GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 1

Southern Masbate Roosevelt College, Inc. (SMRC)

Avenido St., Katipunan, Placer, Masbate, Phils. 5408 Schl.ID. 403785 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THIS COURSE
College of Teacher Education
The five skills of communication (listening, speaking, reading, writing and viewing) are studied and
stimulated in advanced academic settings. The purpose of these combined activities is to enable students to
Dr. Victor V. Lepiten Victor Elliot S. Lepiten, III practice strategies of communication with a clear purpose and audience in mind, guided by the criteria of effective
FOUNDER PRESIDENT communication and the appropriate language.
Further, the description highlights conversing intelligently, reporting on group work and/or assignments,
writing and delivering a formal speech, writing minutes of the meetings and similar documents, preparing a
research or technical paper, and making audio-visual or web-based presentations.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (GE 5)
At the end of the course, you should be able to listen, comprehend, critique and respond to live or
SEMI FINAL -- FINAL MODULE recorded conversations, speak in public using video presentations with confidence, explain extended texts in your
own words using examples and other aids to bolster your explanation, while texts ranging from a simple report to
a full-length technical or research paper and prepare an audio-visual or web-based presentation on an assigned
topic.

Course Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the semester, you are expected to:
1. Gain new insights and perspectives about communication in terms of its nature, principles, process and
ethics.
2. Describe the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and nonverbal communication in various and
multicultural contexts.
3. Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication.
4. Work professionally in a team to produce effective business and technical documents incorporating
verbal, visual, and multimedia materials as necessary.
5. Enumerate culturally appropriate terms, expressions and images in written and oral communication.
6. Evaluate multimodal texts critically to enhance receptive (listening, reading, viewing) skills;
7. Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based presentations for different target audiences in
local and global settings using appropriate registers.
8. Create materials that reflect the rudiments of written communication.
9. Present ideas persuasively using appropriate language registers, tone, facial expressions, and gestures.
10. Produce an output that exemplifies and reflects the principles, values and ethics of multicultural
communication in writing and speaking through the use of technology.
11. Adopt cultural and intercultural awareness and sensitively in communicating ideas.
12. Show appreciation of the differences of the varieties of spoken and written language and their impact on
NAME:__________________________________ the society and the world.
GERALYN P. ALBURO
CONTACT INFO.:__________________________ INSTRUCTRESS
Happy Learning! 
09975395664
ADDRESS:_______________________________ [email protected]
Geralyn Pepito Alburo/
YR. & COURSE:___________________________ Geralyn Pelayo Alburo

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 2

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: UNIT 4: COMMUNICATION FOR

 All activities enclosed should be carefully read and performed accordingly. VARIOUS PURPOSES
 In cases of printed and written activities, all tasks should be printed/written in a short bond paper following
the given format:
 Name
 Year Level, Subject, Time/Day
 Address
LESSON 1: THE EXPLANATION ESSAY
 Contact Info
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 Printed activities should be in font size 11 and Font style “Candara.”
 Use cursive writing for every written task. 1. demonstrate an understanding of the conventions of the explanation essay;
 Create a Group Chat for your class: “ Course/Year + Major + Name of Subject”. Add your classmates and 2. appreciate the value of clearly explaining a phenomenon; and
instructor. 3. write an explanation essay of at least 500 words on a topic of your choice.
 For video projects, upload your outputs on the class’ private facebook group “ SMRC 2020-21:
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION. ” Upload your files with the following format as your caption:
 Name Test your knowledge of facts by answering the following trivia questions:
 Name of Task/ Activity 1. Why are plants green?
Note: Please observe originality! 2. Why is traffic heavy in cities?
 Deadline is deadline. Late submissions will no longer be catered. 3. Why can’t a man become pregnant?
 Failure to follow the instructions would mean deductions on your submitted tasks. 4. Why do we celebrate the coming of a new year?
5. Why does Swiss cheese have holes?

NOTE: PLEASE DO NOT SUBMIT YOUR MODULE ALONG WITH YOUR ANSWER SHEETS!
WRITING AN EXPLANATION ESSAY
Stay safe at home God bless! ‘Why’ questions are very important. If people in ancient times or the recent past did not ask ‘ why’
questions or attempt to answer these questions, we would have very limited knowledge about many things in the
world . If Isaac Newton, for example, did not ask why things fell down after throwing them up, he would not have
discovered the law of universal gravitation.

Addressing ‘why’ questions means providing explanations for phenomena. An explanation essay is one
such example of a written piece of work that addresses ‘why’ questions. It explains a particular topic to its
readers. Since it is meant to inform or educate the readers, the essay should present convincing and adequate
support for the explanations.

