Magnesium sulfate crystals are hydrated. Another student heated some hydrated
magnesium sulfate crystals in a crucible and obtained the following results.
mass of hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals = 4.92 g
mass of water removed = 2.52 g
(i) Calculate the number of moles of water removed.
moles of water = ............................. mol [1]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate remaining in the crucible.
The Mr of anhydrous magnesium sulfate is 120.
moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate = ............................. mol [1]
(iii) Calculate the ratio of moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate : moles of water. Give your
answer as whole numbers.
ratio = ................ : ................ [1]
(iv) Suggest the formula of hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals.
formula of hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals = ............................................ [2]

6
(c) Lead(II) sulfate, PbSO4, is insoluble.
Describe how you would prepare a pure dry sample of lead(II) sulfate crystals starting from
solutions of lead(II) nitrate and sodium sulfate.
Include a series of key steps in your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
(d) Write the ionic equation for the reaction which takes place between solutions of lead(II) nitrate
and sodium sulfate.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

7
4 Zinc is a very important metal.
(a) Zinc is extracted from its ore, zinc blende. Zinc blende contains zinc sulfide, ZnS.
Zinc sulfide is converted to zinc oxide in an industrial process.
(i) Describe how zinc sulfide is converted to zinc oxide in this industrial process.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Zinc oxide is then reduced in a furnace.
(i) Name the substance added to the furnace to reduce the zinc oxide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe how the pure zinc is removed from the furnace and collected.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

8
(c) When rods of zinc and copper are placed into dilute sulfuric acid as shown, electricity is
generated.
bulb
zinc rod copper rod
dilute sulfuric acid
(i) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction occurring at the zinc rod.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction occurring at the copper rod.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) The copper rod was replaced by an iron rod.
Suggest the change, if any, in the intensity of the light emitted from the bulb and give a
reason for your answer.
change .................................................................................................................................
reason ..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

9
5 When barium carbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide gas is formed.
A student carried out an experiment to measure the volume of gas formed as a reaction proceeds.
The student added a small mass of powdered barium carbonate to an excess of 0.1 mol / dm3
hydrochloric acid. A graph of the results was drawn.
The graph is shown.
400
300
volume
of gas 200
/ cm3
100
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
time / s
(a) Name the two pieces of apparatus needed to take the measurements shown on the graph.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the rate of reaction changes as the reaction
proceeds.
Assume the initial rate of reaction is represented by the point at X.
rate of
reaction
0
0 30 60 90 120
time / s
[2]

10
(c) The total volume of gas collected was 180 cm3 at room temperature and pressure.
Calculate the mass, in grams, of barium carbonate used.
BaCO3 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + H2O + CO2
mass of barium carbonate = ............................. g [3]
(d) The original graph has been drawn again.
On the grid, draw the graph expected if the same mass of barium carbonate is added as large
lumps instead of as a powder. All other conditions are the same as in the original experiment.
Explain why your graph is different from the original graph.
400
300
volume
of gas 200
/ cm3
100
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
time / s
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

11
(e) The original graph has been drawn again.
On the grid, draw the graph expected if the concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid is changed
from 0.1 mol / dm3 to 0.2 mol / dm3. All other conditions are the same as in the original experiment.
Explain, in terms of particles, why your graph is different from the original graph.
400
300
volume
of gas 200
/ cm3
100
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
time / s
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
(f)
The experiment is changed and the mass of powdered barium carbonate is doubled. All other
conditions are the same as in the original experiment. The acid is still in excess.
Deduce the volume of gas formed at room temperature and pressure, in cm3, in this experiment.
volume of gas = .............................. cm3 [1]
[Total: 13]

12
6 The alkenes and alkanes are both examples of homologous series which are hydrocarbons.
(a) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Give three characteristics of an homologous series.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
3 ..................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) Name and draw the structure of the second member of the alkene homologous series.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
name ...........................................................................................................................................
structure
[2]
(d) Alcohols can be made from alkenes.
Name the reagent and conditions needed to convert an alkene into an alcohol.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

13
(e) The alcohol butanol, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, can be converted into a carboxylic acid with four
carbon atoms.
(i) Name the carboxylic acid formed from butanol and draw its structure. Show all of the
atoms and all of the bonds.
name ....................................................................................................................................
structure
[2]
(ii) Ethanoic acid can be formed from ethanol by fermentation. It can also be formed by the
addition of a suitable chemical reagent.
Name the reagent needed to convert ethanol into ethanoic acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii)
State the type of chemical change which occurs when ethanol is converted into
ethanoic acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(f) Describe how a student could prepare the ester methyl ethanoate in a school laboratory.
In your description give
● the names of the two starting organic chemicals,

● the essential reaction conditions needed,
● a chemical equation for the reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
[Total: 19]

14
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© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

15
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© UCLES 2017 0620/41/M/J/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/M/J/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*5924154296*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 06_0620_42/5RP
2
1 (a) State the name of the process that is used to
(i) separate oxygen from liquid air,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) separate the individual dyes in ink,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) produce ethanol from simple sugars,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) obtain water from aqueous sodium chloride,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v)
separate the precipitate formed when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous
sodium chloride.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) State what is meant by the terms
(i)
element,
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii)
compound,
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii)
ion.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

3
2 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV of the Periodic Table. Both carbon and silicon exist as
more than one isotope.
(a) Define the term isotopes.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Complete the following table which gives information about carbon atoms and silicon atoms.
carbon silicon
proton number
electronic structure
nucleon number 12 28
number of neutrons in one atom

[3]
(c) Silicon has a giant structure which is similar to the structure of diamond.
(i) Name the type of bond which is present between silicon atoms in silicon.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest two physical properties of silicon.

Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why silicon has these physical
properties.
property 1 ............................................................................................................................
reason 1 ...............................................................................................................................
property 2 ............................................................................................................................
reason 2 ...............................................................................................................................
[4]
(d)
Samples of air taken from industrial areas are found to contain small amounts of
carbon monoxide.
(i) Explain how this carbon monoxide is formed.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State why carbon monoxide should not be inhaled.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

4
(e) Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a gas at room temperature and pressure, whereas silicon(IV) oxide,
SiO2, is a solid.
(i) Name the type of structure which the following compounds have.
carbon dioxide ............................................................................................................... [1]
silicon(IV) oxide ............................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why carbon dioxide is a gas at
room temperature and pressure, whereas silicon(IV) oxide is a solid.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(f) Silicon(IV) oxide is an acidic oxide. When silicon(IV) oxide reacts with alkalis, the salts formed
contain the ion SiO32–.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between silicon(IV) oxide and aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

5
3 This question is about nitrogen and some of its compounds.
(a)
Nitrogen in the air can be converted into ammonia by the Haber process. The chemical equation
for the reaction is shown.
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
(i) State the temperature and pressure used in the Haber process.
temperature .........................................................................................................................
pressure ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Name the catalyst used in the Haber process.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The ammonia produced in the Haber process can be oxidised to nitrogen(II) oxide at 900 °C.
The reaction is exothermic.
(i) Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.
4NH3 + .....O2 .....NO + .....H2O

[2]
(ii) Suggest a reason, other than cost, why a temperature greater than 900 °C is not used.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Suggest a reason why a temperature less than 900 °C is not used.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Nitrogen(II) oxide can be reacted with oxygen and water to produce nitric acid as the only
product.
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]

6
(d) Describe how you would prepare a pure dry sample of copper(II) nitrate crystals in the
laboratory using dilute nitric acid and solid copper(II) carbonate.
Include a series of key steps in your answer.
You should include a chemical equation for the reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [6]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

7

8
4 Nickel, copper and zinc are three consecutive elements in the Periodic Table.
(a) Nickel and copper are transition elements.
State three chemical properties of transition elements.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) Copper(II) oxide is a basic oxide but zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide. Both oxides are
insoluble in water.
You are provided with a mixture of solid copper(II) oxide and solid zinc oxide. Describe how
you would obtain a sample of copper(II) oxide from this mixture.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Three cells are set up each using two metals.
cell 1 cell 2 cell 3
1.10 V 0.51 V ......... V

V V V
– + – +
zinc copper zinc nickel copper nickel
electrolyte electrolyte electrolyte
(i) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction occurring at the zinc electrode in cell 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

9
(ii) Put the three metals, copper, nickel and zinc, in order of reactivity.
most reactive .........................................
.........................................
least reactive .........................................

[1]
(iii) Complete the labelling in cell 3 by writing the polarity (+/–) of each electrode in the circles
and calculating the reading on the voltmeter. [2]
[Total: 11]

10
5 (a) The elements in Group VII are known as the halogens. Some halogens react with aqueous
solutions of halides.
(i) Complete the table by adding a  to indicate when a reaction occurs and a  to indicate
when no reaction occurs.
aqueous aqueous aqueous

potassium chloride potassium bromide potassium iodide
chlorine  
bromine 
iodine 
[3]
(ii)
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine and aqueous potassium bromide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) A sample of vanadium chloride was weighed and dissolved in water. An excess of aqueous
silver nitrate, acidified with dilute nitric acid, was added. A precipitate of silver chloride was
formed. The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.
Ag+(aq) + Cl –(aq) AgCl (s)
The mass of silver chloride formed was 2.87 g.
(i) State the colour of the precipitate of silver chloride.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The relative formula mass of silver chloride, AgCl, is 143.5.
Calculate the number of moles in 2.87 g of AgCl.
moles of AgCl = .............................. mol [1]
(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the ionic equation to deduce the number of moles of chloride
ions, Cl –, that produced 2.87 g of AgCl.
moles of Cl – = .............................. mol [1]
(iv) The amount of vanadium chloride in the sample was 0.01 moles.
Use this and your answer to (b)(iii) to deduce the whole number ratio of moles of
vanadium chloride : moles of chloride ions.
Deduce the formula of vanadium chloride.
moles of vanadium chloride : moles of chloride ions ................... : ...................
formula of vanadium chloride ..............................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

11
(c) Astatine is at the bottom of Group VII. Use your knowledge of the properties of the halogens to
(i)
predict the physical state of astatine at room temperature and pressure,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii)
write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and astatine.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) Iodine reacts with chlorine. The chemical equation is shown.
I2 + Cl 2 2ICl
Use the bond energies to answer the questions.
bond bond energy in kJ / mol

I–I 151
Cl –Cl 242
I–Cl 208
(i) Calculate the total amount of energy required to break the bonds in 1 mole of I2 and
1 mole of Cl 2.
............................ kJ [1]
(ii) Calculate the total amount of energy given out when the bonds in 2 moles of ICl are
formed.
............................ kJ [1]
(iii) Use your answers to (d)(i) and (d)(ii) to calculate the overall energy change for the
reaction.
I2 + Cl 2 2ICl
............................ kJ / mol [1]
[Total: 15]

12
6 (a) An homologous series is a ‘family’ of organic compounds whose names have the same ending.
(i) Name the homologous series for which the names of the organic compounds end in -ene
and -oic acid.
-ene ............................................................................................................................... [1]
-oic acid ......................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State two characteristics of an homologous series.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Propan-1-ol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols. It reacts in the same way as
ethanol with acidified potassium manganate(VII) and with carboxylic acids.
Name the type of compound that is formed when propan-1-ol is heated with
acidified potassium manganate(VII), .........................................................................................
ethanoic acid and a suitable catalyst. .........................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

13
(c) The structure of prop-2-enoic (acrylic) acid is shown.
H CO2H
C C
H H
(i) What would you see if prop-2-enoic acid were added to
aqueous bromine, ................................................................................................................
a solution of sodium carbonate. ...........................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Prop-2-enoic acid can be polymerised to form poly(acrylic acid).
Suggest the type of polymerisation that occurs and draw one repeat unit of the polymer.
type of polymerisation ..........................................................................................................
repeat unit
[3]
[Total: 11]

14
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© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

15
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© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/M/J/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*5634281822*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 06_0620_43/4RP
2
1 Six different atoms can be represented as follows.

3 3 12 13 14 19
1A 2D 6E 6G 7J 9L
(a) Answer the following questions using atoms from the list. Each atom may be used once, more
than once or not at all.
Select one atom from the six shown which
(i) has exactly seven protons,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) has exactly six neutrons,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) has more protons than neutrons,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) has the electronic structure [2,5],
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) is an atom of an element from Group VII of the Periodic Table,
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) is an atom of a noble gas.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Two of the six atoms shown are isotopes of each other.
(i) What is meant by the term isotopes?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Which two of the six atoms shown are isotopes of each other?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Why do isotopes have identical chemical properties?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

3
2 Cyclopropane is a colourless gas.

Cyclopropane reacts with bromine at room temperature. The chemical equation for the reaction is
shown.
H H
H H H
C
+ Br Br Br C C C Br
H C C H
H H H
H H
cyclopropane bromine dibromopropane
(a) (i) What is the empirical formula of cyclopropane?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What colour change, if any, would you see when cyclopropane is bubbled into aqueous
bromine?
initial colour ..........................................................................................................................
final colour ...........................................................................................................................

[2]
(b) The reaction of cyclopropane with bromine is exothermic.
(i) Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction by
● adding the product of the reaction,

● labelling the energy change, ∆H.
cyclopropane + bromine
energy
[2]

4
(ii) Propene also reacts with bromine.
H
H Br Br H
H C
H + Br Br H C C C H
C C
H H H
H H
Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change, ΔH, for the reaction.
C–H C–C Br–Br C–Br C=C

bond energy in kJ / mol 412 348 193 285 611
energy change = ............................ kJ / mol [3]
(c) The boiling point of bromine is 59 °C and the boiling point of iodine is 184 °C.
Explain why iodine has a higher boiling point than bromine.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

5
3 Magnesium is a metal.
(a) Describe the structure and bonding in magnesium.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) Why can magnesium conduct electricity when solid?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Why is magnesium malleable?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]

6
(d) Magnesium reacts with sulfur to form the ionic compound magnesium sulfide, MgS.
The diagrams show the electronic structures of atoms of magnesium and sulfur.
Mg S
(i) C
omplete the diagrams to show the electronic structures of the ions in magnesium sulfide.
Show the charges on the ions.
Mg S
[3]
(ii) Ionic compounds, such as magnesium sulfide, do not conduct electricity when solid.
Magnesium sulfide does not dissolve in water.
Magnesium sulfide does conduct electricity under certain conditions.
tate the conditions needed for magnesium sulfide to conduct electricity. Explain why
S
magnesium sulfide conducts electricity under these conditions.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

7
4 Gasoline is used as a fuel for cars. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
(a) Name the raw material from which gasoline is obtained.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) One of the compounds in gasoline is heptane, C7H16. Heptane is a saturated hydrocarbon.
(i) What is meant by the term saturated hydrocarbon?
saturated ..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
hydrocarbon .........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) To which homologous series does heptane belong?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Give two characteristics of an homologous series.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) Complete the chemical equation for the complete combustion of heptane.
C7H16 + ..........O2 ....................... + .......................

[2]

8
(c) Car engines produce carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen.
(i) Name an environmental problem that is caused by the release of oxides of nitrogen into
the air.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain how carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen are formed in car engines.
carbon monoxide .................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
oxides of nitrogen ................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iii) State one adverse effect of carbon monoxide on human health.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Describe and explain how catalytic converters remove oxides of nitrogen from car engine
exhaust fumes. You are advised to include a chemical equation in your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

9
(d) The formula C4H10 represents two structural isomers, A and B.
H C H
H H H H H H
H C C C C H H C C C H
H H H H H H H
A B
(i) Name isomer A.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What is meant by the term structural isomers?
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Isomer B reacts with chlorine in a substitution reaction.
Give the conditions required for the reaction to occur and draw the structures of two
possible products, one of which is organic and one of which is not organic.
conditions ............................................................................................................................
structures of products
[3]
[Total: 23]

10
5 The diagram shows a simple cell.
voltmeter
V
metal 1 metal 2
electrolyte
The simple cell was used with different metals as electrodes. The voltages were recorded in the
table.
● If the voltage measured is positive then metal 2 is more reactive than metal 1.
● If the voltage measured is negative then metal 1 is more reactive than metal 2.
metal 2
beryllium cobalt nickel silver vanadium
beryllium 0.0 V –1.6 V –1.6 V not measured –0.7 V
cobalt 0.0 V 0.0 V –1.1 V 0.9 V
metal 1
nickel 0.0 V –1.1 V 0.9 V

silver 0.0 V 2.0 V
vanadium 0.0 V
● he more reactive metal is oxidised.

T
● The bigger the difference in reactivity of the metals, the larger the reading on the voltmeter.
(a) In a simple cell using nickel and silver, the nickel is oxidised.
(i) Define oxidation in terms of electrons.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Nickel forms ions with a charge of +2.
Write an ionic half-equation to show the oxidation of nickel.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What will happen to the mass of the nickel electrode when the nickel is oxidised?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

11
(b) Use the data in the table to answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the metals in the table is the most reactive?

Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State which two different metals have the same reactivity.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Predict the voltage produced by a simple cell with beryllium as metal 1 and silver as
metal 2.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Describe how the simple cell in the diagram can be used to show that magnesium is more
reactive than beryllium. Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]

12
6 Barium carbonate, BaCO3, is an insoluble solid.
(a) When barium carbonate is heated strongly, it undergoes thermal decomposition. One of the
products is barium oxide.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of barium carbonate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest the pH of the solution formed when barium oxide is added to water.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Barium nitrate decomposes on heating in the same way as magnesium nitrate decomposes.
Name the two gaseous products formed when barium nitrate is heated.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Aqueous sodium carbonate is added to aqueous barium nitrate.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of aqueous sodium carbonate with aqueous
barium nitrate.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Describe how a pure sample of barium carbonate could be obtained from the resulting
mixture.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

13
(c) Barium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
BaCO3 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + CO2 + H2O
9.85 g of barium carbonate were added to 250 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This is
an excess of hydrochloric acid.
(i) Calculate how many moles of barium carbonate were used in this experiment.
moles of barium carbonate = ............................ mol [2]
(ii) Deduce how many moles of carbon dioxide were made when all the barium carbonate had
reacted.
moles of carbon dioxide = ............................ mol [1]
(iii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed in (c)(ii) at room temperature and pressure,
in dm3.
volume of carbon dioxide = ............................ dm3 [1]
(iv) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid there were in excess.
excess moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................ mol [2]
[Total: 15]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/M/J/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/M/J/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*2711517754*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41
1 hour 15 minutes

IB18 06_0620_41/5RP
2
1 Substances can be classified as elements, compounds or mixtures.
(a) What is meant by the term compound ?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Mixtures can be separated by physical processes.
A sequence of physical processes can be used to separate common salt (sodium chloride)

from a mixture containing sand and common salt only.
Give the order and the correct scientific term for the physical processes used to separate the
common salt from the mixture.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
3 .................................................................................................................................................
[4]
The boiling points of four different alcohols, A, B, C and D, are shown.
alcohol A B C D
boiling point / °C 56 78 122 160
(c) A
student suggested that the apparatus shown could be used to separate the mixture of
alcohols.
fractionating column X
mixture of
hot water alcohols
A, B, C and D
electric heater
© UCLES 2018 0620/41/M/J/18

3
(i) Apparatus X needs to have cold water flowing through it.
● Draw an arrow on the diagram to show where the cold water enters apparatus X.
● Name apparatus X.
. ............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Part of the fractionating column is missing. This means that the experiment will not work.
● Draw on the diagram the part of the fractionating column which is missing.
● xplain why the experiment will not work with this part of the fractionating column
E
missing.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Suggest why a Bunsen burner is not used to heat the flask.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) A hot water bath cannot be used to separate alcohols C and D.
Explain why.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 13]

4
2 Flerovium, Fl, atomic number 114, was first made in research laboratories in 1998.
(a) F
lerovium was made by bombarding atoms of plutonium, Pu, atomic number 94, with atoms of
element Z.
●● The nucleus of one atom of plutonium combined with the nucleus of one atom of element Z.
●● his formed the nucleus of one atom of flerovium.
T
Suggest the identity of element Z.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) In which period of the Periodic Table is flerovium?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Predict the number of outer shell electrons in an atom of flerovium.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) T
wo isotopes of flerovium are 286Fl and 289Fl. The nuclei of both of these isotopes are unstable
and emit energy when they split up.
(i) State the term used to describe isotopes with unstable nuclei.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) C
omplete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atoms of
the isotopes shown.
isotope number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons

286
Fl
289
Fl
[2]
(e) O
nly a relatively small number of atoms of flerovium have been made in the laboratory and the
properties of flerovium have not yet been investigated.
It has been suggested that flerovium is a typical metal.
(i) Suggest two physical properties of flerovium.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Suggest one chemical property of flerovium oxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2018 0620/41/M/J/18

5
3 This question is about iron.
(a) T
hree of the raw materials added to a blast furnace used to extract iron from hematite are
coke, hematite and limestone.
Name one other raw material added to the blast furnace.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A series of reactions occurs in a blast furnace during the extraction of iron from hematite.
escribe these reactions.

