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Running Head: Urinalysis Lab Report

Urinalysis Lab Report

Student Name

202070-GSBN-223-SMG-MM-VC-14983

05/04/2021
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Running Head: Urinalysis Lab Report

Introduction Urinary System

Urinary system consists of a pair of kidney, a pair of ureter, a urinary bladder and urethra.

Urinary system is involved in the production of urine and excretion of wastes alongside with

extra water in the body. Kidneys play a vital role in it. Each kidney is bean shaped organ,

situated in the back of abdomen at level of T12 to L3 vertebra. Each kidney gets its blood supply

from renal artery. After entering the kidney, renal artery divides and divides until it forms

afferent arterioles which lead to a network of capillaries called glomerulus. Here is the blood is

filtered into the Bowman’s capsule .From Bowman’s capsule, filtrate moves thru the network of

tubules which eventually leads into the ureter. Ureter opens in the urinary bladder. In urinary
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Running Head: Urinalysis Lab Report

bladder urine is stored for a while before excreting from the body. Urine is carried outside from

urinary bladder by urethra which opens in vagina in females and penis in males.

Introduction Urinalysis

Urinalysis is the procedure used for the analysis of urine in order to detect some common

disorders in it such as diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract infections, renal problems and hepatic

problems. it can also be used to confirm pregnancy .It is a simple and inexpensive procedure . it

involves assessment of urine color ,consistency, smell and detection of microscopic molecules

such as glucose, nitrites, bilirubin .

Materials and method:

Material:

1. Watch

2. Hand wash

3. Gloves

4. Test control

5. Dipstick
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Running Head: Urinalysis Lab Report

6. Apron

7. Urine sample

8. Urine container

Method:

1. Make sure you have all the apparatus before performing the procedure.

2. Collect the urine sample in the urine container.

3. Urine sample should be 30-60ml and not more.

4. Wash your hand and dry.

5. Observe the color and consistency of urine to note any abnormality and smell it too as it

may have fruity smell in diabetes.

6. Take a urine dipstick and see its expiry date.

7. Dip the stick in the urine sample for few seconds and remove it from the container.

8. Place it horizontally to avoid contamination of the individual segments.

9. As you remove the dipstick from the container, start the timer and note the time.

10. Match the results of dipstick with the control at specific times as mentioned on the chart

used to interpret the results.

11. Discard the dipstick in the dustbin after use and wash your hand again.

 Results:
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Running Head: Urinalysis Lab Report

Variables Tested or Normal Values Control Urine Abnormal 1 Abnormal

Observed 2

Brownish
Color Yellow to amber Transparent Yellow Pale yellow
yellow

Transparency Clear Clear clear clear

pH with dipstick 4.5 – 8.0 6.5 6.5 7.5

Specific gravity 1.005 – 1.030 1.025 1.03 1.005

Sulfates Present

Phosphates Present

Nitrites Absent Absent Absent Absent

Negative – to trace
Glucose Negative 2000mg/dl 1000mg/dl
amount
Protein Negative Trace Negative >2000mg/dl

Urobilinogen Present Present Present Present

Bilirubin Negative Negative Negative Negative

Ketone bodies Negative Negative Trace Negative

Red blood cells Negative Hemolyzed trace Large

leukocytes Negative Negative Negative Negative

Summary

Urine in first sample container has clear transparency, PH and specific gravity in normal

range; trace proteins, and negative for glucose, ketone bodies, nitrites, bilirubin, Red blood cells

and leukocytes.

Urine in 2nd sample container has clear transparency, PH and specific gravity in normal

range; glucose present, trace ketone bodies, hemolyzed red blood cells present urobilinogen

present and negative for bilirubin and leukocytes.

Urine in 3rd sample container has clear transparency, PH and specific gravity in normal

range; positive for glucose, proteins, blood, urobilinogen; and negative for ketone bodies,

nitrites, bilirubin and leukocytes.

Conclusion

Presence of glucose and protein indicates in both abnormal urine sample indicates the defect in

filtration barrier which may occur in hypertension and in pre-eclampsia during pregnancy.

Presence of glucose also indicates a defect in glucose metabolism such as in Diabetes.