“ A Mansion of Many Languages” by Danton Remoto (2017) is an example of an explanation essay

which attempts to answer some “why” questions similar to those in the opening activity above. Please find time to
the article. Note how the topic is presented, explained, and supported. Note as well how the essay ended.

Before reading the text, look up the meanings of the following words and phrases that are used in the
selection

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 3

 Lingua franca
 Linguistic Nationalism CONTENT 20
Have you substantially explained the phenomenon you chose to explain? Did you provide points
 Cultural chauvinism
convincing and adequate support for your explanation?
 Conversantt ORGANIZATION 17
 Siloed cubicles Have you arranged the main points of your essay clearly and logically? Are there order points
 Crème de la crème and logic in the ideas you presented in each paragraph and in the entire essay?
 Mano-a-mano LANGUAGE AND MECHANICS 13
 Bourgeois stories Did you observe proper use of language forms (grammar) and mechanics (punctuation, points
 Batting an eyelash capitalization, etc.)?
TOTAL 50
POINTS
LESSON 2: THE BLOG
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS: Learning Outcome:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

The reading selection you have just read is an example of an explanation essay. Sharpen your understanding of the
text by answering the following questions: 1. Differentiate between the journal or diary entry and the blog; and
2. Appreciate the benefits and challenges of writing a blog
1. How does the author introduce the topic of his essay?
2. In paragraph 4, the author asks the question “Why?” This signals that he is explaining something. What
WRITING A BLOG
exactly is the phenomenon he is explaining?
Today, with easy access to computers and the Internet, people write their diaries differently. From
3. What are the explanations he provides for the phenomenon you identified in no. 2 above? Give three
handwritten entries on a piece of paper or a notebook page, diaries in contemporary times come in the form of
answers.
online journals which are called blogs.
4. How does the author end his essay?
The term “blog” was first used in the 1990s. it is the short version of “weblog,” or an
individualized piece of written work found on the web. It is defined below by dictionary.com.
TASK 4.1
TASK 4.1- WRITING Noun
Write an explanation essay on any topic of your choice. You may need to do some research about the topic in 1. a website containing a writer’s or group of writers’ own experiences, observations, opinions, etc.,
order to better explain it. The essay must be at least 500 words long and is organized as follows: and often having images and links to other websites.
2. a single entry or post on such a website:
 Introduction – one or two paragraphs
She regularly contributes to a blog to the magazine’s website.
 Body – at least three paragraphs
Verb (used without object), blogged, blogging.
 Conclusion – one or two paragraphs
3. to maintain or add new entries to a blog.
Verb (used without object), blogged, blogging.
4. to express or write about on a blog:
Your essay will be marked using the following rubric: She’s been blogging her illness for almost a year.

Blogs, like diary entries, are individual accounts of a writer’s experiences and emotions. Thus, the
viewpoint is usually personal and subjective. However, the blogs are different from the traditional journal or diary

