DVM Curriculum Booklet Draft

CURRICULUM
OF
DOCTOR OF VETERINERY MEDICINE

(DVM)
(Revised 2014)
HIG HER ISSION

EDUC ATIO N CO MM
HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION

ISLAMABAD
1
CURRICULUM DIVISION, HEC
Prof. Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Chairman, HEC
Mr. Fida Hussain Director General (Acad)
Ms. Ghayyur Fatima Director (Curri)
Mr. Rizwan Shoukat Deputy Director (Curri)
Mr. Abid Wahab Assistant Director (Curri)
Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque Assistant Director (Curri)
Composed by: Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, HEC, Islamabad
2
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 6
2. Minutes of the meeting 10
3. Schemes of Studies 17
4. Detail of Courses (Semester-Wise) 20
1. Semester-I 20
2. Semester-2 28
3. Semester-3 37
4. Semester-4 46
5. Semester-5 54
6. Semester-6 63
7. Semester-7 73
8. Semester-8 83
9. Semester-9 89
10. Semester-10 96
3
PREFACE
The curriculum, with varying definitions, is said to be a plan of the teaching-
learning process that students of an academic programme are required to
undergo. It includes objectives & learning outcomes, course contents, scheme
of studies, teaching methodologies and methods of assessment of learning.
Since knowledge in all disciplines and fields is expanding at a fast pace and new
disciplines are also emerging; it is imperative that curricula be developed and
revised accordingly.
University Grants Commission (UGC) was designated as the competent

authority to develop, review and revise curricula beyond Class-XII vide Section
3, Sub-Section 2 (ii), Act of Parliament No. X of 1976 titled “Supervision of
Curricula and Textbooks and Maintenance of Standard of Education”. With the
repeal of UGC Act, the same function was assigned to the Higher Education
Commission (HEC) under its Ordinance of 2002, Section 10, Sub-Section 1 (v).
In compliance with the above provisions, the Curriculum Division of HEC

undertakes the revision of curricula after every three years through respective
National Curriculum Revision Committees (NCRCs) which consist of eminent
professors and researchers of relevant fields from public and private sector
universities, R&D organizations, councils, industry and civil society by seeking
nominations from their organizations.
In order to impart quality education which is at par with international standards,

HEC NCRCs have developed unified templates as guidelines for the
development and revision of curricula in the disciplines of Basic Sciences,
Applied Sciences, Social Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering in 2007 and
2009.
It is hoped that this curriculum document, prepared by the respective NCRC’s,

would serve the purpose of meeting our national, social and economic needs,
and it would also provide the level of competency specified in Pakistan
Qualification Framework to make it compatible with international educational
standards. The curriculum is also placed on the website of HEC
(www.hec.gov.pk).
(Fida Hussain)
Director General (Academics)
4
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
STAGE-I STAGE-II STAGE-III STAGE-IV
CURRI. UNDER CURRI. IN DRAFT FINAL STAGE FOLLOW UP

CONSIDERATION STAGE STUDY
COLLECTION OF APPRAISAL OF 1ST PREP. OF FINAL QUESTIONNAIRE

DRAFT BY EXP. OF
REC CURRI.
COL./UNIV
CONS. OF CRC. FINALIZATION OF INCORPORATION OF COMMENTS

DRAFT BY CRC REC. OF V.C.C.
PREP. OF DRAFT APPROVAL OF PRINTING OF REVIEW

BY CRC CURRI.BY V.C.C. CURRI.
Abbreviations Used: IMPLE.OF CURRI. BACK TO STAGE-I

CRC. Curriculum Revision
Committee
VCC. Vice Chancellor’s Committee
EXP. Experts
COL. Colleges
UNI. Universities
ORIENTATION
PREP. Preparation
COURSES
REC. Recommendations
5
INTRODUCTION:
The final meeting of the NCRC in Doctor of Veterinary Medicine was
held at Regional Centre Lahore on ________________, the objective of the
meeting was to revise the existing curriculum of DVM. Following members
attended the meeting.
1. Prof. Dr. Laeeq Akbar Lodhi Convener
Dean,
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad.
2. Dr. Muhammad Arshad Member

President,
Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council,
16-Cooper Road, Lahore.
3. Dr. Maqbool A. Memon Member

Dean,
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
Sindh Agriculture University,
Tandojam.
4. Dr. Noor Muhammad Soomro Member

Professor,
Department of Pathology,
Tandojam.
5. Dr. Subhan Qureshi Member

Dean,
Peshawar.
6. Dr. Akbar Ali Soomro Member

Director General,
Live Stock & Dairy Development,
Hyderabad.
7. Prof. Dr. Ghulam Hussain Jaffar, Member

Director,
Live Stock & Dairy Development
Bravery Road, Government of Balochistan,
Quetta.
6
8. Dr. Abdul Jabbar Tanweer, Member
Associate Professor,
Principal
Gomal College of Veterinary Sciences,
D. I. Khan.
9. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan Member

Dean,
University of Veterinary & Animal Science, Lahore.
10. Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani, Member

Professor of Microbiology/Director University Diagnostic
Laboratory,Dean Biosciences
University of Veterinary & Animal Science,
Lahore.
11. Prof. Khalid Javed, Member

Professor,
Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics,
Faculty of Animal Production & Technology,
Lahore.
12. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, Member

Ex-Dean,
Faculty of Bio Sciences,
Lahore.
13. Prof. Zafar Iqbal Randhava, Member

Head of Department,
Department of Parasitology,
UAF, Faisalabad.
14. Prof. Dr. Iftikhar Hussain, Member
Director,
Institute of Microbiology,
Faisalabad.
15. Col (Retd.) Muhammad Asghar Raza, Member
Registrar,
House No. 850, St. 26, G-9/1,
Islamabad
Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council. ,
Islamabad
7
16. Dr. Ahmed Din Anjum, Member
Professor,
Ripha College of Veterinary Sciences,
Shahpur Kanjra, Multan Road,
Lahore.
17. Prof. Safdar Anjum, Member

Dean,
PMAS Arid Agriculture University,
Rawalpindi.
18. Prof. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar, Member

Professor,
University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
Lahore.
19. Dr. Muhammad Ramzan, Member

Deputy Director,
Livestock & Dairy Development,
Government of Punjab,
Lahore.
19. Dr. Masood Akhtar, Member

Dean / Professor,
Bahauddin Zakariya University,
Multan.
20. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, Member

Professor,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Baqai Medical University, 51, De Tor,
Gadap Road, Near Toll Plaza, Super Highway,
Karachi.
21. Dr. M. Razak Karar, Member

Dean / Professor,
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science,
Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water &
Marine Science, Uthal, Balochistan.
22. Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq, Member

Professor,
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science,
The University of Poonch,
Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
8
23. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younas, Member
Principal,
College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
Jhang.
24. Dr. Kamran Ashraf, Member

Professor,
Department of Parasitology,
Lahore.
25. Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman, Member

Chairman,
Faculty of Life Sciences Business Management,
Department of Physiology,
Lahore.
26. Mr. Muhammad Imran, Member

Stenographer/PA to Secretary
House No. 850, St. 26, G-9, Islamabad
Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council,
Islamabad
27. Dr. Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro, Member

Executive Director SPVC
Livestock and Fisheries Dept.
Govt. of Sindh .
28. Dr. Mushtaq Asif, Member

Director,
National Group of Companies,
Shadman-2, Lahore.
29. Dr. Tofique Ahmed Qureshi, Member

Professor / Chairman,
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology,
Tandojam.
30. Dr. Hafsa Zainab, Secretary

Department of Anatomy,
Lahore.
9
MINUTES:
Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council was represented by Dr Muhammad Arshad
(President PVMC). After the introductory session, HEC representation was
ensured by Mr Rizwan Shoukat (Deputy Director Curriculum).
Day 1
Session 1:
Proceedings started with recitation from the Holy Quran. The session was
chaired by Mr Fida Hussain (Director General Academics Division, HEC). He
welcomed the participants and shared the scope of the meeting with them. Dr
Muhammad Arshad (President PVMC) offered PVMC’s perspective on the
exercise of curriculum revision. It was followed by brief introduction of the
participants. Keeping with the tradition, Mr. Fida Hussain offered the house to
nominate the Convener and Secretary of the committee. Prof Dr Laeeq Akbar
Lodhi (Dean FVS, UAF) and Dr. Hafsa Zaneb (Assistant Prof, UVAS) were
nominated as Convener and Secretary of National Curriculum Revision
Committee (DVM) respectively.
Mr Fida Hussain stressed on the need of developing Learning Outcomes (LOs)
for Veterinary Curriculum. He was briefed about the previously carried out
trainings/workshops by Center for Educational Policy and Administration
(CEPA, UVAS) for the said purpose. The house was informed that for majority
of DVM courses, LOs have been developed by the faculty as a result of these
trainings. Mr Fida Hussain and Dr Muhammad Arshad appreciated the initiative
and offered to sponsor a comprehensive training module for the same purpose
to train the faculty of veterinary institutions across Pakistan. The training module
will be designed by Dr Hafsa Zaneb in coordination with PVMC and HEC.
Sessions 2:
The session was chaired by Dr Muhammad Arshad. Following points were
considered before initiations of curriculum revision:
i. As per HEC recommendations, one practical credit hour needs to
consist of 3 contact hours as opposed to the current practice of 2
contact hours.
ii. HEC puts a limit of 15-18 credit hours/semester
iii. OIE day-1 competencies may be considered as guidelines for
curriculum revision. The house then discussed the existing scheme of
studies and after deliberations agreed upon a scheme of studies which
will form basis of further discussions and exercise (Annexure I).
Session 3:
In absence of Prof Dr Laeeq A Lodhi (Convener, NCRC/Dean FVS UAF), Dr
Muhammad Arshad invited Prof Dr Muhammad Sarwar (Dean FVS, UVAS) to
chair the second session. The course contents of the first 4 semesters were
briefly discussed and it was agreed upon that the contents and sequence of the
10
courses will be finalized following the guidelines of OIE while considering the
local needs. Prof Dr Subhan Qureshi (Dean Faculty of Animal Husbandry and
VS, UAP) and Prof Dr Abdul Raziq Kakar (Dean FV&AS Lasbela University)
made some recommendations regarding internship program and offered to
develop a proposal and present it next morning.
2ND DAY:
Session 1:
The session began with a welcome note by Prof Dr Laeeq A Lodhi (Convener)
whereby he appreciated the inputs provided by the committee members in the
previous sessions. Prof Dr Subhan Qureshi and Prof Dr Abdul Raziq Kakar
presented their internship proposal following which the house was opened for
discussion. Following points were noted by committee members regarding the
structure and modalities of DVM internship program:
i. Regarding enlisting of institutions and organizations for internship, a
degree of flexibility is required as different universities have unique
circumstances.
ii. Government livestock farms will be enlisted for the purpose.
iii. For private farms, the decision lies with the universities to see if the farms
are good enough to offer useful experience to their students. It was
suggested that farms with more than 500 animals may be enlisted.
iv. Respective department / institute will be solely responsible for the
decisions regarding student placement with intimation to PVMC for
information.
v. Individuals / organizations need to have a limit for number of students
accepted / year.
vi. Durations of internship will be one (01) semester. Students can spend
this time at one or more places depending upon the available facilities
and circumstances.
vii. Courses will be retained in the last (10th) semester to comply with the
HEC policy. Alternatively 10 credit hours can be assigned to internship
to fulfill this requirement.
viii. Universities will allow exchange of internship students from other
accredited institutions.
ix. Logistical expenses related to internship will need to be borne by the
student or employer. The committee can request HEC for its funding but
in principal it should be left with Universities.
x. Each faculty / college will constitute monitoring teams and intimate
PVMC and HEC about the process.
Session 2 & 3:
The session began with discussion pertaining to layout of contents in the to-
be-proposed courses. It was suggested that detailed contents may be
included in annexure while saving only 5-6 lines for the main document. It was
also suggested that while it is mandatory to retain compulsory courses as per
HEC policy, their content may be re-vamped to make them more relevant to
the program.
11
Prof Dr Talat Naseer Pasha (VC, UVAS) joined the committee briefly. He
shared his views on the future direction of the Veterinary Profession and
urged the committee to consider recent developments in international trade
and food safety practices while revising the curriculum. Prof Dr Laeeq A
Lodhi thanked Prof Dr Talat Naseer Pasha for sparing his time and for his
observations.
Rationalization of credit hours allocated to courses of different disciplines
was carried out according to the consensus achieved on the last day.
Practical credit hours were adjusted to 3 contact hour scheme. Resulting
document is attached as Annexure II. (This document is likely to be modified
following the meetings with stakeholders and working of different subject
committees).
Day 3:
Outcome of Day-3 proceedings was as follows:
1. Courses were organized department-wise and contribution of various
departments towards scheme of study of DVM was reviewed. Existing
credit hour allocation of each department (based on 1 practical credit hour
= 2 contact hours) was converted into a projected credit hour allocation
(based on HEC recommendations of 1 practical hour = 3 contact hours).
During the process, partial rationalization of courses was done. The
document is attached as Annexure II.
2. The Departments will develop new courses AND/OR edit the contents of
the existing ones to adjust within the contact hours.
3. Subject Committees were constituted by the principal committee
(NCRC) to assist in re-structuring/ re-naming the courses. Their details
are as follows:
Anatomy & Histology:
i. Dr Hafsa Zaneb (Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy &
Histology UVAS) Convener
ii. Prof Dr Ans Sarwar Qureshi (Chairman Department of Anatomy &
Histology UAF)
iii. Dr Saima Masood (Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy &
Histology UVAS)
Physiology & Biochemistry:
i. Prof Dr Habib ur Rehman (Chairman, Department of Physiology UVAS)
- Convener
ii. Dr Tanvir Khaliq (Associate Professor, Department of Physiology &
Pharmacology UAF)
iii. Dr Maqsood Sindhu
Pharmacology:
i. Prof Dr Muhammad Ashraf (Chairman Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology UVAS) - Convener
ii. Dr Muhammad Ovais Omer (Associate Professor, Department of
12
Pharmacology and Toxicology UVAS)
iii. Dr Muhammad Junaid (Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology
& Pharmacology UAF)
Pathology:
i. Prof. Dr. Ahrar Khan (Chairman, Department of Pathology UAF) -
Convener
ii. Prof. Dr. M. Zargham Khan (Department of Pathology UAF)
iii. Dr Asim Aslam (Chairman Department of Pathology UVAS)
Parasitology:
i. Prof Dr Zafar Iqbal Randhawa (Chairman Department of Parasitology
UAF) – Convener
ii. Dr. Masood Akhter (Dean Faculty of Veterinary Science BZU)
iii. Prof Dr AG Arijo (Department of Veterinary Parasitology, SAU)
iv. Dr Imran Rashid (Assistant Professor Department of
Parasitology UVAS)
Microbiology:
i. Prof Dr Iftikhar Hussain (Director, Institute of Microbiology UAF) -
Convener
ii. Prof Dr Khushi Muhammad (Chairman Department of Microbiology,
UVAS)
iii. Prof Dr Masood Rabbani (Department of Microbiology UVAS/Director
UDL)
iv. Dr Jawad Nazir (Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology
UVAS)
Epidemiology:
i. Prof Dr Mansur ud Din (Chairman Department of Epidemiology and
Public Health UVAS) – Convener
ii. Prof. Dr. Ghulam Muhammad (Chairman Department of CMS UAF)
iii. Dr Hassan Mushtaq (Assist Prof Department of Epidemiology and
Public Health UVAS)
iv. Dr. M. Shahid Mehmood (Associate Professor , Institute of
Microbiology UAF)
Medicine:
i. Prof Dr Ghulam Muhammad (Chairman Department of CMS UAF) –
Convener
ii. Dr Anila Zameer Durrani (Chairperson Department of CMS UVAS)
iii. Dr Abdul Latif Bhutto (Assist Prof Department of Veterinary Medicine
SAU)
iv. Dr Muhammad Avais (Assistant Prof Department of CMS UVAS)
Surgery:
i. Prof Dr Muhammad Arif Khan (Department of CMS UVAS) – Convener
ii. Dr Abdul Asim Farooq (Assist Prof Department of Clinical Sciences
BZU)
iii. Dr Nadeem Asi (Lecturer Department of CMS UAF)
13
iv. Dr Arfan Yousaf (Associate Professor Department of Clinical Sciences
PMAS AAU)
Theriogenology:
i. Prof Dr Nasim Ahmad (Department of Theriogenology UVAS) –
Convener
ii. Prof Dr Subhan Qureshi (Dean Faculty of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science UAP)
iii. Dr Amjad Riaz (Assistant Prof Department of Theriogenology UVAS)
Livestock Production / ABG:
i. Prof Dr Khalid Javed (Chairman Department of Livestock Production
UVAS) – Convener
ii. Prof Dr Abdul Raziq Kakar (Dean Faculty of Veterinary and Animal
Science LUAWMS)
iii. Dr Qamar Shahid (Assistant Prof Department of Livestock Production
UVAS)
Poultry Production:
i. Dr A.D. Anjum (Riphah Veterinary College) - Convener
ii. Prof Dr Safdar Anjum (Dean Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science
PMAS AAU)
iii. Prof Dr Muhammad Akram (Chairman Department of Poultry
Production UVAS)
iv. Dr Abdul Jabbar (Assistant Professor, Gomal College of Veterinary
Sciences GU)
Animal Nutrition:
i. Prof (Retd) Dr Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar (Member, PARB) – Convener
ii. Prof Dr Mirza Aslam (Director, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed
Technology UAF)
iii. Dr Tanvir Ahmad (Associate Prof Department of Livestock Production
and Management PMAS AAU)
iv. Dr Muhammad Afzal (Assistant Prof Department of Animal Nutrition
UVAS)
Allied Courses:
i. Prof Dr Masood Rabbani (Director UDL UVAS) - Convener
ii. Prof Dr Zafar Iqbal Randhawa (Chairman Department of Parasitology
UAF)
iii. Dr Muhammad Arshad (Assist Prof Department of Wildlife and Ecology
UVAS)
iv. Dr Noor Khan (Assist Prof Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture
UVAS)
v. Dr Hafiz Hussain Azhar (Assistant Prof Department of Social Sciences
UVAS)
vi. Mr Muhammad Iqbal (Assistant Prof Institute of Continuing Education
and Extension UVAS)
14
The Conveners of the committees can opt more members if they feel the need
to do so.
1. The subject committees will be sent a copy of OIE recommendations to be

considered while finalizing courses at subject committee level.
2. Every course will be preceded by its objectives and intended learning
outcomes (ILOs). Courses thereby will be structured accordingly. The
committee would like to have the split schedule of each lecture/practical
indicating the contents to be covered.
3. The subject committee will look into the matter of duplication of course
contents.
4. Number of courses offered by one department will be limited to a maximum
of 3-4 (except for the clinical departments) courses so that the students are
not over-burdened with a large number of courses/semester. Also, courses
with 01 credit hours will be discouraged and departments will be expected
to merge the contents of such a course into another relevant course.
5. Relevant subject committees will develop elective courses of up to 8 credits
each in the following areas to give a specialized status to graduates. These
courses will be evaluated on Pass/Fail or Satisfactory/Non Satisfactory
basis, will be in addition to core courses and will be offered during summer.
i. Bovine Herd Health, Preventive Medicine and Equine Medicine.
Companion Animal Medicine & Surgery.
ii. Poultry Production and Diagnostics.
iii. Artificial Insemination & Reproductive Herd Health.
iv. Dairy Animal Management/Husbandry.
In every semester, 01 credit course specific to Animal Contact / Behavior will be
taught. Meeting with the stakeholders will be held before finalizing the first draft.
Their recommendations will be incorporated in existing courses or in new
courses to be designed specifically for this purpose. Conveners of all the Subject
Committees will be invited in these meetings for ensuring effectiveness of the
exercise (In case of unavailability, the Convener may request any other
members of the committee for representation). Meetings can be organized at
different locations to ensure maximum participation of major stakeholders.
Following stakeholders were identified initially:
i) Poultry Sector: Prof. (Retd) Dr. AD Anjum and Prof. Dr. M. Akram
(Chairman, Department of Poultry Production, UVAS) will be
requested to arrange input from industry individually or as a team and
present joint recommendations.
ii) Meat Sector: Prof. Dr. Khalid Javed (Chairman, Department of
Livestock Production UVAS) and Dr. Hayat Jaspal (Assistant
Professor, Department of Meat and Fiber Technology UVAS) will be
requested to arrange input from industry.
iii) Dairy Sector: Prof. Dr. Khalid Javed (Chairman, Department of
15
Livestock Production UVAS) will be requested to arrange input from
industry.
iv) Government Sector: Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Randhawa (Chairman,
Department of Parasitology UAF) will be requested to arrange input
from the Government Sector.
Additionally, various veterinary institutes are encouraged to identify more

stake holders, hold meetings with them separately if they are remotely
located and submit the recommendations to the relevant focal persons by
20th February, 2014.
11. Subject committees can make 15-20% reduction in credit hours themselves.
Alternatively, the NCRC allowed the Convener and Secretary to make
suitable reduction / addition when and where required.
12. In addition to review of DVM scheme of studies, subject committees will also
carry out the review process of postgraduate courses in their respective
disciplines and submit report together with DVM scheme.
13. Exercise of curriculum revision will be completed in coordination with HEC.
14. The committee will communicate with HEC to achieve an understanding

regarding number of contact hours allocated to One (01) Practical Credit
Hour. In existing DVM courses, One (01) Practical Credit Hour is equal to
Two (02) Contact Hours, whereas HEC recommends One (01) Practical
Hour to be equal to Three (03) Contact Hours.
15. Committee also argued that requirement of successful completion of pre-
requisite courses will be imposed at suitable intervals e.g. unless students
successfully complete courses of 2nd semester they will not get admission
in 3rd semester.
The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks by Prof Dr Laeeq A Lodhi

