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Principals of Electrical Engineering: University of Benghazi Faculty of Engineering Industrial Engineering Department

This document appears to be lecture notes on basic electrical engineering concepts for a course at the University of Benghazi. It covers topics like electrical circuit diagrams, potential difference, resistance, Ohm's law, power, energy, and examples of calculations using these concepts. The document provides definitions, formulas, example problems and their solutions to illustrate key principles in electric circuits.

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Rawad Salem
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398 views14 pages

Principals of Electrical Engineering: University of Benghazi Faculty of Engineering Industrial Engineering Department

This document appears to be lecture notes on basic electrical engineering concepts for a course at the University of Benghazi. It covers topics like electrical circuit diagrams, potential difference, resistance, Ohm's law, power, energy, and examples of calculations using these concepts. The document provides definitions, formulas, example problems and their solutions to illustrate key principles in electric circuits.

Uploaded by

Rawad Salem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Benghazi

Faculty of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department

Principals of Electrical
Engineering
EE360
Mr. Salem Shuaib Elmarimi
Spring 2020
1 24/10/2020
Ch.2 An introduction to electric circuits
appreciate that engineering systems may be represented by block diagrams
• recognize common electrical circuit diagram symbols
• understand that a potential difference between two points in a circuit is required
for current to flow
• appreciate that the unit of p.d. is the volt
• understand that resistance opposes current flow and is measured in ohms
• distinguish between linear and non-linear devices
• state Ohm’s law as V =IR or I =V/R or R=V/I
• use Ohm’s law in calculations, including multiples and sub-multiples of units
• calculate electrical power
• define electrical energy and state its unit
• calculate electrical energy

2 24/10/2020
Electrical/electronic system block diagrams
An electrical/electronic system is a group of components
connected together to perform a desired function.

3 References 24/10/2020
Standard symbols for electrical components

4 24/10/2020
Linear and non-linear devices

A resistor is thus an example of a linear device

5 24/10/2020
Ohm’s law
Ohm’s law states that the current I flowing in a circuit is directly
proportional to the applied voltage V and inversely proportional to
the resistance R, provided the temperature remains constant.
V
resistance, in ohms R=
𝑰

6 24/10/2020
Problem 3
The current flowing through a resistor is 0.8A when a p.d. of 20V is
applied. Determine the value of the resistance.
V 20
resistance, in ohms R= 𝑰 = 𝟎.𝟖 = 25 Ω

7 24/10/2020
Multiples and sub-multiples

8 24/10/2020
Exercise 6
1. The current flowing through a heating element is 5A when a p.d.
of 35V is applied across it. Find the resistance of the element. [7Ω]
2. A 60W electric light bulb is connected to a 240V supply.
Determine (a) the current flowing in the bulb and (b) the resistance
of the bulb. [(a) 0.25A (b) 960Ω]
5. A 20V source of e.m.f. is connected across a circuit having a
resistance of 400. Calculate the current flowing. [50 mA]

9 24/10/2020
Electrical power
When a direct current of I amperes is flowing in an electric circuit
and the voltage across the circuit is V volts, then
power, in watts P =VI
P =𝑰𝟐 R watts
𝑽𝟐
P= watts
𝑹

10 24/10/2020
Problem 10
Calculate the power dissipated when a current of 4mA flows through
a resistance of 5 kΩ.

Power P = 𝐼2 R = (4 × 〖10〗^(−3))2(5 × 103)

= 0.08W or 80mW

11 24/10/2020
Electrical energy
Electrical energy = power × time
If the power is measured in watts and the time in seconds
then the unit of energy is watt-seconds or joules. If the
power is measured in kilowatts and the time in hours
then the unit of energy is kilowatt-hours, often called
the ‘unit of electricity’. The ‘electricity meter’ in the
home records the number of kilowatt-hours used and is
thus an energy meter.

12 24/10/2020
Problem 19
A business uses two 3kW fires for an average of 20 hours each per week, and six
150W lights for 30 hours each per week. If the cost
of electricity is 14 p per unit, determine the weekly cost of electricity to the
business.
Energy=power ×time.
Energy used by one 3kW fire in 20 hours =3 kW× 20 h=60 kWh.
Hence weekly energy used by two 3 kW fires =2× 60=120 kWh.
Energy used by one 150W light for 30 hours =150W×30 h=4500Wh=4.5 kWh.
Hence weekly energy used by six 150W lamps =6× 4.5=27 kWh.
Total energy used per week=120+27=147 kWh.
1 unit of electricity=1 kWh of energy. Thus weekly cost of energy at 14 p per
kWh=14×147=2058 p = 20.58 £

13 24/10/2020
Exercise 7
1. The hot resistance of a 250V filament lamp is 625Ω. Determine the
current taken by the lamp and its power rating. [0.4A, 100W]
2. Determine the resistance of a coil connected to a 150Vsupply when a
current of (a) 75mA (b) 300 μA flows through it.
[(a) 2 kΩ (b) 0.5MΩ]
3. Determine the resistance of an electric fire which takes a current of 12A
from a 240V supply. Find also the power rating of the fire and the energy
used in 20 h. [20Ω, 2.88kW, 57.6 kWh]
12. Calculate the power dissipated by the element of an electric fire of
resistance 30 when a current of 10A flows in it. If the fire is on for 30
hours in a week determine the energy used.
Determine also the weekly cost of energy if electricity costs 13.5p per
unit.[3kW, 90 kWh, £12.15]
14 24/10/2020

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