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 4

entry in the sense that blogs are uploaded to online platforms that make it easier for bloggers (those who write 1. Audience - Know the profile of your listeners. It is important that you know who will listen to you –
blogs) to include visual features, as well as links to other sites on the net. Unlike diary entries, blogs are public in their age, gender, educational background, religion, economic status, and interests. Also, know how much the
nature. This means that bloggers, even if they write about personal issues, must present this issue in a way that audience knows about
would interest the general public. Blogs, compared to diary entries, are more concerned with communicating a the topic. That way, you can avoid discussing points that would run contrary to their beliefs and practices and thus
message, rather than simply expressing or documenting an idea or emotion. prevent miscommunication and misunderstanding. Further, you can introduce new things tor them to learn and not
How does one create a blog? Go to wikihow.com and look up “How to start a blog.” The site provides simply repeat things that they may have already learned from previous speakers. Know how to read the posture
step by step instructions on how to create a blog from coming up with a concept, starting a blog at blogger.com, and gestures of your audience members as these will signal to you what kind of an audience they are. Be ready to
launching a blog on Word Press, to promoting your blog. This lesson, however, focuses on writing a blog entry. face different kinds of audiences as there may be some wh0 at questioners, hecklers, disrupters, hostile, or
unresponsive bored audiences. Know how to deal with any unpleasant incident or conflict with your audience and
always stay in control of the situation.
LESSON 3:
2. Logistics – It is something basic or essential for every speaker to know who is organizing the event.
LEARNING OUTCOMES: Know who will be introducing you and who will be speaking before and after you. That way, you will be able to
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: tie up the earlier presentation with your own resulting in a more coherent presentation. You may even give the
1. Deliver effectively the introduction and conclusion of your oral presentation to create lasting audience an idea as to what the next talk is going to be.
impressions; and
2. Employ vocal and physical factors, eye contact, and presentation aids for effective delivery; 2.1. Venue – The venue is equally important. Locate the lights and if you have movable visual
aids, know where to position them. As a speaker, you should also know how to position yourself and how you
PREPARING A SPEECH OR ORAL REPORT should move in front to get the attention of the listeners. Remember to work on your posture and avoid bad habits
when speaking. Do not block the view of your visual aids as you present them. Employ a balanced posture by not
Some students and professionals do not like the idea of speaking in public, whether in front of small or standing on one leg only. Do not lean on any object that will give support to your weight. These postures give the
large groups. Just the thought that they will be facing people already makes them jittery. However, this is a normal impression that you lack confidence and authority.
part of life. When you become professionals, there will always be a time that you will face an audience. It may
come as an unplanned activity in which you will be forced to speak impromptu or it may be a previously planned 2.2. Facilities – Ask beforehand about the pieces of equipment available for you. These
event that has given you sufficient time to prepare. Whatever the case may be, you need to exude some degree of facilities should
confidence as presentation of oral reports or speeches can be very threatening. match the presentation aids that you will use. If there is no available projector, find a way to have one especially if
As students, you should take seriously any opportunity that comes your way and that requires you to your visual aids are highly complex. If there are any electrical problems or technical glitches you encounter, know
deliver a talk. For example, in class, there will be instances when you will be asked to make an oral report of a how to trouble-shoot them.
topic assigned to you. You may be asked to deliver a speech as a classroom activity. Though you may find these 3. Content of report/speech/lecture – Since you have been invited as a speaker, the organizers might
tasks difficult, you need to take them seriously as they will certainly benefit you when you become professionals. have sought you because of your reputation as an effective speaker. If the purpose of the event is to inform just
Being able to speak effectively n front of an audience will always be an advantage. Some professionals like in a convention, conference, or a training-seminar, it is expected that you are able to contribute new
become most sought-after speakers because of their good oral communication skills. They are invited to give information. If the purpose is to entertain, your speech should be lighthearted, amusing, and lively. If the purpose
keynote speeches or give lectures on a select topic in conferences or give trainings in seminar-workshops. is to persuade, your presentation should sound convincing enough. Note, however, that any communicative event
Sometimes, they are also tapped to give a sales pitch or a product presentation. Likewise, they are asked to deliver may have more than one purpose but
inspirational or motivational speeches during graduation ceremonies or in a similar communication setting. there is always a more dominant one.
So how do you prepare tor this difficult task? In Unit 1 Lesson 3, you already learned some tips from the
topics “General Principles of Effective Communication” and “Principles of Effective Oral Communication.” So how do you prepare for the big event? The following are some tips for you:
These principles are related to public speaking. Consider the following so you can render an effective speech and
1. Read a lot. Research on the topic assigned to you. With the fast-changing times, it is certain that there are
be a good public speaker:
new developments that have occurred in the field. As a speaker, you should be kept abreast of these new
developments by reading a lot.