(Convener NCRC).
16
SCHEME OF STUDIES
Sr COURSE COURSE TITLE CREDIT
No NO HOURS
SEMESTER ONE
1 ANAT Veterinary Anatomy – I 3 (1-2)

2 ANAT General Veterinary Histology 2 (1-1)
3 PHYS Veterinary Physiology-I 3(2-1)
4 BIOC Biochemistry 4(3-1)
5 MATH Mathematics 2 (2-0)
6 ENGL English- I (Functional English) 2 (2-0)
TOTAL 16(11-5)
26
SEMESTER TWO
1 ANAT Veterinary Anatomy – II 3 (1-2)

2 ANAT Systemic Veterinary Histology and 3 (2-1)
Embryology
3 PHYS Veterinary Physiology-II 4(3-1)
4 ENGL English- II (Communication Skills) 2(2-0)
5 MICR General Veterinary Microbiology 3(2-1)
6 PPRO Introduction to Poultry Production 1(1-0)
7 LPRO Fundamentals of Livestock Production 2(1-1)
8 SOSC Pakistan Studies 1(1-0)
TOTAL 19(13-6)
31
SEMESTER THREE
1 NUTR Principles of Animal Nutrition 3(2-1)

2 PHRM General and Systemic Pharmacology 4(3-1)
3 PATH General Veterinary Pathology 3(2-1)
4 PARA General Veterinary Parasitology and 3(2–1)
Protozoology
5 MICR Veterinary Immunology 2(1-1)
6 SOSC Anthropology 1 (1-0)
7 BIOL Molecular Biology 2(1-1)
8 ZOOL Lab and Zoo Animal Management 1 (0-1)
TOTAL 19(12-7)
33
17
SEMESTER FOUR
1 NUTR Livestock Feed Resources and Forage 3(2-1)

Conservation
2 PHRM Veterinary Chemotherapy and Toxicology 4(3-1)
3 MICR Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 3(2-1)
4 PATH Systemic Veterinary Pathology 3(2-1)
5 PARA Veterinary Helminthology 4(3–1)
6 EXT Livestock Extension Education 2 (2-0)
7 LPRO Animal Breeding and Genetics – I 2(1-1)
21(15-6)
TOTAL
33
SEMESTER FIVE
1 NUTR Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology 2(1-1)

2 LPRO Animal Breeding and Genetics – II 3(2-1)
3 PATH Veterinary Clinical Pathology 1(0-1)
4 PARA Veterinary Entomology and Acarology 3(2–1)
5 MICR Veterinary Virology 3(2-1)
6 THER Veterinary Reproductive Physiology 3 (2-1)
7 MEDI General and Systemic Veterinary Medicine 3(2-1)
8 SOSC Islamic Studies/Ethics 1(1-0)
TOTAL 19(12-7)
33
SEMESTER SIX
1 EPID Zoonoses and Food Safety 3 (2-1)

2 LPRO Principles of Dairy Production 3(2-1)
3 THER Reproductive Biotechnology 2 (2-0)
4 MEDI Veterinary Preventive Medicine-I 3(3-0)
5 PATH/A 3(2-1)
Meat Inspection and Necropsy Practice
PTC
6 SURG Diagnostic Imaging 2(1-1)
7 MEDI Medicine Clinic-I 1(0-1)
8 SURG Surgery Clinic – I 1(0-1)
9 THER Theriogenology Clinic – I 1 (0-1)
19(12-7)
TOTAL
33
18
SEMESTER SEVEN
1 LPRO Beef and Mutton Production 2(1-1)

2 MEDI Veterinary Preventive Medicine-II 3(3-0)
3 SURG Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care 1(0-1)
4 THER Obstetrics and Genital Diseases 3 (2-1)
5 PPRO Commercial Poultry Production 2(1-1)
6 STAT Bio-statistics 3(2-1)
7 MEDI Medicine Clinic-II 1(0-1)
8 SURG Surgery Clinic – II 1(0-1)
9 THER Theriogenology Clinic – II 1 (0-1)
TOTAL 17(9-8)
33
SEMESTER EIGHT
1 PPRO Breeder and Hatchery Management 3(2-1)

2 EPID Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health 3(2-1)
3 SURG Small Animal Surgery 4(3-1)
AQUA Fisheries and Aquaculture 1 (0-1)
4 MEDI Medicine Clinic III 2(0-2)
5 SURG Surgery Clinic III 2(0-2)
6 THER Theriogenology Clinic III 2 (0-2)
TOTAL 17(7-10)
37
SEMESTER NINE
1 LPRO Animal Welfare and Ethics 2 (2-0)

2 DTECH Dairy Technology 2 (1-1)
3 PATH Poultry Pathology 3(2-1)
4 SURG Large Animal Surgery and Shoeing 3(2-1)
5 MEDI Medicine Clinic-IV 2(0-2)
6 SURG Surgery Clinic – IV 2(0-2)
7 THER Theriogenology Clinic – IV 2 (0-2)
16(7-9)
TOTAL 34
19
SEMESTER TEN
1 ENGL English- III (Technical Report Writing and 2 (2-0)

Presentation)
2 LEBM Livestock Economics And Business 2(2-0)
Management
INTERNSHIP
TOTAL 4 (4-0)
GRAND TOTAL 167(102-65)
297
Note: Institutions can add upto 15 credit hour courses to match their
circumstances and strengths.
DETAIL OF COURSES
SEMESTER I
VETERINARY ANATOMY- I 3 (1-2)

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Define and describe directional terms and bone surface modifications
2. Describe structure and relationship of bones, joints, muscles, nerves and
blood vessels of forelimb and hindlimb (Practical only).
3. Describe structure of components of common integument, lymphatic and
nervous system.
4. Indicate topographical location of skeletal and associated soft structures
on live animals (Practical only).
Theory:
Introduction to anatomy; definitions and branches, body points; general body
points of horse, ox and dog, anatomical terminology; directional terms, planes,
bone surface modifications, Osteology; structure of bone, classes of bones and
comparative aspects, myology; types, structure, naming conventions of muscles
and associated structures, and comparative aspects, arthrology; structural and
functional classification of joints, structure of synovial joints, gait mechanics;
statics and dynamics, types of natural gaits and comparative aspects,
integumentary system; Skin and its modifications, mammary apparatus, hoof,
claw, digital pads, horn & hair, lymphatic system; lymph centers, lymph nodes
and lymphatic channels, CNS; brain and spinal cord, PNS; ganglia, nerves,
autonomic nervous system, special senses; ear and eye.
Practical:
Introduction to anatomy, branches of anatomy, terminology, anatomical planes
and directional terms, comparative anatomy of forelimb region (equine,
ruminant, canine): osteology of forelimb, arthrology of forelimb, myology of
shoulder, brachium, antebrachium and digital regions; blood vessels of the
20
forelimb, their scheme and identification; nerves of the forelimb, their scheme
and identification, comparative anatomy of hind limb region (equine, ruminant,
canine): osteology of hind limb, arthrology of forelimb, myology: myology of
croup, thigh and leg regions; blood vessels of the hind limb, their scheme and
identification; nerves of the hind limb, their scheme and identification, anatomy
of equine distal limb, comparative anatomy of skull (equine, ruminant, canine),
brain and spinal cord, udder, hoof & horn, topography/surface anatomy of
forelimb and hind limb regions.
Textbook:
1. Koenig, H. E. and H-G. Liebich, 2009. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic
Animals, Text book and Colour Atlas. Schattauer, Germany.
Recommended Books:
1. Pasquini C., T. Spurgeon, and S. Pasquini, 2007. Anatomy of Domestic
Animals –Systemic and Regional approach. Soudz, U.S.A.
2. Getty, R., S. Sisson and J. D. Grossman, 1986. The Anatomy of the
Domestic Animals. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, U.S.A.
3. Miller, M.E., 2000. Guide to the dissection of the Dog. Edwards Brothers, I
thaca, New York, U.S.A.
4. Philiph, G.D., 1988. Guide to Ruminant Anatomy Based on the Dissection
of the Goat. Iowa State University Press. Ames, U.S.A.
5. Haward., E. and D. Alexander, 2000. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog.
W.B. Saunders Co. U.S.A.
GENERAL VETERINARY HISTOLOGY 2 (1-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe the light and ultra-structure of cell.
2. Describe and identify the microscopic features of four basic tissues;
epithelia, connective and supportive tissues, muscular tissue, nervous
tissue.
Theory:
Ultrastructure of cell, epithelial tissue: morphology and classification of types of
surface epithelia and glandular epithelia, connective and supportive tissue: cells
and fibers of connective tissue, microscopic study of different types of supportive
connective tissue, light microscopic study of avian and mammalian blood,
muscular tissue: light and fine microscopic structure of skeletal, cardiac, smooth
muscle fibers, nervous tissue: light and fine microscopic structure of nervous
tissue cells, neuron, ganglion and nerve.
21
Practical:
Microscopy: different parts of microscope and practical use of microscope, slide
preparation: practical demonstration of tissue processing techniques and
staining procedures. identification of different cell organelles in electron
micrographs, epithelium: identification of different types of surface and glandular
epithelium, connective tissue: identification of different types of cells, fibers of
connective tissue and different types of proper and supportive connective tissue,
blood: identification of different types of blood cells, muscular tissue:
identification of different tissue sections of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
fibers under light microscope, nervous system: identification of neuron,
neuroglia, central and peripheral nervous system: brain, spinal cord and
peripheral nerves.
Textbook:
1. Eurell, J. A., and B. L. Frappier, 2007. Dellmann’s Textbook of Veterinary
Histology, Blackwell Publishing, UK.
Recommended Books:
1. Samuelson, D.A., 2007. Textbook of Veterinary Histology, Saunders
Elseviers, USA.
2. Bacha, W.J. and L.M. Bacha, 2012. Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology, 3rd
Ed., Wiley Blackwell, USA.
3. Qureshi, A. S. and M.N. Chaudhry, 2007. Illustrated Vet. Histology, MAS
Publishers, Faisalabad.
4. McGaedy, T.A., P.J. Quinn, E.S. Fitzpatrick, and M.T. Ryan, 2006.
Veterinary Embryology, Blackwell Publishing, UK.
5. Kuehnel, W., 2003. Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology and Microscopic
Anatomy, 4th Ed., Thieme Stuttgart, New York.
6. Eroschenko, V.P., 2012. diFiore's Atlas of Histology: with Functional
Correlations, 12th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.
VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY-I 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe the basic physiological principles and techniques related to
processes of adaptation, homeostasis and feedback control systems.
2. Describe the relationship of structure to function focusing cardiovascular,
circulatory and respiratory systems and their regulation with reference to
nervous system.
3. Describe the pathophysiology of selected disorders of cardiovascular,
circulatory and respiratory systems.
Theory:
Homeostasis and Feed Back Control: Cell and cell membrane transport
system, Neuron, Action potential, Synapse and synaptic transmission,
Neurotransmitters, Neurophysiology of skeletal and smooth muscles,
Excitation-contraction coupling mechanism, Nervous system: Central and
22
peripheral nervous systems, Upper and lower motor neurons, Physiology of
Reflex Arc, Autonomic nervous system; Parasympathetic and sympathetic
divisions, Types of receptors and their properties, Anatomical divisions of brain
and functions of each part. Cardiovascular System: Blood composition, blood
cells genesis and differentiation, Structure and synthesis of hemoglobin, its
types and iron metabolism, Functions of Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils,
Monocyte- Macrophage system and their role against infection, Reticulo-
endothelial system, Resistance of body to infection, Lymphocytes and immunity
(Humoral and cell mediated immunity), Blood groups, Blood transfusion and its
complications, Mechanism of blood coagulation, Fibrinolytic system, Clinical
correlations (Anemia, polycythemia, allergy and hypersensitivity, jaundice,
hemophilia). Circulatory Physiology: Circulation and its characteristics,
Biophysics of hemodynamics, Circulation: General; systemic and regional
circulation; Coronary, skeletal muscle, splenic, Fetal and Pulmonary Circulation,
Microcirculation and fluid exchange. Blood Pressure, neural and hormonal
control of blood pressure and blood volume, Local control of blood pressure and
flow. Physiology of Lymphatic system channel of body, formation of lymph; Role
of lymphatic system in controlling interstitial fluid protein, volume and pressure.
Cardiac cell properties and energy requirements, physiological basis of cardiac
cycle; Relationship to heart sounds to heart pumping, Regulation of cardiac
activity. Rhythmical excitation of heart; electrophysiology of heart;
Characteristics of normal electrocardiogram. Clinical correlations (edema
formation, circulatory shock, electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac
muscle and coronary blood flow abnormalities). Respiratory system:
Functional anatomy of respiratory system, Mechanism of Pulmonary ventilation,
Pulmonary volume and capacities, Physical principles of gas exchange,
Respiratory membrane and diffusion of different gases through it, Fetal gas
exchange, Factors affecting rate of gas diffusion, Role of surfactants, Pleural
cavity, Regulation of transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in blood, lungs
and tissues, Neural and hormonal control of respiration. Clinical correlations
(pulmonary edema, emphysema and hypertension, CO poisoning, hypoxia)
Practical:
Methods of handling and restraining of different animals for blood collection,
body temperature, pulse. Sites of Blood collection in different animal species,
precautions while blood collection. Blood Collection. Different type of
anticoagulants used routinely and their mechanism of actions. Practical
demonstration of measurement of body temperature, pulse, respiration rate in
different domestic animals. Determination of Total Red Blood Cell count (animal
or human source). Determination of Total White Blood Cell count (animal
source). Determination of Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin concentration,
Coagulation and bleeding time, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Differential
Leukocyte Count, Blood Groups. Determination of lung capacities and volumes.
Identification of reflexes in frog, Pithing and stunning of frog, Nerve muscle
preparation.
23
Textbook:
1. Cunningham, J.G. and B. G. Klein, 2007. Textbook of Veterinary
Physiology. 4th Edition. WB Saunders Company, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Dukes, H.H., M.J. Swenson and W.O. Reece, 2004. Duke’s Physiology of
Domestic Animals. 12th Edition, Comstock Publishing, USA.
2. Costanzo, L., 2008. Physiology. 4th Edition, Elsevier Publishing, USA.
3. Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall., 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th
Edition. WB Saunders Company, USA.
4. Barreet, K.E., S.M. Barman, S. Boitano and H.L. Brooks, 2006. Ganong’s
Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd Edition. Appleton & Lange, USA.
BIOCHEMISTRY 4 (3-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe structure and function of essential biological molecules (e.g.,
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) and metabolic & regulatory pathways.
2. Prepare solutions and buffers
3. Detect bio-molecules in various samples.
Theory:
Introduction to Biochemistry, pH & its importance, Buffer, Henderson-
Hasselbalch equation, Carbohydrates: Introduction to carbohydrates,
Classification of carbohydrates, Glycosidic linkages & Glycosides, Isomers,
Optical activity & rotations, Chemical properties of monosaccharides, structure
and functions of important monosaccharide, Homopoly saccharide, Heteropoly
saccharides, Proteins: Introduction to Proteins, Classification of proteins,
Structure and Classification of amino acids, Amphoteric properties of amino
acids, concept of Isoelectric pH Peptide Linkage, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
and Quaternary structure of proteins, Enzymes; General Characteristics and
classification of enzyme, Enzyme Kinetics Lipids: Introduction to Lipids,
structure & classification of fatty acids, nomenclature of fatty acids, Physical
properties of fatty acids and triglycerides, Chemical Properties of fatty acids and
triglycerides, Sterols and cholesterol, Prostaglandin and their physical role,
Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, regulation, energy production, Kreb’s
Cycle, regulation, energy production, Electron Transport Chain, Pentose
phosphate shunt, Gluconeogenesis, Protein metabolism: Degradation of
Proteins and amino acids, Urea cycle and its importance, urea toxicity,
Regulation of urea cycle, Bioenergetics of protein metabolism, Lipid
metabolism: Beta oxidation of even and odd chain fatty acids, Biosynthesis of
fatty acids, Biosynthesis of triglycerides, Biosynthesis of Cholesterol,
Biosynthesis of Ketone bodies, DNA metabolism: Biosynthesis and
Degradation of nucleic acids, Comparative features among animal species of
particular relevance, metabolism of mono-gastric and poly-gastric animals, and
comparison of metabolism of mono and poly-gastric animals.
24
Practical:
Preparation of solutions: Preparation of Percentage, Molar and Normal
solutions, Preparation of Buffer, Carbohydrate Analysis: Group Identification
Test, Identification of mono, di and polysaccharides, Identification of reducing
sugars, Identification of ketose sugar and their confirmation by phenylhydrazine
test, Identification scheme for carbohydrates, Estimation of glucose in blood
sample by glucose oxidase method, Estimation of amino acids by
spectrophotometry, Biuret Test and Ninhydrin Test, Precipitation tests of
proteins: Precipitation of casein at isoelectric point, salt saturation tests, Serum
protein fractionation by electrophoresis, Separation of the colour pigments of
Berseem/ alfa alfa by paper chromatography, Identification of lipids,
Salkowiski’s test
Textbook:
1. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox., 2013. Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Edition,
Worth Publishers.
Recommended Books:
1. Boyer, R.F., 2014. Modern Experimental Biochemistry. 3rd Edition. The
Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co., USA
2. Stryer, L., 2012. Biochemistry, 7th Edition, W. H. Freeman and Co.
3. Lab Manual in Biochemistry, Immunology and Biotechnology, Arti Nigram,
Archana Ayyagari. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New
Delhi.
4. Murray, R., Bender, D., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V., P.A.
Weil, 2012. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 29th edition. The McGraw-Hill
companies Inc. USA.
5. Voet D. and J.G. Voet 2004. Biochemistry 3rd Edition John Wiley & Sons.
USA.
25
COMPULSORY MATHEMATICS
(FOR STUDENTS NOT MAJORING IN MATHEMATICS)
1. MATHEMATICS I (ALGEBRA) 3 (3-0)