D
Include:
●● one chemical equation for the reduction of hematite
●● one chemical equation for the formation of slag.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [5]
(c) The iron extracted from hematite using a blast furnace is impure.
Identify the main impurity in this iron and explain how it is removed in the steel‑making process.
main impurity ..............................................................................................................................
how it is removed .......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 9]

6
4 This question is about masses, volumes and moles.
(a) Which term is defined by the following statement?
The average mass of naturally occurring atoms of an element

on a scale where the 12C atom has a mass of exactly 12 units.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) B utane, C4H10, has a relative molecular mass of 58.

Potassium fluoride, KF, has a relative formula mass of 58.
xplain why the term relative molecular mass can be used for butane but cannot be used for
E
potassium fluoride.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A 0.095 g sample of gaseous element Y occupies 60.0 cm3 at room temperature and pressure.
●● Determine the number of moles of element Y in 60.0 cm3.
moles of element Y = ............................. mol
●● Calculate the relative molecular mass of element Y and hence suggest the identity of
element Y.
relative molecular mass = .............................
identity of element Y = .............................

[3]
© UCLES 2018 0620/41/M/J/18

7
(d) A 1.68 g sample of phosphorus was burned and formed 3.87 g of an oxide of phosphorus.
Calculate the empirical formula of this oxide of phosphorus.
empirical formula = ............................. [4]
(e) A nother oxide of phosphorus has the empirical formula P2O3.

One molecule of this oxide of phosphorus contains four atoms of phosphorus.
Calculate the mass of one mole of this oxide of phosphorus.
mass = ............................. g [2]
[Total: 12]

8
5 (a) T
he table gives some chemical properties of transition elements and their compounds, and of
Group I elements and their compounds.
chemical property transition elements Group I elements

ability to act as catalysts yes no
exist as coloured compounds yes no
(i) What is meant by the term catalyst?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Give one other chemical property shown by transition elements which is not shown by
Group I elements.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Give two physical properties shown by transition elements which are not shown by Group I
elements.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) T
he energy level diagram shows the energy profile for the reaction between zinc and dilute
sulfuric acid.
energy Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)
progress of reaction
(i) Complete the diagram by adding the formulae of the products. Include state symbols. [3]
(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent the activation energy. [1]
(iii) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2018 0620/41/M/J/18

9
(d) T
he reaction between zinc and dilute sulfuric acid can be catalysed by the addition of aqueous
copper(II) sulfate.
On the diagram, add the energy profile for the catalysed reaction.
energy Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)
[1]
(e) A student electrolyses aqueous copper(II) sulfate using the apparatus shown.
power supply
+ –
carbon electrodes
aqueous
copper(II) sulfate
Oxygen gas forms at the positive electrode (anode).
(i) W
rite an ionic half‑equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode). Include
state symbols.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Describe what the student observes at the negative electrode.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Give two other observations which the student makes during the electrolysis.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) W
hat difference would the student observe at the positive electrode if the aqueous
copper(II) sulfate were replaced by concentrated aqueous copper(II) chloride?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 18]

10
6 The table shows the structures of four hydrocarbons.
P Q R S
CH3–CH3 CH2=CH2 CH2=CH–CH3 CH2=CH–CH2–CH3
(a) Why are compounds P, Q, R and S known as hydrocarbons?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Compound P is saturated.
What is meant by the term saturated ?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Compound P undergoes a substitution reaction with chlorine.
(i) What is meant by the term substitution reaction?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State a condition required for this reaction to occur.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Compound R undergoes an addition reaction with bromine.
(i) Why is this reaction an addition reaction?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) A compound containing bromine is formed in this reaction.
Draw the structure of this compound. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[1]
© UCLES 2018 0620/41/M/J/18

11
(e) D
raw the structure of an unbranched isomer of compound S. Show all of the atoms and all of
the bonds. Name this unbranched isomer of compound S.
structure
name ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) Compound Q undergoes polymerisation.
(i) Name the polymer formed.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation to show the polymerisation of compound Q.
n CH2=CH2
[2]
(g) A
mino acids undergo polymerisation to form proteins. Part of a protein molecule with the
linkages missing is shown.
Draw the linkages on the diagram. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
H O
N C
[2]
(h) The structure shows an ester.
CH3 CH2 CH2 C
O CH2 CH3
Write the word equation for a reaction which could be used to make this ester.
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 19]
© UCLES 2018 0620/41/M/J/18

Group
© UCLES 2018
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/M/J/18
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*0107966450*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42


1 hour 15 minutes

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
IB18 06_0620_42/3RP
2
1 Give the name of the process that is used:
(a) to obtain water from aqueous sodium chloride
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) to produce lead from molten lead(II) bromide
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) to separate the components of petroleum
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) to separate a mixture of coloured dyes.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/M/J/18

3
2 This question is about the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
For each of the following, identify a Period 3 element which matches the description. Each element
may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which Period 3 element:
(a) forms an oxide with a macromolecular structure
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) is extracted from the ore bauxite
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) is soft, metallic and stored in oil
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) is a green gas at room temperature and pressure
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) provides an inert atmosphere in lamps
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) forms two different oxides during the Contact process
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g) is non‑metallic and an important component of fertilisers.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
3 Complete the following table.
number of number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons nucleons
11Na
23
11 11 23
................
17Cl
37 –
20
................ ................ ................
56
26.............
26 24 30 56
[6]
[Total: 6]

4
4 Potassium reacts with bromine at room temperature to form potassium bromide.
(a) Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) Potassium bromide exists as an ionic lattice.

Potassium bromide does not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct electricity when
molten.
(i) What is meant by the term ionic lattice?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain why potassium bromide does not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct
electricity when molten.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Concentrated aqueous potassium bromide is an electrolyte.
(i) What is meant by the term electrolyte?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Describe the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous potassium bromide.
Include:
●● an ionic half-equation for the reaction at the cathode
●● the name of the product at the anode
●● the name of the potassium compound formed.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [4]
(iii) When molten potassium bromide is electrolysed, the product at the cathode is different.
Name the product at the cathode when molten potassium bromide is electrolysed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/M/J/18

5
(d) Iodine reacts with chlorine to form iodine monochloride, ICl, as the only product.
(i)
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii)
Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
iodine monochloride. Show outer shell electrons only.
[2]
(e) Potassium bromide has a melting point of 734 °C.

Iodine monochloride has a melting point of 27 °C.
In terms of attractive forces, explain why there is a large difference between these melting
points.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(f) When chlorine gas is passed through aqueous potassium bromide, a redox reaction occurs.
The ionic equation is shown.
Cl 2 + 2Br – 2Cl – + Br2
(i) Write an ionic half-equation showing what happens to the chlorine molecules, Cl 2, in this
reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain why the bromide ions, Br –, act as reducing agents in this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 23]

6
5 Hydrogen and iodine react together in a reversible reaction. Hydrogen iodide is formed.
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)

colourless purple colourless
gas gas gas
A gas syringe containing an equilibrium mixture of hydrogen, iodine and hydrogen iodide gases
was sealed and heated to 250 °C. The equilibrium mixture was a pale purple colour.
equilibrium mixture of hydrogen,

iodine and hydrogen iodide
end blocked
(a) What is meant by the term equilibrium?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The plunger of the gas syringe was pressed in while the end of the gas syringe was blocked.
This increased the pressure. The position of the equilibrium did not change. The colour of the
gaseous mixture turned darker purple.
(i) Give a reason why the position of the equilibrium did not change.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest why the gaseous mixture turned darker purple, even though the position of the
equilibrium did not change.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) The temperature of the gas syringe was increased to 300 °C.
(i)
What happened to the position of the equilibrium when the temperature of the gas syringe
was increased from 250 °C to 300 °C?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What happened to the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the backward reaction
when the temperature of the gas syringe was increased from 250 °C to 300 °C?
rate of the forward reaction ..................................................................................................
rate of the backward reaction ..............................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/M/J/18

7
6 (a) All sodium salts are soluble in water. All nitrates are soluble in water. Barium carbonate is
insoluble in water.
Describe how you would make a pure, dry sample of barium carbonate by precipitation.
Include:
●● the names of the starting materials
●● full practical details
●● a chemical equation.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
(b) Nitrates decompose when heated.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the decomposition of sodium nitrate when it is heated.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) The unbalanced chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrated copper(II) nitrate
crystals is shown.
Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.
2Cu(NO3)2.3H2O(s) .....CuO(s) + ......NO2(g) + O2(g) + ......H2O(g)

[2]
(iii) When the hydrated copper(II) nitrate crystals are heated, steam is produced. When the
steam condenses on a cool surface, it turns into a colourless liquid.
Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride is used to show that the colourless liquid contains water.
How does the colour of the anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride change?
from ............................................................... to ................................................................

[2]
(iv) How would the student test to determine if the water produced in (b)(iii) is pure?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 12]

8
7 Many organic compounds, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters, contain the elements
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
(a) Compound R has the following composition by mass: C, 60.00%; H, 13.33%; O, 26.67%.
Calculate the empirical formula of compound R.
(b) Compound S has the empirical formula C2H4O and a relative molecular mass of 88.
Calculate the molecular formula of compound S.
molecular formula = .............................. [2]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/M/J/18

9
(c) Compounds T and V both have the molecular formula C3H6O2.
●● Compound T produces bubbles of carbon dioxide gas when it is added to aqueous

sodium carbonate.
●● Compound V is an ester.
(i) What is the name given to compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structures of compounds T and V. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
compound T
compound V
[2]
(iii) All compounds with the molecular formula C3H6O2 can undergo complete combustion in
an excess of oxygen.
Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
C3H6O2 + ........................ ........................ + ........................

[2]
(d) Compound W has the molecular formula C2H6O. Compound W reacts when heated with
ethanoic acid and a catalyst to produce a sweet‑smelling liquid.
(i) Give the name of the homologous series to which compound W belongs.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of compound W. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[1]

10
(e) Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State the general formula of:
alkanes ................................................................................................................................
alkenes ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) Ethanol can be produced from long‑chain alkanes as shown.
step 1 step 2
long‑chain alkane ethene ethanol
Describe the two‑stage manufacture of ethanol from the long‑chain alkane octane, C8H18.
Include:
●● the names of the types of chemical reactions that occur
●● reaction equations
●● reaction conditions.
step 1 .........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
step 2 .........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/M/J/18

11
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0620/42/M/J/18

Group
© UCLES 2018
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/M/J/18
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*6229193737*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43


1 hour 15 minutes

IB18 06_0620_43/4RP
2
1 The following are the symbols and formulae of some elements and compounds.
Ar Ca(OH)2 Cl 2 CO2 Cu Fe SO2 V2O5
Answer the following questions using only the elements or compounds in the list.
Each element or compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which element or compound is used:
(a) to kill bacteria in drinking water ............................................................................................ [1]
(b) as a food preservative .......................................................................................................... [1]
(c) as an electrical conductor in cables ...................................................................................... [1]
(d) as an inert atmosphere in lamps .......................................................................................... [1]
(e) to neutralise excess acidity in soil ........................................................................................ [1]
(f) as a catalyst in the Contact process. .................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

3
2 (a)
29
Al is a radioactive isotope of aluminium. The only non‑radioactive isotope of aluminium is
27
Al.
(i) Describe, in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, how the isotopes 29Al and 27Al are
similar and how they are different.
how they are similar .............................................................................................................
how they are different ..........................................................................................................

[2]
13Al
27
(ii) Complete the table to show the number of nucleons, neutrons and electrons in an 3+
ion.
13Al
number in 27 3+
nucleons
neutrons
electrons
[3]
(b) Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.
(i) Name the main ore of aluminium.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Why is aluminium not extracted from its ore by reduction with carbon?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) The main ore of aluminium contains aluminium oxide. Aluminium oxide is dissolved in
molten cryolite before it is electrolysed.
Give two reasons, other than cost, why cryolite is used.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

4
(iv) The reaction at the anode during the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis is shown.
2O2– O2 + 4e–
Is this process oxidation or reduction?

Give a reason for your answer.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) During the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, carbon dioxide is formed at the anode.
Explain how carbon dioxide is formed at the anode.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) When a piece of zinc metal is added to copper(II) sulfate solution there is an immediate
reaction.
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
When a piece of aluminium metal is added to copper(II) sulfate solution the initial reaction is
very slow.
(i) Explain why zinc metal reacts with copper(II) sulfate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What type of reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Explain why the initial reaction between aluminium metal and copper(II) sulfate is very
slow.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

5
3 Cobalt is a transition element. Potassium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.
(a) State one physical property that is similar for cobalt and potassium.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) State one physical property that is different for cobalt and potassium.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe how the physical property given in (b)(i) is different for cobalt compared to
potassium.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) W
hen a small piece of potassium is added to cold water, the potassium floats and disappears
as it reacts.
Give two other observations that would be made when a small piece of potassium is added to
cold water.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Cobalt reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make the salt cobalt(II) chloride. Bubbles of
hydrogen gas are produced.
(i) Describe a test for hydrogen.
test .......................................................................................................................................
result ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) The rate of reaction of cobalt with dilute hydrochloric acid can be made faster by heating
the acid or by increasing its concentration.
State one other way to make the rate of reaction faster.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Use collision theory to explain how heating the dilute hydrochloric acid makes the rate of
reaction faster.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]

6
(e) When cobalt(II) chloride is added to water an equilibrium is established.
[CoCl 4]2– + 6H2O [Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl –

blue pink
(i) A student adds water to a blue solution containing [CoCl 4]2– ions.
Describe what the student observes. Give a reason for your answer in terms of the position
of the equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Another student cools a blue solution containing [CoCl 4]2–. The blue solution turns pink.
What does this information indicate about the forward reaction?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(f) Another compound of cobalt is Co(OH)3.
Deduce the charge on the cobalt ion in Co(OH)3.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

7
4 Ethanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.
(a) Give two characteristics of members of a homologous series.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The structure of ethanol is shown.
H H
H C C O H
H H
Complete the dot‑and‑cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

ethanol. Show outer shell electrons only.
H H
H C C O H
H H
[2]
(c) Ethanol can be produced by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene or by the fermentation of
glucose.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the production of ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam
to ethene.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the production of ethanol by the fermentation of glucose,
C6H12O6.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) State one advantage of producing ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene.
Your answer must not refer to cost.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) State one advantage of producing ethanol by the fermentation of glucose.

Your answer must not refer to cost.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

8
(d) Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid.
State the chemical reagent needed to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The products are an
organic compound and water.
(i) Draw the structure of the organic compound formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.
[2]
(ii) State the name of the organic compound formed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Which homologous series does the organic compound formed belong to?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(f) Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, is a weak acid. It reacts with copper(II) carbonate to form the salt
copper(II) ethanoate, Cu(CH3COO)2.
(i) What is meant by the term weak when applied to acids?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe how a crystalline sample of copper(II) ethanoate can be prepared starting with
ethanoic acid and copper(II) carbonate.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(iii) Write the word equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and copper(II) carbonate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 18]
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

9
5 (a) Nickel(II) iodide crystals are hydrated. A sample of hydrated nickel(II) iodide crystals has the
following composition by mass: Ni, 14.01%; I, 60.33%; H, 2.85%; O, 22.81%.
Calculate the empirical formula of the hydrated nickel(II) iodide crystals.
(b) Molten nickel(II) iodide can be electrolysed using the apparatus shown.
power supply
copper wires
platinum
electrodes
molten
nickel(II) iodide
During electrolysis, charge is transferred through the copper wires and through the molten
nickel(II) iodide.
(i) Name the type of particles which transfer charge through the copper wires.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the type of particles which transfer charge through the molten nickel(II) iodide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
Predict the products of the electrolysis of molten nickel(II) iodide. Write an ionic

(iii)
half-equation for the formation of one of these products.
products................................................................................................................................
ionic half-equation ...............................................................................................................

[3]

10
(c) A student electrolysed copper(II) sulfate solution using the two sets of apparatus shown.
power supply power supply
carbon copper
electrodes electrodes
copper(II) sulfate copper(II) sulfate

solution solution
apparatus A apparatus B
In apparatus A the student used carbon electrodes.

In apparatus B the student used copper electrodes.
The student made the following observations.
apparatus A apparatus B
The mass of the negative electrode increased. The mass of the negative electrode increased.
The mass of the positive electrode stayed the same. The mass of the positive electrode decreased.
Bubbles were seen at the positive electrode. No bubbles were seen at the positive electrode.
(i) Explain why the mass of the negative electrode increased in both sets of apparatus.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the gas that formed the bubbles seen in apparatus A.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Explain why the mass of the positive electrode decreased in apparatus B.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

11
(iv) Suggest what happens to the colour of the solution in apparatus A and apparatus B as the
electrolysis progresses.
colour of the solution in apparatus A ...................................................................................
colour of the solution in apparatus B ...................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 13]

12
6 Calcium chlorate(V), Ca(Cl O3)2, is made by reacting calcium hydroxide with chlorine gas.
6Ca(OH)2 + 6Cl 2 Ca(Cl O3)2 + 5CaCl 2 + 6H2O
(a) 8.88 g of calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas are mixed together.
(i) How many moles is 8.88 g of calcium hydroxide?
.............................. mol [2]

(ii) How many moles of chlorine gas is 7200 cm ? 3
.............................. mol [1]
(iii) What is the maximum number of moles of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made from
8.88 g of calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas?
.............................. mol [1]
(iv) What is the maximum mass of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made from 8.88 g of
calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas?
.............................. g [2]
The experiment is repeated using different amounts of calcium hydroxide and chlorine gas.

The maximum mass of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made in the experiment is 4.84 g.
(v) The actual mass of calcium chlorate(V) made in the experiment is 3.63 g.
Calculate the percentage yield.
percentage yield = .............................. % [1]
(b) Calcium chlorate(V) undergoes thermal decomposition.
The only products are calcium chloride and a colourless gas.
(i) What must be done to calcium chlorate(V) to make it thermally decompose?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium chlorate(V).
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

13
(c) Chloric(V) acid, HCl O3, is a strong acid. It can be made from calcium chlorate(V).
(i) What colour is methyl orange indicator in chloric(V) acid?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Define the term acid in terms of proton transfer.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Complete the chemical equation to show HCl O3 behaving as an acid in water.
HCl O3 + H2O ....................... + .......................

[1]
[Total: 13]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0620/43/M/J/18

Group
© UCLES 2018
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/M/J/18
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*1251990751*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41
1 hour 15 minutes

IB19 06_0620_41/3RP
2
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

3
1 This question is about the structures of atoms and ions.
(a) Define the term proton number.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) (i) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in
24
atoms of 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg.

12Mg
24
12Mg
26
[2]
24
(ii) What term is used to describe atoms of the same element, such as 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
24
(iii) Explain why the chemical properties of 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg are the same.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons,
neutrons and electrons.

11Na
23 +
11 12 10
4 5 4
17 20 18
[4]
(d) State the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.
Al ................................
S2– ...............................
[2]
[Total: 13]

4
2
Z is a covalent substance. In an experiment, a sample of pure solid Z was continually heated for
11 minutes.
The graph shows how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed during the first 9 minutes.
240
220
200
180
160
140
temperature
/ °C 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / minutes
(a) What is the melting point of pure Z?
.............................. °C [1]
(b) The sample of pure Z began to boil at 9 minutes. It was boiled for 2 minutes.
Use this information to sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed
between 9 minutes and 11 minutes. [1]
(c) The sample of pure Z was continually heated between 2 minutes and 5 minutes.
Explain, in terms of attractive forces, why there was no increase in the temperature of the
sample of pure Z between 2 minutes and 5 minutes.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

5
(d) Describe how the motion of particles of pure Z changed from 0 minutes to 2 minutes.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) The experiment was repeated using a solid sample of impure Z.
Suggest the differences, if any, in the melting point and boiling point of the sample of impure Z
compared to the sample of pure Z.
melting point ...............................................................................................................................
boiling point ................................................................................................................................

[2]
(f) A sample of pure Z was allowed to cool from 120 °C to 20 °C. The total time taken was 8 minutes.
Starting from point ×, sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed
between 0 minutes and 8 minutes.
200
180
160
140
120
temperature
/ °C 100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / minutes
[2]
[Total: 10]

6
3 Zinc and copper are elements next to each other in the Periodic Table.
(a) Zinc is obtained from zinc blende in a two-step process.
●● In step 1, zinc blende is converted into zinc oxide.
●● In step 2, zinc oxide is converted into zinc in a blast furnace.
Outline how each of these steps are done.
In your answer:

●● give one chemical equation for each step
●● describe how zinc is removed from the blast furnace in step 2.
step 1 .........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
chemical equation .......................................................................................................................
step 2 .........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
chemical equation .......................................................................................................................
removal of zinc in step 2 ............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[5]
(b) Name the alloy formed when zinc is mixed with copper.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Copper is a transition element. It can have variable oxidation states.
State two other chemical properties of transition elements which make them different from
Group I elements.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

7
(d) A compound of copper can be used to test for water.
(i) State the full name of this compound of copper.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the colour change that occurs when water is added to this compound of copper.
from .............................................................. to .................................................................

