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Presentation Report - Excretory System

The document summarizes a presentation by Group 1 on the excretory system. It includes 7 questions from students about various aspects of the excretory system and Group 1's answers providing details on: 1) How the liver detoxifies toxins through Kupffer cells and the mechanisms can be overwhelmed. 2) How the kidneys can still function to remove sweat components even without sweat glands. 3) The three ways carbon dioxide is transported in the blood and removed via the lungs. 4) How kidney and bladder stones form from mineral crystallization due to impaired absorption or urine retention. 5) A rare condition called hematohidrosis where a person sweats blood due to capillary rupt

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Gresia Falentina
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36 views6 pages

Presentation Report - Excretory System

The document summarizes a presentation by Group 1 on the excretory system. It includes 7 questions from students about various aspects of the excretory system and Group 1's answers providing details on: 1) How the liver detoxifies toxins through Kupffer cells and the mechanisms can be overwhelmed. 2) How the kidneys can still function to remove sweat components even without sweat glands. 3) The three ways carbon dioxide is transported in the blood and removed via the lungs. 4) How kidney and bladder stones form from mineral crystallization due to impaired absorption or urine retention. 5) A rare condition called hematohidrosis where a person sweats blood due to capillary rupt

Uploaded by

Gresia Falentina
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

“ EXCRETORY SYSTEM ”

PRESENTATION REPORT

Submitted as One of the Requirements for Passing the Course


Human Anatomy Physiology

By Group 1 :

Aisyah Warrahma (4193141006)


Bismi Amrina ( 4191141012 )
Eunike Manurung (4193141007)

Education Biology Education Study Program

DEPARTEMENT OF BIOLOGY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
MEDAN
2021
Question and Answer abot Excretory System

1. Question 1 (Maam)
How is the mechanism of red blood cells that carry toxic either from alcohol, cigarettes,
or illegal drugs into the liver. connect these mechanisms to the sinusoids in the liver.
Answer :
Each hepatocyte is adjacent to the vascular space, namely sinusoids, at least one side and
the other hepatocytes on the other. Apart from liver cells, venous sinusoids are lined by
two other cell types: (1) specialized endothelial cells and (2) large Kuppfer cells (also
known as reticuloendothelial cells) which are capable of phagocytes of bacteria and other
foreign bodies in the blood of the hepatic sinus. The liver contains a special type of cell
capable of consuming toxic substances. These cells are known as kupfer cells. Kupffer
cells will detoxify toxins in the blood with the help of enzymes and special chemicals
called xenobiotics. Through several stages, enzymes and chemicals in liver cells will
break down or change the nature of the toxic substances so that they can be excreted
through urine. Various substances that can be detoxified by the liver apart from food
substances are ammonia, metabolic waste of the body, drugs, alcohol, and other
chemicals.
However, keep in mind that the liver's capacity to neutralize toxins in the body is limited.
If excess toxins enter the body, the liver will certainly be "overwhelmed" in detoxifying
the poison because it exceeds its capacity. If this happens for a long time, liver damage
can occur so that general liver function will decrease.

2. Question 2 (Maam)
Maam has heard of a case where someone was born with an abnormality, where they
don't have sweat glands in their body, so they have to be splashed with water to
normalize their temperature. Well, the question is, where is the sweat metabolism that
should be disposed of when he doesn't have sweat glands?
Answer:
As we know that the skin is one of the organs of the excretory system that secretes
sweat. However, what we need to know is that the skin releases only a small percentage
of sweat from our body. From the composition of sweat which consists of water,
minerals, lactate, etc., the composition also can be digested by the kidneys. What I mean
is, when a person does not have sweat glands, he can still survive if he has kidneys that
can function properly. If the person does not have sweat glands, the sweat will not come
out of the sweat glands, however, the sweat will return to the blood and flow to the
kidneys. So, i think another function of the sweat glands is actually to maintain the
balance of the body. Because, if the kidney work too hard, it will make unbalance of our
body like in that case (Eunike Manurung).

3. Question 3 (Maam)
How is the mechanism of CO2 formation in the blood in the lungs?
Answer :
In the excretory system, the lungs function to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
vapor (H2O). Carbon dioxide and water vapor are then released and expelled by the
lungs through the nose. Instead, oxygen is taken. The amount of oxygen taken up through
the air itself varies depending on the needs and it is usually influenced by various things.
Call it the type of work, body size, and the amount and type of food eaten. As a result of
metabolic waste, CO2 is transported by the blood in three ways, namely
(1) Carbon dioxide dissolves in plasma, and forms carbonic acid with the anhydrase
enzyme (7% of all CO2);
(2) Carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin in the form of carbomino hemoglobin (23% of
all CO2); and
(3) Carbon dioxide is bound to the bicarbonate ion group (HCO3) through the chloride
exchange chain process (70% of all CO2).
Carbon dioxide and water metabolized in the tissues are transported by the blood through
the veins to be carried to the heart. From the heart, it will be pumped into the lungs to
diffuse in the alveolus. Furthermore, H2O and CO2 can diffuse or can be excreted in the
alveoli of the lungs because the alveolus empties into many capillaries that have thin
membranes. (Aisyah Warahma)