Learning outcome:
At the end of the course, students will be able to apply the algebraic concepts
and techniques in their respective disciplines.
Theory:
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set
operations, functions, types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to matrices,
types, matrix inverse, determinants, system of linear equations, Cramer‟s rule.
Quadratic Equations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis of
roots of a quadratic equations, equations reducible to quadratic equations, cube
roots of unity, relation between roots and coefficients of quadratic equations.
Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric progression,
harmonic progression. Binomial Theorem: Introduction to mathematical
induction, binomial theorem with rational and irrational indices. Trigonometry:
Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric identities.
Recommended Books:
1. Dolciani MP, Wooton W, Beckenback EF, Sharron S, Algebra 2 and
Trigonometry, 1978, Houghton & Mifflin.
2. Kaufmann JE, College Algebra and Trigonometry, 1987, PWS-Kent
Company, Boston
3. Swokowski EW, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th edition),
1986, PWS-Kent Company, Boston
2. MATHEMATICS II (CALCULUS) 3 (3-0)

Prerequisite(s): Mathematics I (Algebra)
Learning outcome:
At the end of the course, students will be able to apply the newly learnt concepts
and the techniques in their respective disciplines.
Theory:
Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution of
equations involving absolute values, inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of
a function, left-hand and right-hand limits, continuity, continuous functions.
Derivatives and their Applications: Differentiable functions, differentiation of
polynomial, rational and transcendental functions, derivatives. Integration and
Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals, integration by
substitution, integration by parts, change of variables in indefinite integrals.
Recommended Books:
1. Anton H, Bevens I, Davis S, Calculus: A New Horizon (8th Edition), 2005,
John Wiley, New York
2. Stewart J, Calculus (3rd Edition), 1995, Brooks/Cole (suggested text)
26
3. Swokowski EW, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 1983, PWS-Kent
Company, Boston
4. Thomas GB, Finney AR, Calculus (11th Edition), 2005, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Ma, USA
3. MATHEMATICS III (GEOMETRY) 3 (3-0)
Prerequisite(s): Mathematics II (Calculus)

Learning outcome:
At the end of the course, students will be able to apply the newly learnt concepts
and the techniques in their respective disciplines.
Theory:
Geometry in Two Dimensions: Cartesian-coördinate mesh, slope of a line,
equation of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, various forms of equation of
a line, intersection of two lines, angle between two lines, distance between two
points, distance between a point and a line. Circle: Equation of a circle, circles
determined by various conditions, intersection of lines and circles, locus of a
point in various conditions. Conic Sections: Parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, the
general-second-degree equation
Recommended Books:
1. Abraham S, Analytic Geometry, Scott, Freshman and Company, 1969
2. Kaufmann JE, College Algebra and Trigonometry, 1987, PWS-Kent
Company, Boston
3. Swokowski EW, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th Edition),
1986, PWS-Kent Company, Boston
ENGLISH-I (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) 2 (2-0)
Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.

Course Contents:
Basics of Grammar
Parts of speech and use of articles
Sentence structure, active and passive voice
Practice in unified sentence
Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Punctuation and spelling
Comprehension
Answers to questions on a given text
Discussion
General topics and every-day conversation (topics for discussion to be at
the discretion of the teacher keeping in view the level of students)
27
Listening
To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully selected by
subject teachers
Translation skills
Urdu to English
Paragraph writing
Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher
Presentation skills
Introduction
Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building
Recommended Books:
1. Functional English
a) Grammar
1. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet.
Exercises 1. Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN
0194313492
Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN
0194313506
b) Writing
1. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand
and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth
Impression 1993. ISBN 0 19 435405 7 Pages 20-27 and 35-41.
c) Reading/Comprehension
1. Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis.
Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19
453402 2.
d) Speaking
28
SEMESTER II
VETERINARY ANATOMY-II 3 (1-2)
Learning outcomes:
1. Identify and describe anatomical features of skeletal, muscular, articular,
vascular and nervous components of head and neck region (Practical
only).
2. Identify and describe anatomical features of Respiratory, Digestive,
Urinary, Genital and Endocrine Systems (organs of thoracic, abdominal
and pelvic cavities).
3. Identify and describe anatomical features of skeleton and viscera of
domestic chicken.
4. Indicate topographical location of organs on live animals (Practical only).
Theory:
Comparative Respiratory System (Equine, Ruminant, Canine); nostrils, nasal
cavity, nasopharynx, hyoid apparatus, larynx, trachea, lungs, Comparative
Cardiovascular System (Equine, Ruminant, Canine); heart, vessels,
Comparative Digestive System (Equine, Ruminant, Canine); oral cavity,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, peritoneum,
omentum, liver, pancreas, spleen, Dentition; Teeth eruption and dental
markings on equine teeth with age, Urinary System (Equine, Ruminant, Canine);
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, Male Genital System (Equine, Ruminant,
Canine); descent of testis, scrotum, spermatic cord, testis, penis, prepuce,
Female Genital System (Equine, Ruminant, Canine); peritoneal attachments
and anatomy of female internal and external genitalia, Endocrine system, Avian
anatomy, Topographic anatomy.
Practical:
Comparative Anatomy of Head & Neck Region (Equine, Ruminant, Canine):
Osteology: Skull review, Mandible, Vertebrae. Axial Arthrology. Myology of
Face, Neck and Trunk. Sagittal section of head and neck: Nasal and Oral
cavities, Larynx (cartilages), Trachea, Esophagus, thyroid glands, contents of
carotid sheath. Comparative Anatomy of Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis (Equine,
Ruminant, Canine): Osteology: Ribs and sternum. Boundaries and contents of
thoracic cavity, Pleura, Mediastinum, Lungs and Bronchial tree, Heart and Blood
Vessels cranial to the heart. Introduction to abdominal cavity, Peritoneum,
Omentum, Stomach (Simple and Compound), Small and Large Intestine, Biliary
System, Liver and Spleen, Abdominal Aorta. Urinary System, Kidneys, Ureters,
Urinary bladder and Urethra. Male Genital System; descent of testis, Scrotum,
Testes, Duct system, Penis, Prepuce, Accessory glands. Female Genital
System; peritoneal attachments and modifications, Internal and External
Genitalia, Endocrine Glands, Avian Anatomy (skeleton and organs),
Topography of body organs.
29
Textbook:
1. Koenig, H. E. and H-G. Liebich, 2009. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic
Animals, Text book and Colour Atlas. Schattauer, Germany.
Recommended Books:
1. Pasquini C., T. Spurgeon, and S. Pasquini, 2007. Anatomy of Domestic
Animals – Systemic and Regional approach. Soudz, U.S.A.
2. Getty, R., S. Sisson and J. D. Grossman, 1986. The Anatomy of the
Domestic Animals. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, U.S.A.
3. Miller, M.E., 2000. Guide to the dissection of the Dog. Edwards Brothers,
Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
4. Philiph, G.D., 1988. Guide to Ruminant Anatomy Based on the Dissection
of the Goat. Iowa State University Press. Ames, U.S.A.
5. Haward, E. and D. Alexander, 2000. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog.
W.B. Saunders Co. U.S.A.
SYSTEMIC VETERINARY HISTOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY

3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Describe developmental stages of embryo and embryonic origin of
each organ.
2. Describe and identify the microscopic features of different systems of
body and their comparative histological features in domestic animals.
Theory:
Embryology: study of different developmental stages of embryo, Placentation in
domestic animals and embryonic origin of each body organ. Integumentary
System: Histology of thick and thin skin and epidermal appendages.
Cardiovascular System: Histology of Heart and all major types blood vessels.
Lymphatic System: Introduction to Lymphoid tissue and histology of Lymph
Node, Spleen, Thymus and Tonsils. Digestive System: Histology of all parts of
digestive system of Simple and Compound Stomach animals along with
accessory glands of Digestive System. Respiratory System: Histology of extra-
pulmonary and intra-pulmonary tissues of respiratory system. Urinary System:
Histology of Kidney and excretory passage of urinary system. Male
Reproductive System: Spermatogenesis. Histology of Testis, its associated
ducts, copulatory organ and male accessory glands. Female Reproductive
System: Oogenesis. Histology of Ovary, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, Cervix and
Vagina. Endocrine System: Histology of Pituitary Gland, Pineal Gland, Thyroid
and Parathyroid Glands, Adrenal Gland.
Practical:
Embryology: Different stages of Embryo. Integumentary System: Tissue
Sections of Skin and epidermal appendages. Cardiovascular System: Sections
of Heart, and arteries and veins. Lymphatic System: Tissue Sections of Lymph
node, Spleen, Thymus and Tonsils. Digestive system: Tissue Sections of Oral
30
Cavity, Esophagus, Simple stomach in horse, dog, cat and Compound Stomach
in Ruminants and small and large intestine, Accessory glands of Digestive
System. Respiratory system: Tissue Sections of Nasal Cavity, Nasal Sinus,
Naso-pharynx and Oropharynx, Larynx and Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi,
Bronchioles, Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveoli, Alveolar duct and alveolar sacs.
Urinary system: Tissue Sections of Kidney: Nephron, Juxtaglomerular
Apparatus, Collecting tubules and collecting ducts and excretory passages.
Male Reproductive System: Tissue Sections of the Testes and their associated
ducts, Penis and male accessory glands. Female Reproductive System: Tissue
Sections of the Ovary, Uterine tube and Uterus, Cervix and Vagina. Endocrine
System: Tissue Sections of Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland,
Adrenal gland and Pineal body.
Textbook:
1. Eurell, J. A., and B. L. Frappier, 2007. Dellmann’s Textbook of Veterinary
Histology, 6th Ed., Blackwell Publishing, UK.
Recommended Books:
1. Samuelson, D.A., 2007. Textbook of Veterinary Histology, Saunders
Elseviers, USA.
2. Bacha, W.J. and L.M. Bacha, 2012. Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology, 3rd
Ed., Wiley Blackwell, USA.
3. Qureshi, A. S. and M.N. Chaudhry, 2007. Illustrated Veterinary Histology,
MAS Publishers, Faisalabad.
4. McGaedy, T.A., P.J. Quinn, E.S. Fitzpatrick, and M.T. Ryan, 2006. Veterinary
Embryology, Blackwell Publishing, UK.
5. Kuehnel, W., 2003. Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology and Microscopic
Anatomy, 4th Ed., Thieme Stuttgart, New York.
6. Eroschenko, V.P., 2012. diFiore's Atlas of Histology: with Functional
Correlations, 12th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.
VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY-II 4 (3-1)

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Describe basic terminologies related to endocrinology, digestive
physiology, lactation and renal physiology.
2. Describe relationship of structure to function addressing digestive, renal,
lactation and endocrine systems.
3. Describe pathophysiology of selected disorders of digestive, renal,
lactation and endocrine systems.
Theory:
Endocrine Physiology: An overview of endocrine system, integration of
endocrine and nervous system, Classification and transport of hormones,
Hormone-cell interaction and feedback mechanisms, Pituitary Gland, its
structure, secretions and function, Thyroid gland, its physiological anatomy,
synthesis, release, functions of thyroxin and triiodothyronin, Endocrine
pancreas; role of insulin and glucagon in regulation of glucose metabolism,
31
Parathyroid gland: Physiological anatomy; synthesis, release, functions and
abnormalities of parathormone and calcitonin. Digestive Physiology:
Introduction to gastrointestinal physiology, Feeding behavior, prehension and
mastication, enteric nervous system, Physiological mechanism of deglutition,
Saliva secretion, composition and regulation, Eructation mechanism, emesis
and its control, Ruminant stomach, anatomy and physiology, concept of
functional ruminal epithelium, Esophageal groove and concepts of nutrient-by-
pass, Microbial ecosystem of digestion in ruminants, Fermentation of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats in rumen, Production and absorption of volatile
fatty acids, nitrogen in ruminants, Physiologic anatomy of simple stomach,
gastric motility, factors affecting gastric motility, Gastric secretion, composition,
regulation, factors influencing the gastric secretion, Digestion and absorption of
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, Absorption of vitamins end electrolytes, Role of
Pancreas and liver indigestion. Clinical cases like ulcer, ruminal acidosis, urea
toxicity, diarrhea; Protected nutrients and enzymes, selected antibiotics in feed,
probiotic and prebiotics. Lactation Physiology: Functional anatomy of
mammary glands, Physiology of mammogenesis, lactogenesis and
galactopoesis, Milk synthesis and secretion, Biological functions of milk, its
nutritive value, Lactation performance, physiological factors affecting lactation,
Mammary biotechnology. Renal Physiology: Anatomy and physiology of
Nephron, Urine formation, Glomerular filtration, Physiological control and auto-
regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate, Tubular Reabsorption and processing
of Glomerular Filtrate, Mechanism of tubular re-absorption and regulation,
Regulation of extra-cellular fluid osmolarity, balance of Sodium and Potassium
by Kidney, Renal absorption of bivalent ion. Renal blood flow, renal clearance,
filtration fraction, regulation of urine volume and concentration, Act of micturition
and its regulation, Introduction to acid–base Physiology, Renal mechanisms for
maintaining hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids; Regulation of acid–base
balance, Clinical correlations (acidosis, alkalosis). Clinical cases related to
Endocrine, Digestive, Lactation and Renal Physiology.
Practical:
Demonstration of location of endocrine glands in rats and rabbits, Isolation of
rat uterus and effect of oxytocin, Glucose tolerance test, Farm visits for
observations on rumination and deglutition; Salivary secretion in ruminants,
Tests for saliva of different animals, Motility of ruminant stomach, Rumen
fistula/cannulation, Biochemical experiments on bile, Determination of
composition of milk, Determination of pH and specific gravity of milk,
Determination of total solid in milk, Urinalysis.
TextbBook:
1. Cunningham, J.G. and B.G. Klein, 2007. Textbook of Veterinary
Physiology. 4th Edition. WB Saunders Company, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Dukes, H.H., M.J. Swenson and W.O. Reece (2004). Duke‟s Physiology of
Domestic Animals. 12th Edition, Comstock Publishing, USA.
2. Costanzo, L., 2008. Physiology. 4th Edition, Elsevier Publishing, USA.
32
3. Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall., 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th
Edition. WB Saunders Company, USA.
4. Barreet, K.E., S.M. Barman, S. Boitano and H.L. Brooks, 2006. Ganong’s
Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd Edition. Appleton & Lange, USA.
5. Jafri, S.A., M. Rabbani and H. Rehman, 2002. Manual of Digestive
Physiology. Muktaba-i-Danwasharian, Lahore, Pakistan.
6. Chruch D.C., 1993. The Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and
Nutrition. Waveland Press, Inc, USA.
ENGLISH-II (COMMUNICATION SKILLS) 2 (2-0)

Objectives: Enable the students to meet their real life communication needs.
Course Contents:
Paragraph writing
Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph
Essay writing
Introduction
CV and job application
Translation skills
Urdu to English
Study skills
Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading,
summary and précis writing and comprehension
Academic skills
Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet
Presentation skills
Personality development (emphasis on content, style and pronunciation)
Note: documentaries to be shown for discussion and review
Recommended Books:
Communication Skills
a) Grammar
Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press 1986. ISBN 0
19 431350 6.
b) Writing
1. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand
and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth
Impression 1993. ISBN 019 435405 7 Pages 45-53 (note taking).
33
2. Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 435406
5 (particularly good for writing memos, introduction to
presentations, descriptive and argumentative writing).
c) Reading
1. Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19 453403 0.
2. Reading and Study Skills by John Langan
3. Study Skills by Richard York.
GENERAL VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe general characteristics of bacteria, fungi and virus
2. Elaborate physico-chemical requirements for microbial growth
3. Describe preliminary identification of micro-organisms.
Theory:
Introduction of Microbiology, Definition and branches of Microbiology, Historical
introduction including works of Pasteur, Koch and Lister etc, Recent
developments in microbiology, Prokaryotes v/s Eukaryotes, Growth medium,
types of culture media, preparation of the medium in the lab, Bacterial growth
and multiplication, Bacterial multiplication and growth curve, continuous culture,
Physico-chemical requirements (pH, temperature and oxidation reduction
potential), Physico-chemical requirements (gaseous and nutritional
requirements), Bacterial genetics: Mutation and mutagenesis, Transposons,
Plasmid in mutation and mutagenesis, Conjugation, Transformation,
Transduction, Lysogeny, Introduction to genetic engineering, antibacterials,
Introduction to fungi: Molds and yeasts, Growth requirements and mode of
replication of molds and yeasts, Isolation and identification of molds and yeasts,
Classification of molds and yeasts, Clinical diagnosis of different fungal
diseases, antifungal drugs, Fundamental characteristics of viruses (Definition
and history of virology), General properties of viruses, viroids and prions,
Bacteriophages and its typing, Methods of studying viruses; Purification of
viruses and determination of virus size, Virus classification, Virus replication:
Adsorption-receptor/ligand, entry mechanisms, uncoating, biosynthesis of virus
components, Virus transcription, translation, assembly and release, Replication
of RNA and DNA viruses and their comparison analysis, Replication of
Retroviruses and defective viruses, Properties of animal viruses at cellular levels
(infection of cell with multiple viruses), Recombination , Exaltation, dormancy
and reactivation, Interference, Mechanisms of interference, Interferon
(Properties, types, mode of action, biological significance, antibodies vs
interferon), Haemadsorption and elution, Viral vaccines and factor affecting
success/ failure of viral vaccines, Physico-chemical characteristics of viruses,
antiviral agents, Methods for isolation and identification of viruses, algae.
34
Practical:
Safety in microbiological laboratory, study of principles and application of
laboratory equipment, Microscope and microscopy (bright field; dark field;
Phase contrast; fluorescent microscopes, Sterilization (moist heat, dry heat,
irradiation, filtration), Disinfectants and their efficacy evaluation (how to
calculate phenol coefficient against a bacteria), Preparation and demonstration
of various bacteriological media (general and selective, Differential and
Enrichment media. Demonstration of staining techniques (negative, simple and
Gram’s staining), Zeihl-Neelsen and spore staining techniques. Methods of
bacterial cultivation and growth measurement, Identification of bacterial
characteristics (colony, morphology, shape and arrangement), Biochemical
tests, Sugar fermentation tests, Micrometry and motility, Antibiotic susceptibility
testing, Isolation and identification of common fungi and molds, Purification of
viruses (ultracentrifugation; precipitation and ultra-filtration), Cultivation of
viruses (animal inoculation, egg inoculation), isolation and enumeration of
bacteriophages from sewerage water and calculation of antiviral activity of
disinfectants against a virus, Cell culture preparation, Demonstration of
cytopathic effects (CPE), Virus identification methods (electron microscopy
through simulation and images, serology, precipitation test, virus neutralization
test etc.). Virus titration (determination of EID50, LD50 and TCID50), cultivation
and identification of algae.
Textbook:
1. Tortora, G.J.,B.R. Funke and C.L. Case, 2012. Microbiology: An Introduction.
11th Edition. Benjamin Cummings Publisher.
Recommended Books:
1. Quinn, P.J., M.E. Carter, B.K. Markie and G.R. Carter, 1994. Clinical
Veterinary Microbiology. Wolf, London. (As practical manual)
2. Anonymous, 1999. A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification
of avian pathogens. 6th Ed. American Association of Avian pathologists,
Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
3. Burleson, F.G., T.M. Chanbes and D.I. Wiedranks, 1992. Virology-A
laboratory Manual Academic Press, London
4. Castro, A.E. and W.F. Henschele, 1992. Veterinary Diagnostic Virology.
Mosby yearbook, Inc., Baltimore.
5. Fenner, F.J., E.P. Gibbs, F.A. Murphy, M.J. Studdert and D.O. White,
1993. Veterinary Virology 2nd Ed., Academic Press London.
6. Merchant, I.A. and R.A. Packer, 1984. Veterinary Bacteriology and
Virology. 7th Ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
7. OIE, 2014. Manual of Standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines. Off.
Intl. Des. Epiz., Paris.
8. Rabbani, M. and M.A. Muneer, 2001. Techniques in Virology. 1st Ed.,
UVAS Press, Lahore
9. Talaro, K. and A. Talaro, 1996. Foundation in Microbiology. 2nd Ed., Win
C. Brown Publ., owa.
10. Virella, G., 1997. Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 3rd Ed., Williams
and Wilkins, Baltimore.
35
INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY PRODUCTION 1(1-0)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe various production systems and housing-types in poultry
production.
2. Describe strategies to benefit rural poultry producers, hobby
farmers/fanciers.
3. Provide technical guidance about organic farming, non-traditional poultry
and companion birds.
4. Describe methods of disease prevention and their importance in poultry
production.
Theory:
Overview of Poultry Industry; Production Systems for broiler and laying hens;
Introduction to village and backyard poultry production; Alternative systems of
poultry production and its effects on health and disease; Organic and free-range
poultry production; Technology and programs for sustainable improvement of
rural poultry; Production systems for Waterfowl; Game bird breeding, brooding
and rearing - Health and Welfare; Furnished cages for laying hens;
Performance, welfare, health and hygiene of laying hens in non-cage systems
in comparison with cage systems; Turkey production and management;
Alternative systems for meat chickens and turkeys: Quail production;
Commercial duck farming; Ostrich farming; Production and management of
companion and fancy birds.
Textbook:
1. Sandiland, V. and P. Hocking, 2012. Alternative systems for poultry: health,
welfare, and productivity. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.
Recommended Books:
1. Sreenivasaiah, P.V., 2006. Scientific Poultry Production. 3rd edition.
International Book Distributing Co., UP India.
2. Austic and Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production.13th edition. Lea and
Febiger, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
FUNDAMENTALS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 2 (1-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Define and describe Taxonomy and domestication of farm animals
2. Identify types and breeds of farm animals.
3. Describe principles of farm animal housing, feeding and behavioral
management.
4. Elaborate equitation, welfare, transportation and marketing of animals.
36
Theory:
Role of livestock in national economy; Domestication and taxonomy of farm
animals; Types and breeds of farm animals; Identification and handling of
livestock; Principles of farm animal management; Farm structures and
equipment; Management of different types and classes of farm animals;
Characteristics, body conformation and capacity of draught animals; Camel as
a dairy, meat and draught animal; Farm animal vices and their control;
Deworming and vaccination schedule and biosecurity for various farm animals,
Principles of equitation; Welfare of farm animals; Transportation and marketing.
Practical:
Regions and body points of farm animals; Approaching, handling and restraining
of animals; Identification and use of management tools; Grooming and cleaning;
Animal identification and transportation systems; Body measurements for
weight estimation; Maintenance of various farm records; Design and layout
plans for livestock building; Demonstration of body conformation and defects;
Determining age; Marking camel and horses; Care of foot; Use and care of
harness and saddles; Equitation practices.
Textbook:
1. Banerjee, G.C., 2009. A textbook of Animal Husbandry. 8th Edition. Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi, India.
Recommended Books:
1. Verma D.N., 2006. A Textbook of Livestock Production Management in
Tropics. Kalyani Publishers Delhi India.
2. Mackintosh, J.B., 1993. Sheep production in Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council, Islamabad.
3. Kacker, R.N. and B.S. Panwar, 1996. Textbook of Equine Husbandry.
Vikas Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Wilson, R.T.. 1998. Camels. Mc Millan Education London.
5. Khan, B.B., M. Yaqoob, M. Riaz, M. Younas and A Iqbal, 2004. Livestock
Management Manual for Introductory Courses. Dept. of Livestock
Management University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
PAKISTAN STUDIES 1 (1-0)