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 5

2. Prepare your oral presentation with an introduction, body, and a conclusion. There are different DELIVERING THE REPORT/SPEECH/TALK
techniques to open and close your presentation: (a) using a startling or shocking statement; (b) beginning
with a question; (c) using a quotation; (d) narrating an anecdote or a story; (e) singing a line from a song; Now that you have prepared your report/speech/talk, you are ready to make your oral presentation. You have
and (t) presenting statistics. The strategy you will employ should match the topic that you will present. spent a great deal of time reading, researching, and writing this oral output so you should also do your best to deliver it
For example, you cannot sing a happy song if the topic has something to do with a tragic event. confidently.
Remember that your introduction and concluding parts will leave a lasting impression on your audience. When you deliver your report, speech or talk, make use of both the verbal and non-verbal code. In Unit 1
Lesson, you already learned that effective communication calls for the blending of the two codes. These two are always
linked together while the former is important, the latter is equally essential as it gives emphasis to a striking thought or
As regards the body of your presentation, emphasize the major points you wish to make backed up
idea.
with supporting statements to further elucidate your main points. Arrange your thoughts in a logical sequence so your
listeners can easily follow through your talk. You can do this be employing transitional or cohesive devices to make
1. Paralinguistic cues – Subsumed under this category are facial expression, posture, gesture, and movement.
your ideas coherent.
For facial expression, the eyes and eye-to-eye contact are very important. There is the saying which states: "The eyes are
3. Rehearse by practicing aloud and getting the feedback of those who will act as your audience during the
the window to the soul." This means that by establishing eye contact or through gazing, one can detect the emotional
rehearsal stage. You may invite your family or friends to listen to you while rehearsing. Their comments and suggestions
state of a person. For example, it is difficult to hide your real emotions and take your feelings when people look straight
can be useful for you to improve your presentation before the 'big day.
into your eyes. When you are happy, your eyes become bigger without you being conscious about it. When you are sad,
worried or anxious, your eyes become smaller as you raise your eyebrows and make them furrow.
For the introduction, use gambits such as:
Posture, on the other hand, refers to the speakers' stance. How speakers carry themselves during the
a. I would like to talk about..
presentation will show whether or not they possess credibility. It is important that as speakers deliver their messages,
b. I believe that the topic is..
they project an air of confidence so they can get the attention of the listeners and win them over to their side.
c. Let me relate a..
So how do you execute a correct posture? Simply stand comfortably with your feet at least six to eight inches
For the conclusion, use gambits or expressions such as apart, with one foot over the other. Your weight should also rest on the balls of your feet and your hands should hang
naturally at the sides. Ask yourself if you are comfortable enough with the way you stand.
a. Summing up the points I discussed earlier...
b. To summarize.. Another important variable is gesture. Speakers who employ gestures in their speeches or reports are more
c. In conclusion... convincing than those who do not. Gestures are used to make a point more emphatic. However, they should be used only
d. To conclude... for important points raised as they can become distractive when used often. Gestures abound so a speaker should know
e. Finally... how to create variety.
f. To end my talk or speech..
Finally, there is movement. Whereas gestures are made by some parts of the body such as the hand and the
Then restate the highlights you mentioned. You may also challenge the listeners to act on the ideas you arm, movement is made by the entire body (e.g, movement of the head, shoulder, feet, etc.). Swaying one's body from
presented if the purpose of the oral presentation is to convince or persuade. left to fight, side to side, front to back, or pacing from one side of the stage/platform to the other, can be exhibiting a
negative non-verbal cue. A speaker should know how to move on stage so that his/her movement will not be distracting
4. Use technology. In this day and age, most speakers use technology. Technology forms part of their audio and visual to the audience.
aids. Through these tools, listeners can easily follow the discussion because they not only hear but also see the highlights
of the presentation. A disadvantage, however, is that some speakers rely on their visuals that when technical problems It is to be noted that while dress or attire is not considered as a paralinguistic cue, it is still classified as non-
arise, they are caught oft-guard and their presentation goes awry. verbal. One way to attract the attention of the audience is by dressing up properly. As a speaker, you should look good
and pleasing to the eyes of the listeners. Dress appropriately but do not overdo it as it may create a gap between you and
Technology tools should be used sparingly. Visuals should be utilized only to enhance your presentations. the audience. You should be well-groomed with your hair neatly-combed and your shoes well-polished. Pieces of
Thus, do not copy and paste on the slides what you are to say and then simply read them verbatim. It is important that jewelry or fashion accessories should also be used conservatively.
you only use key words in your slide presentations. Pictures that will represent a concept are also encouraged. The same
is true with graphs, tables, charts, maps, quotes, and important passages and sayings. 2. Prosodic features – When making a presentation, there are features that you need to observe. When you
speak, aim at delivering your message clearly through intelligible and comprehensible pronunciation. You need to

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 6

articulate the sounds clearly by paying attention to how you move your lips, tongue, and teeth. An aspect of articulation
is assimilation. It means blending the final sound of a preceding word with the initial sound of the following word. Many speakers become tense when making small and big presentations. 1his is normal. Becoming
Consider the examples below: nervous only shows that you care about your presentation. You are concerned about whether the audience will
pick up something from your talk. Note that a little amount of nervous tension is needed if you aspire for an
to each his own the pros and cons excellent performance. At the beginning, you may experience anxiety, but as you go along with your presentation,
to eachizown the prosend cons your nervous tension will ease up.
the splendor in the grass for a while
thus plendor in the grass for a while
Eugene White and Claire Henderlinder (1956) stated that: "We do not actually fear the process of
speaking as such but a negative response from the listeners." This is indeed true. What people actually fear is not
the process of speaking but the negative response, comment, or feedback from the listeners.
Try reading the examples above. Blend the sounds. Do you think you were able to achieve assimilation?

Finally, note that successful communication depends on prosodic features such as intonation, tone, stress, and There are ways by which you can overcome stage fright. One way is by preparing thoroughly for your
rhythm. Pauses on phrases and sentences are likewise prosodic features. While it is impossible to imitate or sound like presentation. It is important that you know about the topic and that you know more than your listeners. Another
Americans or the British who use English as their native tongue, try to at least approximate them. If the listeners cannot way is to practice, The more you practice or rehearse, the more confident you become.
understand what you say because of the rate or speed by which you speak, do it more slowly.
Stage fright then can be minimized. It is not also a negative feeling all the time. Learn how to convert
PRESENTING IN GROUPS this social fear into something positive so that you can aspire for top performance.