[2]
(e) Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulfate to produce iodine.
(i) Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.
KI + CuSO4 CuI + I2 + K2SO4

[2]
(ii) Deduce the charge on the copper ion in CuI.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) In terms of electron transfer, explain why copper is reduced in this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Identify the reducing agent.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 16]

8
4
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid and hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.
Both ethanoic acid and hydrochloric acid dissociate in aqueous solution.
(a) (i) Define the term acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii)
The chemical equation shows the changes which occur when the strong acid,
hydrochloric acid, is added to water.
HCl (aq) H+(aq) + Cl –(aq)
Complete the chemical equation to show the changes which occur when the weak acid,
ethanoic acid, is added to water.
CH3COOH(aq) ............................................................................................................... [2]
(b) A student does experiments to show that hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is
a weak acid. The student adds an excess of hydrochloric acid and an excess of ethanoic acid
to separate samples of lumps of calcium carbonate.
Only the identity of the acid is changed between the experiments. All other conditions are kept
the same.
(i) State two observations which would show that hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than
ethanoic acid.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) The student uses the same size container and checks that the pressure is the same for
each experiment.
State three other conditions which must be kept the same to ensure fair testing.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
3 ...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

9
(c) Hydrochloric acid produces salts called chlorides.
Magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride.
MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl 2 + H2O + CO2
A student used 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid in an experiment to produce

magnesium chloride.
Calculate the mass, in g, of magnesium carbonate needed to react exactly with 50.00 cm3 of
2.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid using the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of HCl present in 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 HCl.
.............................. mol
●● etermine the number of moles of MgCO3 which would react with 50.00
D cm3 of
2.00 mol / dm HCl.
3
.............................. mol
●● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of MgCO3.
Mr of MgCO3 = ..............................
●● Calculate the mass of MgCO3 needed to react exactly with 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 HCl.
mass = .............................. g
[4]

10
(d)
A student prepares crystals of magnesium chloride by adding an excess of
magnesium carbonate to 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.
The student filters the mixture and rinses the residue.
(i) Why does the student add an excess of magnesium carbonate?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Why does the student rinse the residue?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Describe how the student would obtain pure crystals of magnesium chloride from the
filtrate.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(e) Silver chloride, AgCl, is insoluble. It can be made by a precipitation reaction between aqueous
barium chloride and a suitable aqueous silver salt.
(i) What is meant by the term precipitate?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Name a suitable silver salt to use to prepare silver chloride.

Complete the chemical equation to show the formation of insoluble silver chloride from
aqueous barium chloride and the silver salt you have named.
name of a suitable silver salt ...............................................................................................
BaCl 2 + ..................... ..................... + .....................

[3]
[Total: 22]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

11
5 The structures of five alkenes, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
A B C
H H H CH3 H CH2CH3
C C C C C C
H H H H H H
D E
H CH2CH2CH3 H CH2CH2CH2CH3
C C C C
H H H H
(a) What is the general formula of alkenes?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) What is the molecular formula of alkene D?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Predict which alkene, A, B, C, D or E, has the highest boiling point.

alkene .............................
explanation .................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Which alkene, A, B, C, D or E, diffuses most quickly?

alkene .............................
explanation .................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

12
(e) A student added aqueous bromine to alkene C.
C
H CH2CH3
C C
H H
Describe the colour change seen and draw the structure of the product. Show all of the atoms
and all of the bonds.
colour change from ........................................................ to ......................................................
structure
[2]
(f) Two different alcohols can be produced from alkene B by an addition reaction.
B
H CH3
C C
H H
(i) Draw the structures of the two alcohols. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
(ii) State the reagent and conditions needed to produce an alcohol from alkene B.
reagent ................................................................................................................................
conditions ............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

13
(g) Alkene C can be converted into a polymer.
C
H CH2CH3
C C
H H
(i) What type of polymerisation occurs?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest the name of the polymer formed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Complete the chemical equation to show this polymerisation.
H CH2CH3
n C C
H H
[3]
(iv) State the empirical formula of the polymer formed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 19]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/M/J/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/M/J/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*8057635515*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42
1 hour 15 minutes

IB19 06_0620_42/3RP
2
1 The names of eight substances are given.
aluminium oxide calcium oxide ethanol nitrogen
iron(III) oxide methane oxygen silicon(IV) oxide
Answer the following questions about these substances.

Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which substance is:
(a) the main constituent of natural gas
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) a reactant in respiration
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) the main constituent of bauxite
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) a product of photosynthesis
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) a greenhouse gas
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) a macromolecular solid.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

3
11Na, 11Na and 11Na are isotopes of sodium.

22 23 24
2 (a)
(i) Describe how these sodium isotopes are the same and how they are different in terms of
the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each.
same ....................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
different ................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Why do all three isotopes have an overall charge of zero?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Why do all three isotopes have the same chemical properties?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iv) Why do sodium ions have a charge of +1?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Carbon is an element which exists in different forms.
(i) Name two forms of the element carbon that have giant covalent structures.
............................................................... and ............................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the oxide of carbon that is a toxic gas.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 9]

4
3 This question is about phosphorus and compounds of phosphorus.
(a) Phosphorus has the formula P4. Some properties of P4 are shown.
melting point / °C 45
boiling point / °C 280
electrical conductivity non-conductor
solubility in water insoluble
(i) Name the type of bonding that exists between the atoms in a P4 molecule.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why P4 has a low melting point.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Explain why phosphorus is a non-conductor of electricity.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
Phosphorus, P4, reacts with air to produce phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10.

(b)
(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) What type of chemical reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10, is an acidic oxide.
Phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10, reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a salt containing
the phosphate ion, PO43–. Water is the only other product.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between phosphorus(V) oxide and aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

5
(d) Phosphine has the formula PH3.

phosphine. Show outer shell electrons only.
H P H
[2]
(e) Phosphine, PH3, has a similar chemical structure to ammonia, NH3.
Ammonia acts as a base when it reacts with sulfuric acid.
(i) What is meant by the term base?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulfuric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 13]

6
4 Methanol is made industrially by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen. The gases react at a
temperature of 250 °C and a pressure of 75 atmospheres.
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
(a) Suggest a source of hydrogen for this industrial process.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Complete the table using only the words increases, decreases or no change.
effect on the rate effect on the equilibrium

of the reverse reaction yield of CH3OH(g)
adding a catalyst no change
increasing the temperature increases
decreasing the pressure

[4]
(c) Methanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.
(i) State two general characteristics of a homologous series.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Draw the structures of two different alcohols, each containing three carbon atoms. Show
all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
Name these two alcohols.
name ...................................................... name ......................................................
[4]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

7
(iii) What term is used to describe compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structural formulae?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to produce esters.
(i) The structure of ester X is shown.
O
H C H H
O C C H
H H
Name ester X.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Give the name of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol that react together to produce ester X.
carboxylic acid .....................................................................................................................
alcohol .................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Ester Y is different from ester X but also has the formula C3H6O2.
Draw the structure of ester Y. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 17]

8
5 Copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4.5H2O, are hydrated.
Copper(II) sulfate crystals are made by reacting copper(II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.
The equation for the overall process is shown.
CuCO3 + H2SO4 + 4H2O CuSO4.5H2O + CO2
step 1 Powdered solid copper(II) carbonate is added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid

until the copper(II) carbonate is in excess.
step 2 The excess of copper(II) carbonate is separated from the aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
step 3 The aqueous copper(II) sulfate is heated until the solution is saturated.
step 4 The solution is allowed to cool and crystallise.
step 5 The crystals are removed and dried.
Calculate the maximum mass of the copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4.5H2O, that can form
(a)
using the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of H2SO4 in 50.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol / dm3 H2SO4.
.............................. mol
●● Determine the number of moles of CuSO4.5H2O that can form.
.............................. mol
●● The Mr of CuSO4.5H2O is 250.
Calculate the maximum mass of CuSO4.5H2O that can form.
.............................. g
[3]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

9
(b) Steps 1–5 were done correctly but the mass of crystals obtained was less than the maximum
mass.
Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) State two observations that would indicate that the copper(II) carbonate is in excess in step 1.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) When the reaction in step 1 is done using lumps of copper(II) carbonate instead of powder,
the rate of reaction decreases. All other conditions are kept the same.
Give a reason for this. Explain your answer in terms of particles.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Name a different substance, other than copper(II) carbonate, that could be added to dilute
sulfuric acid to produce copper(II) sulfate in step 1.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
Name the process used to separate the aqueous copper(II) sulfate from the excess of
(f)
copper(II) carbonate in step 2.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
The solution of aqueous copper(II) sulfate was heated until it was saturated in step 3.
(g)
(i) Suggest what is meant by the term saturated solution.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) What evidence would show that the solution was saturated in step 3?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Why should the aqueous copper(II) sulfate not be heated to dryness in step 3?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 14]

10
6 The halogens are the elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
(a) Predict the physical state and colour of astatine at room temperature and pressure.
physical state ..............................................................................................................................
colour ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) When chlorine reacts with aqueous potassium bromide a displacement reaction occurs.
(i) Describe the colour change of the solution.
from .............................................................. to .................................................................

[2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Reactions occur when some aqueous solutions of halogens are added to aqueous solutions of
halides.
Use the key to complete the table to show the results of adding halogens to halides.
key
= reaction
= no reaction
halides
KCl (aq) KBr(aq) KI(aq)
Cl 2(aq) 
halogens
Br2(aq)
I2(aq)
[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

11
7 (a) Displacement reactions occur between metals and metal ions.
Displacement reactions can be used to determine the order of reactivity of metals such as
lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and silver (Ag).
The ionic equation for a displacement reaction is shown.
Ni(s) + Pb2+(aq) Pb(s) + Ni2+(aq)
The ionic half-equations for this reaction are shown.
Ni(s) Ni2+(aq) + 2e–
Pb2+(aq) + 2e– Pb(s)
The ionic half-equations show that electrons are donated by nickel atoms and accepted by
lead ions.
(i) Identify the reducing agent in the displacement reaction. Give a reason for your answer.
reducing agent......................................................................................................................
reason...................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) What is the general term given to the type of reaction in which electrons are transferred
from one species to another?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The ionic equation for another displacement reaction is shown.
Pb(s) + 2Ag+(aq) 2Ag(s) + Pb2+(aq)
Write the two ionic half-equations for this reaction.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Use the information in (a) and (b) to put the three metals lead, nickel and silver in order of
reactivity.
most reactive
least reactive
[1]

12
(d) Nickel is a transition element. Nickel is stronger than sodium.
Describe two other differences in the physical properties of nickel and sodium.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) Predict one difference in the appearance of aqueous solutions of nickel compounds compared
to aqueous solutions of sodium compounds.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) Copper is refined (purified) by electrolysis. Nickel can be refined using a similar method.
(i) The diagram shows the refining of nickel by electrolysis.
Complete the labels in the boxes.
power
supply
+ –
anode made of cathode made of
.......................................... ..........................................
electrolyte of
..........................................
[3]
(ii) Indicate, by writing N on the diagram, where nickel is produced. [1]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

13
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© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

14
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© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/M/J/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*5201718844*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43
1 hour 15 minutes

IB19 06_0620_43/4RP
2
1 Atoms contain particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.
(a) Complete the table.
where the particle

particle relative mass relative charge
is found in an atom
1
orbiting the nucleus 1840
+1
in the nucleus
[3]
(b) How many electrons, neutrons and protons are there in the ion shown?
20Ca
44 2+
number of electrons .................................................
number of neutrons .................................................
number of protons ...................................................

[3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

3
24
2 Magnesium exists as three isotopes, 12 Mg, 12
25
Mg and 12
26
Mg.
(a) State, in terms of the total numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons, one difference and
two similarities between these magnesium isotopes.
difference ....................................................................................................................................
similarity 1 ...................................................................................................................................
similarity 2 ...................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) All isotopes of magnesium react with dilute hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen and a salt.
(i) Why do all isotopes of magnesium react in the same way?
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Describe a test for hydrogen.
test .......................................................................................................................................
result ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Magnesium is a metal.
Describe the structure and bonding of metals. Include a labelled diagram in your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[3]

4
(d) Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form the ionic compound magnesium oxide.
(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic structures of the ions in
magnesium oxide. Show the charges on the ions.
........ ........
Mg O
[3]
(ii) Magnesium oxide melts at 2853 °C.
Why does magnesium oxide have a high melting point?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Explain why molten magnesium oxide can conduct electricity.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

5
3 (a) (i)
Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.
Describe two physical properties of sodium which are different from the physical properties
of transition elements such as copper.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Sodium reacts rapidly with water.
Give one observation made when sodium is added to water.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Some car airbags contain sodium azide.

When a car airbag is used the sodium azide, NaN3, decomposes.
The products are nitrogen and sodium.
The equation for the decomposition of sodium azide is shown.
2NaN3(s) 2Na(l) + 3N2(g)
Calculate the mass, in g, of sodium azide needed to produce 144 dm3 of nitrogen using the
following steps.
●● alculate the number of moles in 144 dm3 of N2 measured at room temperature and

C
pressure.
moles of N2 = .............................. mol
●● Determine the number of moles of NaN3 needed to produce this number of moles of N2.
moles of NaN3 = .............................. mol
●● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of NaN3.
Mr = ..............................
●● Calculate the mass of NaN3 needed to produce 144 dm3 of N2.
.............................. g
[4]

6
(c) Some airbags contain silicon(IV) oxide.

When the airbag is used sodium oxide is formed.
Oxides can be classified as acidic, amphoteric, basic or neutral.
Classify each of these oxides:
sodium oxide ..............................................................................................................................
silicon(IV) oxide. ........................................................................................................................

[2]
(d) Lead(II) azide is insoluble in water. Solid lead(II) azide can be made in a precipitation reaction
between aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous sodium azide.
Lead(II) azide has the formula Pb(N3)2.
(i) Deduce the formula of the azide ion.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation for the reaction between aqueous lead(II) nitrate and
aqueous sodium azide to form solid lead(II) azide and aqueous sodium nitrate. Include
state symbols.
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + ....... NaN3(aq) Pb(N3)2(.....) + ....... ....................(.....)

[2]
(iii) Describe how you could obtain a sample of lead(II) azide that is not contaminated with
any soluble salts from the reaction mixture.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(e) An organic compound made from sodium azide has the composition by mass: 49.5% carbon,
7.2% hydrogen and 43.3% nitrogen.
Calculate the empirical formula of the organic compound.
[3]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

7

8
4 Solutions of ionic compounds can be broken down by electrolysis.
(a) Concentrated aqueous copper(II) chloride was electrolysed using the apparatus shown.
power
supply
– +
cathode made anode made

of platinum of platinum
concentrated aqueous
copper(II) chloride
The ionic half-equations for the reactions at the electrodes are shown.
negative electrode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e– Cu(s)
positive electrode: 2Cl –(aq) Cl 2(g) + 2e–
(i) Platinum is a solid which is a good conductor of electricity.
State one other property of platinum which makes it suitable for use as electrodes.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State what would be seen at the positive electrode during this electrolysis.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) State and explain what would happen to the mass of the negative electrode during this
electrolysis.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

9
(iv) The concentrated aqueous copper(II) chloride electrolyte is green.
Suggest what would happen to the colour of the electrolyte during this electrolysis.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(v) Identify the species that is oxidised during this electrolysis.

species that is oxidised ........................................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Metal objects can be electroplated with silver.
(i) Describe how a metal spoon can be electroplated with silver.

Include:
● what to use as the positive electrode and as the negative electrode
● what to use as the electrolyte
● an ionic half-equation to show the formation of silver.
You may include a diagram in your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
ionic half-equation ...............................................................................................................

[4]
(ii) Give one reason why metal spoons are electroplated with silver.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 13]

10
5 Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters. The reaction is reversible.
The equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol is shown.
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
(a) (i) What is the name of the ester formed in this reaction?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of the ester formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[1]
(b) The reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol is exothermic.
Draw an energy level diagram for this reaction.
On your diagram label:

●● the reactants and products
●● the energy change of the reaction, ∆H.
energy
[3]
(c) Concentrated sulfuric acid is a catalyst for this reaction.
What is meant by the term catalyst ?
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

11
(d) The rate of reaction can be increased by increasing the temperature.
Explain why increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
(e) The reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol reaches equilibrium.
(i) The reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol is exothermic.
State and explain the effect, if any, of increasing the temperature on the amount of ester
at equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State and explain the effect, if any, of removing water from the mixture on the amount of
ester at equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 15]

12
6 (a) Two hydrocarbons have the structures shown.
hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon B
H H
H H H H H C H
H C C H
H C C C C C H
C C
H H H H H H
H H
(i) Why are these two compounds hydrocarbons?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Hydrocarbon B reacts in the same way as a typical alkane.
Describe a chemical test to tell the difference between hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B.
State the name of the reagent you would use and the result you would obtain with
hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B.
reagent ................................................................................................................................
result with hydrocarbon A ....................................................................................................
result with hydrocarbon B ....................................................................................................

[3]
(b) Alkenes react with steam to form alcohols.

Compound C is an alcohol.
compound C
H H H H
H C C C C O H
H H H H
Draw the structure of the alkene which could be reacted with steam to make compound C.
[1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

13
(c) Alkenes can form polymers.
(i) What type of polymerisation occurs when alkenes form polymers?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Part of the structure of a polymer is shown.
CH3 H CH3 H CH3 H
C C C C C C
H CH3 H CH3 H CH3
Draw the structure of the alkene from which this polymer can be made. Show all of the
atoms and all of the bonds.
[1]
(iii) Polymers can undergo incomplete combustion to form carbon monoxide.
Complete the chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of poly(ethene). The only
carbon‑containing product is carbon monoxide.
H H
C C + ..........O2 .................... + 2n H2O
H H n
[2]
(d) Part of the structure of a polyamide is shown.
H H H
C N C N C N
O O O
This polyamide is formed from identical monomers. Complete the diagram to show the structure
of one monomer. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
[Total: 12]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/M/J/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/M/J/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge IGCSE™
*2337870270*
CHEMISTRY0620/41
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
●● Answer all questions.
●● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
●● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
●● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
●● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
●● Do not write on any bar codes.
●● You may use a calculator.
●● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
●● The total mark for this paper is 80.
●● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
●● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
IB20 06_0620_41/5RP
2
1 This question is about elements X, Y and Z.
34
(a) An atom of element X is represented as 16 X.
(i) Name the different types of particles found in the nucleus of this atom of X.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) What is the term for the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
34
(iii) What is the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom of 16 X?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) What is the electronic structure of the ion X2–?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Suggest the formula of the compound formed between aluminium and X.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) (i) What term is used to describe atoms of the same element with different numbers of
particles in the nucleus?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Identify the atom against which the relative masses of all other atoms are compared.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What is the name of the amount of any substance that contains 6.02 × 1023 particles?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) The constant 6.02 × 1023 has a name.
What is the name of this constant?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

3
(c) P
art of the definition of relative atomic mass is ‘the average mass of naturally occurring atoms
of an element’.
Some relative atomic masses are not whole numbers.
Element Y has only two different types of atom, 69Y and 71Y.
The ratio of atoms present in element Y is shown.
69
Y : 71Y = 3 : 2
●● Calculate the relative atomic mass of element Y to one decimal place.
relative atomic mass = ..............................
●● Identify element Y.
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(d) Element Z is in Period 3 and Group V.
(i) Identify element Z.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain in terms of electron transfer why Z behaves chemically as a non-metal.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 16]

4
2 Magnesium is a metal.
(a) Name and describe the bonding in magnesium.
name ...........................................................................................................................................
description of bonding ................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(b) Magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen.
(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in
magnesium oxide.
The inner shells have been drawn.
Give the charges on the ions.
......... .........
Mg O
[3]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when magnesium burns in oxygen.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Magnesium oxide also forms when magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2, is heated strongly. This is an
endothermic reaction.
(i) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) What type of reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name two other compounds of magnesium that form magnesium oxide when heated.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

5
3 Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
(a) In the first stage of the process, sulfur dioxide is obtained from sulfur-containing ores.
Name one of these ores.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The next stage of the process is a reaction which can reach equilibrium.
The equation for this stage is shown.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
(i) Describe two features of an equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Name the catalyst used in this stage.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Why is a catalyst used?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why a high temperature increases the rate of this reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(v) In this stage, only a moderate temperature of 450 °C is used.
What does this suggest about the forward reaction?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Calculate the percentage by mass of sulfur in sulfur trioxide, SO3.
percentage = .............................. [2]

6
(c) Concentrated sulfuric acid is a dehydrating agent which can chemically remove water from
substances.
Both hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals and sucrose (a sugar), C12H22O11, can be completely
dehydrated by concentrated sulfuric acid.
Name the solid product formed in each case.
hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals ............................................................................................
sucrose .......................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) When propan-1-ol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst an unsaturated

hydrocarbon of relative molecular mass 42 is formed and one other product.
(i) What is meant by the term unsaturated ?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Name the unsaturated hydrocarbon formed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

7
4 This question is about reactions of bases and acids.
(a) Ammonia is a gas at room temperature.
What is the test for ammonia gas? Describe the positive result of this test.
test ..............................................................................................................................................
result ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Ammonia reacts with water to form ions.
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH–
(i) How does this equation show that ammonia, NH3, behaves as a base?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Aqueous ammonia is described as a weak base.
Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia.
pH = .............................. [1]
(iii) Describe what is seen when aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate,
until no further change is seen.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]

8
(c) Aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), is a strong alkali that reacts with dilute sulfuric acid
exothermically.
(i) What type of reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Complete the equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and dilute
sulfuric acid.
2NaOH + H2SO4 → ......................... + .........................

