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    Dumas Method

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    benny
    The document describes an experiment using the Dumas method to determine the identity of an unknown liquid. Two trials were conducted where the unknown liquid was vaporized and the molar mass was calculated using the ideal gas law. The average molar mass from the two trials was 92.45 g/mol, identifying the unknown liquid as toluene which has a molar mass of 92 g/mol.

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    Dumas Method

    Uploaded by

    benny
    57 views4 pages
    The document describes an experiment using the Dumas method to determine the identity of an unknown liquid. Two trials were conducted where the unknown liquid was vaporized and the molar mass was calculated using the ideal gas law. The average molar mass from the two trials was 92.45 g/mol, identifying the unknown liquid as toluene which has a molar mass of 92 g/mol.

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    The document describes an experiment using the Dumas method to determine the identity of an unknown liquid. Two trials were conducted where the unknown liquid was vaporized and the molar mass was calculated using the ideal gas law. The average molar mass from the two trials was 92.45 g/mol, identifying the unknown liquid as toluene which has a molar mass of 92 g/mol.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    57 views4 pages

    Dumas Method

    Uploaded by

    benny
    The document describes an experiment using the Dumas method to determine the identity of an unknown liquid. Two trials were conducted where the unknown liquid was vaporized and the molar mass was calculated using the ideal gas law. The average molar mass from the two trials was 92.45 g/mol, identifying the unknown liquid as toluene which has a molar mass of 92 g/mol.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Dumas Method

    By Benny Wu

    Abstract

    The purpose of this experiment is to identify an unknown liquid using the Dumas method. The

    final average molar mass of the unknown liquid was 92.45 g/mol, and it is identified to be

    toluene, which has a molar mass of 92 g/mol.

    Introduction

    The Dumas method was used in this experiment. This method is used to determine the molar

    mass of an unknown liquid by the liquid in a flask with a small hole at the top (a piece of

    aluminum foil with a small hole was used to seal the flask) to allow the liquid to completely

    vaporize. These unknown liquids are known to be volatile, which is a quality that determines

    how a substance will vaporize. If a substance is volatile, it will vaporize easily. Vaporization is

    when sufficient heat is added to a liquid and it changes from a liquid to a gas. The opposite is

    condensation, the process of when a gas changes to a liquid. Lastly, the ideal gas law is an

    equation that relates the temperature, moles, volume and pressure of a gas that is obtained from a

    combination of multiple gas laws.


    Calculations - Unknown 4 Trial 1

    1. Mass of the condensed liquid in flask = 105.975g - 105.509 g = 0.466 g

    2. Water bath temperature in Kelvin = 103°C + 273 = 376 K

    3. Barometric pressure in atm = 768 mmHg/760 = 1.01 atm

    4. Volume of the flask in liters = 155.0 ml / 1000 = 0.155 L

    5. Density (g/L) = 0.466 g / 0.155 L = 3.006 g/L

    d∗R∗T
    6. Molar mass = mol−1 K −1 * 376 K)/1.01 atm
    P = (3.006 g/L * 0.0821 L atm

    = 91.9 g/mol

    Trial 2

    (3.052 g/L * 0.0821 L atm mol−1 K −1 * 375 K)/1.01 atm = 93.0 g/mol

    Average between Trial 1 and Trial 2

    (91.9 g/mol + 93.0 g/mol)/2 = 92.45 g/mol ~ The unknown substance is toluene

    Data

    Unknown 4

    Trial 1 Trial 2

    Mass of flask, boiling stone, 105.975 106.209


    foil cap, and unknown after
    cooling, g

    Mass of empty flask, boiling 105.509 105.736


    stone, and foil cap, g
    Mass of unknown, g 0.466 0.473

    Water bath temperature at 103.0 102.0


    complete vaporization, C

    Barometric pressure, in 768 768


    mmHg

    Volume of flask, mL 155.0 155.0

    Limits on results

    Graduated cylinder: ± 0.01 mL

    Works cited

    Chemistry textbook, OpenStax

    Conclusion

    The method used in this experiment is the Dumas method, which is used to determine the molar

    mass of an unknown liquid. Most of the values in both trials were similar, except the mass of the

    flask, the mass of the unknown and the temperature of the water bath. The molar mass in trial 2

    was slightly higher than the one in trial 1, but it was easily determined that the unknown liquid

    was toluene. The final average molar mass was 92.45 g/mol, which is the closest to the molar

    mass that was provided for toluene, 92 g/mol.

    Post lab questions


    1. Under what conditions does a real gas most closely behave as an ideal gas?

    A real gas would most likely behave as an ideal gas when it is at low pressures and high

    temperatures (usually more than 10°C above their melting point).

    2. Why would you need to fill up the Erlenmeyer flask with water, and later measure

    the volume of water that filled the Erlenmeyer flask with a graduated cylinder?

    The top of the flask does not have a line to measure the volume of the water, so it is

    poured into the graduated cylinder to measure the volume of the water.

    3. What happens to the molecules of a liquid if the liquid is heated?

    If a liquid is heated, the kinetic energy of the molecules within the liquid increases, which

    means they will move or vibrate faster.

    4. What was the purpose of the aluminum foil in the experiment?

    The aluminum foil ensures that the vapor of the liquid will escape from the flask at a

    specific point.

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