The earlier discussions apply to both individual and group presentations. However, when making a
group presentation, everyone should be a team player and members should not compete with each other. Note that
since you are working with a team, there should be coordination among you. Guidelines should be strictly
followed especially if it is a group task. Planning is of the essence so that your presentation is coherent and does TASK 3.1 – DEALING WITH
not become fragmented. As you prepare your presentation, note the following tips: PRESENTATION MISHAPS
1. Assign a specific task to each group member.
2. Divide the work accordingly. Each should know the part assigned to him/her as well as the time allotted
to each.
3. Decide on a strategy as to how you will begin and end your group presentation. You have been invited to speak before a group of faculty. You are a good speaker but due to numerous
speaking engagements, you were not able to attend to the details of the event. You arrived at the venue and
4. Prepare your audio-visual aids to hold the attention and increase the interest of the listeners.
found out that there were more people in the audience than you expected and you only brought a few handouts.
5. Practice on your own. Then come up with a schedule acceptable to the team in which you can rehearse
Moreover, you brought the wrong flash drive which does not contain your slide presentation.
as a group.
6. Get feedback from your teammates as to how you can still improve your presentation in particular and Form yourselves into groups of four (4) members and analyze the situation above. Think of a means to
the presentation or the group in general. handle the situation properly and present your solution to your instructor. Write your solution to a piece of bond
7. As individual and group presenters, think of possible questions that may arise after the presentation. If paper.
you cannot think of an answer, seek the help of your groupmates.
8. As individual and group presenters, respond to questions affectively during the question time. If it SYNTHESIS
happens that nobody from the group knows the answer, be honest to admit that you will find time to
research on the mater. 1. When preparing a report or speech for oral presentation, make a profile first of your audience and the logistics
involved, i.e. venue and facilities. Then read up and research on the topic so you can write an effective report,
speech, or talk.
OVERCOMING ANXIETY OR STAGE FRIGHT

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 7

2. When making your oral presentations, pay attent1on to the paralinguistic cues and prosodic features of the especially since listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing can only be successful if practiced with critical
language. thinking
Whereas paralinguistic cues involves facial expression, posture, gestures, and movement, prosodic features
include intonation, tone, stress, rhythm, and pause. As you listen, speak, and read, you also need to take down notes so note-taking is imperative.

3. When making a group presentation, follow strictly the guidelines so you can come up with a good performance. READING
Be a
team player so that the individually assigned parts cohere with each other. For you to become a successful debater, you should be a wide reader. Sir Francis Bacon once said:
"Reading maketh a full man, writing an exact man. What does this mean: From what angle or perspective can you
explain this quote?

LESON 5: THE DEBATE Many say that through reading, you can visit places, experience other cultures, and learn new things. ln
fact, if you read extensively, you are able to look at things differently. Your knowledge of things is not restricted
to a single perspective but to many. You are able to weigh things more objectively because you have gained a
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to : deeper understanding of life. Such is the beauty of being a book lover or a passionate reader.
1. Discuss the importance of debate in everyday life;
2. Identify and exhibit the different skills involved in being a good debater; and SPEAKING
3. Recognize the different types of debate and their structures.
Your being a voracious reader or a bookworm will certainly manifest itself in the way you speak. You
never run out of thoughts and words once you are asked on a certain topic. The knowledge you have gained from
TYPES OF DEBATE reading can manifest in your wide vocabulary and in a distinct use of a speaking Style that can change the minds
You may not be aware of it but you use debates even in your daily activities. You hear people argue in of your listeners, sway and win them over to your side. When you speak, always remember that you should
different domains-home, school, office, market, church, and in the government. This is so because a debate, articulate your thought very well, pronounce clearly the words you utter, use the appropriate rate and volume,
loosely defined, involves the exchange of opposing ideas or arguments. A debate, which is carried out in a formal speak with grammatical accuracy, maintain the correct bearing or poise, and employ non-verbal code such as
manner, usually takes place in a public meeting. The exchange of arguments follows a certain procedure or a set gestures, facial expression, and movement.
of rules and has a definite format.
WRITING
There are two types of debate: the formal and the informal. Formal debates are held in formal settings
such as in school, in the House of Representatives, and in the Senate. Debaters come prepared, equipped with the It is in the writing skill where the 'making of a full man' is achieved. Reading and writing are skills that
knowledge they need to be able to reason Out effectively. A topic is debated upon and the debaters listen to the go together. As passionate reader, you increase your vocabulary significantly. You are able to express in writing
arguments raised by the other debaters from which they build their arguments and argue their position. your full understanding of yourself, the world you are in, your views about life, and your perspectives of people.
Informal debates, on the other hand, do not follow strictly a structure. While there are also two sides-the But you become only a full man if you are able to adjust to the needs of the time and are mindful of your shared
affirmative and the negative takes place anywhere and does not have to involve two teams. it may take place responsibility
between two or more people, arguing for or against a certain 1ssue. An example would be two friends, deciding to help improve other people's lives,
where to eat their lunch tor the day.
LISTENING
Though not usually emphasized, listening is equally import as the other skills. Thus, it should not be
SKILLS NEEDED IN DEBATE taken for granted. Just like reading and writing, listening and speaking go together. In a debate, if you do not listen
carefully to the arguments of your colleagues and the members of the opposing team, you cannot build on
You need all the language macro-skills to be an effective debater. 1he productive and receptive skills teammate’s arguments and refute convincingly the claims of the other team, respectively. Jimmy Hendrix once
work together and are not independent of each other. Certainly, these skills should go with critical thinking said: "Knowledge but wisdom listens" Indeed, this is true. For aside from reading, it is only through listening