[2]
(d) A
student wanted to find the concentration of some dilute sulfuric acid by titration. The student
found that 25.0 cm3 of 0.0400 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq) reacted exactly with 20.0 cm3 of H2SO4(aq).
(i) Name a suitable indicator to use in this titration.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the concentration of the H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm3 using the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm3.
moles = ..............................
●● Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that reacted with the 25.0 cm3 of NaOH(aq).
moles = ..............................
●● Calculate the concentration of H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm3.
concentration = .............................. mol / dm3

[3]
(iii) Calculate the concentration of the 0.0400 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq) in g / dm3.
concentration = .............................. g / dm3 [2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

9
5 Ethanol is manufactured by two different processes.
(a) For each process, name the organic reactant and state the type of reaction.
organic reactant ............................................... type of reaction ...............................................
organic reactant ............................................... type of reaction ...............................................

[4]
(b) Alcohols can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids.
Name a suitable oxidising agent for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Alcohols can be partially oxidised to form aldehydes.
Aldehydes are a homologous series of organic compounds.
Partial oxidation is achieved by reacting an alcohol with the oxidising agent in distillation
apparatus as shown.
thermometer
round-bottomed
flask
distillate
heat
(i) Name apparatus A.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) On the diagram, use one arrow to show where water enters apparatus A.[1]

10
(d) The table shows some information about aldehydes.
(i) Complete the table.
name ethanal propanal butanal

....................
molecular formula CH2O C 2H 4O C 3 H 6O

....................
[2]
(ii) Deduce the general formula of aldehydes.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(e) The structural formula of ethanal is shown.
H O
H C C
H H
The C=O group in aldehydes is at the end of the carbon chain.

This is a reactive part of the molecule.
(i) What is the name given to the reactive part of any organic molecule?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of a molecule of
ethanal. Inner shells have been drawn.
H O
H C C
H
H
[3]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

11
(f) Propanone belongs to a homologous series called ketones. Ketones have the same C=O
group as aldehydes but the C=O group is not at the end of the carbon chain. Propanone has
the same molecular formula as propanal, C3H6O.
(i) What term is used to describe molecules with different structures but with the same
molecular formula?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest the structure of propanone, C3H6O. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

Group
© UCLES 2020
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/M/J/20
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge IGCSE™
*7336615318*
CHEMISTRY0620/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
IB20 06_0620_42/4RP
2
1 (a) Give the name of the process that:
(i) occurs when a gas turns into a liquid
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) occurs when a solid turns into a gas without first forming a liquid
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) is used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) is used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) is used to separate a mixture of amino acids.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The symbols of the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.
Li Be B C N O F Ne
For each of the following, give the symbol of an element from Period 2 which matches the
description.
Which element:
(i) combines with hydrogen to produce ammonia
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) makes up approximately 21% of clean, dry air
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) has atoms with only two electrons in the outer shell
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) has atoms with only seven protons
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) is a monoatomic gas
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) is a soft metal stored in oil?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

3
2 Fluorine forms both ionic and covalent compounds.
(a) Magnesium reacts with fluorine to form the ionic compound magnesium fluoride.
The electronic structures of an atom of magnesium and an atom of fluorine are shown.
Mg F
(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic structures of one magnesium
ion and one fluoride ion. Show the charges on the ions.
......... .........
Mg F
[3]
(ii) What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Magnesium fluoride does not conduct electricity when it is solid.
What can be done to solid magnesium fluoride to make it conduct electricity?
In your answer explain why magnesium fluoride conducts electricity when this change is
made.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

4
(b) C
arbonyl fluoride, COF2, is a covalent compound. The structure of a molecule of COF2 is
shown.
F F
C

carbonyl fluoride. Show outer shell electrons only.
F F
[3]
(c) The melting points of magnesium fluoride and carbonyl fluoride are shown.
melting point / °C
magnesium fluoride 1263
carbonyl fluoride –111
(i) E
xplain, using your knowledge of structure and bonding, why magnesium fluoride has a
high melting point.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) E
xplain, using your knowledge of structure and bonding, why carbonyl fluoride has a low
melting point.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

5
3 (a) Sulfuric acid is made from sulfur in a four-stage process.
stage 1 Sulfur is converted into sulfur dioxide.
stage 2 Sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfur trioxide.
stage 3 Sulfur trioxide is converted into oleum.
stage 4 Oleum is converted into sulfuric acid.
(i) How is sulfur converted into sulfur dioxide in stage 1?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe how sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfur trioxide in stage 2.
Your answer should include:
●● n equation for the reaction

a
●● the temperature used
●● the name of the catalyst used.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(iii) The reaction in stage 2 can reach equilibrium.
What is meant by the term equilibrium?
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Sulfur trioxide is converted into oleum, H2S2O7, in stage 3.
What is sulfur trioxide reacted with to convert it into oleum?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Oleum is converted into sulfuric acid in stage 4.
Write a chemical equation for the conversion of oleum, H2S2O7, into sulfuric acid.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]

6
(d) When copper is reacted with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide gas is formed.
Cu + .......H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + .......H2O [1]
(e) Sulfur dioxide is a reducing agent.
ive the colour change that occurs when excess sulfur dioxide is bubbled into acidified aqueous
G
potassium manganate(VII).
starting colour of the solution ......................................................................................................
final colour of the solution ...........................................................................................................

[1]
(f) When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia the salt produced is ammonium sulfate.
Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(g) Barium sulfate is an insoluble salt.
Barium sulfate can be made from aqueous ammonium sulfate using a precipitation reaction.
(i) Name a solution that can be added to aqueous ammonium sulfate to produce a precipitate
of barium sulfate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write an ionic equation for this precipitation reaction. Include state symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

7
4 Oxygen is produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Manganese(IV) oxide is the

catalyst for this reaction.
(a) What is meant by the term catalyst ?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b)
A student measures the volume of oxygen produced at regular time intervals using the
apparatus shown. Large lumps of manganese(IV) oxide are used.
gas syringe
manganese(IV) oxide
aqueous hydrogen peroxide
catalyst
A graph of the results is shown.
volume
of oxygen
produced
/ cm3
0
0 time / s
What happens to the rate of this reaction as time increases?

In your answer, explain why the rate changes in this way.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
The experiment is repeated using the same mass of manganese(IV) oxide. Powdered

(c)
manganese(IV) oxide is used instead of large lumps. All other conditions stay the same.
Sketch a graph on the axes in (b) to show how the volume of oxygen changes with time. [2]

8
(d) In terms of particles, explain what happens to the rate of this reaction when the temperature is
increased.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(e) The equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown.
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
25.0 cm3 of aqueous hydrogen peroxide forms 48.0 cm3 of oxygen at room temperature and
pressure (r.t.p.).
Calculate the concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the start of the experiment using
the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of oxygen formed.
.............................. mol
●● Deduce the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide that decomposed.
.............................. mol
●● Calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm3.
.............................. mol / dm3
[3]
(f) Oxygen can also be produced by the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V), KCl O3.
The only products of this decomposition are potassium chloride and oxygen.
Write a chemical equation for this decomposition.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

9
5
Electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using inert electrodes forms chlorine,
hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
(a) What is meant by the term electrolysis?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Name a substance that can be used as the inert electrodes.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Write an ionic half-equation for the formation of hydrogen during this electrolysis.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Give the formulae of the four ions present in concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Explain how sodium hydroxide is formed during this electrolysis.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

10
6 (a) Propane reacts with chlorine in a photochemical reaction as shown.
C3H8 + Cl 2 → C3H7Cl + HCl
(i) What type of reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What condition is needed for this photochemical reaction to occur?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Draw two structural isomers of compounds with the formula C3H7Cl.
[2]
(b) Propene reacts with chlorine in an addition reaction as shown.
C3H6 + Cl 2 → C3H6Cl 2
(i) State why this is an addition reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

11
(ii) The structures of the reactants and products of this reaction are shown.
H H H H H H
H C C C H + Cl Cl → H C C C H
H H Cl Cl
Some bond energies are shown in the table.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
C–C 347
C=C 612
C–H 413
C–Cl 339
Cl –Cl 242
Calculate the energy change for the reaction between propene and chlorine using the
following steps.
●● Calculate the energy needed to break the bonds.
.............................. kJ
●● Calculate the energy released when bonds are formed.
.............................. kJ
●● Calculate the energy change for the reaction between propene and chlorine.
.............................. kJ / mol
[3]

12
(c) There are three functional groups in compound A.
compound A
COOH CH2OH
C C
H H
(i) Name the homologous series of compounds that contains the following structures.
C=C .....................................................................................................................................
–OH .....................................................................................................................................
–COOH ................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) What would you observe when compound A is added to:
aqueous bromine .................................................................................................................
aqueous sodium carbonate? ...............................................................................................

[2]
(d) Compound A can be used as a single monomer to produce two different polymers.
(i) Draw one repeat unit of the addition polymer formed from compound A.
[2]
(ii) What type of condensation polymer is formed from compound A?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

13
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20

Group
© UCLES 2020
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/M/J/20
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge IGCSE™
*6591584314*
CHEMISTRY0620/43
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
IB20 06_0620_43/5RP
2
1 (a) The structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
nswer the questions that follow.

A
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
A B C
H
H H H O H H H H
H C
H C C C C H C C C H H
C C
H H H O H H H H H H
D E
H H H H H O
H C C C O H H C C C
H H H H H O H
(i) Give the letter of the compound that is propan-1-ol.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give the letter of the compound that has the empirical formula CH2.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Give the letter of one compound that reacts with bromine in an addition reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Give the letter of one compound that reacts with chlorine to form the compound shown.
H Cl H
H C C C H
H H H
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) Give the letters of two compounds that can react with each other to form an ester.
............................................................... and �� [1]
(vi) Give the letter of the compound that is in the same homologous series as hex‑1‑ene.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(vii) Give the letter of one compound that is an acid.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

3
(viii) Draw a structural isomer of compound D.
[1]
(b) Some acids are described as weak acids.
State the meaning of the term weak acid.
weak ...........................................................................................................................................
acid .............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]

4
2 Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process.
(a) The equation for the reaction is shown.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
(i) State what is meant by the symbol .
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State one source of hydrogen used in the manufacture of ammonia.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The table shows some data for the production of ammonia.
pressure temperature percentage yield

/ atm / °C of ammonia
250 350 58
100 450 28
400 450 42
250 550 20
Deduce the effect on the percentage yield of ammonia of:
●● increasing the pressure of the reaction
....................................................................................................................................................
●● increasing the temperature of the reaction.
....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) E
xplain, in terms of particles, what happens to the rate of this reaction when the temperature
is increased.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

5
(d) Ammonia, NH3, is used to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This happens in a three-stage process.
Stage 1 is a redox reaction.

4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
(i) Identify what is oxidised in stage 1.
Give a reason for your answer.
substance oxidised ..............................................................................................................
reason . ................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) In this reaction the predicted yield of NO is 512 g. The actual yield is 384 g.
Calculate the percentage yield of NO in this reaction.
percentage yield of NO = .............................. [1]
(iii) The equation for the reaction in stage 2 is shown.
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
Which major environmental problem does NO2 cause if it is released into the atmosphere?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
(iv) The equation for the reaction in stage 3 is shown.
4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3
Calculate the volume of O2 gas, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.), needed to
produce 1260 g of HNO3.
Use the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of HNO3.
moles of HNO3 = ..............................
●● Deduce the number of moles of O2 that reacted.
moles of O2 = ..............................
●● Calculate the volume of O2 gas that reacts at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
volume of O2 gas = .............................. dm3

[4]
(e) The reaction in stage 3 is exothermic.
4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3
omplete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow that clearly shows the
C
energy change during the reaction.
4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
energy
[3]
[Total: 18]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

7
3 Chlorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
(a) Two isotopes of chlorine are chlorine‑35 and chlorine‑37.
(i) State why these two isotopes of chlorine have the same chemical properties.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) C
omplete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in each atom
and ion.

electrons neutrons protons
17Cl
35
17Cl
37 –
[3]
(b) (i) Chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium bromide.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
Cl 2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br2
State the type of reaction shown.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Why is there no reaction between iodine and aqueous sodium bromide?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride.
omplete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in
C
magnesium chloride. Give the charges on the ions.
The inner shells have been completed.
......... .........
Mg Cl
[3]

8
(d) Hydrogen and chlorine react to form hydrogen chloride gas, as shown in the equation.
H2 + Cl 2 → 2HCl
This equation can be represented as shown.
H–H + Cl –Cl → 2H–Cl
Some bond energies are shown in the table.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
H–H 436
Cl –Cl 243
H–Cl 432
alculate the energy change for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine, using the
C
following steps.
●● Calculate the energy needed to break the bonds.
.............................. kJ
●● Calculate the energy released when bonds are formed.
.............................. kJ
●● Calculate the energy change for the reaction.
.............................. kJ / mol
[3]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

9
4 (a) Filtration and chlorination are two stages in water treatment.
State the purpose of each stage.
filtration .......................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
chlorination .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A student uses anhydrous copper(II) sulfate to test for the presence of water.
(i) What colour change is seen if water is present?
from ............................................................ to �� [2]
(ii) The purity of a sample of water can be assessed by measuring its boiling point.
How is the boiling point of water affected by impurities?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Chromatography can be used to test the purity of substances.
The diagram shows the chromatogram of a coloured substance.
solvent front
X
start line
(i) How does this chromatogram show that this substance is not pure?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Draw a circle round the correct Rf value for the spot labelled X.
0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 [1]
(iii)
State how a colourless substance can be made visible on a chromatogram.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

10
5 (a) Complete the table about solids, liquids and gases.
particle particle type of

separation arrangement motion
solid regular vibrate only
liquid touching random
gas apart random

[3]
(b) The graph shows the change in temperature as a sample of a gas is cooled.
A B
temperature
time
Name the change of state taking place between A and B.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) A bottle of liquid perfume is left open at the front of a room.
After some time, the perfume is smelt at the back of the room.
Name the two physical processes taking place.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

11
6 (a) An endothermic reaction occurs when calcium nitrate is heated.
(i) Balance the equation for this reaction.
.....Ca(NO3)2 → .....CaO + .....NO2 + .....O2 [1]
(ii) State the type of reaction shown by the equation.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Describe the test for a nitrate ion.
test . ............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
result . .........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 5]

12
7 Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis. Iron is extracted from its ore by reduction with carbon.
(a) What is meant by the term electrolysis?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Name the main ore of aluminium.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) (i) Explain why aluminium cannot be extracted by reduction with carbon.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the role of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Name the product formed at the positive electrode.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Aluminium is used in overhead electricity cables.
Give two properties of aluminium that make it suitable for use in overhead electricity cables.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

13
(e) Iron is a transition element.
(i) Iron forms hydrated iron(III) oxide when it rusts.
Write a word equation to represent the formation of rust.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) G
ive two ways in which the properties of transition elements differ from the properties of
Group I metals.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 14]

14
8 (a) Part of the synthetic polymer, nylon, is shown in the diagram.
O O O O O
C C N N C C N N C
H H H H
(i) Circle one amide linkage on the diagram. [1]
(ii) Complete the structures of the two monomers that react to form nylon.
[2]
(iii) Name the other product formed when nylon is produced.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Items made from nylon are often disposed of by burying them in the ground. This is called
landfill.
Why is the disposal of nylon using landfill a problem?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Give the name of a natural polymer.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/M/J/20

Group
© UCLES 2020
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/M/J/20
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*1311966589*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2017

1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 11_0620_41/4RP
2
1 The table gives information about five particles. The particles are all atoms or ions.

particle
A 6 8 6
B 12 12 12
C 13 14 10
D 8 8 10
E 11 12 11
nswer the following questions using the information in the table.

A
Each particle may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which particle, A, B, C, D or E,
(i) is an atom with atomic number 12,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) is an atom with nucleon number 14,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) is an ion with a positive charge,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) has only one electron in its outer shell?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
D is an ion of an element.
Identify the element and write the formula of D.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

3
2 The graph shows how the temperature of a substance changes as it is cooled over a period of
30 minutes. The substance is a gas at the start.
300 S
250 T
V W
200
X
temperature Y
150
/ °C
Z
100
50
0
0 10 20 30
time / minutes
Each letter on the graph may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which letter, S, T, V, W, X, Y or Z, shows when
(i) the particles in the substance have the most kinetic energy,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the particles in the substance are furthest apart,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) the substance exists as both a gas and a liquid?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the graph to estimate the freezing point of the substance.
.............................. °C [1]
(c) Name the change of state directly from a solid to a gas.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) W
hen smoke is viewed through a microscope, the smoke particles in the air appear to jump
around.
(i) What term describes this movement of the smoke particles?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the smoke particles move in this way.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17 [Turn over

4
3 (a) W hen magnesium is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate a reaction occurs.

The ionic equation for the reaction is shown.
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu
(i) Give one change you would observe during this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why this is a redox reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Identify the oxidising agent in this reaction. Give a reason for your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) A redox reaction occurs when magnesium is heated with iron(III) oxide.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and iron(III) oxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) T
he metal iron and the alloy steel are commonly used materials. A problem with them is that
they rust.
(i) How does painting iron and steel prevent rusting?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Magnesium blocks can be attached to the bottom of steel boats.
xplain how the magnesium blocks prevent the whole of the bottom of the boat from
E
rusting.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

5
(iii) Replacing the magnesium blocks with copper blocks does not prevent rusting.
Explain why the copper blocks do not prevent rusting.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]

6
4 (a) Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be made by fermentation.
(i) Complete the chemical equation for the formation of ethanol by fermentation.
C6H12O6 ......C2H5OH + ..............................

[2]
(ii) State two conditions required for fermentation.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) E
thanol can also be made by the catalytic hydration of ethene. The equation for the reaction is
shown.
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
(i) Name a suitable catalyst for this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the maximum mass of ethanol that can be made from 56 g of ethene.
maximum mass of ethanol = ............................. g [2]
(c) Ethanol can be oxidised to form ethanoic acid.
(i) Name a suitable oxidising agent for this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

7
(ii) A molecule of ethanoic acid has the structure shown.
H O
H C C
H O H
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in ethanoic acid.

H O
H C C
H O H
[3]
(d) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
(i) When referring to an acid, what is meant by the term weak?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe how you could show that ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

8
(e) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to make esters.
The structure of an ester is shown.
H H O
H C C C H H H H
H H O C C C C H
H H H H
raw the structures of the carboxylic acid and alcohol from which this ester can be made.
D
Give the names of the carboxylic acid and alcohol.
structure of the carboxylic acid
name of the carboxylic acid ........................................................................................................
structure of the alcohol
name of the alcohol ....................................................................................................................

[4]
[Total: 19]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

9
olid copper(II) carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition. One of the products of the
5 (a) S
thermal decomposition is copper(II) oxide.
(i) State the colour change of the solid seen during the reaction.
start colour . .........................................................................................................................
end colour . ..........................................................................................................................

[1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
opper(II) carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid. One of the products of the reaction is a
(b) C
solution of copper(II) nitrate.
(i) Describe tests for copper(II) ions and nitrate ions. Include the results of the tests.
copper(II) ions .....................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
nitrate ions............................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[4]
(ii) Copper(II) nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition.
Balance the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate.
......Cu(NO3)2 ......CuO + ......NO2 + ......O2

[1]

10
(c) N itrogen dioxide, NO2, exists in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4.
Nitrogen dioxide is brown and dinitrogen tetroxide is colourless.
2NO2(g) N2O4(g)
brown colourless
(i) A sample of nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide at equilibrium was placed in a closed

gas syringe.
The syringe plunger was pushed in. This increased the pressure in the gas syringe. The
temperature was kept constant.
nitrogen dioxide and

dinitrogen tetroxide
at equilibrium
end blocked
gas syringe
State how the colour of the gas in the syringe changed. Explain your answer in terms of
the position of the equilibrium.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) A
sealed tube containing nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide at equilibrium was
cooled in an ice bath at constant pressure. The contents of the tube became paler.
Suggest an explanation for this observation in terms of the position of the equilibrium.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

11
6 Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide by electrolysis.
(a) Why is aluminium not extracted by heating aluminium oxide with carbon?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound with a high melting point.
(i) C
omplete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in one of the
oxide ions present in aluminium oxide. Include the charge on the oxide ion.
One of the aluminium ions is shown.
3+ ........
Al O
[2]
(ii) The melting point of aluminium oxide is above 2000 °C.
Explain why aluminium oxide has a high melting point.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

12
(c) Aluminium can be extracted by electrolysis using the apparatus shown.
+ power –
supply
anodes wires
cathode
+ +
aluminium oxide
and cryolite
molten aluminium
(i) Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in
the wires, .............................................................................................................................
the electrolyte. .....................................................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Give two reasons why cryolite is used.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Write the ionic half-equation for the formation of aluminium during the electrolysis.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Explain how carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anodes.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) W
hen a piece of aluminium is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid, there is no immediate visible
reaction.
If the aluminium is left in the dilute hydrochloric acid for several hours, bubbles start to form.
Explain why aluminium does not react immediately with dilute hydrochloric acid.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

13

14
7 Copper(II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) CuCl 2(aq) + H2O(l)
.00 g of copper(II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This was an

6
excess of copper(II) oxide.
(a) T
he rate of the reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
or by heating it.
(i) In terms of collisions, explain why increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
increases the rate of the reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) In terms of collisions, explain why heating the hydrochloric acid increases the rate of the
reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

15
(b) (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.
moles of copper(II) oxide = ............................. mol [2]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.
moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol [1]
(iii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.
mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react = ............................. g [2]
rystals of hydrated copper(II) chloride were obtained from the solution at the end of the
(c) C
reaction.
The crystals had the following composition by mass: Cl, 41.52%; Cu, 37.43%; H, 2.34%;
O, 18.71%.
Calculate the empirical formula of the crystals.
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/O/N/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*1311966589*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 11_0620_41/4RP
2
1 The table gives information about five particles. The particles are all atoms or ions.

particle
A 6 8 6
B 12 12 12
C 13 14 10
D 8 8 10
E 11 12 11
nswer the following questions using the information in the table.