Introduction/Objectives
 Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics,
contemporary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan.
 Study the process of governance, national development, issues arising in
the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan.
Course Outline
1. Historical Perspective
a. Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,
Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
b. Factors leading to Muslim separatism
37
c. People and Land
i. Indus Civilization
ii. Muslim advent
iii. Location and geo-physical features.
2. Government and Politics in Pakistan
Political and constitutional phases:
a. 1947-58
b. 1958-71
c. 1971-77
d. 1977-88
e. 1988-99
f. 1999 onward
3. Contemporary Pakistan
a. Economic institutions and issues
b. Society and social structure
c. Ethnicity
d. Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
e. Futuristic outlook of Pakistan
Recommended Books:
1. Burki, Shahid Javed. State & Society in Pakistan, The MacMillan Press Ltd
1980.
2. Akbar, S. Zaidi. Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 2000.
3. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistan’s Foreign policy: An Historical
analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore, 1994.
5. Wilcox, Wayne. The Emergence of Bangladesh, Washington: American
Enterprise, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972.
6. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e-
Islamia, Club Road, nd.
7. Amin, Tahir. Ethno - National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad: Institute
of Policy Studies, Islamabad.
8. Ziring, Lawrence. Enigma of Political Development. Kent England: Wm
Dawson & sons Ltd, 1980.
9. Zahid, Ansar. History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book Company,
1980.
10. Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III. Islamabad:
National Institute of Historical and cultural Research, 1998.
11. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1967.
12. Aziz, K. K. Party, Politics in Pakistan, Islamabad: National Commission on
Historical and Cultural Research, 1976.
13. Muhammad Waseem, Pakistan Under Martial Law, Lahore: Vanguard,
1987.
14. Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Military Perspective. Islamabad:
National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1993.
38
SEMESTER III
PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Define and explain terminology used in the animal nutrition
2. Describe major nutrient classes, feed classification, processing, and
preservation procedures
3. Elaborate relationship between dietary classification of animals and
digestive processes in GIT
4. Perform proximate analysis and describe its applications in animal
nutrition.
Theory:
A brief history and scope of animal nutrition. Comparative digestive anatomy
and physiology of ruminants and non-ruminants. Pre-gastric and Post-gastric
digestion and absorption of major nutrients. Rumen ecology. Regulation of feed
intake in non-ruminants and ruminants. Classification and functions of nutrients.
Importance of water in the animal bodies its sources, requirements and losses.
Carbohydrates nutrition: Structure classification, digestion and metabolism.
Volatile fatty acids (VFA): production, absorption and metabolism in ruminants.
Lipids: classification, structure, digestion and metabolism. Protein and amino
acid: classification, structure digestion and metabolism. Introduction to mineral
and vitamins in animal nutrition.
Practical:
Identification of feed stuffs and their nutritional composition. Sampling
techniques for feed ingredients and forages. Processing of samples for chemical
analyses. Proximate analysis: dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether
extract (EE) and crude fiber (CF) determination. Sample preparation for mineral
analysis.
Textbook:
1. Pond, W.G., D.C. Church and K.R. Pond, 2006. Basic Animal Nutrition
and Feeding. 5th Ed. John Willey and Sons, New York, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh, C.A. Morgan, L, Sinclair
and R. Wilkinson, 2011. Animal Nutrition. 7th ed. Benjamin Cummings, USA.
2. Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullision and R.S. Lowery, 2008. Feeds and Feeding.6th
Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
3. Banerjee, G.C., 2005. Feeds and Principles of Animal Nutrition. Oxford, IBH
Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
4. Sarwar, M. and Zia-ul-Hasan, 2000. Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants.
University of Agriculture Press, Faisalabad.
5. A.O.A.C., 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists. Vol 2, 17th Ed. Arlington, VA. USA.
39
GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY 4 (3-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe transport mechanisms, classification, formulation and routes of
administration of drugs
2. Describe pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs of veterinary
importance.
3. Describe drugs acting on body systems and mucous membranes.
4. Demonstrate preparation of pharmaceutical preparations and effects of
various drugs in vivo and in vitro.
Theory:
General Pharmacology: Introduction to Pharmacology, historical perspectives
and definitions, drug sources , classification of drugs, nomenclature of drugs
and drugs information sources, drug development and drug regulations,
pharmacokinetic principles and application, transport of drugs across cell
membranes and absorption of drugs, distribution of drugs, metabolism of drugs,
elimination of drugs, pharmaco dynamic concepts of drugs and receptors,
structure activity relationship and receptor theories, dose-response relationship,
graded dose response, quantal dose response, therapeutic index, adverse drug
reactions and drug resistance/tolerance, factors modifying the drug effects and
drug interactions. Systemic Pharmacology: Pharmacology of Autonomic
Nervous System: Cholinergic and anticholinergic, adrenergic and
antiadrenergic, neuromuscular blocking agents and ganglionic blocking agents,
pharmacology of central nervous system: Anaesthetics and pre-anaesthetic
medication, analgasics. narcotic analgasics, anti-inflamatory drugs, local
anaesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers, central nervous system
stimulants, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, autacoids, drugs affecting
digestive system (simple stomach and ruminants), drugs affecting respiratory
system, drugs affecting cardiovascular system, drugs affecting uro-genital
system, electrolytes, endocrine pharmacology, drugs for skin and mucous
membranes, comparative pharmacology, drugs acting on immune system,
nutraceuticals.
Practical:
Weights and measures, prescription writing and pharmaceutical calculations,
formulations; external and internal dosage forms, techniques of drug
administration in animals and identification of various drugs, preparation of
ointments, preparation of solutions, preparation of tinctures, collection of blood
in common laboratory animals, anesthesia and euthanasia, demonstration of
techniques of volatile and intravenous anesthetics, general anesthetics and
preanaesthetic medication, effect of drugs on isolated heart of rabbits or guinea
pigs, effect of drugs on isolated intestine of rabbits or guinea pigs, effect of drugs
on intestinal motility on isolated tissue bath, effect of autonomic drugs on eyes
of rabbits, preparation of stomach powder for ruminants, preparation of saline
electuary for ruminants, demonstration of diuretic and antidiuretic drugs action
40
in animals, demonstration of analgesic activity and local anaesthetic effect of
drugs in laboratory animals, visit to pharmaceutical industry.
Textbook:
1. Riviere J.E. and M.G. Papich, 2009. Veterinary Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, 9th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
Recommended Books:
1. Akhtar, M.S., 2004. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology &
Therapeutics. 3rd Ed. Agri. Livestock Bureau Pakistan, Faisalabad.
2. Sandhu, H.S., 2013. Essentials of Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
2nd Ed. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
3. Hardman, J.G. and L.E. Limbird, 2005. Goodman and Gillman
Pharmacology Basis of therapeutics, 11th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
4. Clark, M.A., 2001. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology. 5th
Edition. Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
5. Katzung, B.G., 2012. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 12th Ed., McGraw-
Hill, New York, USA.
6. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2010. 10th edition. Merck & Co., INC. White
House Station, N. J., USA
7. Sandhu, H.S., 1999. Laboratory Manual on Veterinary Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
GENERAL VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Define and explain terminology used in Pathology
2. Differentiate between normal, artifacts and pathological structures
3. Define and describe Pathogenesis and Pathophysiological processes.
Theory:
Introduction to Pathology, Terminology used in pathology, adaptations, atrophy,
hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, aplasia, reversible and irreversible cell
injury, cell death, necrosis, disturbances of mineral metabolism and
pigmentation, disturbances of circulation, Inflammation, repair and healing of
wounds and fractures, neoplasia; causes, pathogenesis, classification, auto-
immunity, molecular pathology.
Practical:
Tissue sampling, preservation, processing and staining techniques: Sudan,
Periodic Acid Schiff, MT etc. Demonstration of general, gross and microscopic
picture of reversible and irreversible cell injury, atrophy, hypertrophy,
hyperplasia, dysplasia. Calcification, melanosis, Disturbances of circulation:
congestion, hyperemia, edema, Inflammation: acute and chronic, granulation
tissue, Neoplasia: epithelial, connective tissue, bone, skin tumors.
Textbook:
1. Zachary, J.F., and McGavin, 2013. Pathological basis of Veterinary Disease,
5th Ed., Elsevier, USA.
41
Recommended Books:
1. Macfarlane P.S., R. Reid and R. Callander, 2011. Pathology Illustrated, 7th
Ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK.
2. Slauson, D.O. and B.J. Cooper, 2002. Mechanisms of Disease: A textbook
of Comparative General Pathology. 3rd Ed. Mosby Inc, A Harcourt Sciences
Company, St Lousi MO 63146.
GENERAL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AND