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 8

intently that you are able to gain knowledge and wisdom. It is also through listening that you are able show outer clothes. Do not wear large ornaments. Your nails should be cut, hair well-combed, and shoes neatly-
respect to others. polished.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Unit 5:

Freely and Steinberg (2014) in their book Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned
Decision Making define ethics as "a set of constructs that guide our decision making by providing standards of
behavior telling us how we ought to act" (p. 105.) However, they have added different ways of conceptualizing COMMUNICATION ACROSS
ethics as follows:

1. Ethics may be thought of as a complex foundation of morally based rules, as might be adhered to
PROFESSIONS
within a culture of a group.
2. Ethics may provide specific guidelines for individuals or groups engaged in similar activities or
with occupational concerns, for example, business ethics or sportsmanship.
3. Ethics may characterize the way people think of themselves and the self-applied measures for right LESSON 1: WRITTEN MODES OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
behavior based in personality or experience which guide them to virtuous or appropriate behavior.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Ethics may construct a general or universal set of values, guiding a broader understanding about the
human condition born of philosophical commitment, constructs, and motives.
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
Debates, therefore, question issues of right and wrong including the applications of standards ot ethics.
1. identify the various genres used across professions;
At times, people also find themselves challenging their own ethical standards. it is difficult to assume that just
2. show understanding of the structure of various genres used across professions; and
because a debater sees something to be unacceptable, then it really is. Assumptions lead to poor arguments and
3. evaluate critically a business proposal, a genre used across professions
poor decision-making. Remember that people have differing ethical assumptions about this world. They have
different ways of viewing things.

It is essential not to make sweeping statements when laying down arguments as these may pave the way GENRES ACROSS PROFESSIONS
for the opposing team to question the claims.
Different professions use different genres. However, you will note that there are communication
materials that cut across professions. They communicate important information about a certain organization,
DRESS AND APPEARANCE event, or individual.

Some of these communication materials are the memoranda, minutes of meetings, business letters, and
You should be mindful of how you look in a formal debate. Your appearance is just as important as the
business proposals. Moreover, with the advent of technology, there are now new forms of communication
paralinguistic cues and non-verbal behavior. If you are a female speaker, wear a business attire that will make you
materials using social media channels such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. All these communication
look respectable. Do not wear colors that are ostentatiously attractive. Very high-heeled shoes and flat shoes
materials are considered as genres and they cut across the different professions and/or disciplines.
should also be avoided. Instead, wear heels that are manageable, for example, 12 to 2 inches. Make-up and
jewelry should also be worn conservatively.
BUSINESS LETTERS, MEMORANDA, MINUTES OF MEETINGS
For males, you also need to wear business attire, avoiding loud colors. Should you wear a coat and tie,
do not wear a tie that comes in flashy or glaring colors. You should be able to match your inner clothes with your Business letters are a common form of writing in any organization. The traditional parts of a business letter are:

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 9

a. heading
b. inside address
c. Salutation
d. Body 186 Int. Dolores Street
e. Complimentary close Arnaiz Avenue Conventional Heading
f. signature Pasay City
(Writer’s Contact Information)
December 5, 2018
Generally, the business letter follows a certain format. When plain bond paper is used, the conventional
heading includes the address of the writer and the date when the letter is written. A modern heading uses the
company's stationery which bears the company's logo, address, telephone number, and other information. The date
when the letter is written is simply indicated. The heading is followed by the inside address which indicates the Mr. David Ruiz
name of the recipient of the letter, his/her designation/position in a company or organization, and the Company's Proprietor
address. It is also possible that the recipient has no business or company affiliation. In this case, the letter writer Zenith Enterprises Date
merely indicates the recipient's address. This part is followed by the greeting or salutation, and the body of the 28 Dart Street
letter which is clear, simple, and focused. The body normally has three paragraphs, the first of which provides the Paco, Manila
reason for writing. The second paragraph gives more specific details
about the information provided in the first paragraph while the last paragraph emphasizes the reason for writing
and expresses gratitude to the reader tor taking time out to read/review the letter. The next part is the Salutation
complimentary close and the last is the signature.