A
Each particle may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which particle, A, B, C, D or E,
(i) is an atom with atomic number 12,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) is an atom with nucleon number 14,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) is an ion with a positive charge,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) has only one electron in its outer shell?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
D is an ion of an element.
Identify the element and write the formula of D.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

3
2 The graph shows how the temperature of a substance changes as it is cooled over a period of
30 minutes. The substance is a gas at the start.
300 S
250 T
V W
200
X
temperature Y
150
/ °C
Z
100
50
0
0 10 20 30
time / minutes
Each letter on the graph may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which letter, S, T, V, W, X, Y or Z, shows when
(i) the particles in the substance have the most kinetic energy,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the particles in the substance are furthest apart,
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) the substance exists as both a gas and a liquid?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the graph to estimate the freezing point of the substance.
.............................. °C [1]
(c) Name the change of state directly from a solid to a gas.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) W
hen smoke is viewed through a microscope, the smoke particles in the air appear to jump
around.
(i) What term describes this movement of the smoke particles?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the smoke particles move in this way.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

4
3 (a) W hen magnesium is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate a reaction occurs.

The ionic equation for the reaction is shown.
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu
(i) Give one change you would observe during this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why this is a redox reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Identify the oxidising agent in this reaction. Give a reason for your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) A redox reaction occurs when magnesium is heated with iron(III) oxide.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and iron(III) oxide.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) T
he metal iron and the alloy steel are commonly used materials. A problem with them is that
they rust.
(i) How does painting iron and steel prevent rusting?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Magnesium blocks can be attached to the bottom of steel boats.
xplain how the magnesium blocks prevent the whole of the bottom of the boat from
E
rusting.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

5
(iii) Replacing the magnesium blocks with copper blocks does not prevent rusting.
Explain why the copper blocks do not prevent rusting.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]

6
4 (a) Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be made by fermentation.
(i) Complete the chemical equation for the formation of ethanol by fermentation.
C6H12O6 ......C2H5OH + ..............................

[2]
(ii) State two conditions required for fermentation.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) E
thanol can also be made by the catalytic hydration of ethene. The equation for the reaction is
shown.
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
(i) Name a suitable catalyst for this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the maximum mass of ethanol that can be made from 56 g of ethene.
maximum mass of ethanol = ............................. g [2]
(c) Ethanol can be oxidised to form ethanoic acid.
(i) Name a suitable oxidising agent for this reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

7
(ii) A molecule of ethanoic acid has the structure shown.
H O
H C C
H O H
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in ethanoic acid.

H O
H C C
H O H
[3]
(d) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
(i) When referring to an acid, what is meant by the term weak?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe how you could show that ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

8
(e) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to make esters.
The structure of an ester is shown.
H H O
H C C C H H H H
H H O C C C C H
H H H H
raw the structures of the carboxylic acid and alcohol from which this ester can be made.
D
Give the names of the carboxylic acid and alcohol.
structure of the carboxylic acid
name of the carboxylic acid ........................................................................................................
structure of the alcohol
name of the alcohol ....................................................................................................................

[4]
[Total: 19]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

9
olid copper(II) carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition. One of the products of the
5 (a) S
thermal decomposition is copper(II) oxide.
(i) State the colour change of the solid seen during the reaction.
start colour . .........................................................................................................................
end colour . ..........................................................................................................................

[1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
opper(II) carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid. One of the products of the reaction is a
(b) C
solution of copper(II) nitrate.
(i) Describe tests for copper(II) ions and nitrate ions. Include the results of the tests.
copper(II) ions .....................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
nitrate ions............................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
[4]
(ii) Copper(II) nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition.
Balance the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate.
......Cu(NO3)2 ......CuO + ......NO2 + ......O2

[1]

10
(c) N itrogen dioxide, NO2, exists in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4.
Nitrogen dioxide is brown and dinitrogen tetroxide is colourless.
2NO2(g) N2O4(g)
brown colourless
(i) A sample of nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide at equilibrium was placed in a closed

gas syringe.
The syringe plunger was pushed in. This increased the pressure in the gas syringe. The
temperature was kept constant.
nitrogen dioxide and

dinitrogen tetroxide
at equilibrium
end blocked
gas syringe
State how the colour of the gas in the syringe changed. Explain your answer in terms of
the position of the equilibrium.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) A
sealed tube containing nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide at equilibrium was
cooled in an ice bath at constant pressure. The contents of the tube became paler.
Suggest an explanation for this observation in terms of the position of the equilibrium.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

11
6 Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide by electrolysis.
(a) Why is aluminium not extracted by heating aluminium oxide with carbon?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound with a high melting point.
(i) C
omplete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in one of the
oxide ions present in aluminium oxide. Include the charge on the oxide ion.
One of the aluminium ions is shown.
3+ ........
Al O
[2]
(ii) The melting point of aluminium oxide is above 2000 °C.
Explain why aluminium oxide has a high melting point.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

12
(c) Aluminium can be extracted by electrolysis using the apparatus shown.
+ power –
supply
anodes wires
cathode
+ +
aluminium oxide
and cryolite
molten aluminium
(i) Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in
the wires, .............................................................................................................................
the electrolyte. .....................................................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Give two reasons why cryolite is used.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Write the ionic half-equation for the formation of aluminium during the electrolysis.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Explain how carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anodes.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) W
hen a piece of aluminium is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid, there is no immediate visible
reaction.
If the aluminium is left in the dilute hydrochloric acid for several hours, bubbles start to form.
Explain why aluminium does not react immediately with dilute hydrochloric acid.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

13

14
7 Copper(II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) CuCl 2(aq) + H2O(l)
.00 g of copper(II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This was an

6
excess of copper(II) oxide.
(a) T
he rate of the reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
or by heating it.
(i) In terms of collisions, explain why increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
increases the rate of the reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) In terms of collisions, explain why heating the hydrochloric acid increases the rate of the
reaction.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

15
(b) (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.
moles of copper(II) oxide = ............................. mol [2]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.
moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol [1]
(iii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.
mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react = ............................. g [2]
rystals of hydrated copper(II) chloride were obtained from the solution at the end of the
(c) C
reaction.
The crystals had the following composition by mass: Cl, 41.52%; Cu, 37.43%; H, 2.34%;
O, 18.71%.
Calculate the empirical formula of the crystals.
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/O/N/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*9307337210*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 11_0620_42/4RP
2
1 (a) Dust particles in the air move around in a random way.
(i) What term describes the random movement of the dust particles?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Identify the particles in the air which cause the random movement of the dust particles.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Explain why the dust particles move in this way.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) When chlorine gas, Cl 2, is put into a gas jar, it spreads out to fill the gas jar.
When bromine gas, Br2, is put into a gas jar, it also spreads out to fill the gas jar.
The process takes longer for bromine gas than for chlorine gas.
gas jar
gas
start later
(i) What term describes the way that the gas particles spread out?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Use data from the Periodic Table to explain why bromine gas takes longer to fill a gas jar
than chlorine gas.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Explain why increasing the temperature increases the rate at which the gas particles
spread out.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

3
2 (a) Complete the table to show the electronic structure of the atoms and ions.
F 2,7
Si
Ca2+
N3–
[3]
(b) Predict the formula of the compound formed between Ca2+ and N3–.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangements in the two ions present in
lithium chloride, LiCl.
Show outer shell electrons only. Include the charges on the ions.
[3]
(d) Sulfur dichloride, SCl 2, is a covalent compound. It has the structure Cl –S–Cl.

sulfur dichloride.
[3]

4
(e) In terms of attractive forces, explain why LiCl has a higher melting point than SCl 2.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(f) Suggest the identity of a covalent compound with a higher melting point than LiCl.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

5
3 The chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH, is shown.
C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
The energy released when one mole of ethanol undergoes complete combustion is 1280 kJ.
Part of the energy level diagram for this reaction is shown.
X
C2H5OH + 3O2
energy
(a) Complete the energy level diagram to show

● the products of the reaction,
● the overall energy change of the reaction.
[3]
(b) What does X represent?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
(c) The chemical equation for the complete combustion of methanol, CH3OH, is shown.
2CH3OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 4H2O
The equation can be represented as shown.
2 H C O H + 3 O O 2 O C O + 4 H O H
Use the bond energies in the table to determine the energy change, ΔH, for the complete
combustion of one mole of methanol.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
C–H 410
C–O 360
O–H 460
O=O 500
C=O 805
● energy needed to break bonds
.............................. kJ
● energy released when bonds are formed
.............................. kJ
● energy change, ΔH, for the complete combustion of one mole of methanol
.............................. kJ / mol
[4]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

7
(d) Dodecane is an alkane containing 12 carbon atoms. Ethanol can be manufactured from
dodecane in a two-stage process.
In stage 1, each molecule of dodecane is converted into three molecules of ethene and one
molecule of another hydrocarbon.
(i) Name the process which occurs in stage 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction which occurs in stage 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
In stage 2, ethene reacts with steam to produce ethanol.
(iii) State two conditions needed for stage 2.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) Name the type of reaction which occurs in stage 2.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Suggest how to test the purity of the ethanol produced.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

8
(e) Ethanol can also be manufactured by the fermentation of glucose, C6H12O6.
(i) State two conditions needed for the fermentation of glucose.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose.
C6H12O6 ......C2H5OH + ..............................

[2]
(iii) One disadvantage of fermentation is that the maximum concentration of ethanol produced
is about 15%.
Suggest why the concentration of ethanol produced by fermentation does not exceed
15%.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Give one other disadvantage of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Give one advantage, other than cost, of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Suggest the name of a process to obtain ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

9
(f) Ethane-1,2-diol has the following structure.
H H
H O C C O H
H H
(i) Write the empirical formula of ethane-1,2-diol.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Ethane-1,2-diol can undergo condensation polymerisation but cannot undergo addition
polymerisation.
Explain why ethane-1,2-diol cannot undergo addition polymerisation.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Ethane-1,2-diol undergoes condensation polymerisation with molecule Y.
The diagrams represent the structures of ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.
O O
H O O H H O C C O H
ethane-1,2-diol molecule Y
Draw the condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

Show one repeat unit. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkage.
[3]
(iv) Name the type of condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 30]

10
4 A student sets up the following electrolysis experiment.
bulb
wire
+ –
graphite electrodes
dilute aqueous
sodium chloride
(a) Define the term electrolysis.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The student observes bubbles of colourless gas forming at each electrode.
(i) Name the main gas produced at the positive electrode (anode).
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe a test for the gas produced in (b)(i).
test .......................................................................................................................................
result ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii)
Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction taking place at the negative electrode
(cathode).
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Charge is transferred during electrolysis.
Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in
the wires, ....................................................................................................................................
the electrolyte. ............................................................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

11
(d)
The student replaces the dilute aqueous sodium chloride with concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride.
Suggest two differences that the student observes.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) The student has a small piece of impure copper. The main impurities in the copper are small
quantities of silver and zinc.
The student uses electrolysis to extract pure copper from the small piece of impure copper.
(i) Complete the labels on the diagram of the student’s electrolysis experiment.

+ –
......................................... .........................................
electrolyte of
.......................................................
[3]
(ii) Use your knowledge of the reactivity series to suggest what happens to the silver and zinc
impurities. Explain your answers.
silver impurities ....................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
zinc impurities ......................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 17]

12
5 Some chemical reactions are reversible.
(a) Aqueous potassium chromate(VI), K2CrO4, is a yellow solution.
Aqueous potassium dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7, is an orange solution.
The two compounds interconvert when the pH of the solution changes.
2K2CrO4 + H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 + K2SO4 + H2O

yellow orange
Solution Y is a mixture of aqueous potassium chromate(VI) and aqueous

potassium dichromate(VI) at equilibrium.
● Explain, in terms of the position of the equilibrium, what you would see if sulfuric acid were
added to solution Y.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
● Explain, in terms of the position of the equilibrium, what you would see if sodium hydroxide
were added to solution Y.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[5]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

13
(b) Hydrogen can be manufactured using a reversible reaction between methane and steam.
CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
At 900 °C, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the yield of hydrogen is 70%.
(i) What volume of hydrogen is produced from 100 cm3 of methane under these conditions?
.............................. cm3 [2]
Under different conditions, different yields of hydrogen are obtained.
(ii) If the pressure is increased, the yield of hydrogen becomes less than 70%.
Explain why, in terms of the position of the equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) If the temperature is decreased, the yield of hydrogen decreases.
What does this information indicate about the reaction between methane and steam?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Why is a catalyst used in this reaction?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 10]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/O/N/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*9307337210*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 11_0620_42/4RP
2
1 (a) Dust particles in the air move around in a random way.
(i) What term describes the random movement of the dust particles?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Identify the particles in the air which cause the random movement of the dust particles.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Explain why the dust particles move in this way.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) When chlorine gas, Cl 2, is put into a gas jar, it spreads out to fill the gas jar.
When bromine gas, Br2, is put into a gas jar, it also spreads out to fill the gas jar.
The process takes longer for bromine gas than for chlorine gas.
gas jar
gas
start later
(i) What term describes the way that the gas particles spread out?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Use data from the Periodic Table to explain why bromine gas takes longer to fill a gas jar
than chlorine gas.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Explain why increasing the temperature increases the rate at which the gas particles
spread out.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

3
2 (a) Complete the table to show the electronic structure of the atoms and ions.
F 2,7
Si
Ca2+
N3–
[3]
(b) Predict the formula of the compound formed between Ca2+ and N3–.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangements in the two ions present in
lithium chloride, LiCl.
Show outer shell electrons only. Include the charges on the ions.
[3]
(d) Sulfur dichloride, SCl 2, is a covalent compound. It has the structure Cl –S–Cl.

sulfur dichloride.
[3]

4
(e) In terms of attractive forces, explain why LiCl has a higher melting point than SCl 2.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(f) Suggest the identity of a covalent compound with a higher melting point than LiCl.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

5
3 The chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH, is shown.
C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
The energy released when one mole of ethanol undergoes complete combustion is 1280 kJ.
Part of the energy level diagram for this reaction is shown.
X
C2H5OH + 3O2
energy
(a) Complete the energy level diagram to show

● the products of the reaction,
● the overall energy change of the reaction.
[3]
(b) What does X represent?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
(c) The chemical equation for the complete combustion of methanol, CH3OH, is shown.
2CH3OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 4H2O
The equation can be represented as shown.
2 H C O H + 3 O O 2 O C O + 4 H O H
Use the bond energies in the table to determine the energy change, ΔH, for the complete
combustion of one mole of methanol.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
C–H 410
C–O 360
O–H 460
O=O 500
C=O 805
● energy needed to break bonds
.............................. kJ
● energy released when bonds are formed
.............................. kJ
● energy change, ΔH, for the complete combustion of one mole of methanol
.............................. kJ / mol
[4]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

7
(d) Dodecane is an alkane containing 12 carbon atoms. Ethanol can be manufactured from
dodecane in a two-stage process.
In stage 1, each molecule of dodecane is converted into three molecules of ethene and one
molecule of another hydrocarbon.
(i) Name the process which occurs in stage 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction which occurs in stage 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
In stage 2, ethene reacts with steam to produce ethanol.
(iii) State two conditions needed for stage 2.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) Name the type of reaction which occurs in stage 2.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Suggest how to test the purity of the ethanol produced.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

8
(e) Ethanol can also be manufactured by the fermentation of glucose, C6H12O6.
(i) State two conditions needed for the fermentation of glucose.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose.
C6H12O6 ......C2H5OH + ..............................

[2]
(iii) One disadvantage of fermentation is that the maximum concentration of ethanol produced
is about 15%.
Suggest why the concentration of ethanol produced by fermentation does not exceed
15%.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Give one other disadvantage of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Give one advantage, other than cost, of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Suggest the name of a process to obtain ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

9
(f) Ethane-1,2-diol has the following structure.
H H
H O C C O H
H H
(i) Write the empirical formula of ethane-1,2-diol.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Ethane-1,2-diol can undergo condensation polymerisation but cannot undergo addition
polymerisation.
Explain why ethane-1,2-diol cannot undergo addition polymerisation.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Ethane-1,2-diol undergoes condensation polymerisation with molecule Y.
The diagrams represent the structures of ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.
O O
H O O H H O C C O H
ethane-1,2-diol molecule Y
Draw the condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

Show one repeat unit. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkage.
[3]
(iv) Name the type of condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 30]

10
4 A student sets up the following electrolysis experiment.
bulb
wire
+ –
graphite electrodes
dilute aqueous
sodium chloride
(a) Define the term electrolysis.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The student observes bubbles of colourless gas forming at each electrode.
(i) Name the main gas produced at the positive electrode (anode).
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe a test for the gas produced in (b)(i).
test .......................................................................................................................................
result ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii)
Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction taking place at the negative electrode
(cathode).
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Charge is transferred during electrolysis.
Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in
the wires, ....................................................................................................................................
the electrolyte. ............................................................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

11
(d)
The student replaces the dilute aqueous sodium chloride with concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride.
Suggest two differences that the student observes.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) The student has a small piece of impure copper. The main impurities in the copper are small
quantities of silver and zinc.
The student uses electrolysis to extract pure copper from the small piece of impure copper.
(i) Complete the labels on the diagram of the student’s electrolysis experiment.

+ –
......................................... .........................................
electrolyte of
.......................................................
[3]
(ii) Use your knowledge of the reactivity series to suggest what happens to the silver and zinc
impurities. Explain your answers.
silver impurities ....................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
zinc impurities ......................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 17]

12
5 Some chemical reactions are reversible.
(a) Aqueous potassium chromate(VI), K2CrO4, is a yellow solution.
Aqueous potassium dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7, is an orange solution.
The two compounds interconvert when the pH of the solution changes.
2K2CrO4 + H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 + K2SO4 + H2O

yellow orange
Solution Y is a mixture of aqueous potassium chromate(VI) and aqueous

potassium dichromate(VI) at equilibrium.
● Explain, in terms of the position of the equilibrium, what you would see if sulfuric acid were
added to solution Y.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
● Explain, in terms of the position of the equilibrium, what you would see if sodium hydroxide
were added to solution Y.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[5]
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

13
(b) Hydrogen can be manufactured using a reversible reaction between methane and steam.
CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
At 900 °C, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the yield of hydrogen is 70%.
(i) What volume of hydrogen is produced from 100 cm3 of methane under these conditions?
.............................. cm3 [2]
Under different conditions, different yields of hydrogen are obtained.
(ii) If the pressure is increased, the yield of hydrogen becomes less than 70%.
Explain why, in terms of the position of the equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) If the temperature is decreased, the yield of hydrogen decreases.
What does this information indicate about the reaction between methane and steam?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Why is a catalyst used in this reaction?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 10]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2017 0620/42/O/N/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/O/N/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*6479123383*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 11_0620_43/5RP
2
State whether each of the following is an element, a compound or a mixture.
(a) brass . ................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) gold . ..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) butane .................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) air ......................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

3
2 (a) (i) Define the term molecule.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Define the term element.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The table shows the composition of four atoms or ions, A, B, C and D.

A 10 10 10
B 10 12 10
C 12 10 10
D 13 14 10
(i) What is the atomic number of A?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the nucleon number of B?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which of A, B, C and D are isotopes of each other?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Which of A, B, C and D are atoms?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) Which of A, B, C and D are positive ions?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Complete the table.
number of number of
protons electrons
Na
S2–
Cl 2
[3]
[Total: 11]

4
3 Iron is extracted from its ore using coke in a blast furnace.
waste gases
raw materials:
coke,
iron ore,
limestone
air air
slag
molten iron
(a) Name the ore of iron which is mainly iron(III) oxide.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe the reactions occurring in the blast furnace.
In your answer, include

● two reasons for using coke in the blast furnace,
● a chemical equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide,
● an explanation for using limestone in the blast furnace.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

5
(c) (i) Describe the bonding in iron. Include a diagram in your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Use your diagram in (c)(i) to explain why iron is malleable.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Iron containing a small amount of carbon is known as steel.
Explain why steel is less malleable than iron.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
hen iron is added to dilute sulfuric acid, an aqueous solution of iron(II) sulfate is formed

(d) (i) W
as one of the products.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
hen iron(III) oxide is added to dilute sulfuric acid, an aqueous solution of iron(III) sulfate
(ii) W
is formed as one of the products.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

6
(e) A
queous sodium hydroxide, aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous acidified
potassium manganate(VII) are added to aqueous solutions of iron(II) sulfate and
iron(III) sulfate.
● Iron(II) ions, Fe2+, are reducing agents in aqueous solution.