4. Question 4 (Maam)
How is the process of kidney stones occurring and how do kidney stones crystallize?
Answer :
The cause of kidney stone crystallization that occurs in the kidneys is caused by the
kidneys not being able to absorb the minerals in the blood or urine, which results in
deposition in the kidneys. These minerals can be in the form of calcium, potassium, and
so on. In addition, bladder stones occur when the urine does not come out completely.
The bladder's job is to collect urine from the kidneys until it is time to excrete it when
you want to urinate. After urinating, the bladder should be empty. However, some health
problems can prevent this from happening and cause urine to remain in the bladder.
Eventually, the remaining urine becomes concentrated and the minerals in it will
crystallize into stones. (Bismi Amrina)

5. Question 5 (Ratu Nurul Aulia)


Thank you for the presentation from group 1, I would like to ask group 1, what do you
think about the special function of the left lobe in the liver which is more pointed shape
and also what happened if our kidneys have problems, and also what if our kidneys have
problems, will these beneficial substances just come out with urine? Thank you.
Answer:
Thank you for the question, queen. Regarding the first question, we did not find a
specific function of the left liver lobe which is more pointed, but there are several
references that state left liver lobe which is more pointed make sonographer work more
easy. It happened because when we looking at the front of the liver, the left lobe of liver
is divided from the right by the falciform ligament, which attaches the liver to the front
wall of the body. The size of the left lobe of the liver varies considerably; a more
prominent left lobe will allow the sonographer to image the pancreas and vascular
structures anterior to the spine.
For the answer to the second question, when the kidneys have a problem, of
course the kidneys cannot absorb substances that are useful for the body so that the urine
that comes out of the body can still have substances that should be useful for the body
such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidius. If it is allowed to continue, the system in
our body will definitely experience various complications. Therefore, we are encouraged
to take care of both our kidneys. Because if there is only one kidney, there will be an
imbalance in the body which causes our body to tire faster (Eunike Manurung).
6. Question 6 (Yana Sofia Putri)
As we know that the excretory organs are the kidneys, the kidneys produce urine, why is
there a difference in urine, and why does that happen? is it true that if we don't drink
enough, the color of urine is brown? Is that correct or not?
Answer :
It turns out that urine can be used as an early diagnosis of a disease. From now on you
should often pay attention to changes in urine and consult a doctor. Urine has a different
color depending on how much mineral water is consumed. Nutritionist, Mita Erika said
that the more mineral water is consumed, the clearer the color of urine the body releases.
Change in urine color occurs when there is a disturbance or problem in the body. One of
the most common urine colors is Dark Yellow. Food also affects the color, concentration,
and odor of urine. Especially consuming foods that have a thick color such as beets, B
vitamins, beta carotene which can cause an orange color. Vegetables such as carrots, if
consumed in excess, can also change the color of urine.
Then, taking drugs can also change the urine, such as antibiotics, laxatives, and anti-
inflammatory can cause dark yellow urine. Urine that has blood in it is called hematuaria.
Hematuria can arise due to cancer of the kidneys or bladder and inflammation of the
bladder, bladder tract, or kidneys. This incident can happen to anyone, including parents,
children, and adolescents. (Aisyah Warahma)

7. Question 7 (Salwa Khairani Ahmad)


A disease or abnormality of the excretory system, namely the skin on the sweat glands,
where I have read there is a rare disease where a person should not sweat, but bleed. what
is the name of the disease and what is the cause?
Answer :
Hematohidrosis, also known as hematidrosis, is a condition in which a person sweats
blood. Not much information is known about hematohidrosis as it is a very rare disease.
Allegedly, hematohidrosis is caused by bleeding in the capillaries that drain blood to the
sweat glands. Capillaries are small blood vessels located in body tissues that carry
essential nutrients throughout the body. Normally, the body produces chemicals such as
the hormones cortisol and adrenaline, to prepare the body for threats. The release of
cortisol and adrenaline makes the body more energized and alert. However, in people
with hematohidrosis, this self-defense reaction triggers capillary rupture. As a result,
blood exits through the sweat glands from the broken blood vessels. This condition may
be triggered by high blood pressure, severe stress, emotional distress, or extreme fatigue.
In addition, there are other factors that are thought to cause hematohidrosis. The first is
the discharge of menstrual blood not from the uterus, and the second is psychogenic
purpura or a condition in which bleeding occurs suddenly without cuts or bruises.
However, all these allegations still require further research. (Bismi Amrina)

Score of Post Test


Students Name Score
Ratu Nurul Aulia 100
Mamanda Silitonga 100
Michelle Leony Simangunsong 100
Yana Sofia Putri 80
Gresia Palentina Hutagaol 75
Maria Naomi Siregar 60
Josephine Gloria 65
Sarah Nur Fadillah Panjaitan 90
Mindo Laura V.T 80
Hana Sianturi 80
Salwa Khairani Ahmad 80
Fadhillah Rahma Purba 100
Miftah Rizkiyah 100

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