The following templates illustrate the parts and formats of a business letter. Body of the Letter

Complimentary Close

Signature over Printed Name

Template of a business letter with modern heading and utilizing the modified block format:
Template of a business letter with a conventional heading and utilizing the purely block
C & E Publishing, Inc.
format:
Towards Academic and Professional Excellence Logo

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 10

It is also possible that you write professional e-mails when you apply for work or tor other business
purposes. Remember that when you write a business e-mail message, you write it the way you write any other
business correspondence, It is important that you always fill in the subject line so as not to leave the recipient of
the message guessing as to what the message is all about. Then begin your e-mail with a professional greeting,
followed by the body, closing, and signature. Include your full name and contact information such as e-mail
address and phone number.

Another Communication material is the memorandum. The term memorandum can be shortened or
abbreviated by calling it a memo. A Latin term which means "it must be remembered," the memo is usually issued
and disseminated by those occupying mid-level positions and up in an organization. It is written to serve as a
reminder to one's constituents who need to do or act upon something. This is done so that the concerned
Inside Address constituents will be properly guided as to what to do next so that errors in the organizational system/process can
be avoided or if already made or committed, it may or will not happen again.

How do you construct an effective memorandum? As in any form of writing, organize your thoughts
very well so that clarity is achieved in the first instance or at the outset. The first part should contain the most
important information. Thus, indicate the information you want and the reason for such by presenting relevant
Salutation information. The succeeding parts may discuss in specific terms what has been indicated in the first part of the
memo. Your
conclusion should also be clear so that the readers will know what to do after reading it. Note that an effective
memorandum is one that is written in a powerful manner so that the readers will be convinced to act upon it.
Address the memorandum only to those who are concerned. Review the memo before releasing it especially if it
Body of the Letter contains confidential information. Remember that memos, just like any form of writing, can serve as a permanent
record in any office or organization.

Memos have the same structure: This is the template for a memorandum:

MEMORANDUM

T0: (Sendee)
Complimentary close FROM: (Sender)
DATE:
SUBJECT: (Some memos use RE: to mean regarding)
Signature over printed name
and designation

Note that there is a need for you to adjust the content your letter depending on the purpose for writing.
As it is, there are different kinds of business letters: letter of application, letter of resignation, letter of acceptance, Sending a memo via electronic mail is acceptable but you still need to follow the correct format. It is
follow-up letter, and letter of appreciation, among others. also better it a memo is sent as an attachment to the e-mail.

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 11

A third important communication material is the minutes or a meeting. Organizations, institutions, When the company you work for wants to venture into a project with another organization, you may be
agencies, and even smaller units or offices hold meetings from time to time. It is important that things discussed in asked to write a business proposal. The purpose of a business proposal is to attract clients or secure support from
the meeting are documented so that you can always refer to them when issues arise in the future. It is possible that possible investors or organizations. You may also write one for your own use it you are a freelancer. Generally,
any clarification on matters that have been previously addresses are found in the minutes of meetings held in the proposals have the same template. Because there are numerous competing companies nowadays, it is important
past. Thus, it is important that records are kept properly. Soft and hard copies are highly recommended. that you produce a well-written proposal so that you will have an edge over the others. Your goal is having the
proposal approved by your prospective client so do your best to n that objective. You need to know and
Below is a template of the minutes of a meeting: understand your target client in developing a proposal that has a sound methodology, a viable solution to the
problem that the company is facing a realistic schedule, and a reasonable and justifiable budget.