● Iron(III) ions, Fe3+, are oxidising agents in aqueous solution.
Complete the table.
observations with observations with

reagent
aqueous iron(II) sulfate aqueous iron(III) sulfate
aqueous sodium hydroxide green precipitate
aqueous potassium iodide
aqueous acidified
no change
potassium manganate(VII)
[4]
[Total: 22]
4
Hydrogen and oxygen react together in a hydrogen fuel cell. A hydrogen fuel cell is shown in the
diagram.
hydrogen oxygen
H2 O2
electrolyte
water
membrane
(a) Name the process by which oxygen is obtained from air.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

7
(b) (i) In a hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen molecules are converted into hydrogen ions, H+,
according to the ionic half-equation shown.
H2 2H+ + 2e–
What type of reaction does this ionic half-equation represent?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of substance reacts by donating hydrogen ions, H+?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Write a chemical equation for the overall reaction that occurs in a hydrogen fuel cell.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Hydrogen fuel cells are being developed as alternatives to petrol engines in cars.
(i) Give one advantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to petrol engines.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to petrol engines.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) S
ome fuel cells use ethanol, C2H5OH, instead of hydrogen. Carbon dioxide and water are
products of the reaction in an ethanol fuel cell.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the overall reaction occurring in an ethanol fuel cell.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) S
tate an environmental problem caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Name the process by which ethanol can be manufactured from a renewable resource.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) Name the process occurring when electrical energy is used to break down an ionic compound.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 11]

8
5 (a) (i) Name the products formed when sodium nitrate is heated.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
hen copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, undergoes thermal decomposition, three products are

(ii) W
formed. One of the products is nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) T
he chemical equation shows the equilibrium between dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4, a colourless
gas) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2, a brown gas).
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
colourless brown
mixture of dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen dioxide is allowed to reach equilibrium in a

A
closed gas syringe.
(i) In chemistry, what is meant by the term equilibrium?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) If the equilibrium mixture is heated at constant pressure, a darker brown colour is seen
inside the gas syringe.
hat does this information indicate about the decomposition of dinitrogen tetroxide?

W
Explain your answer in terms of the position of the equilibrium.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) S uggest what you would see if the pressure on the equilibrium mixture were increased at
constant temperature.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

9
6 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are two homologous series of hydrocarbons.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the general formula of the homologous series of
alkanes, ...............................................................................................................................
alkenes? ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Other than having a general formula, state two characteristics of a homologous series.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) The structure of an alkene molecule with the molecular formula C4H8 is shown.
H H H H
C C C C H
H H H
raw the structure of a different alkene molecule with the molecular formula C4H8. Show
D
[1]
(v) W
hat term describes molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

10
(b) 2
5 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, were burnt in 150 cm3 of oxygen. This was an excess
of oxygen.
fter cooling, the volume of the gases remaining was 100 cm3. This consisted of 75 cm3 of
A
carbon dioxide and 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. The water that was produced in the reaction
was liquid.
All volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
............................. cm3 [1]
(iii) Complete the table to show the smallest whole number ratio of volumes.
volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
produced
smallest whole
number ratio of : :
volumes
[1]
(iv) U
se your answer to (b)(iii) to balance the chemical equation. Deduce the formula of the
hydrocarbon.
CxHy(g) + ......O2(g) ......CO2(g) + ......H2O(l)
formula of the hydrocarbon = ............................. [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

11
7 (a) C
arbon and silicon are elements in Group IV of the Periodic Table.
Carbon dioxide from the air moves into green plants and is converted into carbohydrates.
(i) N
ame the process by which carbon dioxide molecules move through the air into green
plants.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
xplain why silicon(IV) oxide cannot move through the air in the same way that
(ii) E
carbon dioxide can.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) N
ame the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose, C6H12O6, in green
plants. Give two conditions required for this process to occur. Write a chemical equation
for the reaction which occurs.
name of process ..................................................................................................................
condition 1 ...........................................................................................................................
condition 2 ...........................................................................................................................
chemical equation . ..............................................................................................................

[5]
(b) Starch is a natural polymer made from glucose.
(i) What type of polymerisation occurs when glucose is converted into starch?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of reaction occurs when starch is converted into glucose?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Starch can be represented as shown.
O O O O
Complete the diagram below to represent the structure of the glucose monomer.
[1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/O/N/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*6479123383*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43


1 hour 15 minutes

IB17 11_0620_43/5RP
2
State whether each of the following is an element, a compound or a mixture.
(a) brass . ................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) gold . ..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) butane .................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) air ......................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

3
2 (a) (i) Define the term molecule.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Define the term element.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The table shows the composition of four atoms or ions, A, B, C and D.

A 10 10 10
B 10 12 10
C 12 10 10
D 13 14 10
(i) What is the atomic number of A?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the nucleon number of B?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which of A, B, C and D are isotopes of each other?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Which of A, B, C and D are atoms?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) Which of A, B, C and D are positive ions?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Complete the table.
number of number of
protons electrons
Na
S2–
Cl 2
[3]
[Total: 11]

4
3 Iron is extracted from its ore using coke in a blast furnace.
waste gases
raw materials:
coke,
iron ore,
limestone
air air
slag
molten iron
(a) Name the ore of iron which is mainly iron(III) oxide.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe the reactions occurring in the blast furnace.
In your answer, include

● two reasons for using coke in the blast furnace,
● a chemical equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide,
● an explanation for using limestone in the blast furnace.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

5
(c) (i) Describe the bonding in iron. Include a diagram in your answer.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Use your diagram in (c)(i) to explain why iron is malleable.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Iron containing a small amount of carbon is known as steel.
Explain why steel is less malleable than iron.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
hen iron is added to dilute sulfuric acid, an aqueous solution of iron(II) sulfate is formed

(d) (i) W
as one of the products.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
hen iron(III) oxide is added to dilute sulfuric acid, an aqueous solution of iron(III) sulfate
(ii) W
is formed as one of the products.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

6
(e) A
queous sodium hydroxide, aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous acidified
potassium manganate(VII) are added to aqueous solutions of iron(II) sulfate and
iron(III) sulfate.
● Iron(II) ions, Fe2+, are reducing agents in aqueous solution.

● Iron(III) ions, Fe3+, are oxidising agents in aqueous solution.
Complete the table.
observations with observations with

reagent
aqueous iron(II) sulfate aqueous iron(III) sulfate
aqueous sodium hydroxide green precipitate
aqueous potassium iodide
aqueous acidified
no change
potassium manganate(VII)
[4]
[Total: 22]
4
Hydrogen and oxygen react together in a hydrogen fuel cell. A hydrogen fuel cell is shown in the
diagram.
hydrogen oxygen
H2 O2
electrolyte
water
membrane
(a) Name the process by which oxygen is obtained from air.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

7
(b) (i) In a hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen molecules are converted into hydrogen ions, H+,
according to the ionic half-equation shown.
H2 2H+ + 2e–
What type of reaction does this ionic half-equation represent?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of substance reacts by donating hydrogen ions, H+?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Write a chemical equation for the overall reaction that occurs in a hydrogen fuel cell.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Hydrogen fuel cells are being developed as alternatives to petrol engines in cars.
(i) Give one advantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to petrol engines.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to petrol engines.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) S
ome fuel cells use ethanol, C2H5OH, instead of hydrogen. Carbon dioxide and water are
products of the reaction in an ethanol fuel cell.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the overall reaction occurring in an ethanol fuel cell.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) S
tate an environmental problem caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Name the process by which ethanol can be manufactured from a renewable resource.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) Name the process occurring when electrical energy is used to break down an ionic compound.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 11]

8
5 (a) (i) Name the products formed when sodium nitrate is heated.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
hen copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, undergoes thermal decomposition, three products are

(ii) W
formed. One of the products is nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) T
he chemical equation shows the equilibrium between dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4, a colourless
gas) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2, a brown gas).
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
colourless brown
mixture of dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen dioxide is allowed to reach equilibrium in a

A
closed gas syringe.
(i) In chemistry, what is meant by the term equilibrium?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) If the equilibrium mixture is heated at constant pressure, a darker brown colour is seen
inside the gas syringe.
hat does this information indicate about the decomposition of dinitrogen tetroxide?

W
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) S uggest what you would see if the pressure on the equilibrium mixture were increased at
constant temperature.
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

9
6 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are two homologous series of hydrocarbons.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the general formula of the homologous series of
alkanes, ...............................................................................................................................
alkenes? ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Other than having a general formula, state two characteristics of a homologous series.
1 . .........................................................................................................................................
2 . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) The structure of an alkene molecule with the molecular formula C4H8 is shown.
H H H H
C C C C H
H H H
raw the structure of a different alkene molecule with the molecular formula C4H8. Show
D
[1]
(v) W
hat term describes molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

10
(b) 2
5 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, were burnt in 150 cm3 of oxygen. This was an excess
of oxygen.
fter cooling, the volume of the gases remaining was 100 cm3. This consisted of 75 cm3 of
A
carbon dioxide and 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. The water that was produced in the reaction
was liquid.
All volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
............................. cm3 [1]
(iii) Complete the table to show the smallest whole number ratio of volumes.
volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
produced
smallest whole
number ratio of : :
volumes
[1]
(iv) U
se your answer to (b)(iii) to balance the chemical equation. Deduce the formula of the
hydrocarbon.
CxHy(g) + ......O2(g) ......CO2(g) + ......H2O(l)
formula of the hydrocarbon = ............................. [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

11
7 (a) C
arbon and silicon are elements in Group IV of the Periodic Table.
Carbon dioxide from the air moves into green plants and is converted into carbohydrates.
(i) N
ame the process by which carbon dioxide molecules move through the air into green
plants.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
xplain why silicon(IV) oxide cannot move through the air in the same way that
(ii) E
carbon dioxide can.
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) N
ame the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose, C6H12O6, in green
plants. Give two conditions required for this process to occur. Write a chemical equation
for the reaction which occurs.
name of process ..................................................................................................................
condition 1 ...........................................................................................................................
condition 2 ...........................................................................................................................
chemical equation . ..............................................................................................................

[5]
(b) Starch is a natural polymer made from glucose.
(i) What type of polymerisation occurs when glucose is converted into starch?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of reaction occurs when starch is converted into glucose?
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Starch can be represented as shown.
O O O O
Complete the diagram below to represent the structure of the glucose monomer.
[1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

Group
© UCLES 2017
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/O/N/17
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*2338402729*
CHEMISTRY 0620/41
1 hour 15 minutes

IB19 11_0620_41/3RP
2
1 This question is about ions and ionic compounds.
(a) Choose from the following list of ions to answer the questions.
Br
–
Ca2+ Cl – Cr3+ Cu2+
K+ Li+ Na+ SO32– SO42–
Each ion may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which ion:
(i) gives a lilac colour in a flame test .................................................................................. [1]
(ii) forms a grey-green precipitate with aqueous ammonia ................................................. [1]
(iii) forms a white precipitate with aqueous sodium hydroxide ............................................ [1]
(iv) forms a cream precipitate with acidified aqueous silver nitrate ..................................... [1]
(v) forms a white precipitate with acidified aqueous barium nitrate. ................................... [1]
(b) Describe how to do a flame test on a sample of a salt.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Magnesium phosphate contains magnesium ions, Mg2+, and phosphate ions, PO43–.
Deduce the formula of magnesium phosphate.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

3
2 (a) Sulfur exists as a number of different isotopes.
What is meant by the term isotopes?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) A sulfide ion has the symbol shown.
34
16 S2–
(i) How many neutrons are contained in this sulfide ion?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) How is a sulfide ion, S2–, formed from a sulfur atom?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Which element forms an ion with a 2+ charge that has the same number of electrons as
a S2– ion?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

4
(c) The manufacture of sulfuric acid by the Contact process occurs in four stages.
stage 1 Molten sulfur is burned in air to produce sulfur dioxide gas.
stage 2 Sulfur dioxide is reacted with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide.
stage 3 Sulfur trioxide is combined with concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum, H2S2O7.
stage 4 Oleum is added to water to form sulfuric acid.
(i) Complete the chemical equation for stage 1 by adding the appropriate state symbols.
S(.....) + O2(.....) SO2(.....)[1]
(ii) Name the catalyst used in stage 2 and state the temperature used.
catalyst .............................................
temperature ...................................... °C
[2]
(iii) Write chemical equations for the reactions in stage 3 and stage 4.
stage 3 ................................................................................................................................
stage 4 ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Sulfur dioxide is a toxic gas.
(i) State one environmental reason why sulfur dioxide should not be released into the
atmosphere.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe the test for sulfur dioxide.
test .......................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
observations ........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

5
(e) S
ulfur dioxide reacts with aqueous sodium sulfite to produce a compound with the following
composition by mass: 29.1% Na, 40.5% S and 30.4% O.
Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.
[Total: 16]

6
3 This question is about metals and metal oxides.
(a) Most metals have a high melting point.
State one other physical property that all metals have.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Iron often rusts.
Name the two substances, other than iron, that must be present for iron to rust.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) Iron can be obtained by heating iron(III) oxide with zinc powder.
Fe2O3 + 3Zn 2Fe + 3ZnO
(i) What can be deduced about the reactivity of zinc from this reaction?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.
2Fe3+ + 3Zn 2Fe + 3Zn2+
Identify the oxidising agent in this reaction. Explain your answer in terms of electron
transfer.
oxidising agent .....................................................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

7
(d) Zinc oxide is amphoteric.
Describe two simple experiments to show that zinc oxide is amphoteric.

Name the reagents you would use and describe the observations you would make.
reagent 1 ....................................................................................................................................
observation .................................................................................................................................
reagent 2 ....................................................................................................................................
observation .................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 8]

8
4 Insoluble salts can be made by precipitation reactions.
A student mixed solutions of some soluble salts.
The results the student obtained are shown in the table.
second salt solution

Co(NO3)2(aq) AgNO3(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq)
NaI(aq) no change yellow precipitate yellow precipitate
first salt
Na2CO3(aq) purple precipitate yellow precipitate white precipitate
solution
Na2SO4(aq) no change white precipitate white precipitate
All sodium salts are soluble in water.

Use only results from the table to answer the following questions.
(a) Name:
(i) an insoluble cobalt salt .................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) an insoluble yellow lead salt. ......................................................................................... [1]
(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in which silver carbonate is formed.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in which lead(II) iodide is formed.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Aqueous silver nitrate produces a yellow precipitate with both iodide ions and carbonate ions.
When testing an unknown solution for iodide ions, the aqueous silver nitrate is acidified.
Explain why the aqueous silver nitrate is acidified.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

9
5 (a) Part of the structure of synthetic polymer A is shown.
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
C C C C C C
(i) What type of synthetic polymer is A?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Deduce the empirical formula of polymer A.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Draw the structure of the monomer from which polymer A is made.
[2]
(b) The formula C4H10 represents two different structural isomers.
(i) What is meant by the term structural isomers?
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Draw the structures of two structural isomers with the formula C4H10.
[2]
(iii) All structural isomers of C4H10 are flammable.
Write a chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of C4H10.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]

10
6 Dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), reacts with aqueous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3(aq).
The chemical equation for the reaction is shown.
2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
(a) A 25.0 cm3 portion of Na2CO3(aq) was placed in a conical flask with a few drops of a suitable
indicator. It was titrated against HCl (aq) of concentration 0.180 mol /dm3.
20.0 cm3 of HCl (aq) was required to reach the end-point.
Calculate the concentration of the Na2CO3(aq), in mol / dm3, using the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of HCl used in the titration.
.............................. mol
●● Calculate the number of moles of Na2CO3 contained in the 25.0 cm3 portion of Na2CO3(aq).
.............................. mol
●● Calculate the concentration of the Na2CO3(aq) in mol / dm3.
.............................. mol / dm3
[3]
(b) In another experiment, the volume of carbon dioxide, CO2, produced was 48.0 cm3, measured
at room temperature and pressure.
How many moles of CO2 is this?
moles of CO2 = .............................. mol [1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

11
(c)
A sample of concentrated hydrobromic acid, HBr(aq), was electrolysed using platinum
electrodes.
The concentration of the hydrobromic acid was 8.89 mol / dm3.
(i) Calculate the concentration of the HBr(aq) in g / dm3.
concentration of HBr(aq) = .............................. g / dm3 [1]
(ii) Explain why concentrated HBr(aq) can conduct electricity.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Magnesium is not a suitable material from which to make the electrodes.
Explain why.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Predict the product formed at the anode when concentrated HBr(aq) is electrolysed.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction occurring at the cathode.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 11]

12
7 This question is about ethanol.
(a) Ethanol that is suitable for use as a fuel can be manufactured from sugars such as glucose,
C6H12O6, by a two-step process.
Describe how this can be done. In your answer, include:
●● an equation for the reaction in which ethanol is formed

●● the essential conditions for the reaction in which ethanol is formed
●● the name of the process used to obtain ethanol that is pure enough to use as a fuel from
the reaction mixture.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

13
(b) The equation for the complete combustion of ethanol is shown.
H H
H C C O H + 3 O O 2 O C O + 3 H O H
H H
Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change, in kJ / mol, for the complete
combustion of ethanol.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
C–C 347
C–H 413
C–O 358
C=O 805
O–H 464
O=O 498
●● Energy needed to break bonds.
.............................. kJ
●● Energy released when bonds are formed.
.............................. kJ
●● Energy change for the complete combustion of ethanol.
energy change = .............................. kJ / mol

[3]

14
(c) Ethanol can be oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to form ethanal, CH3CHO. A catalyst for this
reaction is Fe3+.
(i) What is meant by the term catalyst ?
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) The structure of ethanal is shown.
H C C O
H H

ethanal. Show outer shell electrons only.
H C C O
H H
[3]
(iii) The table gives the boiling points of ethanal and ethanol.
substance boiling point / °C

ethanal 20
ethanol 78
In terms of attractive forces between particles, suggest why ethanal has a lower boiling
point than ethanol.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

15
(d) Ethene gas reacts with steam to form gaseous ethanol.
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(g)
The reaction can reach a position of equilibrium. The forward reaction is exothermic.
(i) State and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the position of equilibrium.
All other conditions are unchanged.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Increasing the pressure of a gas increases its concentration.
State and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the rate of the reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) State and explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the position of equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2019 0620/41/O/N/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/O/N/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*6351983657*
CHEMISTRY 0620/42
1 hour 15 minutes

IB19 11_0620_42/2RP
2
1 The Periodic Table is very useful to chemists.
Refer only to elements with atomic numbers 1 to 36 in the Periodic Table provided when answering
Question 1.
(a) Use information from the Periodic Table provided to identify one element which:
(i) has atoms with exactly 9 protons .................................................................................. [1]
(ii) has atoms with 0 neutrons ............................................................................................. [1]
(iii) has atoms with exactly 23 electrons .............................................................................. [1]
(iv) has atoms with an electronic structure of 2,8,6 ............................................................. [1]
(v) forms ions with a charge of 3– containing 18 electrons ................................................. [1]
(vi) forms ions with a charge of 2+ containing 10 electrons ................................................ [1]
(vii) has a relative atomic mass that shows it has at least two isotopes. .............................. [1]
(b) State which metal in the first 36 elements:
(i) is the Group I element which reacts most vigorously with water ................................... [1]
(ii) reacts with air to form lime. ............................................................................................ [1]
(c) One element in the first 36 elements is used as the fuel in a fuel cell.
(i) Name this element.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the overall chemical equation for the reaction which occurs when the element in
(c)(i) reacts in a fuel cell.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/O/N/19

3
2 The gases Ar, CO2, N2 and O2 are in clean, dry air.
CO, NO, NO2 and SO2 are gases commonly found in polluted air.
(a)
What percentage of clean, dry air is N2?
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
.............................. % [1]
(b) Name the process used to separate O2 from clean, dry air.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) State one major adverse effect of the pollutant SO2.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) NO and NO2 are produced in car engines.
Describe how oxides of nitrogen form in a car engine.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Many cars have catalytic converters in their exhaust systems. In a catalytic converter, most of
the CO and NO formed in a car engine is changed into less harmful products.
Identify these products and state the metal catalyst used.
products ......................................................................................................................................
catalyst .......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(f) CO is formed from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as methane.
Write a chemical equation to show the incomplete combustion of methane.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]

4
(g) The CO2 in air is part of the carbon cycle.
The scheme shows a simple representation of part of the carbon cycle.
carbon dioxide
in the air
A B
glucose found feeding

animals
in green plants
(i) State the scientific terms for each of process A and process B.
A ..........................................................................................................................................
B ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Plants convert glucose into complex carbohydrates.
A unit of glucose can be represented as HO OH.
Complete the diagram to show the complex carbohydrate formed from three units of
glucose. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.
[2]
(iii) Complex carbohydrates break down to form simple sugars.
State two ways that complex carbohydrates can be broken down into simple sugars.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) Name a suitable technique for separating and identifying the individual sugars formed
when complex carbohydrates are broken down.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 18]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/O/N/19

5
3 Ammonia is an important chemical.
(a) Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process. The reaction is reversible.
(i) What is the sign for a reversible reaction?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the essential conditions for the manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process
starting from hydrogen and nitrogen. Include a chemical equation to show the reaction
which occurs.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [5]
(iii) Name one raw material which is a source of the hydrogen used in the Haber process.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Ammonia is a base and reacts with sulfuric acid to form the salt, ammonium sulfate.
(i) What is meant by the term base?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the industrial process used to manufacture sulfuric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulfuric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

6
(c) When aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous iron(II) sulfate a green precipitate is seen. This
green precipitate turns red-brown at the surface.
(i) Name the green precipitate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest why the green precipitate turns red-brown at the surface.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) State what happens when an excess of aqueous ammonia is added to the green precipitate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/O/N/19

7
(d) Ammonia reacts with oxygen as shown.
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
(i) Calculate the volume of oxygen at room temperature and pressure, in dm3, that reacts with
4.80 dm3 of ammonia.
volume = .............................. dm3 [3]
(ii) The chemical equation for the reaction can be represented as shown.
4 H N H + 5 O O 4 N O + 6 H O H
Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change, in kJ / mol, which
occurs when one mole of NH3 reacts.
bond N–H O=O N=O O–H

bond energy in kJ / mol 391 498 587 464
.............................. kJ
.............................. kJ
●● Energy change when one mole of NH3 reacts.