PROTOZOOLOGY 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe the nomenclature used in parasitology and classify parasites
2. Describe life cycle, pathogenesis and control of protozoan diseases
3. Collect and process biological samples and parasite specimens for
identification / diagnosis.
Theory:
Introduction to parasitology, effects of parasites on their hosts and their
economic importance; Basic terminology, Host parasite relationship, Types of
parasitism, Organ specificity, Ecology of parasites, types of hosts, modes of
infection of parasites, nomenclature and classification of parasites, parasitic
zoonosis, immunity against parasites; General concepts on Parasite control
strategies. Introduction to protozoology; history and differences from other
unicellular organisms; Anatomy and physiology of protozoa; classification,
morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and control of the
important species of the following genera of protozoa:
Trypanosoma/Leishmania, Trichomonas and Histomonas, Entamoeba, Giardia,
Balantidium, Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Plasmodium,
Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoan, Hepatozoan, Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma,
Cryptosporidium, Ehrlichia, Eperythrozoan and Neospora; Immunity against
protozoan parasites.
Practical:
Introduction to laboratory ethics; qualitative and quantitative faecal
examinations, Interpretation of faecal oocyst / egg count; methods of blood
examination; quality control for blood examination and pseudoparasites;
examination of urine, genital discharges, sputum and cerebrospinal fluid for
protozoa; mounting of protozoa; culturing of protozoa; morphological
examination of intestinal protozoa, Identification of different protozoa (included
in theory course) from field isolates and specimen slides.
Textbook:
1. Schmidt G.D. and L.S. Roberts, 2013. Foundations of Parasitology. 9th
Edition, W.C.B. Company, U.K.
Recommended Books:
1. Akhtar, M., M.A. Hafeez and C.S. Hayat, 2003. General Parasitology and
Protozoology. The Elite Scientific Publications, Faisalabad-Pakistan.
42
Bowman D. D. (2013): Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians. 10th Ed.
Saunders Elsevier.
2. Urquhart G.M., J. Armour, J.L. Duncan, A.M. Dunn, F.W. Jennings, 2000.
Veterinary Parasitology. Longman Scientific and Technical, U.K.
3. Foreyt, W.J., 2001. Veterinary Parasitology, Reference Manual Iowa State
Press, Blackwell Publishing Company.
4. Zajac A.M. and G.A. Conboy, 2006. Veterinary Clinical Parasitology 7th
Edition. Blackwell Publishing AAVP.
5. Iqbal, Z., M.S. Sajid, A. Jabbar, R.Z. Abbas and M.N. Khan, 2006.
Techniques in Parasitology. Higher Education Commission, Islamabad-
Pakistan.
6. Hayat, C.S. and M. Akhtar. 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis. University Grants
Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY 2 (1-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Define and describe concepts of immunity
2. Describe immunogens, their properties and nature of vaccines
3. Elaborate immunogenesis or fate of vaccine material in the host
4. Describe and differentiate between immunoglobulins
5. Describe control of microbial infections through immunity
6. Describe vaccine reactions
7. Apply immunotherapy in field viral diseases.
Theory:
Definition, immunity and types of immunity, Innate (non specific) immunity,
active and passive immunity, natural and artificial immunity, cell mediated and
humoral immunity, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity etc. Non-specific resistance
and natural barriers of defense such as sweat sebaceous, skin, mucus
membranes, saliva, secretions, phagocytic cells, complement, inflammation,
fever, Phagocytosis, (mechanism of phagocytosis and microbicidal activity,
evasion of phagocytosis and bactericidal activity, survival of bacteria in
macrophages, Immune response: Primary response, booster or secondary
response, differences between the both, Immune system: primary lymphoid
organs such as bursa of Fabricius and thymus, secondary lymphoid organs such
as spleen, lymph nodes, MALT or GALT. Cells of the immune system (birds and
animals): B and T lymphocytes, Immunocytes, types of lymphocytes, Th
lymphocytes or Th cells, B lymphocytes/ B cells, natural killer cells. Vaccines,
types of vaccines, antigens/immunogens: Essential features of antigens/
immunogen, antigenic epitopes, adjuvant, HACCP, SOP, protocols, BMR,
labels, vaccine, types of vaccines, cold chain, routes of vaccination,
Immunogenesis: Antigen processing cells for exogenous and endogenous
antigens, Immunogenesis: Fate of foreign antigen/immunogen/vaccine material
within the body, presentation of T cell independent antigens and processing of
T cell dependent antigens, Immunoglobulins: structure, chemical nature,
43
classification, and antibody specificity, functions, Humoral immunity:
Agglutination, precipitation, CFT), Humoral immunity: ELISA, FAT, VN), Cell
mediated immunity (potency/efficacy, MTT assay, thymidine up-take assay,
cytokine assay. Immunotherapy and its applications in viral diseases,
Hypersensitivity and its types, Hypersensitivity type I, Hypersensitivity type II,
Hypersensitivity type III and Hypersensitivity type IV
Practical:
Microscopic examination of mammalian blood cells, Demonstration of organs of
immune system, Preparation of HA antigen/bacterial antigen/RBC, Raising
antiserum against sheep RBC, calculation of sub-agglutinating titer,
sensitization of RBCs, Collection of guinea pig or human serum, its complement
titration, mixing of blood from different blood groups, Complement fixation test,
HA and Hi test demonstration, Calculation of GMT of CFT, HI, bacterial
agglutination and precipitation tests and demonstration of results, Bacterial
agglutination test, AGPT: Gel preparation and punching of wells, charging of
samples, AGPT: Demonstration of results, ELISA test against any virus disease,
Skin sensitivity tests (tuberculin test or mallein test), Virus neutralization test
(NDV) in chicken embryos, Fluorescent microscopy (Rabies detection),
Immunotherapy: treatment of NDV, study tour to Research Institutes / Vaccine
Production Unit.
Textbook:
1. Tizzard, I. R., 2013. Veterinary Immunology -An Introduction, 6th Ed. W. B.
Saunders Co., London.
Recommended Books:
1. Abbas, A. K., H. L. Andrew and S. P. Jordan, 2008. Cellular and Molecular
Immunology. W. B. Saunders Co., London.
2. Kuby, J., 1996. Immunology. 2nd Edi. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
3. Quinn, P. J., 2012. Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease. 1st Edi.
Blackwell Science Ltd., USA.
of avian pathogens. 6th Ed. American Association of Avian pathologists,
5. Hay F. C. and O. M.R. Westwood, 2002. Practical Immunology, Blackwell
Science, 4th Edition.
ANTHROPOLOGY 1 (1-0)
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
1- Define and identify basic concepts of anthropology
2- Explain Pakistani society and culture
3- Differentiate between various social setups and subcultures
4- Describe the contribution of women and children to rural
development.
44
Theory:
Anthropology and its basic concepts; society; culture and subcultures; norms,
values; socio-cultural processes; social groups; human behaviour; socialisation
and personality; social institutions, marriage and family systems; village life and
status of farmers in society; social stratification; social change and factors
affecting change process; role of women and children in rural development;
global social problems.
Textbook:
1. Ember, C.R. and M. Ember, 2011. Cultural Anthropology. 13th edition.
Pearson, Printice Hall, USA.
Recommended Books:
1- Iqbal, C.M., 2002. Sociology. Aziz Publications. Lahore
2- Singh, M., 2007. Rural Sociology. Anmol Publications. New Delhi. India
3- Giddens A., 2006. Sociology. 5th Edition. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK
2 (1-1)
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe the structure, function and types of RNA and DNA
2. Describe the process of manipulation in genome, replication and
transcription mechanisms
3. Describe the genomic libraries
4. Describe / Perform protein analysis, DNA and RNA extraction, run the
PCR, electrophoresis and detection of bands on gel
Theory:
Introduction to Molecular Biology, RNA, DNA, Genes and chromosomes,
Structure of DNA, Replication of DNA, Expression of genetic information,
Endoribonucleases, Ligases, Principle of polymerase chain reaction, Principles
of primer designing for PCR, DNA sequencing: principle and methods,
Introducing mutations in DNA, Site directed mutagenesis in a given gene,
Vectors and their uses in molecular biology, Modifications of phage vectors and
their uses, DNA modification enzymes, adaptors and their uses, Regulation of
gene expression, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Genetically
modified organisms/animals.
Practical:
Good lab practices, Genomic DNA extraction from eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells, Plasmid DNA extraction, RNA extraction, Protein estimation, SDS-PAGE,
Staining of gel and its documentation, Estimation of nucleic acids, Western
Blotting, Southern Blotting, Northern Blotting and their result interpretation,
Reverse Transcriptase of RNA, PCR, Use of computers for DNA and protein
sequence data from world wide web (Bioinformatics).
45
Text book:
1. Gupta, P.K., 2014. Elements of Biotechnology, 2nd edition. Rastogi
Publications, India.
Recommended Book:
1. Green, M.R., J. Samrook, 2012. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual,
4th Edition (3 volume set). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
LAB AND ZOO ANIMAL MANAGEMENT 1 (0-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Construct/ establish laboratory and zoo animal housing facilities
2. Deal with the day to day management issues
3. Note the behavioral aspects and assessing the health status and stress
issues
4. Determine the nutritional requirements of various laboratory and zoo
animals
5. Handle various lab and zoo animals
6. Demonstrate techniques of capturing animals in the field
Practical:
Lab Animals: Introduction to lab animals, Lab animals’ facilities designs,
management issues in lab animals, Record keeping procedures, Daily feeding,
husbandry and management practices, Handling of various lab animals,
Common infections in laboratory animals, Conduction of minor procedures like
anesthesia of laboratory animals, management of pain, distress and lasting
harm, Observations on behavioral aspects in lab animals. Zoo Animals:
Introduction to lab animals, Importance of zoos in conservation, Calculations on
economics of zoo animals, Feeding requirements, husbandry practices and
management issues, Record keeping procedures and tagging, Enclosure
designs, dimensions and housing requirements of various mammalian and
avian species in zoos, visit of museums to observe stuffed animals,
Netting/trapping techniques for various animals in the field.
Text Books:
1. Cheeran J.V., 2008. Textbook of Wild And Zoo Animals: Care And
Management. 2nd Revised Edition Textbook Student Edition.
2. Pool, T.B., 1989. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of
Laboratory Animals. Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers,
England. UK.
Recommended Books:
1. Clark. J. D., K. A. Baldwin, M.J. Bayne, G.F. Brown, J.C. Gebhart, J.K.
Gonder, M.E. Gwathmey, D.F. Keeling, J.W. Kohn, O.A. Robb and W.J.
Smith White, 1996. Guide for the Care and Management of Laboratory
Animals. National Research Council, National Academic Press,
Washington, D. C. 6th edition.
46
2. Mathialagan P., 2007. Textbook of Animal Husbandry and Livestock
Extension. 3rd Revised and Enlarged Edition Textbook Library Edition.
International Book Distributing Company.
3. Hosey, G.,M. Vicky and S. Pankhurst, 2013. Zoo Animals: Behaviour,
Management, and Welfare Oxford University Press, 696 pp.
4. Rees, P.A., 2011. An Introduction to Zoo Biology and Management, John
Wiley & Sons, 432 pp.
5. Kleiman, D.G., K.V. Thompson and C.K. Baer, 2010. Wild Mammals in
Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management, 2nd Edition,
University of Chicago Press.
6. Miller, E. and E. Murray, 2011. Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine
Current Therapy, Elsevier Health Sciences.
SEMESTER IV
LIVESTOCK FEED RESOURCES AND FORAGE
CONSERVATION 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Enlist feed resources and describe their classification.
2. Explain nutrient profile of feed resources and their role in ruminant
ration.
3. Describe different techniques of forage preservation
4. Describe efficient way of roughage utilization
5. Elaborate ruminant digestive physiology and metabolism
6. Calculate nutrient balance and formulate rations for ruminants
7. Describe emerging trends in ruminant nutrition and their practical
implications
Theory:
Classification and nutritional composition of feed stuffs for ruminants: fodders,
forages, dry roughages and concentrate feed stuffs. Anti-nutritional factors in
feed stuffs for ruminants. Improvement of nutritional quality of low quality
roughages. Forage production systems in Pakistan and their implications. Lean
periods in forage production and methods to overcome shortage in lean period.
Strategies and techniques to improve the nutritional quality of low quality
roughages. Conservation of forages for commercial livestock production
operations; silage and hay making. Ruminant nutrition: calf nutrition, heifer
nutrition, dairy nutrition, meat animal nutrition. Feeding systems for commercial
dairy, TMR feeding. Feed Additives and performance modifiers for ruminants.
Nutritional and metabolic disorders.
Practical:
Identification of fodders and forages used in conventional and commercial
ruminant production systems. Hay and silage preparation. Physical and
chemical evaluation of hay and silage samples; laboratory analysis of fodders
47
and forages (DM, NPN, NDF, ADF, Cellulose, lignin, acid insoluble ash).
Interpretation of laboratory analysis report and its implementation. Calculation
of nutrient balance. Feed formulation: Pearson square method, trial and error
method, MS Excel based feed formulation. Least cost feed formulation by using
computer software. Visit to commercial livestock enterprise.
Textbook:
1. Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullison and R.S. Lowery, 1999. Feeds and Feeding, 5th
Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Ensminger, M. E., J.E. Old Field and W. W. Heinemann, 1990. Feeds and
Nutrition Digestion. The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, California, USA.
2. Pond, W.G., D.C. Church and K.R. Pond, 2006. Basic Animal Nutrition
and Feeding. 5th Ed. John Willey and Sons, New York, USA.
3. Preston, T.R. and R.A. Leng, 1987. Matching Ruminants Production
Systems with Available Feed Resources in the Tropics and Subtropics.
Penambul Books, Armidale, Australia.
4. Renard, C., 1997. Crop Residues in “Sustainable Mixed Crop/ Livestock
Farming Systems. CAB International, UK.
5. Dennis, J. M., 1990. Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press Inc,
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, USA.
6. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Edition.
National Academy Press, Washington, USA.
7. NRC. 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. 6th Revised Edition. National
Academy Press, Washington, USA.
8. Van Soest P.J., 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Cornell University
Pr, Ithaca, New York.
9. Lander, P.E., 2001. The Feeding of Farm Animals in India. Biotech Books,
New Delhi, India
10. A.O.A.C., 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists. Vol 2, 17th Ed. Arlington, VA.
VETERINARY CHEMOTHERAPY AND TOXICOLOGY 4 (3-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Define chemotherapy.
2. Describe the classes of antimicrobial agents, their resistance and
tissue residual problems.
3. Define toxicology and describe sources of poisoning, toxicokinetics,
toxicodynamics, heavy metals, household and environmental
toxicants.
4. Describe the handling of cases of toxicity, mycotoxins, poisonous
plants, poisonous animals and toxicity of therapeutic agents.
5. Describe the calculations in toxicology, sample collection, laboratory
diagnostic procedures, detection of metals, non-metals and
antimicrobials in the samples and in vivo and in vitro experimentation.
48
Theory:
Chemotherapy: Introduction and general consideration of chemotherapy and
definitions, principles of chemotherapy and classification of chemotherapeutic
agents, antimicrobial drug resistance and tissue residue problem, antimicrobial
agents: cell wall synthesis inhibitors, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines,
amphenicols (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol), macrolide antibiotics
and lincosamides, fluroquinolones, sulphonamides and dihydropyrimidines,
miscellaneous antimicrobial agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal drugs,
anthelmintics, drugs against ectoparasites, antiseptics and disinfectants,
antiviral agents, anticancer drugs. Toxicology: General concepts, scope and
terminology, sources of toxicity, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, factors affecting
toxicosis, diagnosis of poisoning, handling of cases of toxicology, heavy metal
toxicosis, house hold toxicosis, pesticides (insecticides, fungicides etc.), urea
toxicity, cyanide poisoning, nitrate/nitrite poisoning, mycotoxins, poisonous
plants, poisonous animals, environmental pollutants, toxicity caused by feed
additives, radiation hazards and toxicity, toxicology of therapeutic agents.
Practical:
Toxicological terms, calculations in toxicology, collection of samples for
laboratory analysis, laboratory diagnostic procedures, experiment for
identification of chemical poisons, experiment for the detection of heavy metals,
experiment for detection of barbiturates from given sample, experiment for
detection of chloral hydrate from given sample, experiment to study the toxicity
of cyanide in rat, live animal swab test and swab test on premises, the antibiotic
culture sensitivity testing, experiment to study the toxicity of organophosphate
insecticide in rat, experiment for estimation of sulphonamides in sample,
experiment for estimation of oxytetracycline in sample, experiment for
determination of LD50 of a given drug. Visit to Pharmaceutical Industry.
Textbook:
1. Riviere J.E. and M.G. Papich, 2009. Veterinary Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, 9th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
Recommended Books:
1. Akhtar, M.S., 2004. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology &
Therapeutics. 3rd Ed. Agri. Livestock Bureau Pakistan, Faisalabad.
2. Sandhu, H.S., 2013. Essentials of Veterinary Pharmacology &
Therapeutics. 2nd Ed. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
3. Hardman, J.G. and L.E. Limbird, 2005. Goodman and Gillman
Pharmacology Basis of therapeutics, 11th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,
USA.
4. Clark, M.A., 2001. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology. 5th
Edition. Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
5. Katzung, B.G., 2012. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 12th Ed., McGraw-
Hill, New York, USA.
6. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2010. 10th edition. Merck & Co., INC. White
House Station, N. J., USA
7. Sandhu, H.S., 1999. Laboratory Manual on Veterinary Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
49
8. Osweiler, G. D., 1996. Toxicology. Williams and Wilkins, Philadephia, USA.
9. Stine, K.E. and T.M. Brown, 2006. Principles of Toxicology, 2nd edition.
Taylor and Francis. USA.
10. Sandhu, H.S. and R. S. Brar, 2000. Textbook of Veterinary Toxicology, 2nd
Ed. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe normally existing bacterial /fungal species
2. Identify factors responsible for disease production
3. Elaborate source of samples, cultural characters including biochemical
reactions, Microscope and microscopy
4. Provide description for animal inoculation, serodiagnosis, treatmentand
Immunoprophylaxis of common bacterial diseases prevailing in Pakistan
Theory:
General sketch of exclusion studies for diagnosis of bacterial diseases of
veterinary importance including Staphylococcus spp. (Mastitis), Streptococcus
spp. (Mastitis, Strangles), Escherichia spp. (Colibacillosis), Salmonella spp.
(Pulloram, Fowl typhoid, Salmonellosis: livestock), Pasteurella spp.
(Haemorrhagic septicaemia), Pasteurella spp. (Shipping fever), Brucella spp.
(Brucellosis), Pseudomonas spp. (Pyogenic infections), Burkhulderia spp.
(Glanders), Listeria spp. (Listeriosis), Bacillus spp. (Anthrax), Neurotoxic
Clostridium spp. (Tetanus), Histotoxic Clostridiumspp. (Black quarter),
Enterotoxic Clostridium spp. (Enterotoxaemia), Corynebacterium spp.
(Lymphadenitis, Mastitis), Mycobacterium spp. (Bovine tuberculosis),
Actinobacillus spp. (Wooden tongue), Actinomyces spp. (Lumpy jaw), Nocardia
spp. (Nocardiosis), Leptospira spp. (Leptospirosis), Borellia/ Treponema spp.
(Tick fever), Compylobacter spp. (Campylobacter infections), Mycoplasma spp.
(CCPP, CBPP), Mycoplasma spp. (Avian mycoplasmosis: CRD), Aspergillus
spp. (Brooding pneumonia- poultry), Opportunistic fungi (Thrush, Mastitis),
Trichophyton spp. (Dermatophytosis), Microsporum spp. (Dermatophytosis),
Dimorphic fungi (Systemic mycoses), Mycotoxins, and Mycotoxicosis.
Practical:
Collection, transportation and processing of samples for bacterial isolation and
identification, Staphylococcus species (coagulase tests), Streptococcus species
(CAMP test, catalse), E. coli, (IMVIC), Salmonella spp, (bacterial agglutination
tests SAT), Bacillus species, (Ascoli test), Pasteurella species, (animal
inoculation test), Mycobacterium species, (Tuberculin test), Clostridium spp,
(Nagler reaction, Stormy fermentation), Mycoplasma spp, (SAT, ELISA),
Burkholderia species (Mallein tests), Quality control of bacterial vaccines,
Monitoring of vaccinated animals, CFT test for Glanders, Serodiagnosis (AGPT,
FAT), isolation and identification of fungal contaminants.
50
Textbook:
Veterinary Microbiology. Wolf, London.
Recommended Books:
1. Cottral, G. E., 1978. Manual of Standardized Methods for Veterinary
Microbiology, Comstock Publishing Associates: A Division of Cornell
University Press, Ithaca and London, UK.
2. Merchant, I.A. and R.A. Packer, 1984. Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology.
7th Ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. .
3. OIE, 2000. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Off. Intl.
Des. Epiz., Paris. France
4. Buxton and Fraser, 1977. Animal Microbiology, Volume 1, Black Well
Scientific, Publications Limited
5. Seeley, Vandemark and Lee, 1991. Microbes in Action: A laboratory manual
of Microbiology, 4th edition, WH Freeman and Co. New York, USA
6. Talaro, K. and A. Talaro, 1996. Foundation in Microbiology. 2nd Ed., Win C.
Brown Publ., owa.
7. Virella, G., 1997. Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 3rd Ed., Williams and
Wilkins, Baltimore.
SYSTEMIC VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
At the end of this course the students will be able to:
1. Describe mechanism of disease development in various body systems
of the animals.
2. Conduct the postmortem examination of small and large animals and
interpret the findings.
3. Recognize and quantify gross and histopathological lesions in different
diseases.
4. Co-relate the lesions with disease conditions.
Theory:
Pathology of important diseases of body systems: digestive, urinary, respiratory,
circulatory, lymphatic, reproductive, nervous, musculo-skeletal, skin &
appendages and sense organs. Pathology of metabolic diseases and nutritional
deficiencies.
Practical:
Postmortem examination of small and large animals. Demonstration of
histopathological slides of various systems. Visits to abattoirs and examination
of different pathological conditions.
Textbook:
1. Zachary, J.F., and McGavin, 2013. Pathological basis of Veterinary Disease,
5th Ed., Elsevier, USA.
51
Recommended Books:
1. Jubb, K.V.F., P.C. Kennedy and N. Palmer, 2007. Pathology of Domestic
Animals, 5th Ed., Academic Press Inc. San Diego, California, USA (3 vol. set).
2. Andrews, J.J. (Ed), 1986. Necropsy Techniques. The Veterinary Clinics of
North America, 2(1): 1-2002.
VETERINARY HELMINTHOLOGY 4 (3-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe life cycle, pathogenesis and control of helminth diseases
2. Collect and process helminth samples and parasite specimens for
identification / diagnosis
Theory:
Introduction to helminthology; Classification, morphology, life cycle,
pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following genera of
trematodes: Dicrocoelium, Eurytrema, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis, Nanophyetus,
Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Fascioloides, Echinostoma, Metagonimus,
Paragonimus, Prosthogonimus, Paramphistomum, Cotylophoran, Gastrothylax,
Gastrodiscus and Schistosoma. Classification, morphology, life cycle,
pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following genera of
cestodes: Anoplocephala, Paranoplocephala, Moniezia, Avitellina, Stilesia,
Thysanosoma, Davainea, Raillietina, Amoebotaenia, Choanotaenia, Dipylidium,
Hymenolepis, Taenia, Echinococcus, Mesocestoides, Diphyllobothrium and
Spirometra. Classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and
control of the species of the following genera of nematodes: Ostertagia,
Cooperia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Chabertia,
Oesophagostomum, Ascaris, Parascaris, Toxascaris, Toxocara, Heterakis,
Ascaridia, Strongylus, Dictyocaulus, Metastrongylus, Protostrongylus,
Meulleruis, Rhabditis, Stephanurus, Thelazia, Spirocerca, Gongylonema,
Tetrameres, Angiostrongylus, Habronema, Ancylostoma, Necator, Uncinaria,
Oxyuris, Enterobius, Subulura, Strongyloides, Gnathostoma, Dirofilaria,
Wuchereria, Loa, Parafilaria, Setaria, Dipetalonema, Onchocerca, Dracunculus,
Trichinella, Trichuris, Capillaria, Dioctophyma, Acanthocephala,
Macrocanthorhynchus, Annelida and Hirudo. Zoonoses in helminthes; Concepts
on formulating/designing the effective control strategies against helminth
parasites with special reference to cestodes and trematodes
Practical:
Methods for collection, transportation, fixation and preservation of helminthes;
Methods for collection and examination of faeces, urine and sputum for the
presence of eggs/larvae of cestodes, nematodes and trematodes; Methods for
examination and staining of blood film for helminthes; Identification of
trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, interpretation of result reports; Field visit at
livestock and poultry farms for collection and identification of endoparasites
including cestodes, nematodes and trematodes.
52
Textbook:
Recommended Books:
1. Schmidt G.D. and L.S. Roberts, 2013. Foundations of Parasitology.
9th Edition, W.C.B. Company, U.K.
2. Bowman D.D., 2013. Georgi’s Parasitology for Veterinarians.
Saunders Elsevier, 10 th Ed.
3. Soulsby, E.J.L., 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of
Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society Bailliere
Tindall, London
4. Foreyt, W.J., 2001. Veterinary Parasitology, Reference Manual Iowa
State Press, Blackwell Publishing Company.
5. Zajac A.M. and G.A. Conboy, 2006. Veterinary Clinical Parasitology
7th Edition Blackwell Publishing AAVP
6. Iqbal, Z., Z.D. Sandhu and A. Jabbar, 2004. Manual of Veterinary
Helminthology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad.
LIVESTOCK EXTENSION EDUCATION 2 (2-0)