MINUTES OF THE MEETING A good proposal cannot De prepared overnight. If you are targeting a client, research about it
(Name of Organization) exhaustively. Know how it operates. Design a method by which you can outshine other competitors who also wish
(Date the meeting was held) to submit a proposal on ground. Note that some prospective clients you meet in the course of your career may
suddenly request for a proposal to be prepared and submitted within a short notice. When this happens and you are
not able to get to produce a persuasive proposal, do not be disheartened as the experience will still add to your
List of Attendees journey as a professional.
 Present
 Absent Business proposals generally have three major parts: the problem statement, the proposed solution,
and the costing or pricing. Make sure that you begin with the Executive Summary which highlights what you or
your company is all about, the services it provides, and how it differs from the others. This should be your selling
I. Approval of Agenda point. Think of an added value that you or your company can offer that will make it outdo the other organizations
II. Review and Approval of Minutes of the Previous Meeting of the same nature.
III. Business Arising from the Minutes
IV. New Agenda After the Executive Summary proceed to the problem statement or what your prospective client is
V. Adjournment encountering. The client should be convinced that you perfectly understand the situation that it is in. This should
be followed by the proposed solution which explains how you can address or resolve the concern/s besetting the
client.
You should then offer a sound method by which you will address the problem, spelling out the step-by-step
Signature of the one who prepared the minutes/date procedure that you will employ to carry out your plan effectively. The step-by-step procedure will likewise
require a timetable or the schedule for the completion for the project. Make sure that your timetable is realistic. It
Approval of the person occupying the top position in the organization is not a good idea that you merely impress your prospective client but are not able to deliver and meet the client's
expectations. Stating a bit of your qualifications and your vast experience in the field can be highlighted in this
part so that you can convince the prospective client that you are the best choice and the most qualitied to take on
the job and bring success to the client. The last major part is the costing. You need to state the price of the
services you will render if given the chance. It is all up to you and your company if you want a one-time payment
or a payment on a staggered basis depending on the nature of the project.

Finally, there are no hard and fast rules as regards the length of the proposal. What is more important is
that it is complete with the information needed including those that your prospective client may ask for your
BUSINESS PROPOSAL proposal should be accompanied by a cover letter and should begin with a Title Page with your name/name or the
company indicated, the company to whom the proposal is being submitted, as well as the date when it is
submitted.

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 12

SOCIAL MEDIA CHANNELS To apply for a job, an applicant must carefully read the job advertisement to determine if the job
description matches his/ her interests, needs, and qualifications. These advertisements list certain requirements
To date, Facebook has become the most popular social media website. Developed by Mark Zuckerberg that applicants must prepare and submit. The requirements usually include an application form or letter,
in the early 2000s, Facebook allows you to link with people whom you have not yet met and re-connect with recommendation letters, school records, and other supporting documents. After all the requirements are collected
family, friends, and acquaintances and to stay in contact with them. You need to create your own account first and and submitted to the employers, depending on the nature of the job, paper-and-pen tests may be scheduled.
your personal profile. You may include information you want to be known by other people either in private or Finally, a job interview is arranged.
public depending on the kind of status you have. You may upload pictures, and write your views on the Facebook
wall which may or may not call attention. Your Facebook friends may "Tike, react, or comment on your post. The job interview is a vital component of the job application process. Documentary requirements, which
are the written components of the job application, do not give a complete picture of the applicant. Test results are
Facebook, however, is not limited to individuals as it is also used nowadays by organizations and not totally reliable in providing all the information employers need. Thus, employers arrange to interview job
companies. It is the fastest way to reach out to others and disseminate information. It is a company is going to applicants to determine whether or not the latter possess the qualities expected by the company or organization.
organize an event such as a convention, lecture, or symposium, it uses Facebook to spread the information. Many Because each job interview is different from the other, it is important that applicants prepare themselves well. In
events become successful because of online advertising and announcements. Online postings such as those in this lesson, you will learn about preparing for a job interview, as well as what to do and what not to do during a
Facebook and Twitter are also the cheapest way to advertise events and achieve optimum results. job interview.

Finally, LinkedIn as a social networking service is used for networking. Employers use this site to post
job vacancies while interested applicants post their curriculum vitae or résumé. LinkedIn is a very effective way to
connect professionals and establish professional linkages. YOUR TURN!
When you share your curriculum vitae via LinkedIn, there is no need to post your home address and
other personal details. You may just limit your presentation to your professional qualifications such as your
educational background, work experience, and achievements as a professional. This way, you can avoid exposing A. Fill in the table below with the appropriate things you need to do before, during and after interview. Use
yourself to some external threats. a separate sheet for your answer.

Preparing for a job Interview

Before the interview
LESSON 2: THE JOB INTERVIEW

Have you ever applied for a job? Do you remember taking part in a Job interview? Reflect on this
experience of a job interview. What good things did you do at this interview? What practices would you not do
again? During the Interview

APPLYING FOR A JOB

Before getting employed, one undergoes an application process that involves the communication skills After the Interview
you have been practicing in the previous lessons. The application process usually begins with a job advertisement
that is made available through various forms such as newspaper advertisements, radio and/or television
broadcasts,
and
B. social media posts, as well as through job placement offices in business and educational institutions.

WHAT TO DO WHAT NOT TO DO

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 GE 5 │ PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 13

“ For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord. Plans to prosper you and not
to harm you; plans to give you hope and a FUTURE!”
-Jeremiah 29:11

Congratulations for enduring your 2020-21 2nd semester run. For that, consider yourself a
conqueror!

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