[4]
[Total: 22]

8
4
Many substances conduct electricity.
(a) Identify all the particles responsible for the passage of electricity in:
● graphite ................................................................................................................................
● magnesium ribbon ...............................................................................................................
● molten copper(II) bromide. ..................................................................................................

[4]
(b) A student used the following apparatus to electrolyse concentrated aqueous sodium chloride
using inert electrodes.
concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride
inert electrodes
+ –
(i) Suggest the name of a metal which could be used as the inert electrodes.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii)
Name the gas formed at the positive electrode.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction occurring at the negative electrode. Include
state symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(iv) How, if at all, does the pH of the solution change during the electrolysis? Explain your
answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/O/N/19

9
(c) A student used the following electrochemical cell.
The reading on the voltmeter was +1.10 V.
voltmeter
zinc electrode copper electrode
(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of electron flow. [1]
(ii) Suggest the change, if any, in the voltmeter reading if the zinc electrode was replaced with
an iron electrode. Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii)
The zinc electrode was replaced with a silver electrode. The reading on the voltmeter was
–0.46 V.
Suggest why the sign of the voltmeter reading became negative.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 16]

10
5 Methanol, CH3OH, is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.
(a) Methanol can be made from methane in a two-step process.
step 1 Methane is reacted with chlorine gas to produce chloromethane, CH3Cl.
step 2 CH3Cl is reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce CH3OH and one other product.
(i) What conditions are needed in step 1?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction which occurs in step 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) State the type of organic reaction occurring in step 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Complete the chemical equation for step 2.
CH3Cl + NaOH CH3OH + .............................. [1]
(b) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of methanol.
H C O H
[2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/O/N/19

11
(c) Methanol reacts with propanoic acid to form an ester with a molecular formula C4H8O2.
(i) Name the ester formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name one other substance formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii)
Draw the structure of an ester which is a structural isomer of the ester named in (c)(i).
[3]
(iv) State the conditions needed to form an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2019 0620/42/O/N/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/O/N/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
*4049433183*
CHEMISTRY 0620/43
1 hour 15 minutes

IB19 11_0620_43/2RP
2
1 (a) Atoms are made of smaller particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.
Complete the table.
particle relative charge relative mass

1
electron 1840
neutron
proton +1
[2]
(b) The table gives information about atoms and ions A, B and C.
Complete the table.

symbol
A 14 13 13Al
27
B 12 12Mg
25 2+
C 10 10 9
[6]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

3
2 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances
D, E, F, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity

substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1610 2230 non-conductor non-conductor
E 801 1413 non-conductor good conductor
F –119 43 non-conductor non-conductor
G 1535 2750 good conductor good conductor
H 114 184 non-conductor non-conductor
I –210 –196 non-conductor non-conductor
Choose substances from the table which match the following descriptions. Each substance may be
used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which substance is a liquid at 25 °C? ................................................................................... [1]
(b) Which substance is a gas at 25 °C? �� [1]
(c) Which three substances contain simple molecules?
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) Which substance could be a metal? Give a reason for your answer.
substance ...................................................................................................................................
reason .........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) Which substance has a macromolecular structure? Give two reasons for your answer.
substance ...................................................................................................................................
reason 1 ......................................................................................................................................
reason 2 ......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(f) Which substance is an ionic solid? Give one reason for your answer.
substance ...................................................................................................................................
reason .........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 12]

4
3 (a) Name the ore of aluminium which mainly consists of aluminium oxide.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Aluminium is produced by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite.
waste gases
positive electrode
molten mixture of
negative electrode
aluminium oxide and cryolite
aluminium
(i) Give two reasons why the electrolysis is done using a molten mixture of aluminium oxide
and cryolite instead of molten aluminium oxide only.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Write ionic half-equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes.
positive electrode .................................................................................................................
negative electrode ...............................................................................................................

[2]
(iii) The anodes are made of carbon and have to be replaced regularly.
Explain why the carbon anodes have to be replaced regularly.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

5
(c) The positions of some common metals in the reactivity series are shown.
most reactive magnesium
aluminium
least reactive copper
(i) When magnesium is placed in aqueous copper(II) sulfate a displacement reaction occurs

immediately.
Write an ionic equation for the reaction. Include state symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State two observations you would make when magnesium is placed in aqueous
copper(II) sulfate.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) When aluminium foil is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate no immediate reaction takes
place.
Explain why.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Aluminium powder reacts with iron(III) oxide to produce aluminium oxide and iron.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 14]

6
4 This question is about phosphorus and compounds of phosphorus.
(a) A phosphorus molecule contains four phosphorus atoms only.
What is the formula of a phosphorus molecule?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Phosphorus reacts with chlorine gas to produce phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between phosphorus and chlorine to produce
phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3. Show outer shell electrons only.
Cl
Cl P Cl
[2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

7
(c) Gaseous phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3, reacts with gaseous chlorine to form gaseous
phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl 5.
PCl 3(g) + Cl 2(g) PCl 5(g)
The chemical equation for this reaction can be represented as shown.
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl P Cl + Cl Cl P Cl
Cl
Cl
(i) Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change, in kJ / mol, of the
reaction.
bond bond energy in kJ / mol

P– Cl 326
Cl – Cl 243
.............................. kJ
.............................. kJ
●● Energy change of reaction.

[3]
(ii) Deduce whether the energy change for this reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Explain
your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

8
(d) Under certain conditions the reaction reaches equilibrium.
PCl 3(g) + Cl 2(g) PCl 5(g)
State and explain the effect, if any, on the position of equilibrium if the pressure is increased.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Phosphine, PH3, is produced by the reaction between water and calcium phosphide, Ca3P2.
Ca3P2 + ......H2O ...........Ca(OH)2 + ......PH3[2]
(f) The phosphonium ion, PH4+, is similar to the ammonium ion.
(i) State the formula of the ammonium ion. �� [1]
(ii) Suggest the formula of phosphonium iodide. �� [1]
(g) Calcium phosphate contains the phosphate ion, PO43–.
What is the formula of calcium phosphate?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(h) Phosphorus forms another compound with hydrogen with the following composition by mass:
P, 93.94%; H, 6.06%.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.
(ii) The compound has a relative molecular mass of 66.
Deduce the molecular formula of the compound.
molecular formula = .............................. [1]
[Total: 19]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

9
5 Nitrates such as ammonium nitrate are used as fertilisers.
The final stage in the production of ammonium nitrate is shown in the equation.
Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O 2NH4NO3 + CaCO3

Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be produced from 820
g of
calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, using the following steps.
The relative formula mass, Mr, of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, = 164.
●● Calculate the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 in 820 g.
.............................. mol
●● Deduce the number of moles of NH4NO3 produced.
.............................. mol
●● Calculate the Mr of NH4NO3.
Mr of NH4NO3 = ..............................
●● Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate produced.
.............................. g
[4]

10
6 This question is about sulfuric acid and substances that can be made from sulfuric acid.
(a) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.
What is meant by the term strong acid ?
strong ..........................................................................................................................................
acid .............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide are used to make aqueous sodium sulfate,
Na2SO4(aq), or aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate, NaHSO4(aq). The method includes use of
the following apparatus.
conical flask
25.0 cm3 of aqueous

sodium hydroxide
25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.100 mol / dm3 was neutralised by

25.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 0.0500 mol / dm3. The equation for the reaction
is shown. This is reaction 1.
2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) reaction 1
The same technique and the same solutions can be used to make aqueous
sodium hydrogen sulfate. The equation for the reaction is shown. This is reaction 2.
NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) NaHSO4(aq) + H2O(l) reaction 2
Complete the table to calculate the volume of dilute sulfuric acid that reacts with 25.0 cm3 of
aqueous sodium hydroxide in reaction 2.
volume of 0.0500 mol / dm3 volume of 0.100 mol / dm3

dilute sulfuric acid in cm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide in cm3
reaction 1 25.0 25.0
reaction 2 25.0
[1]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

11
(c)
Aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate, NaHSO4(aq), contains the ions Na+(aq), H+(aq)
and SO42–(aq).
Describe what you would see if the following experiments were done.
(i) A flame test was done on aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Solid copper(II) oxide was added to aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate and the mixture
was warmed.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) A test can be done to show the presence of SO42–(aq) by adding acidified aqueous barium chloride
or acidified aqueous barium nitrate.
(i) State the observation that would show that SO42– is present.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs if SO42– is present. Include state
symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 9]

12
7 Addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation are two types of polymerisation.
(a) Which functional group is present in all the monomers which are used to make addition
polymers?
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Part of an addition polymer is shown.
C C C C C C
H H H H H H
(i) How many monomer units are needed to make the part of the addition polymer shown?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of the monomer that is used to make this addition polymer. Show all of
the atoms and all of the bonds.
Name the monomer.
name ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) State the empirical formula of:
the monomer .......................................................................................................................
the polymer. .........................................................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

13
(c) Complex carbohydrates are natural condensation polymers. They can be broken down into
colourless monomers which can then be separated and identified.
X is a complex carbohydrate.

Starting with a sample of X, describe how to produce, separate, detect and identify the
monomers which make it up.
Your answer should include:

●● the name of the process used to break down X into its monomers
●● two types of substance that can be used to break down X
●● the name of the process used to separate the monomers
●● the method used to detect the monomers after they have been separated
●● the method used to identify the monomers after they have been separated and detected.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [6]
(d) Synthetic polyamides are condensation polymers.
(i) Name a synthetic polyamide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Synthetic polyamides can be made by reacting carboxylic acids with amines.
Name the other substance that is produced in this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 14]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

Group
© UCLES 2019
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/O/N/19
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge IGCSE™
*1787085567*
CHEMISTRY0620/41
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
IB20 11_0620_41/2RP
2
1 (a) This question is about elements.
aluminium
carbon
iron
hydrogen
oxygen
silicon
sodium
sulfur
Answer the following questions about these elements.
(i) Name the element that can be used as a fuel.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the element that forms an oxide with a similar structure to diamond.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the element that forms an amphoteric oxide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Name the element that has oxidation states of +2 and +3.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Name the element extracted from bauxite.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Name the element that has atoms with the electronic structure 2,6.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

3
(b) Iron rusts when it is in contact with oxygen and water.
(i) Explain how sacrificial protection prevents rusting.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State one other method of rust prevention.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 9]

4
2 Zinc is extracted from an ore containing zinc sulfide.
(a) State the name of this zinc ore.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) This ore is converted to zinc oxide, ZnO.
Zinc oxide is then reacted with carbon.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of zinc oxide with carbon.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State what type of chemical change happens to the zinc in zinc oxide in this reaction.
chemical change ..................................................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Explain why aluminium is not extracted from aluminium oxide by heating with carbon.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Suggest an alternative method for the extraction of zinc from zinc oxide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Brass is an alloy of zinc.
Explain, in terms of particles, why brass is harder than pure zinc.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

5
3 (a) Aqueous ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The pungent-smelling gas ammonia, NH3, is produced.
Balance the equation for this reaction.
(NH4)2SO4 + ......NaOH → ......NH3 + ......H2O + Na2SO4[1]
(b) A 2.8 g sample of impure ammonium sulfate is found to contain 0.7 g of impurities.
Calculate the percentage of ammonium sulfate in this sample.
percentage of ammonium sulfate = .............................. % [1]
(c) Describe a test for ammonia gas.
test ..............................................................................................................................................
result ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Ammonia gas is prepared at the front of a laboratory.
The pungent smell of ammonia spreads throughout the laboratory slowly.
(i) Name the process that occurs when ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain, using ideas about particles, why ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) E
xplain why carbon dioxide gas, CO2, will spread throughout the laboratory at a slower
rate than ammonia gas, NH3.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

6
(e) Ammonia is produced in the Haber process.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(i) In the Haber process, a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres are
used in the presence of finely‑divided iron.
A larger equilibrium yield of ammonia would be produced if a lower temperature and a

higher pressure are used.
Explain why a lower temperature and a higher pressure are not used.
lower temperature ................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
higher pressure ....................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State the role of iron in the Haber process.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(f) Ammonia is a weak base.
(i) Explain the meaning of the term base.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

7
4 Air is a mixture of gases.
(a) S
tate the percentage of clean dry air which is oxygen. Give your answer to the nearest whole
number.
.............................. % [1]
(b) Oxygen and nitrogen are useful gases that can be obtained from air.
(i) Name the process used to separate oxygen and nitrogen from liquid air.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State the property of oxygen and nitrogen that allows these gases to be separated using
this process.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a covalent molecule.
Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in one molecule of CO2.
Show only the outer electrons.
O C O
[2]

8
(d) T
he graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over a 60‑year period,
measured in parts per million (ppm).
420
400
380
concentration of
carbon dioxide
/ ppm 360
340
320
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

year
The data shown in the graph is of global concern.
Explain why.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(e) N
ame the process in the carbon cycle by which plants remove carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

9
5 (a) Dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed using the apparatus shown in the diagram.
power
supply
+ – inert electrodes
(i) State what is meant by the term electrolysis.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain why inert electrodes are used.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the products formed at each electrode.
negative electrode ...............................................................................................................
positive electrode .................................................................................................................

[2]
(iv) Write an ionic half‑equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

10
(b) S
ulfuric acid is manufactured using the Contact process. This manufacture involves four
stages.
(i)
Stage 1 involves the combustion of sulfur to form sulfur dioxide.
Write the chemical equation for stage 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The equation for stage 2 is shown.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
The reaction can reach equilibrium.
Explain what is meant by the term equilibrium.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) The energy level diagram for the forward reaction in stage 2 is shown.
2SO2(g) + O2(g)
energy
2SO3(g)
Explain what the diagram shows about the energy changes in the forward reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

11
(c) In stage 3 sulfur trioxide, SO3, is converted to oleum, H2S2O7.
In stage 4 oleum reacts to form sulfuric acid, H2SO4.
State what oleum reacts with in stage 4.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) A sample of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a concentration of 0.75 mol / dm3.
Calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid in g / dm3.
.............................. g / dm3 [2]
[Total: 15]

12
6 (a) Ethane, propane and butane are members of the same homologous series.
(i) Name this homologous series.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State two ways members of the same homologous series are similar.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) One mole of ethane, C2H6, contains 6.02 × 1023 molecules.
Calculate how many molecules are in 15 g of ethane.
number of ethane molecules = .............................. [1]
(c) Propane reacts with chlorine.
(i) Write the formula of the product which does not contain carbon.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of an organic product formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.
[1]
(iii) State the name of this type of reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

13
(d) (i) Aqueous bromine was added to a sample of ethene.
Give the colour change seen.
from ............................................................. to ............................................................. [2]
(ii) Explain, in terms of bonding, why there is no colour change when aqueous bromine is
added to ethane.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(e) There are two structural isomers with the formula C4H10.
(i) Draw the structures of both of these isomers, showing all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
(ii) Butane is formed when longer chain hydrocarbons are cracked.
Complete the chemical equation to show the other product when butane is formed by
cracking.
C6H14 → C4H10 + ................................ [1]

14
(f) A compound contains 85.7% carbon and 14.3% hydrogen by mass.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.
Show your working.
.............................. [2]
(ii) The molecular mass of the compound is 112.
Calculate the molecular formula of this compound.
.............................. [1]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

15
7 (a) Ethanol can be manufactured by two different methods.
Method 1: fermentation of a sugar, C6H12O6
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Method 2: reaction of ethene with steam
C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH
(i) Give one advantage of using fermentation compared with Method 2.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Give one disadvantage of using fermentation compared with Method 2.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
thanol reacts with acidified potassium manganate(VII) to form water and a product that turns
(b) E
litmus red.
(i) State the name of the product that turns the litmus red.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) S
tate the type of reaction that ethanol undergoes when it reacts with acidified
potassium manganate(VII).
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Ethanol reacts with methanoic acid to form an ester.
(i) Name the ester formed in this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of the ester formed.

[1]

16
(d) The table shows the melting points of ethanol and sodium chloride.
substance melting point / °C

ethanol –114
sodium chloride 801
he difference in melting points is due to differences in attractive forces between particles in

T
these substances.
ame the type of attractive force in each substance, which is responsible for the difference in
N
melting points.
ethanol ........................................................................................................................................
sodium chloride ..........................................................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

17
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

18
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

19
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/41/O/N/20

Group
© UCLES 2020
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
20
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/41/O/N/20
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge IGCSE™
*7179838283*
CHEMISTRY0620/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
IB20 11_0620_42/4RP
2
1 The electronic structures of some atoms and ions are shown.
A B C D
2+ 3–
+
E F G H
–
–
(a) Write the letters, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, of the electronic structures which show:
(i) atoms of two different noble gases ....................................... and ��

[2]
(ii) an ion of a Group I element ........................................................................................... [1]
(iii) an ion of a Group V element .......................................................................................... [1]
(iv) a pair of ions that could form a compound with the formula XY2. ............ and .............. [1]
(b) State which electronic structure, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, is incorrect.
Explain why.
incorrect electronic structure ��
explanation .................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) State how many protons are found in the nucleus of ion C. ................................................. [1]
(d) Use the Periodic Table to deduce:
(i) the chemical symbol for ion G ....................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the element which forms an ion with a 3+ charge and the same electronic structure as H.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/O/N/20

3
2 Soluble salts can be made by adding a metal carbonate to a dilute acid.
(a) Give the formula of the dilute acid which reacts with a metal carbonate to form a nitrate salt.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) A student wanted to make hydrated iron(II) sulfate crystals, FeSO4•xH2O, by adding excess
iron(II) carbonate to dilute sulfuric acid. The student followed the procedure shown.
step 1 Add dilute sulfuric acid to a beaker.
step 2 Add small amounts of iron(II) carbonate to the dilute sulfuric acid in the beaker until
the iron(II) carbonate is in excess.
step 3 Filter the mixture formed in step 2.
step 4 Heat the filtrate until it is a saturated solution. Allow to cool.
step 5 Once cold, pour away the remaining solution. Dry the crystals between filter papers.
(i) Why must the iron(II) carbonate be added in excess in step 2?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State two observations in step 2 that would show that iron(II) carbonate was in excess.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Describe what should be done during step 3 to ensure there is a maximum yield of crystals.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) A saturated solution is formed in step 4.
Describe what a saturated solution is.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(v) Name a different compound that could be used instead of iron(II) carbonate to produce
hydrated iron(II) sulfate crystals from dilute sulfuric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

4
(c) On analysing the crystals, the student found that one mole of the hydrated iron(II) sulfate
crystals, FeSO4•xH2O, had a mass of 278 g.
Determine the value of x using the following steps:
●● calculate the mass of one mole of FeSO4
mass = .............................. g
●● calculate the mass of H2O present in one mole of FeSO4•xH2O
mass of H2O = .............................. g
●● determine the value of x.
x = ..............................
[3]
(d) Insoluble salts can be made by mixing solutions of two soluble salts.
A student followed the procedure shown to make silver bromide, an insoluble salt.
step 1 A
dd aqueous silver nitrate to a beaker. Then add aqueous potassium bromide and
stir.
step 2 Filter the mixture formed in step 1.
step 3 Dry the residue.
(i) State the term used to describe this method of making salts.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Give the observation the student would make during step 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous
potassium bromide.
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/O/N/20