Learning outcomes:
1. Define and explain basic concepts of extension education
2. Review and apply extension methods in the field
3. Use various communication tools and methods for effective
dissemination of knowledge to farming community
4. Plan and execute extension programs
Theory:
Extension education, its role in enhancing livestock productivity; communication
and its application in extension, communication barriers and measure to
overcome these barriers, attitude change and factors affecting farmers attitude;
extension methods; use of audio-visual aids in extension work; interviewing,
writing reports and extension articles for newspapers; use of print and electronic
media for extension work; adoption and diffusion of livestock innovations;
demand-driven extension strategy through participatory approach; practice of
microteaching; extension program development.
Textbook:
1. Memon, RA and Bashir, E. 1995. Extension Methods, National Book
Foundation. Islamabad, Pakistan.
Recommended Books:
1. De, Dipak and J. Prabhubasava, 2010. A Handbook of Extension
Education. Agrobios, Judhpur, India.
2- Muhammad, S., 2005. Agriculture Extension Strategies and Skills. Unitech
Communications, Faisalabad. Pakistan.
53
4- Calvert, P., 1990. The Communicator’s Hand Book: Techniques and
Technology, Gainesille, USA.
ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS - I 2 (1-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe basic concepts of genetics
2. Describe gene as unit of inheritance and principles of inheritance
3. Describe genomic techniques and their application.
Theory:
Genetics; historical development and scope; genetic basis of inheritance,
gametogenesis; Mendelism: Mendel's laws, monohybrid and polyhybrid
crosses; Probability: concept and laws of probability; Chi-square test and its
applications; Modified segregation ratios; Multiple allelomorphism; Polygenic
inheritance; Genes and different gene actions: dominance, recessive, epistasis,
additive and non-additive gene action; Genetics of sex: sex determining
mechanisms, sex linkage and its variation; Pleiotropy; Linkage and crossing
over; Gene mutation and chromosomal aberration; Lethal and sub-lethal genes,
elimination of lethals from livestock populations and other genetic abnormalities;
Genetic engineering: basic concepts of recombinant DNA technology, gene
cloning and manipulation; Its application and future; Extra-nuclear inheritance.
Practical:
Microscopic studies on the animal cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis;
Exercises on Mendelian and modified segregation ratios; Karyotyping and
Banding for detecting chromosomal abnormalities; Genomic DNA isolation,
purification and separation on gel electrophoresis; Quantification and storage;
Primers, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); DNA fingerprinting by using restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA
(RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); DNA sequencing
and genotyping; Basic alignment of sequences.
Textbook:
1. Klug, W. S., 2010. Essentials of Genetics. Pearson Benjamin Cummings,
San Francisco, CA.
Recommended Books:
1. Griffiths, A. J. F., 2012. Introduction to Genetic Analysis. W.H. Freeman and
Co., New York.
2. Hodge, R., 2009. Genetic Engineering: Manipulating the Mechanisms of Life.
Facts on File, New York.
3. Gardener, E. J., M. J. Simmons and D. P. Snustad, 1991. Principles of
Genetics. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York, U.S.A.
4. Nicholas, F., 2009. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. Wiley-Blackwell.
54
SEMESTER V
POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED TECHNOLOGY 2 (1-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Identify avian anatomical and physiological factors which influence
feeding and nutrient requirements.
2. Describe various feedstuffs used in poultry feeding and their potential
limitations.
3. Describe feeding strategies used in raising poultry for meat and egg
production.
4. Explain methods of feed presentation in both conventional and modern
production units
5. Perform manual and software based feed formulation for different
classes of poultry.
6. Identify emerging areas of interest and concern in poultry feeding and
nutrition.
Theory:
Avian digestive anatomy and physiology. Classification of poultry feed
ingredients and their chemical composition. Anti-nutritional factors in feed stuffs
for poultry. Feed additives in poultry nutrition. New concepts in poultry feeding.
Nutrition of broiler, layer and breeder birds. Nutritional deficiency diseases in
poultry. Feed stuff handling and storage at poultry feed mill. Feed stuff
processing: grinding, mixing, pelleting and extrusion. Current and future
prospects of poultry nutrition.
Practical:
Identification of poultry feed ingredients. Bulk feed stuff sampling, sample
preparation and handling for laboratory analysis. Raw material handling and
storage. Feed formulation for different classes of poultry bird: Manual method,
MS excel, computer software. Preparation of wholesome feed at farm level.
Quality control management in poultry feed production. Feeding practices at
poultry farm. Compound animal feed stuff act. Visit to a commercial poultry feed
mill.
Textbook:
1. Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2002. Scott’s Nutrition of the Chicken.
International Book Distributing Co. Guleph, Ontario, Canada.
Recommended Books:
1. Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers, 1991. Commercial Poultry Nutrition
University Books, Guleph, Ontario, Canada.
2. Lesson, S. and J. D. Summers, 2001. Broiler Breeder Production.
University Book, Guleph, Ontario, Canada.
3. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 1994. National Academy Press,
Washington, D.C.
55
ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS - II 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Define population genetics
2. Describe concepts of genetic parameters
3. Elaborate principles of selection and methods for improvement of farm
animals
4. Explain role of animal breeding in genetic improvement
5. Describe various breeding plans and systems and their application
Theory:
Population Genetics: Gene and genotypic frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law, forces
affecting gene frequency and genetic structure of a population; Genetic basis of
variation; Quantitative characters and their inheritance; Concepts of heritability
and repeatability, methods of their estimation; Genetic and phenotypic
correlations; Animal breeding: role of animal breeding; breeding systems;
random mating, inbreeding, line-breeding, outbreeding, outcrossing,
crossbreeding and grading up; Selection: kinds of selection, methods of
selection, basis of selection, selection of superior animals, genetic gain and its
measurement; traits of economic importance in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and
poultry; animal genetic resources, their conservation and preservation;
emerging breeding technologies; national breeding policy; constraints and
future breeding plans; Role of breed registry societies/associations in developed
countries and its application in Pakistan.
Practical:
Calculation of gene and genotypic frequencies; Estimation of heritability,
repeatability and genetic correlations; Measurement of coefficient of inbreeding
and relationship; evaluation of livestock on the basis of own performance,
pedigree and progeny; Construction of selection index; Calculation of breeding
values from single and repeated records; Estimation of genetic gain.
Textbook:
1. Bourdon, R. M., 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Recommended Books:
1. Lasley, J. F., 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall
International Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
2. Legates, J. E. and E. J. Warwick, 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm
Animals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York.
3. MINFAL, 1991. National Agricultural Policy. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and
Cooperatives. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.
4. Oldenbroek, J. K., 1999. Gene banks and the conservation of Farm Animal
Genetic Resources. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Health, The
Netherlands.
5. Willis, M. B., 2001. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding.
Blackwell Science, Oxford.
56
CLINICAL VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 1 (0-1)
Learning Outcomes:
1. Diagnose diseases conditions based on laboratory tests
2. Perform and interpret biochemical tests
3. Interpret results of molecular diagnostic tests
Practical:
Organization of clinical pathology lab; collection, preservation and dispatch of
laboratory specimens, haematological examination in diseases of different
animals, diagnosis and interpretations of hematological disorders, anaemia and
its classifications, diagnosis of various neoplastic conditions of blood,
coagulation disorders, bone marrow response in various diseases and its
evaluation, urinalysis, liver function tests (LFTs) and renal function tests (RFTs),
plasma protein profile, blood electrolytes, exfoliative cytology, demonstration of
molecular diagnostic techniques, case studies.
Recommended Books:
1. Latimer, K.S., E.A. Mahaffey and K.W. Prasse, 2003. Duncan & Prasse’s
Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Clinical Pathology. 4th Ed., Iowa State Press,
Ames, Iowa, USA.
2. Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss, 2008. Clinical Biochemistry of
Domestic Animals. 6th Ed. Academic Press, USA.
VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY AND ACAROLOGY 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe life cycle, vector importance/pathogenesis and control of insects
and arachnids.
2. Collect and process biological samples and parasite specimens for
identification / diagnosis
3. Assess the prevalence, economic / public health significance of parasitic
diseases in an environment.
Theory:
General introduction of entomology: arthropods and their economic significance;
classification of arthropoda; respiratory, digestive, nervous and reproductive
systems of arthropods; different types of mouthparts of insects and arachnids
and their significance in disease transmission; classification, morphology, life
cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following
families of arthropods: Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Pediculidae, Cimicidae,
Reduvidae, Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, Simulidae, Psychodidae, Tabanidae,
Gastrophilidae, Glossinidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Oesteridae,
Hypodermatidae, Cuterebridae, Hippoboscidae, Ixodidae, Argasidae,
Demodicidae, Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae, Dermanyssidae and Cheylotodae, role
of insects and arachnids as vector.
57
Practical:
Methods for collection, fixation and preservation of arthropods; methods for
preparation of permanent mounts and pinning of insects and arachnids;
examination of skin scrapings for mange; Identification of lice, bugs, fleas, flies,
ticks and mites; field visit for practical exposure to ectoparasitic infestations;
demonstration of application of insecticides by arranging visits to livestock farms
Textbook:
Recommended Books:
1. Schmidt G.D. and L.S. Roberts, 2013. Foundations of Parasitology. 9th
Edition, W.C.B. Company, U.K.
2. Bowman D.D., 2013. Georgi’s Parasitology for Veterinarians. Saunders
Elsevier, 10th Ed.
3. Foreyt, W.J., 2001. Veterinary Parasitology, Reference Manual Iowa State
Press, Blackwell Publishing Company.
4. Zajac A.M. and G.A. Conboy, 2006. Veterinary Clinical Parasitology 7th
Edition Blackwell Publishing AAVP
5. Taylor, M.A., L.L. Coop, and R.L. Wall, 2007. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd
Ed. Blackwell Publishing, UK
6. Iqbal, Z., M.N. Khan and A. Jabbar, 2003. An Illustrated Textbook of
Veterinary Entomology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad- Pakistan.
VETERINARY VIROLOGY 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Elaborate strategic planning for short listing the diseases during the
process of diagnosis of unknown viral diseases
2. Provide description for methods of sample collection for submission to
veterinary diagnostic labs.
3. Describe entry of viruses into the body of animals, their pathogenesis,
excretion in the environment and dissemination
4. Elaborate clinical and laboratory based disease diagnosis
5. Describe preventive vaccination, disinfection and other bio-security
measures for control of animal viral diseases.
Theory:
Introduction, etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis and control of
following DNA containing viral diseases of veterinary importance:
Herpesviridae: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Marek’s disease, Infectious
laryngotracheitis (ILT); Papillomaviridae: Warts- livestock; Adenoviridae: Avian
adenovirus-HPS, IBH, EDS, canine adenovirus; Poxviridae: Fowl pox, Cow pox,
Capri pox, sheep pox; Parvoviridae: Canine parvovirus, Feline panleucopenia,
bovine parvovirus; Circoviridae: Chicken anemia virus. Introduction, etiology,
pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis and control of following RNA containing
58
viral diseases of veterinary importance: Picornaviridae: FMD virus;
Paramyxoviridae: Newcasle disease virus, PPR, RP, Canine distemper;
Orthomyxoviridae: Avian influenza virus; Rhabdoviridae: Rabies, Bovine
ephemeral fever; Birnaviridae: Infectious bursal disease; Reoviridae: Blue
tongue, Avian tendosynovitis; Coronaviridae: Infectious bronchitis- poultry,
Bovine and canine diarrhea; Togaviridae: Eastern, western, venezuelan equine
encephalitis; Pestivirus: BVD; Retroviridae: Avian leukosis, Prions-BSE.
Practical:
Sources of sample; sample collection and transportation of samples for virus
isolation, Processing of samples for virus isolation, Cultivation of NDV in chicken
embryos, Cultivation of AIV in chicken embryos, Establishment of monolayer of
BHK-21 cell line, FMD Virus cultivation in BHK-21, PPR Virus cultivation in vero
cell line, HPS virus growth in broilers, EM and demonstration of Negri bodies
(through simulations & images), Sero-characterization of NDV-HA&HI tests,
Virus neutralization test, Sero-characterization of FMD virus by ELISA, Sero-
characterization of PPR virus by CFT, Sero-characterization of IBDV by AGPT,
Evaluation of attenuated live NDV virus vaccine and Evaluation of killed FMD
virus vaccine, study tour of Research Institutes / Biological Production Units.
Textbook:
Veterinary Microbiology. Wolf, London.
Recommended Books:
of avian pathogens.6th Ed. American Association of Avian pathologists,
2. Cstro, A.E. and W.F. Henschele, 1992. Veterinary Diagnostic Virology.
Mosby yearbook, Inc., Baltimore.
3. Fenner, F.J., E.P. Gibbs, F.A. Murphy, M.J. Studdert and D.O. White, 1993.
Veterinary Virology 2nd Ed., Academic Press London.
4. OIE, 2000. Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines. Off. Intl.
Des. Epiz., Paris.
5. Talaro, K. and A. Talaro, 1996. Foundation in Microbiology. 2nd Ed., Win C.
Brown Publ., Iowa.
6. Virella, G., 1997. Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 3rd Ed., Williams and
Wilkins, Baltimore.
VETERINARY REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe structures and functions of male and female reproductive
systems
2. Describe reproductive processes of male and female animals (equines,
small ruminants and companion animals)
3. Describe mechanisms of pregnancy and parturition
59
Theory:
Anatomy and physiology of male and female reproductive system,
Embryogenesis of male and female reproductive systems, Neural and
neuroendocrine reflexes, Mechanisms of action of protein and steroid
hormones, Classification of reproductive hormones, Roles of reproductive
hormones, Factors affecting the onset of puberty, Factors influencing
reproductive cyclicity, Folliculogenesis and oogenesis, Oocyte maturation and
ovulation, Physiology of estrous cycle: Follicular Phase, Physiology of estrous
cycle: Luteal Phase, Luteinisation and luteolysis, Reproductive behaviour,
Sequence of spermatogenesis, Factors influencing sperm production,
Physiology of copulation and ejaculation, Sperm transport in the female
reproductive tract, Capacitation and fertilization, Early embryogenesis, Maternal
recognition of pregnancy, Implantation and placentation, Sex differentiation,
Endocrinology of gestation, Endocrinology of parturition, Physiology of
puerperium, Physiology of equine reproduction, Physiology of caprine
reproduction, Physiology of ovine reproduction, Physiology of canine
reproduction, Physiology of feline reproduction
Practical:
Table palpation and biometry of female reproductive organs, Live palpation and
biometry of female reproductive organs, Demonstration of male reproductive
organs, Demonstration of normal semen parameters, Demonstration of artificial
insemination instruments, Practice of passing AI rod, Preparation of semen
extenders, Evaluation of fresh and frozen thawed semen, Cumulus Oocyte
Complexes (COC) aspiration and grading of oocytes, Demonstration of embryo
transfer instruments.
Textbook:
1. Senger, P.L., 2003. Pathways to pregnancy and parturition. 2 nd Ed. Current
Conceptions Inc. Pullman USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Hafez, E.S.E. and B. Hafez, 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th Ed.
Lippincott, USA
2. Salisbury, G.W., N.L. Van Demark and J.R. Lodge, 1985. Physiology of
Reproduction and AI. 2nd Ed, CBS India
3. Penner, P., R. Ed Empringham and P.A. Watson, 1993. Bovine AI Technical
Manual. 2nd Ed, Ontario, Canada
GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC VETERINARY MEDICINE 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe systemic states induced by various disease processes in
animal’s body.
2. Explain clinical manifestations and principles of treatment infectious and
non-infectious conditions/diseases of different body organs and/or
systems.
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3. Restrain animals for clinical examination.
4. Perform clinical examination procedures, analyze information, diagnose,
and prescribe.
5. Demonstrate different routes of drug administration in different animal
species.
Theory:
History and scope of veterinary medicine, Concept of animal diseases, General
terminology used in veterinary medicine; General Systemic states: Fever,
Hyperthermia, Hypothermia, Toxemia/Septicemia, Bacteremia/Viremia, Shock,
Hypersensitivity, Allergy/anaphylaxis; Disseminated intravascular
coagulopathy; Diseases of alimentary system: Principles of alimentary
dysfunction, Stomatitis/parotitis, Pharyngitis/esophagitis, Pharyngeal
obstruction/esophageal obstruction, Colic, Gastritis, Vomiting, Peritonitis,
Simple indigestion, vagal indigestion, Ruminal acidosis and alkalosis, Ruminal
tympany/bloat, Diseases associated with hardwares/Traumatic
reticuloperitonitis, Enteritis/diarrhoea, Left sided abomasal displacement,
Neoplasms of alimentary tract; Diseases of liver and pancreas: Principles of
hepatic dysfunction, Hepatitis, jaundice, Cholilithiasis, Pancreatitis, Diabetes
mellitus; Diseases of cardiovascular system: Principles of circulatory failure,
Pericarditis/traumatic pericarditis, Myocarditis/endocarditis, Acute heart failure,
Congestive heart failure; Peripheral circulatory failure; Diseases of
haemolymphatic and immune system: Disorders of white blood cells,
Anemia, Oedema, Hemorrhage, Lymphadenopathy; Diseases of respiratory
system: Principles of respiratory insufficiency, Rhinitis,
Laryngitis/tracheitis/bronchitis, Pulmonary congestion and edema,
Pneumonia/aspiration pneumonia, Pulmonary emphysema, Hydrothorax/
haemothorax/pneumothorax, Pleurisy, Epistaxis/haemoptysis; Diseases of
nervous system: Principles of nervous dysfunction, Meningitis, Encephalitis,
Encephalomalacia, Traumatic injury to brain and spinal cord, Focal diseases of
brain; Diseases of renal system: Principles of renal insufficiency, Nephritis,
Nephrosis, Pyelonephritis, Cystitis, Urolithiasis; Diseases of musculoskeletal
system: Myositis, Myopathy, Arthritis/synovitis, Arthropathy Osteomyelitis,
Osteomalacia, Osteodystrophy; Diseases of integumentary system:
Pitryasis, hyperkeratosis, Parakeratosis, Patchyderma, Urticarial, Seborrhea,
Dermatitis, Photosensitization, Tumors and cysts of skin; Diseases of eye:
Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic diseases, Conjunctivitis and
keratoconjuctivitis, Cataract, Glaucoma; Diseases of ear: Otitis, Ear hematoma
Practical:
Orientation of Veterinary Clinics, Animal restraint, History taking, Clinical
examination of individual animal and herd (General examination, Physical
examination), Recording cardinal signs of health (temperature, pulse rate,
respiration rate), Rectal examination (Palpation of pelvic/abdominal organs of
cattle, buffalo, horse etc.), Art of prescription writing, Methods of drug
administration (oral, parenteral, topical), Passing of stomach tube, probing,
urinary catheter, trocar and cannula etc., Special examination, clinical
manifestations and principles of treatment of alimentary system, respiratory
61
system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, renal
system, integumentary system, eye, ear and bovine udder.
Textbook:
1. Radostitis, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P. D. Constable. 2007. A
Text Book of Veterinary Medicine, 10th Ed. Saunders Elsevier, PA, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Kelly, W. R., 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed. Bailliere Tindall &
Corsell, London, UK.
2. Kahn C.M., 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed. Merch &
Company., INC, Whitehouse Station, N.J., USA.
3. Pinsent, P.J.N. and C.J. Fulle, 1997. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Horse.
Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
4. Howard J.L, 1999. Current Veterinary Therapy, Food Animal Practice. W.B.
Saunders, Co., USA.
5. Hungerford. T.G., 1991, Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock 9th Ed.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Sydney, Australia.
ISLAMIC STUDIES 1 (1-0)
Objectives:
This course is aimed at:
1 To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
2 To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
3 To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
4 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to
faith and religious life.
Detail of Courses:
Introduction to Quranic Studies
1) Basic Concepts of Quran
2) History of Quran
3) Uloom-ul-Quran
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran

1) Verses of Surah Al-Baqara Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286)
2) Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi
(Verse No-1-18)
3) Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful
(Verse No-1-11)
4) Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77)
5) Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154)
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran
1) Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6, 21, 40,
56, 57, 58.)
62
2) Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of
Judgment
3) Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar, Tadabar (Verse No-1,14)
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I

1) Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood)
2) Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah
3) Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II
1) Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina
2) Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina
3) Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina
Introduction to Sunnah
1) Basic Concepts of Hadith
2) History of Hadith
3) Kinds of Hadith
4) Uloom –ul-Hadith
5) Sunnah & Hadith
6) Legal Position of Sunnah
Selected Study from Text of Hadith
Introduction to Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
2) History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
3) Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
4) Nature of Differences in Islamic Law
5) Islam and Sectarianism
Islamic Culture & Civilization
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization
2) Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization
3) Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization
4) Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues
Islam & Science
1) Basic Concepts of Islam & Science
2) Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science
3) Quran & Science
Islamic Economic System
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System
2) Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics
3) Islamic Concept of Riba
4) Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce
Political System of Islam
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System
2) Islamic Concept of Sovereignty
63
3) Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam
Islamic History
1) Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida
2) Period of Ummayyads
3) Period of Abbasids
Social System of Islam
1) Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam
2) Elements of Family
3) Ethical Values of Islam
Reference Books:
1) Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam” , IRI,
Islamabad
2) Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State”
3) Hameed ullah Muhammad, ‘Introduction to Islam
4) Mulana Muhammad Yousaf Islahi,”
5) Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” leaf
Publication Islamabad, Pakistan.
6) Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic Research
Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
7) Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes”
Islamic Book Service (1982)
8) H. S. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep & Deep
Publications New Delhi (1989)
9) Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama
Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (2001)
ETHICS 1 (1-0)
Learning outcomes:
1. Define ethics and describe ethical teaching of world religions
2. Describe ethics to be followed in business, biomedical, society, and
interactions with animal
Theory:
Definition, scope and nature of ethics, development of ethical theory, ethical
teachings of world religions, promotion of moral values through family and
institutions, general review of moral standard as duty and happiness with
reference to Kant and Mill, general review of business ethics, profits and ethics,
ethics of stakeholders, general review of biomedical ethics, ethical implications
of euthanasia (ethics of care), ethical implications of abortion, general review of
ethics and ecology, the right to liveable environment and animals.
Recommended Books:
1. William, L.A., 1982. Introduction to Ethics, Mathuen & Co. Ltd., London, UK.
64
2. Garewal, S. M., 1985. Pakistan Way of Life and Culture. United Ltd., Lahore,
Pakistan
3. Joseph, G., 1984 What the Great Religions Believe, New American Library,
New York, USA.
SEMESTER VI
ZOONOSES AND FOOD SAFETY 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Define and describe the basics of zoonotic diseases and principles of
food safety
2. Describe laws and regulations impacting food animal, processing
industries and food consumers
3. Describe approaches to microbiological and physical foodborne hazard
identification, testing and sampling; and foodborne hazard prevention
and control.
4. Describe the route(s) of transmission of major zoonotic diseases,
individual and population prevention and control methods for major
zoonotic diseases.
Theory:
Introduction to zoonoses and its classification, Impact of zoonotic diseases on
human health and economy, Global prevalence of zoonotic diseases, Role of
veterinarians in preventing zoonotic diseases, Zoonoses: Viral, Bacterial,
Parasitic and Fungal, Companion animals and zoonoses, Handling of zoonotic
diseases (e.g. wool sorter’s diseases), Regulations regarding zoonotic
diseases. Food safety as global issue, Foodborne disease surveillance and
outbreak investigation, Food safety monitoring, Drug Resistance and food
safety, Surveillance and reporting of food borne illness, Hygienic handling and
processing of milk and meat products. Water, Milk- and Meat-borne diseases,
Microbiological standards of water, milk, meat, eggs and their by-products,
Intoxications associated with food products of animal origin, Residues in food
products of animal origin, WTO standards, Importance and need of
Communication with media, Role of national and international agencies in
controlling emerging and re-emerging diseases, HACCP certification, ISO
22000 and Global Gap program for food safety.
Practical:
Collection, transportation and bacteriological examination of water, milk, eggs
and meat samples, Qualitative standards for food safety certification of milk and
meat, Quantitative standards, most probable number (MPN) and plate count
(APC), Testing of residues (Antibiotics, heavy metals etc), Isolation and
identification of pathogens from milk products and molecular diagnostic
methods for food pathogens, Schematic sketch for isolation and
characterization of bacteria, Screening and diagnosis of brucellosis, Screening
65
and diagnosis of Tuberculosis, Screening and diagnosis of mastitis,
Identification of adulteration in milk samples, Visits to Milk processing plant,
Visits to Abattoir, Data collection and analysis of food borne illness.
Textbook:
1. Hartmurt, K., 2009. Zoonoses, 3rd Edition, ASM press, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Morris, J. G. and M.E. Potter, 2013. Foodborne Infections and Intoxications.
4th ed. Academic Press. USA
2. Rahman, H., L. R. Chatlod and Z.B. Dubal, 2011. Veterinary public health,
New trends. Biotech Books, India
3. Pedro, N. A. and S. Boris, 2003. Zoonoses and communicable diseases
common to man and animals. 3rd Edition. Pan American Health Organization.
USA.
PRINCIPLES OF DAIRY PRODUCTION 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe current status, challenges and potential of dairy production in
Pakistan.
2. Describe modern management systems for enhancement of clean milk
production.
3. Run a successful dairy enterprise through modern management
techniques and practices.
Theory:
Present status of dairy production in Pakistan; Breeds of local, exotic and
crossbred dairy animals; Production systems; Principles of profitable dairy
farming; Planning for establishing a dairy farm; management of calves, young
stock, dry, pregnant, transition and lactating animals; bull management;
housing, welfare and behaviour of dairy animals; reproductive management of
dairy animals; farm mechanization; feeding management of dairy animals; heat
stress management; biosecurity, hygiene and farm waste management;
common ailments, prophylaxis and keeping dairy animals healthy; hygienic milk
production and parlour management; mastitis control; marketing of animals, milk
and milk products, record keeping, data analysis, report preparation and
economic appraisal of a dairy farm.
Practical:
Identification/demonstration of characteristics of local, exotic and crossbred
animals; judging and scoring of dairy animals; farm management practices for
calves, young stock, dry and lactating animals; observation of animal behaviour
and cow signals; heat detection practices, pregnancy diagnosis; milking practice
and milk analysis; preparation of housing plans for small, medium and large
dairy farms; observation and assessment of housing environment; feed
preparation practices; cleaning, sanitation and biosecurity measures in farm
66
premises; preparation of feasibility reports; fodder production and preservation
practices; record keeping and farm management software.
Textbook:
1. Thomas, C.K., N.S.R. Sastry and G. Ravikiran, 2012. Dairy Bovine Production.
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
Recommended Books:
1. Donald, B., L. Frank, N. Dickinson and H.A. Tucker, 1985. Dairy cattle:
Principles, Practices, Problems, Profits. 3rd Ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
2. Khan, B.B (Ed.)., 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak. T.M.
Printers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3. Riaz, M., S.H. Raza, M. Lateef and M. Yaqoob, 2006. Principles and Practices
in Livestock Management (1st Ed.), Pak TM Printers, Faisalabad.
4. Ensminger, M.E., 1990. Dairy Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers and
Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.
5. Khan, M.A., 2009. Buffalo; The Animal of Future. Idara Matbooat-i- Sulaimani,
Urdu Bazar Lahore.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 (2-0)

Learning outcomes:
1. Explain the importance of reproductive biotechnologies and their status
in Pakistan
2. Describe steps involved in semen preservation, semen evaluation and
cryopreservation.
3. Elaborate different estrus synchronization programs and their field
applications
4. Define and explain Embryo transfer (ET), In vitro embryo production
(IVEP), In vitro Fertilization (IVF), Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
(PGD) and Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
5. Exemplify and describe advanced reproductive biotechnologies
Theory:
Introduction to biotechnology, Estrous cycle and estrus detection, Basics of
estrus synchronization, Application of estrus synchronization, Basics of
cryopreservation, Consequences of freezing-thawing, History and status of
artificial insemination, Techniques of artificial insemination, Breeding soundness
examination, Progeny testing program, Basics of reproductive ultrasonography,
Application of reproductive ultrasonography, Introduction to embryo transfer
technology, Selection of donors and superovulation, Embryo collection and
evaluation, Selection of recipients and embryo transfer, Introduction to in vitro
technologies, Oocytes collection and grading, In-vitro maturation of oocytes, In-
vitro fertilization and ICSI, In-vitro culture of embryos, Assisted reproductive
technologies, Applications of assisted reproduction, Pre-implantation genetic
diagnosis, Introduction to animal cloning, Application of animal cloning, Gender
selection via semen sexing, Gender selection via embryo sexing, Introduction
67
to stem cells technology, Application of embryonic stem cells, Introduction to
therapeutic cloning, Introduction to transgenesis in domestic animals
Textbook:
1. Gordon, I., 1996. Controlled reproduction in cattle and buffaloes. Published
by CAB International Willingford, UK
Recommended Books:
1. Meredith, M.J. (Ed), 1995. Animal breeding and infertility. 1st edition
Blackwell publishers, Berlin, Germany
2. Senger, P.L., 2003. Pathways to pregnancy and parturition. 2 nd Ed. Current
Conceptions Inc. Pullman USA
VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE-I 3(3-0)

Learning outcomes:
1. Characterize the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of
infectious diseases of ruminants and equines.
2. Describe the main transmission routes for infectious diseases, including
animal-human, human-animal, vector-borne, water-borne, and air-borne
cycles.
3. Explain mechanism of development/pathogenesis of diseases caused by
different infectious agents in ruminants and equines
4. Principles and tools for proper diagnosis and differential diagnosis of
infectious diseases of animals.
5. Demonstration of treatment protocols of diseases associated with
different pathogenic organisms in animals.
6. Describe interventions used to control and prevent disease, and improve
animal health at the individual and herd level.
Theory :
While etiology and pathogenesis are reviewed, emphasis will be given on clinical
signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention.
Diseases associated with Streptococcus species: (Strangles, Neonatal
Streptococcal infection); Diseases associated with Staphylococcus species:
(Tick pyemia of lambs); Diseases associated with Corynebacterium species:
(Contagious bovine pyelonephritis, Caseous lymphadenitis of sheep and goats,
Ulcerative lymphangitis of horses and cattle, Contagious acne of horses);
Diseases associated with Listeria species: (Listeriosis); Diseases associated
with Bacillus species: (Anthrax); Diseases associated with Clostridium species:
(Tetanus, Botulism, Blackleg, Malignant edema, Infectious necrotic hepatitis,
Bacillary hemoglobinuria, Enterotoxemia); Diseases associated with
Escherichia coli (Acute undifferentiated diarrhea of newborn farm animals,
Collibacillosis); Diseases associated with Salmonella species: (Salmonellosis);
Diseases associated with Pasteurella species: (Septicemic pasteurellosis (HS),
Bovine respiratory disease, Pneumonic pasteurellosis (Shipping fever);
68
Diseases associated with Brucella species: (Brucellosis); Diseases associated
with Morexilla species: (Infectious keratitis of cattle); Diseases associated with
Mycobacterium species: (Tuberculosis, Jonhe’s disease); Diseases associated
with Actinomyces spp. Actinobacillus spp., Dermatophilus spp. (Actinomycosis,
Actinobacillosis, Dermatophilosis); Diseases associated with Fusobacterium
and Bacteroides spp.: (Necrobacillosis, Bovine digital dermatitis, Infectious foot
rot); Diseases associated with Pseudomonas and Burkholderia spp.: ( Fleece
rot in sheep, Glanders); Diseases associated with Leptospira spp.:
(Leptospirosis); Diseases associated with Mycoplasma spp.: (Contagious
bovine pleuropneumonia, Contagious agalactia in sheep and goats, Contagious
caprine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasmal arthritis in cattle); Diseases of
mammary glands: (Mastitis, Udder edema, blood in milk, Viral lesions of udder
and teat); Viral diseases with manifestations attributable to involvement of body
as whole: (Equine infectious anemia, Bovine ephemeral fever, African horse
sickness, Rift valley fever); Viral disease characterized by alimentary tract signs:
(Foot and mouth disease, Vesicular stomatitis, Rinderpest, Peste des petits
ruminants, Malignant catarrhal fever, Bovine virus diarrhea/mucosal disease,
Viral diarrhea in calves, lambs, kids and foals, Winter dysentery in cattle,
Bluetongue); Viral diseases characterized by respiratory signs: (Viral infections
of the upper respiratory tract of horses, Equine herpes virus infection, Equine
viral arteritis, Equine influenza, Enzootic pneumonia of calves, Bovine
respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis); Viral
diseases characterized by nervous signs: (Viral encephalomyelitis of horses,
Rabies, Pseudorabies, Sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, Ovine
encephalomyelitis, Caprine arthritis encephalitis); Viral diseases characterized
by skin lesions: (Contagious ecthyma, Lumpy skin disease,
Cowpox/Sheeppox/goatpox/Horsepox); Diseases associated with prions:
(Scrapie, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy); Diseases associated with
Rickettsiales: (Anaplasmosis, Tick-born fever, Equine granulocytic
Anaplasmosis, Potomac horse fever, Q Fever, Lyme disease); Diseases
associated with algae and fungi: (Aspergillosis, candidiasis, Ringworm);
Diseases associated with protozoa: (Babesiosis, Theileriosis, Coccidiosis,
Neosporosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Toxoplasmosis,); Disease associated with
Trypanosomes: (Nagana /Surra, Dourine); Nematode diseases of the
alimentary tract:{(Parasitic gastroenteritis in ruminants, Strongylosis in horses,
Miscellaneous roundworm infestation (Oxyuris equi, Strongyloides , Trichuris)};
Nematode diseases of other organs: (Lungworm); Nematode induced skin
conditions: (Summer sores in horses, Filarial dermatitis/Parafilariosis);
Nematodes affecting eye: (Thalezia); Diseases associated with trematodes and
cestodes: (Fasciolosis, Stomach fluke disease , Adult and larval tapeworm
infestation, GID); Diseases associated with arthropod parasites: (Stomach bot,
Nasal bots, Warble flies, Sheep ked, Tick infestations, Stable flies, Horse flies,
Biting midges); Mite infestation: (Demodectic mange, Sarcoptic mange,
Psoroptic mange, Chorioptic mange):
Textbook:
1. Radostitis, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P. D. Constable, 2007.
Veterinary Medicine, 10th Ed. Saunders Elsevier, PA, USA.
69
Recommended Books:
2. Matin W. B. and I. D. Ait Isen, 2000. Diseases of Sheep, 3rd Ed. Blackwell
Science, Oxford, UK.
Saunders, Co., USA.
4. Rebhum, W.C., 1998. Diseases of Dairy Cattle, Williams and Willkins,
Baltimore, USA.
5. Smith B.P., 1996. Large Animal Internal Medicine. 2nd Ed. The Mosby Co.
Philadelphia U.S.A.
6. Hungerford. T.G., 1991. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock 9th Ed. McGraw
Hill Book Company, Sydney, Australia.
7. Morgan R.V., 1997. Handbook of Small Animal Practice. 3 rd Ed. W.B.
Saunders Company, PA, USA.
MEAT INSPECTION AND NECROPSY PRACTICE 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Differentiate between meat of different animals
2. Evaluate meat for wholesomeness
3. Describe the cause of death and pathological lesions.
4. Demonstrate understanding of vetro-legal cases
Theory:
Food animals, slaughter house / abattoir management, Halal meat industry,
objectives of meat inspection, antemortem and postmortem examination of
animals, non-specific and specific lesions in different organs of body, rigor
mortis, conditions rendering meat unwholesome for human consumption,
judgment of carcass, disposal of condemned meat, laws regulating meat quality
in Pakistan, differentiation of meat of different animals, recognition of contagious
and zoonotic diseases associated with abattoirs, differentiation between lesion
and postmortem changes, postmortem of large, small, poultry and wild animals,
diagnostic features of accidental and infectious causes of death, single and
group animal death features, importance of forensic veterinary pathology, laws
governing forensic examination of animals.
Practical:
Meat inspection procedure, wholesomeness of carcass, techniques for
differentiation of meat of different species of animals, laboratory tests for
evaluation of wholesome meat, examination of live and dead animals in forensic
cases, necropsy techniques, safety measures to be observed while performing
necropsy, disposal of carcasses suspected to be suffering from contagious and
zoonotic diseases, visits to slaughter house / abattoir for examining, processing
(meat by-products) and further processing (value addition) technologies.
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Textbooks:
1. Gracey, J.F., 2014. Meat Hygiene.11th Edition. The English Language Book
Society, Bailliere Tindal, London U.K.
2. Cooper, J.E., M.E. Cooper, 2007. Introduction to Veterinary and
Comparative Forensic Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Herenda, D.C. and D.A. Franco. 1991. Food Animal Pathology and Meat
Hygiene. Mosby Year Book. London.
2. FAO, 2000. Manual on meat inspection for developing countries, 2nd Ed., Vol.
119, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Rome, Italy.
3. Grist, A., 2004. Poultry Inspection: Anatomy, Physiology and Disease
condition, 2nd Ed., Nottingham University Press.
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 2 (1-1)

