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Multistage Amplifier Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to design and simulate a multistage amplifier using different transistor configurations. It includes: - Objectives to understand multistage amplifiers and design single and multistage amplifiers. - Equipment used including PSPICE software, transistors, resistors and capacitors. - Explanations of common emitter, common collector, common drain and common gate configurations. - PSPICE schematics and simulations showing the transient response and frequency response of each configuration. - Calculations comparing hand calculations to simulation results, showing differences due to calculation errors. - A conclusion that a multistage amplifier has higher gain and flexibility than a single stage amplifier

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asif
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1K views10 pages

Multistage Amplifier Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to design and simulate a multistage amplifier using different transistor configurations. It includes: - Objectives to understand multistage amplifiers and design single and multistage amplifiers. - Equipment used including PSPICE software, transistors, resistors and capacitors. - Explanations of common emitter, common collector, common drain and common gate configurations. - PSPICE schematics and simulations showing the transient response and frequency response of each configuration. - Calculations comparing hand calculations to simulation results, showing differences due to calculation errors. - A conclusion that a multistage amplifier has higher gain and flexibility than a single stage amplifier

Uploaded by

asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAB REPORT Experiment 01

MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIER

Objective:

 To understand the concept and working of the multistage amplifier.

 To design the single-stage and multistage amplifier.

Equipment List:

 PSPICE Software

 DC Source

 BJT and MOSFET

 Resisters

 Capacitors

 Voltmeter

Theory of Design Part:

Single Transistor amplifier cannot provide targeted gain, bandwidth, and correct input-output

impedances. The solution to this problem is to combine multiple stages of amplification. In our

experiment, we used common-emitter common collector configuration and Common drain

common gate configuration.

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal electronic device that is constructed of

semiconductor material and is used for switching or amplifying applications. There are two

types of BJTs, which are PNP and NPN. Both are made of the same material but their physical
characteristics are different. The different regions of the BJT are connected to its separate

terminals E, B, and C. The NPN BJTs consists of a layer of P-doped semiconductors wedged

between two N-doped layers. The PNP BJTs are the opposite of NPN being that the N-doped

semiconductor is wedged between two N-doped semiconductors.

PSPICE SCHEMATIC AND SIMULATION

Common Emitter common collector configuration


Transient Response/AC analysis:

Frequency Response:
Common Drain common Gate configuration

Transient Response/AC analysis


Frequency Response:

Common Source Configuration:


Transient Response/AC analysis:

Frequency Response:
How its work:

The cascade of a Common Emitter amplifier stage followed by a Common Collector (emitter-

follower) amplifier stage can provide a good overall voltage amplifier. The Common Emitter

input resistance is relatively high and Common Collector output resistance is relatively low. The

voltage follower second stage, Q1, contributes no increase in voltage gain but provides a near

voltage-source (low resistance) output so that the gain is nearly independent of load resistance.

The high input resistance of the Common Emitter stage, Q 2, makes the input voltage nearly

independent of input-source resistance. Multiple Common Emitter stages can be cascaded with

emitter follower stages inserted between them to reduce the attenuation due to inter-stage

loading.

Parts List

Part Function Value Why

Reference
01 R1 come into play by 10K,100k These resistances reduce the overall

reducing the overall gain as we need.

gain.
02 C1 Reduce the fluctuation 1uF – As source voltage is in waveforms,

in voltage and for 10uF need to reduce the fluctuations and

amplifier coupling more than one amplifier coupled

purposes. through the capacitor.


03 Q1 Voltage amplifier BJT, Use to amplify the voltage. With

MOSFET different configurations

Calculations:
For common-emitter common collect

R¿
V ¿2 =V ¿1 ( )
R ¿ + ROut

V ¿2 =5V ( 10.110 k )=5 mV


RL
V Out =V ¿2 ( )
R L+ R 3

10
V Out =5 ( 10.1 )=4.85
Simulation Results and comparison with Hand calculations

CP Hand Simulation Comments

Calculations
R(in) 10k 10k As provided in Instructions
R(out) 10 ohm 10 ohm As provided in Instructions
Gain 0.98 0.91 Due to calculation errors
Bandwidth 20db 20db As provided in Instructions
V(out) 4.50V 4.27V This difference is due to uncertainty in

Common hand calculations

Emitter
V(out) 4.85V 4.55V This difference is due to uncertainty in

Common hand calculations

Drain
V(Out) 2.50V 2.16V This difference is due to uncertainty in

Common hand calculations

Source

Conclusion:

A multistage amplifier is more useful than a single-stage amplifier in that it has a higher gain and

has more flexibility for higher input and output impedances. A single NPN BJT was used to
drive this multistage amplifier. The collector current entering the NPN BJT will be the current

source driving the multistage amplifier. Clipping occurs when the amplifier tries to output a

higher power than what the amplifier can a

chieve. It was also tough finding a good frequency to achieve a non-noisy input. In this

experiment, I learn that how we can design multi-stage amplifiers using different techniques.

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