5
(e) Sodium chloride is an ionic salt. It can be made by reacting sodium with chlorine gas.
The equation for this reaction is shown.
2Na(s) + Cl 2(g) → 2NaCl (s)
Calculate the volume of chlorine gas, in cm3, that reacts to form 2.34 g of NaCl .
The reaction takes place at room temperature and pressure.
volume of chlorine gas = .............................. cm3 [3]
(f) Sodium chloride does not conduct electricity when solid, but does conduct electricity when
molten.
(i) Explain why, in terms of structure and bonding.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(ii) Name the product formed at the positive electrode when electricity is passed through
molten sodium chloride.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) State the type of change that occurs at the positive electrode in (ii).
Explain your answer in terms of electron transfer.
type of change .....................................................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) Describe what else can be done to sodium chloride to allow it to conduct electricity.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 26]

6
3 Group I metals are very reactive. Transition elements are also metals but are less reactive than
Group I metals.
(a) State two physical properties of Group I metals which are similar to those of transition metals.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Describe two ways in which the physical properties of Group I metals are different from those
of transition metals.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) When Group I metals are added to water they fizz and an alkaline solution forms.
(i) Name the gas given off.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Identify the ion present in the solution which makes the solution alkaline.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and water.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) When the transition element iron is added to water the iron rusts.
When an iron object is coated with a layer of zinc, rusting is prevented.
(i) Name this process of coating iron objects with a layer of zinc.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain how completely coating an iron object with a layer of zinc prevents rusting.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Rusting of iron ships can be prevented by attaching zinc blocks to the hull of the ship.
Explain how this prevents rusting.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/O/N/20

7
4 Alkenes and alkanes are homologous series of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms.
(a) State the name of the type of compound made from carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Alkenes take part in addition reactions.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term addition reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Draw the structure of the product made in the addition reaction between propene and
bromine. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
(iii) Describe the colour change seen when propene is added to aqueous bromine.
from ............................................................ to ............................................................. [2]
(iv) Draw the structures of molecules of two different alkenes which both undergo an addition
reaction with steam to form butan-2-ol. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
(c) Propane undergoes a substitution reaction with chlorine.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between one molecule of propane and one
molecule of chlorine.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]

8
5 This question is about alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters.
(a) Ethanol will react with hot aqueous potassium manganate(VII) to form ethanoic acid.
(i) State the other condition needed for this reaction to take place.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the type of chemical change that happens to the ethanol during this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) The structure of ethanoic acid is shown.
H O
H C C
H O H

ethanoic acid.
H O
H C C
H O H
[3]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/O/N/20

9
(b) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid and hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.
Complete the table to show the similarities and differences in the properties of samples of
these two acids of equal concentration.
dilute ethanoic acid dilute hydrochloric acid
extent of dissociation
colour after adding

universal indicator solution
observation when
magnesium ribbon is added
[6]
(c) Ethanoic acid will react with an alcohol to form the ester shown.
H O H C H
H C C O C H
H H C H
(i) Name the other product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with an alcohol to make this
ester.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Give one condition needed when ethanoic acid reacts with the alcohol to make this ester.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Draw the structure of the alcohol which was added to ethanoic acid to make this ester.
[2]

10
(d) Polyesters can be manufactured from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Hexanedioic acid has the structure: HOOC–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–COOH.
This structure can be simplified as shown.
O O
H O C C O H
Ethanediol has the structure: HO–CH2–CH2–OH.
This structure can be simplified as shown.
H O O H
The functional groups are found at the end of each molecule.
(i) State what is meant by the term functional group.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Determine the empirical formula of hexanedioic acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen present in ethanediol.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
.............................. % [2]
(iv) Complete the diagram to show a section of polyester manufactured from hexanedioic acid
and ethanediol. Include all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.
[2]
(v) State the name of a polyester.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 22]
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/O/N/20

11
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/42/O/N/20

Group
© UCLES 2020
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/42/O/N/20
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge IGCSE™
*0774897954*
CHEMISTRY0620/43
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
IB20 11_0620_43/4RP R
2
1 The names of nine substances are shown.
aluminium oxide
ammonia
carbon monoxide
anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride
hydrated copper(II) sulfate
iron(III) oxide
nitrogen dioxide
silver
steel
Answer the following questions using these substances. Each substance may be used once, more
than once or not at all.
Name the substance that is:
(a) the main constituent of hematite �� [1]
(b) a gas produced in car engines which causes acid rain �� [1]
(c) an alkaline gas �� [1]
(d) an element �� [1]
(e) a gas formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels �� [1]
(f) used to test for the presence of water. �� [1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

3
2
The table gives information about five particles, A, B, C, D and E.

particle
A 10 13 11
B 18 20 18
C 18 18 18
D 10 12 8
E 10 10 10
(a) State the atomic number of A.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State the nucleon number of B.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Write the electronic structure of C.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Give the letters of all the particles which are:
(i) atoms �� [1]
(ii) positive ions �� [1]
(iii) negative ions �� [1]
(iv) isotopes of each other. �� [1]
[Total: 7]

4
3 This question is about nitrogen and some of its compounds.
(a) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
nitrogen, N2.
Show the outer shell electrons only.
N N
[2]
(b) Nitrogen can be converted into ammonia by the Haber process.
(i) Describe how nitrogen is obtained for the Haber process.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Give the essential reaction conditions and write a chemical equation for the reaction
occurring in the Haber process.
chemical equation: ...............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
reaction conditions: ..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[5]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

5
(c) Some of the ammonia made by the Haber process is converted into nitric acid.
The first stage of this process is the oxidation of ammonia to make nitrogen monoxide.
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
The process is carried out at 900 °C and a pressure of 5 atmospheres using an alloy of platinum
and rhodium as a catalyst.
(i) State the meaning of the term catalyst.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State the meaning of the term oxidation.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Complete the table using the words increase, decrease or no change.
effect on the rate effect on the equilibrium

of the forward reaction yield of NO(g)
increasing the temperature
increasing the pressure
[4]
(d) Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is converted into nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
The nitrogen dioxide reacts with oxygen and water to produce nitric acid as the only product.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]

6
(e) Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is a fertiliser.
Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate.
.............................. % [2]
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

7
4 Zinc is manufactured from zinc blende. Zinc blende is an ore which consists mainly of zinc sulfide,
ZnS.
(a) Zinc blende is roasted in air. One of the products is zinc oxide.
Name the other product formed in this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Zinc oxide is then converted into zinc.
Zinc oxide and coke, a source of carbon, are heated in a furnace. Hot air is blown into the
furnace.
(i) Give two reasons why coke is needed.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the formation of zinc in the furnace.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Zinc has a melting point of 420 °C and a boiling point of 907 °C. The temperature inside the
furnace is 1200 °C.
Explain how this information shows that the zinc produced inside the furnace is a gas.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) The gaseous zinc is converted to molten zinc.
Name this change of state.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

8
(c) Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce aqueous zinc sulfate.
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Hydrated zinc sulfate crystals are made from aqueous zinc sulfate.
Step 1 Solid zinc is added to dilute sulfuric acid until zinc is in excess.
Step 2 Excess zinc is separated from aqueous zinc sulfate by filtration.
Step 3 Aqueous zinc sulfate is heated until the solution is saturated.
Step 4 The saturated solution is allowed to cool and crystallise.
Step 5 The crystals are removed and dried.
(i) Name the residue in step 2.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) In step 3, a saturated solution is produced.
Describe what a saturated solution is.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Name two compounds each of which react with dilute sulfuric acid to produce aqueous
zinc sulfate.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

9
(d) When hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals, MgSO4•xH2O, are heated they give off water.
MgSO4•xH2O(s) → MgSO4(s) + xH2O(g)
A student carries out an experiment to determine the value of x in MgSO4•xH2O.
Step 1 Hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals were weighed.
Step 2 Hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals were heated.
Step 3 The remaining solid was weighed.
(i) Describe how the student can ensure that all the water is given off.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) In an experiment, all the water was removed from 1.23 g of MgSO4•xH2O. The mass of
MgSO4 remaining was 0.60 g.
Mr: MgSO4 = 120; Mr: H2O = 18
Determine the value of x using the following steps.
● Calculate the number of moles of MgSO4 remaining.
moles of MgSO4 = ..............................
● Calculate the mass of H2O given off.
mass of H2O = .............................. g
● Calculate the moles of H2O given off.
moles of H2O = ..............................
● Determine the value of x.
x = ..............................
[4]
[Total: 17]

10
5 Group I elements, Group VII elements and transition elements are found in different parts of the
Periodic Table.
(a) Describe the trend in the reactivity of Group I elements.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) When potassium is added to water a chemical reaction occurs.
(i) State two observations that can be made when potassium is added to water.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of potassium with water.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c)
Excess aqueous potassium iodide is added to chlorine.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous potassium iodide is
added to chlorine.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State the final colour of the reaction mixture.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Sodium is extracted from sodium chloride by electrolysis.
(i) State the meaning of the term electrolysis.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State what must be done to sodium chloride before it can be electrolysed to produce
sodium.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Write an ionic half-equation for the change that occurs at the cathode during this electrolysis.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

11
(e) Chromium is a transition element.
● hromium has a high melting point.

C
● Chromium is a good conductor of electricity.
● Many chromium compounds are soluble in water.
● Hydrated chromium(III) sulfate is green.
● Chromium forms the chlorides CrCl 2 and CrCl 3.
● Oxides of chromium act as catalysts in the manufacture of poly(ethene).
(i) Use this information to give two properties of chromium which are different from properties
of Group I elements such as sodium.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Use this information to give two properties of chromium which are similar to properties of
Group I elements such as sodium.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 16]

12
6 (a) A carboxylic acid and an ester are structural isomers.
(i) State the meaning of the term structural isomers.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Draw the structures of the carboxylic acid and the ester which both contain two carbon
atoms.
Name the carboxylic acid and the ester.
carboxylic acid ester
name ................................................ name ................................................
[4]
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

13
(b) Part of a polyester chain is shown. This polyester is made from one monomer.
O O O O
O C O C O C O C
(i)
On the diagram draw a ring around one unit of the polymer that is repeated. [1]
(ii) Name the type of polymerisation that produces polyesters.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Complete the diagram to show the structure of the monomer used to produce this polyester.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the functional groups.
[2]
(c) A polyamide is made from the two monomers shown.
H 2N NH2 HOOC COOH
Complete the diagram to show a section of the polyamide made from the two monomers.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.
[2]
(d) Naturally occurring polyamides are constituents of food.
(i) State the name given to naturally occurring polyamides.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the monomers which form naturally occurring polyamides.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 14]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2020 0620/43/O/N/20

Group
© UCLES 2020
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/O/N/20
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (9 –1)
*0969174347*
CHEMISTRY 0971/42
1 hour 15 minutes

IB18 11_0971_42/FP
2
1 Element X can undergo the following physical changes.
gaseous X
boiling or
evaporation
2
liquid X 4
3
1
solid X
(a) (i) Give the scientific name for each of the numbered physical changes.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
3 ...........................................................................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................................................................................
[4]
(ii) Explain why the changes shown are physical changes.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) One difference between boiling and evaporation is the rate at which the processes occur.
State one other difference between boiling and evaporation.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Describe the separation, arrangement and motion of particles of element X in the solid state.
separation ...................................................................................................................................
arrangement ...............................................................................................................................
motion .........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) Element X is a Group I metal. It burns in air to form an oxide X2O.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

3
2 Magnesium, calcium and strontium are Group II elements.
(a) Complete the table to show the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom.
shell number 1 2 3 4
number of electrons
[1]
(b) Describe how the arrangement of electrons in a strontium atom is:
(i) similar to the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) different from the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Calcium reacts with cold water to form two products:
●● colourless gas, P, which ‘pops’ with a lighted splint

a
●● a weakly alkaline solution, Q, which turns milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.
(i) Name gas P.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Identify the ion responsible for making solution Q alkaline.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Suggest the pH of solution Q.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of calcium with cold water.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

4
(d) M
agnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride, MgCl 2. Magnesium chloride is
an ionic compound.
(i) Complete the diagrams to show the electronic structures of the ions in magnesium chloride.
Show the charges on the ions.
...... ...... ......
Cl Mg Cl
[3]
(ii) Give three physical properties that are typical of ionic compounds such as MgCl 2.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
3 ...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(e) Aqueous magnesium chloride is added to aqueous silver nitrate. A white precipitate forms.
Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

5
3 Sulfur is an important element.
(a) Explain how burning fossil fuels containing sulfur leads to the formation of acid rain.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) S
ulfuric acid is manufactured by the Contact process. One step in the Contact process involves
a reversible reaction in which sulfur trioxide, SO3, is formed.
(i) W
rite a chemical equation for this reversible reaction. Include the correct symbol to show
that the reaction is reversible.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State the conditions and name the catalyst used in this reversible reaction.
temperature .........................................................................................................................
pressure ...............................................................................................................................
catalyst ................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iii) D
escribe how the sulfur trioxide formed is converted into sulfuric acid in the next steps of
the Contact process.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

6
(c) Dilute sulfuric acid is used to make salts known as sulfates.
A method consisting of three steps is used to make zinc sulfate from zinc carbonate.
step 1 A
dd an excess of zinc carbonate to 20 cm3 of 0.4 mol / dm3 dilute sulfuric acid until
the reaction is complete.
step 2 Filter the mixture.
step 3 Heat the filtrate until a saturated solution forms and then allow it to crystallise.
(i) Name a suitable piece of apparatus for measuring 20 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid in step 1.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State two observations which would show that the reaction is complete in step 1.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Why is it important to add an excess of zinc carbonate in step 1?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) What is meant by the term saturated solution in step 3?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(v) The equation for the reaction is shown.
ZnCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSO4(......) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Complete the equation by inserting the state symbol for zinc sulfate. [1]
(vi) N
ame another zinc compound which could be used to make zinc sulfate from dilute
sulfuric acid using this method.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vii) Suggest why this method would not work to make barium sulfate from barium carbonate
and dilute sulfuric acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

7
(d) In a titration, a student added 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide to a

conical flask. The student then added a few drops of methyl orange to the solution in the
conical flask.
Dilute sulfuric acid was then added from a burette to the conical flask. The volume of dilute
sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the aqueous sodium hydroxide was 20.0 cm3.
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(i) What was the colour of the methyl orange in the aqueous sodium hydroxide?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Determine the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm3.
● alculate the number of moles of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the conical
C
flask.
.............................. mol
● Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid added from the burette.
.............................. mol
● Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in mol / dm3.
.............................. mol / dm3
● Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm3.
.............................. g / dm3
[4]

8
(e) Iron(II) sulfate decomposes when heated strongly.
2FeSO4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
15.20 g of FeSO4(s) was heated and formed 4.80 g of Fe2O3(s).
[Mr, FeSO4 = 152; Mr, Fe2O3 = 160]
Calculate the percentage yield for this reaction.
.............................. % [3]
[Total: 26]
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

9
4 A student investigated the progress of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, and an
excess of large pieces of marble, CaCO3, using the apparatus shown.
gas syringe
dilute
hydrochloric acid an excess of large
pieces of marble
(a) A graph of the volume of gas produced against time is shown.
150
100
volume of gas
produced / cm3
50
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
time / s
(i) How does the shape of the graph show that the rate of reaction decreased as the reaction
progressed?
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Why did the rate of reaction decrease as the reaction progressed?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) After how many seconds did the reaction finish?
.............................. s [1]
(b) T
he experiment was repeated using the same mass of smaller pieces of marble. All other
conditions were kept the same.
Draw a graph on the grid to show the progress of the reaction using the smaller pieces of
marble. [2]

10
(c) The original experiment was repeated at a higher temperature. All other conditions were kept
the same.
escribe and explain, in terms of collisions between particles, the effect of using a higher
D
temperature on the time taken for the reaction to finish.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

11
5 Alkynes are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

ll members contain a C≡C triple bond.
A
(a) Complete the table showing information about the first three alkynes.
formula C 2H 2 C3 H 4
structure H–C≡C–H H–C≡C–CH3 H–C≡C–CH2–CH3
name ethyne butyne

[2]
(b) C
omplete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of ethyne,
H–C≡C–H. Show outer shell electrons only.
H C C H
[2]
(c) Compounds in the same homologous series have the same general formula.
(i) Give two other characteristics of members of a homologous series.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Use the information in the table in (a) to deduce the general formula of alkynes.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Alkynes are unsaturated.
Describe a test for unsaturation.
test ..............................................................................................................................................
result ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

12
(e) (i) Name an oxidising agent which can be used to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Draw the structure of ethanoic acid. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[1]
(f) Carboxylic acids can be converted into esters.
(i) T
he ester formed by reacting propanoic acid and methanol has the molecular formula
C4H8O2.
Name this ester and draw its structure. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
name of the ester .................................................................................................................
structure of the ester
[2]
(ii) Name another ester with the molecular formula C4H8O2.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(g) Polyesters are polymers.
(i) What type of polymerisation is used in the manufacture of polyesters?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name a polyester.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

13
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0971/42/O/N/18

Group
© UCLES 2018
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0971/42/O/N/18
lanthanoids
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2016

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

1 (a) The table below gives information about particles.

number of number of electronic charge on

(b) Gallium is a Group III element.

Define the term element.

(c) The following are gallium atoms.

Complete the following table.

number of number of number of

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

(d) When rubidium is added to cold water a reaction occurs.

most reactive least reactive

(e) The phosphate ion has the formula PO43–.

Deduce the formula of rubidium phosphate.

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

3 Carbon dioxide and silicon(IV) oxide are oxides of Group IV elements.

(a) Complete the following table.

carbon dioxide silicon(IV) oxide

melting point / °C –56 1610

physical state at 25 °C gas

conduction of electricity non-conductor

(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why carbon dioxide is a non-conductor of electricity.

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

(a) What is meant by the term catalyst?

(i) When is the rate of reaction highest?

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

................. mol [1]

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume (at r.t.p.) of oxygen produced.

................. dm3 [1]

................. dm3 [1]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

5 This question is about compounds of nitrogen.

(ii) Give one use of ammonia.

(b) The diagram shows the structure of a hydrazine molecule.

(c) Hydrazine is a base.

(i) Define the term base.

N2H4 + H2O → .............. + .............. [1]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

(d) Nitrogen dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant.

(i) State one environmental problem caused by nitrogen dioxide.

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

Deduce the formula of the negative ion.

(ii) Give one use of sulfur dioxide.

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

7 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are examples of hydrocarbons.

(i) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?

(ii) Give the general formula of straight-chain

(b) A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

(ii) Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88.

1 (a) The table below gives information about particles.

(b) Gallium is a Group III element.

Define the term element.

(c) The following are gallium atoms.

Complete the following table.

(d) When rubidium is added to cold water a reaction occurs.

(e) The phosphate ion has the formula PO43–.

3 Carbon dioxide and silicon(IV) oxide are oxides of Group IV elements.

(a) Complete the following table.

(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why carbon dioxide is a non-conductor of electricity.

(a) What is meant by the term catalyst?

(i) When is the rate of reaction highest?

(iii) Calculate the volume (at r.t.p.) of oxygen produced.

5 This question is about compounds of nitrogen.

(ii) Give one use of ammonia.

(b) The diagram shows the structure of a hydrazine molecule.

(c) Hydrazine is a base.

(i) Define the term base.

(d) Nitrogen dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant.

(i) State one environmental problem caused by nitrogen dioxide.

Deduce the formula of the negative ion.

(ii) Give one use of sulfur dioxide.

7 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are examples of hydrocarbons.

(i) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?

(ii) Give the general formula of straight-chain

(b) A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

(ii) Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88.

Deduce the molecular formula of compound X.

(c) An ester has the molecular formula C3H6O2.

(e) A polyester is represented by the structure shown.

(i) What type of polymerisation is used for the production of polyesters?

(ii) Which simple molecule is removed when the polyester is formed?

1 (a) Five organic compounds have the following structures.

(i) Which compound is butane?

(ii) Which two compounds are structural isomers of each other?

(iii) Which compound can be made by reacting an alkene with bromine?

(iv) Which compound is a saturated hydrocarbon?

(v) Which compound has the empirical formula C2H5?

(i) Name the fraction which is the most viscous.

(ii) Name the fraction with the smallest molecules.

(iv) Fraction X is used as jet fuel.

(v) What happens at point Y on the diagram?

2 Silver dichromate, Ag2Cr2O7, is a red insoluble salt.

(b) (i) The charge on a silver ion is +1.

Deduce the charge on the dichromate ion in Ag2Cr2O7.

(d) The apparatus shown was set up.

(ii) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature.

(e) Ammonium dichromate, (NH4)2Cr2O7, undergoes thermal decomposition.

(i) What is meant by thermal decomposition?

The reaction can reach equilibrium.

(a) What is meant by the term equilibrium for a reversible reaction?

(ii) Nitrosyl chloride has a boiling point of –6 °C.

Explain why nitrosyl chloride has a low boiling point.

4 Copper(II) sulfate solution was electrolysed using the apparatus shown.

(i) The ionic half-equation for the formation of oxygen is shown.

Explain why this reaction is oxidation.

5 Iron is extracted from its ore using a blast furnace.

(ii) How is the carbon removed from the iron?

6 Barium carbonate decomposes when heated.

(ii) Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used.

7 (a) The diagram shows part of the structure of an addition polymer.

Describe what would be seen in each case.