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Describe basics of plain and contrast radiographic techniques.
2. Diagnose different medical and surgical ailments through radiographic
presentations as seen on radiographs.
3. Demonstrate practical skills in general abdominal sonography.
4. Demonstrate practical skills for performing a survey radiographic
exposure and film processing.
Theory:
Scope of diagnostic imaging in veterinary practice; Radiographic terminology
and basic principles to study radiographs; Nature and production of X-rays;
Radiographic image formation; Radiographic hazards and protection;
Radiography of the skeletal system; Plain and Contrast radiography of Urinary
System; Plain and Contrast radiography of Gastro-intestinal System; Plain and
Contrast radiography of Respiratory System; Principles of Diagnostic
Ultrasound including indications and techniques; Ultrasound Artifacts;
Sonography of the General Abdomen: Liver, Pancreas, Adrenals and Spleen;
Sonographic features of Gastrointestinal Tract; Sonographic features of Urinary
Tract & Reproductive Tract; Sonography of Musculoskeletal System;
Sonographic features of Eye and Orbit; Imaging of Heart and Doppler
Ultrasound; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); CT Scan.
Practical:
X-ray machine and its working; Dark room requirements and maintenance;
Exposure factors and processing of films; Contrast Radiography techniques;
Examination and evaluation of radiographs; Techniques for radiography of
appendicular and axial skeleton; Imaging of the general abdomen; Imaging of
liver and spleen; Imaging of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas; Imaging of
urinary tract; Imaging of reproductive tract; Imaging of musculoskeletal system;
Imaging of head; Imaging of cardiovascular system; Use of ultrasonography
equipment; Imaging of clinical cases presented to the clinics of the Department.
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Textbook:
1. Thrall, D.E., 2002. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. 4th ed. W.
B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Penninck, D., and M-A d’ Anju, 2008. Atlas of Small Animal
Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing Co., Oxford. UK.
2. Mannion, P., 2006. Diagnostic Ultrasound in Small Animal Practice.
Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK.
3. Kealy, J. K., and H. McAllister, 2004. Diagnostic Radiology and
Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. 4th ed. W. B. Saunders Co.,
Philadelphia, USA
4. Farrow, C. S., 2003. Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging: the Dog and Cat.
Mosby Inc., W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd., USA.
5. Cartee, R. E., B. A. Selcer, J. A. Hudson, S. T. Finn-Bodner, M. B.
Mahaffey, P. L. Johnson and K. W. Marich, 1995. Practical Veterinary
Ultrasound. Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
6. Singh, A. P., and J. Singh. 1995. Veterinary Radiology. CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi, India.
MEDICINE CLINIC-I 1 (0-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Perform disease diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of alimentary,
respiratory, cardiovascular, hemopoietic and lymphatic systems in small
and large animals.
2. Exhibit social behaviors with colleagues, clients, and patients consistent
with those expected of a member of the veterinary community.
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the societal
responsibilities of veterinarians locally, nationally and globally
3. Demonstrate basic knowledge and understanding of first aid and
emergency care of animal diseases.
4. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the rationale use of
therapeutics and their availability in the market.
5. Demonstrate basic knowledge and understanding of disposal of
biomedical wastes in veterinary hospitals and associated hazards.
6. Development of core competencies in clinical case recording.
Clinic:
Exercises in diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of diseases of alimentary
system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, hemopoietic and lymphatic
system in livestock and pets, Communication skills (Veterinarian-client
interaction), First aid procedures and emergency medicine, Practice of feeding
of sick animals, Practical antimicrobial therapy/rationale therapeutics, Generic
and trade names of drugs along with their doses, Disposal of biomedical wastes
in veterinary hospitals, Hazards of biomedical wastes and their impact on
environment, Basic concept of civic engagement, Deworming procedure and
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doses for different species of animals/pets/birds, Professional development and
social responsibilities of veterinarian, Preparation of case records, case follow
up etc., Recording of minimum 10 cases at pet center under the supervision of
teacher and making a presentation after consulting veterinary information
resources like journals, books and internet etc., Study tours to livestock farms
and Veterinary Hospitals.
Recommended Books:
1. Radostitis, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P. D. Constable., 2007.
Corsell, London, U. K.
Saunders, Co., U.S.A.
6. Hungerford. T.G., 1991, Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock 9th Ed. McGraw
Hill Book Company, Sydney, Australia.
7. Smith B.P., 1990. Large Animal Internal Medicine. The C.V. Mosby
Company, Baltimore.
SURGERY CLINIC-I 1(0-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Perform general examination of the clinical cases of different animals
2. Perform medication of traumatic animals
3. Demonstrate clinical procedures to treat animals.
Clinic:
General Examination, Asepsis & Antiseptics, Wound management, Antiseptics
used in clinics, Bandages and bandaging techniques, Routes of Drug
administration, Animal Chipping.
Students will be required to record a minimum of 10 clinical cases (history taking,
clinical findings, laboratory investigation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis
treatment and discussion) in each clinic case under the supervision of a teacher.
Recommended Books:
1. Venugopalan, A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th ed. Oxford
and IBH Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India.
2. Kumar, A. 1997. Veterinary Surgical Techniques. Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi, India.
3. Harari, J. 1993. Surgical Complications and Wound Healing in the Small
Animal Practice, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
4. Kelly, W. R. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed. Bailliere Tindall,
London, UK.
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THERIOGENOLOGY CLINIC-I 1 (0-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Explain the importance of history taking for a clinical case.
2. Describe the protocol for approaching clinical cases at reproduction
clinic
Clinic:
Steps to identify a clinical case of reproduction, Approach to clinical case and
pre-requisites for handling, Palpation & identification of female reproductive
system on table, Technique of rectal palpation in domestic animals,
Identification of parts of reproductive tract in live animals, Identification of
ovarian structures in live animals, Determination of stage of estrus cycle in live
animals, Development of models for estrus detection, Selection of a bull for
breeding, Functioning of Semen Production Units.
Recommended Books:
1. Zemjenis, R., 1970. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Techniques in Animal
Reproduction. Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore
2. Morrow, D.A., 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology, II. W.B. Saunders
Company, Philadelphia
3. Ahmad, M. and M.A. Saji, 1997. Manual for Breeding Soundness of Dairy
Bulls for use in A.I. Livestock and Dairy development Department, 16-
Cooper Road, Lahore
SEMESTER VII
BEEF AND MUTTON PRODUCTION 2 (1-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe current status of meat production in Pakistan.
2. Identify indigenous and exotic breeds,
3. Describe appropriate and cost effective management, feeding and
processing system of meat production.
4. Establish a successful meat production unit through application of modern
management techniques and practices.
Theory:
Status of meat production in Pakistan, issues and potential of meat industry in
Pakistan, meat type breeds of farm animals, meat production systems, factors
affecting carcass and meat quality; management of meat animals, feeding
management for optimum growth, grazing systems, management and
supplementary feeding, growth rate and fattening potential of male calves, feed
additives, hormones and probiotics for growth, management during inclement
weather. breeding and reproduction of meat animals, modern abattoirs,
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slaughtering methods and post slaughter changes in carcass, carcass grades
and spoilage of meat, meat hygiene, storage and preservation, Establishing
commercial beef/mutton farms, record keeping, data handling and feasibility
reports, keeping herd/flock healthy.
Practical:
Meat Production Systems, practical demonstrations on early feeding, raising
orphan and multiple birth lambs/kids, Creep feeding, dehorning, castration and
weaning; preparing beef animals for shows, dentition for age determination;
practical tips for housing of beef animals, feasibility reports for beef/mutton
production; ante-mortem inspection, Carcass evaluation, Carcass grades and
cuts, Beef grades, Shearing and handling wool. Vaccination schedule for meat
animals; maintenance of farm records; visit to farms, abattoir and market.
Textbook:
1. Alvi, A. S., 1991. Meat Production and Technology in Pakistan, Pakistan
Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad.
Recommended Books:
1. Ensminger, M. E., 1996. Beef Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers and
Publisher, Danville, Illinois, USA.
2. Mackintosh, J.B., 1983. Sheep production in Pakistan, PARC, Islamabad.
3. Anwar, A. H., 1996. Meat Hygiene and Inspection. Dept. Veterinary
Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
4. Ensminger, M.E. and R.O. Parker, 1986. Sheep and Goat Science.
Interstate Printers and publishers Inc. Danville, Illinois. USA.
5. Steel, M., 1996. Goats. McMillan Education Ltd. London
6. Devendra, C. and George B. McLeroy, 1982. Goat and sheep production in
the tropics. Longman Group, the University of Wisconsin – Madison.
VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE-II (3-0)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of
metabolic disorders, deficiency diseases, plant/chemical toxicities and
animal poisons in livestock and pets.
2. Elucidate process of development of metabolic disorders and ill effects of
nutritional deficiencies, plant/chemical toxins on animal’s body.
3. Principles and tools for proper diagnosis and differential diagnosis of non-
infectious diseases of animals.
4. Demonstration of treatment protocols for metabolic and deficiency
diseases in veterinary practice and use of different specific antidotes
against plant and chemical toxicities.
5. Describe interventions used to control and prevent disease, and improve
animal at the individual and herd level.
6. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the infectious and non-
infectious diseases of camels, dogs, cats and poultry.
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Theory:
While etiology and pathogenesis are reviewed, emphasis will be given on clinical
signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention.
Metabolic diseases: (Parturient paresis, Downer cow syndrome, Lactation

tetany of mares, Hypomagnesemic tetany, Ketosis, Pregnancy toxemia in
sheep, Postparturient hemoglobinuria in cattle, Sporadic acute exertional
rhabdomyolysis in horses, Atypical myopathy in grazing horses, Equine
cushing’s disease); Diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies: (Cobalt
deficiency, Copper deficiency, Iodine deficiency, Iron deficiency, Zinc
deficiency, Manganese deficiency, Selenium and vitamin E deficiency, Dietary
deficiency of phosphorus, calcium and vitamin D); Diseases associated with
deficiencies of vitamins: (Vitamin A deficiency, Vitamin K deficiency, Thiamin
deficiency, Riboflavin deficiency, Nicotinic acid deficiency, Pyridoxine
deficiency, Pantothenic acid deficiency, Folic acid deficiency, Vitamin B12
deficiency); Diseases associated with physical agents: (Radiation injury,
Lightening stroke and electrocution, Drowning, Frostbite); Diseases associated
with inorganic and farm chemicals: (Lead poisoning, Arsenic poisoning,
Selenium poisoning, Mercury poisoning, Copper poisoning, Sodium chloride
poisoning, Zinc poisoning, Poisoning by anthelmintics, Organophosphates
poisoning); Diseases associated with toxins in plants and animals: (Cyanogenic
glycoside poisoning, Nitrate and nitrite poisoning, Bracken fern poisoning,
Snakebite, Bee stings, Tick paralysis); Poisoning by mycotoxins: (Aflatoxicosis,
Deg Nala disease); Diseases associated with allergy: (Autoimmune hemolytic
anemia of the newborn, Pupura hemorrhagica);
Diseases of dogs and cats: (Leptospirosis, Rabies, Canine distemper, Infectious
canine hepatitis, Borreliosis, Canine ehrlichiosis, Lahore canine fever,
Parvovirus infection, Feline panleukopenia, Feline calcivirus infection,
Ringworms, Ecto and endo parasitism);
Diseases of camel: (Trypanosomiasis, Filariasis, Mali, Kapauli, Contagious
necrosis of skin, Kumree, Vail, Specific peritonitis, Meningitis, Camel pox,
Influenza, Hemorrhagic disease, ecto and endo parasitism)
Diseases of poultry: {(Viral diseases:Newcastle disease, Avian influenza, Fowl
pox, Marek’s disease, Lymphoid leucosis, Infectious bursal disease, Egg drop
syndrome, Infectious laryngotracheitis, Infectious bronchitis, Hydropericardium
syndrome, Inclusion body hepatitis, Avian infectious anemia, Femur head
necrosis)}; {(Bacterial Diseases: Salmonellosis, Infectious coryza,
Mycoplasmosis, Spirochaetosis, Fowl cholera, Colibacillosis, Staphylococcal,
streptococcal and clostridial diseases)}; {(Fungal Diseases: Brooder’s
pneumonia, Thrush, Mycotoxicosis)}; {(Parasitic Diseases: Diseases caused by
protozoa, nematodes, cestodes and arthropods)}; {(Nutritional Diseases:
Deficiencies/imbalances of vitamins, minerals, proteins and other nutrients)};
{(Miscellaneous Conditions: Poisoning and intoxications, Heat stress,
Cannibalism)}:
Textbook:
1. Radostitis, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P. D. Constable., 2007.
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Reference Books:
1. Kahn C.M. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed. Merch &
2. Swayne D.E. (Ed.), 2013. Diseases of Poultry. 13th Edition. Wiley-
Blackwell, USA.
3. Matin W.B. and I.D. Ait Isen, 2000. Diseases of Sheep, 3rd Ed. Blackwell
Science, Oxford, UK.
4. Iqbal C.Z. and Akbar S.U.J., 2000. The Camel and its Diseases. Al Bayan
Printing and Publishing Est. UAE.
6. Rebhum, W.C., 1998. Diseases of Dairy Cattle, Williams and Willkins,
Baltimore, USA.
7. Smith B.P., 1996. Large Animal Internal Medicine. 2nd Ed. The Mosby Co.
Philadelphia U.S.A.
9. Larry P. Tilley and Francis W. K. Smith, Jr., 1997. The 5 Minutes Veterinary
Consult Canine and Feline. William and Wilkins, M.D. USA.
10. Morgan, R.V., 1997. Handbook of Small Animal Practice. 3rd Ed. W.B.
Saunders Company, PA, USA.
ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND INTENSIVE CARE 1 (0-1)

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Describe different methods of general anaesthesia (injectable and
inhalation).
2. Describe different sites and techniques of regional and local
anaesthesia.
3. Monitor the surgical patient during intra and post-operative period.
4. Practically demonstrate induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in
clinical practice in different animals.
Practical:
Introduction to Veterinary Anaesthesia, including Pre-anaesthetics and
Anaesthetic agents and their uses; Pre-anaesthetic considerations; Types of
anaesthesia (local, regional and general), and their clinical applications;
Epidural and Paravertebral anaesthesia and their practical demonstration; Local
nerve blocks (for dental, eye and horn surgeries and their practical
demonstration); Local nerve blocks in limbs for lameness diagnosis and their
practical demonstration. Stages of General Anaesthesia and patient monitoring
during and after anaesthesia; Anaesthesia under field conditions; Practical
demonstration of anaesthetic regimens for small and large animals (including
dogs, cats, small ruminants, horses, donkeys, large ruminants and camels);
Anaesthetic regimens for birds, exotics, and laboratory animals; Anaesthetic
emergencies (cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, shock, acid base imbalance)
and their management.
77
Recommended Books:
1. Tranquilli, W. J., J. C. Thurmon and K. A. Grimn. 2007. Lumb and Jones’
Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing, USA.
2. Aldridge, P. and L. O’Dwyer. 2013. Practical Emergency and Critical Care
Veterinary Nursing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., UK.
3. Venugopalan, A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th ed. Oxford, New
Delhi.
4. Harrari, J. 1996. Small Animal Surgery. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore,
USA.
5. Thrall, D.E. 1994. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. 2nd ed. W.
6. Turner, A. S. and C. W. Mcllwraith. 1989. Techniques in Large Animal
Surgery. 2nd ed. Lea & Febiger Philadelphia, USA.
7. Jennings. Jr. P. B. 1984. The Practice of Large Animal Surgery. W.B.
Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
OBSTETRICS AND GENITAL DISEASES 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe causes and management of fetal deaths in early and late
gestation
2. Describe causes of abortion
3. Evaluate causes and management of pre- and post-partum disorders
4. Describe the causes of infertility in animals
Theory:
Introduction and significance of obstetrics, Effect of climate on fertility, Effect of
nutrition on fertility, Early embryonic mortality, Non-infectious causes of
abortion, Infectious causes: bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases causing
reproductive disorders in farm animals, Fetal mummification & maceration,
Dropsy of fetal membranes & teratological defects, Uterine torsion, Genital
prolapse, Causes and types of dystocia, Selection of obstetrical procedures,
Diseases of puerperal period, Retention of fetal membranes, , Hormonal causes
of infertility, Repeat Breeding, Anestrus, Uterine infections, Uterine cultures and
treatment, Genetic and nutritional basis of infertility in male, Different
types/forms of infertility in male, Principles of hormonal & antibiotic therapy,
Small ruminants reproductive disorders, Equine reproductive disorders, Canine
reproductive disorders.
Practical:
Overview of obstetrical anatomy, Normal/abnormal presentation, position and
posture, Identification and usage of obstetrical instruments, Normal parturition
mechanism in different species, Fetal and maternal dystocia: causes and
treatment, Performance of mutation and forced extraction, Introduction and
performance of fetotomy, Local, epidural and paravertebral anaesthesia,
Caesarean section, Approach and handling of obstetrical cases, Induction of
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parturition and abortion in farm animals, Handling of prolapse and torsion,
Prevention and treatment of infertility in male and female, Injuries/diseases of
the puerperal period.
Textbook:
1. Roberts, S.J., 1986. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. 2nd Ed.,
Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann. Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
Recommended Books:
2. Youngquist, R.S. and W. Threlfall, 2007. Current Therapy in Large Animal
Theriogenology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia
COMMERCIAL POULTRY PRODUCTION 2 (1-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe modern managemental tools in different production systems
and housing types.
2. Describe different methods of processing of broiler meat.
3. Demonstrate optimum production and management of layer chicken on
the floor and in the cages.
4. Perform disease prevention and control through proper implementation
of biosecurity and vaccination procedures.
5. Describe procedures required to maintain health and welfare of the
birds.
Theory:
Present status and future scope of commercial poultry farming in Pakistan;
characteristics of different breeds/strains involved in the development of broiler
and layers; housing requirements for broiler and layer production; selection and
procurement of quality chicks; pre-brooding and brooding requirements for
broiler and layer chicks; feeding and management practices of broiler
production; sex separate raising of broilers and measuring broiler growing
efficiency; integrated broiler farming; processing of broilers chicken; factor
affecting growth rate and meat quality in broiler production; vices and their
remedies in layer production; light and feed manipulation to attain sexual
maturity; management of layer flock during laying; layer management in cages;
factors affecting egg production; production standards; management of the flock
in hot and cold environment; induced molting and its economics; trouble
shooting in commercial poultry farming; waste disposal; record keeping.
Practical:
Typical characteristics of poultry birds for meat production; demonstration of
various types of brooders; sanitary practices on the farm; selection and culling
of birds; pre-brooding and brooding management; selection and grading of live
birds; litter management; feeding strategies for broiler; monitoring of growth
79
performance of broilers viz. weekly feed consumption, weekly weight gain,
mortality, feed to gain ratio and feed conversion ratio; processing techniques;
carcass measurements and evaluating dressing percentage; giblet weights;
sensory evaluation of broiler meat quality; biosecurity and its management;
vaccination and vaccination schedule for common diseases; calculating
economics of broiler production; debeaking, dubbing and toe clipping;
identification of layer and non-layer; selection and culling procedures; catching
and transportation of birds; cost benefit ratio of layer enterprises; induced
molting techniques; managing flock during heat stress; use of computer in
record keeping; visit to layer farm; feasibility report of broiler; feasibility report of
10,000 layer flock; record keeping.
Textbook:
1. North, M.O. and D.D. Bell. 2001. Commercial Chicken Production Manual.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Ensminger, M.E., 1999. Poultry Science. The Interstate Printers and
Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, U.S.A.
2. Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.
3. Vegad, J.L., 2004. Poultry Diseases: A Guide for Farmers and Poultry
Professionals. International Book Distributors Co. Lucknow, India.
4. Hurd, L.M., 2003. Modern Poultry Farming. Greenworld Publishers 8/217,
Indira Nagar Lucknow-226 016 (UP).
5. Charles, T.B. and H.O. Stuart, 2011. Commercial Poultry Farming. 6th
edition, Biotech Books, USA.
7. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar, 2004. Poultry Farming. Higher Education
Commission, H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan.
8. Jadhav, N.V. and M.F. Siddiqi, 1999. Handbook of Poultry Production and
Management. Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. New Delhi,
India.
BIO-STATISTICS 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Define bio-statistics and describe its applications
2. Differentiate between continuous and discrete data
3. Define and explain probability, correlation, regression and salient
statistical concepts
4. Perform statistical analysis pivotal to bio-statistics
Theory:
Introduction of bio-statistics, types of data (scales of measurements), frequency
distribution for continuous and discrete data, visual representation of data, stem
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and leaf display, box and whisker plots; measures of location and variability,
moments, skewness, coefficient of skewness and Kurtosis, definitions and laws
of probability, simple correlation and regression analysis, elementary ideas of
sampling, distribution of means and proportions, Test of significance of means,
proportion, difference between means and difference between proportions with
their confidence Intervals. Experimental Design (Completely Randomized
Design, Randomized Complete Block Design).
Practical:
The statistical packages Minitab and SPSS will be used for Measure of
Location, Measure of Dispersion, Graphical Presentation, Regression and
Correlation Analysis, Test of significance of Means, Proportion, Differentiate
between Two Means, Proportions, CR Design and RCB Design.
Textbook:
1. Zar, J.H., 2003. Biostatistical Analysis, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education
(Singapore) Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited. London, UK.
Recommended Books:
1. Muhammad F., 2000. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis, Kitab Markaz,
Bhawana Bazar Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2. Choudhry, M. R., 2001. Modern Statistics (Vol-I & II ). Polymer
Publications, Urdu Bazaar, Lahore.
3. Steel, R. G. D, J. H. Torrie and D.A. Dickey, 1997. Principles and
Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Edition. WCB
McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
MEDICINE CLINIC-II 1 (0-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Perform disease diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of
hepatobiliary, nervous, urinary and integumentary systems of large and
small animals.
2. Collect samples of body fluid and tissues.
3. Demonstrate knowledge and skills in the interpretation of common
diagnostic procedures and Lab reports.
4. Describe role of vaccination in diseases control and general vaccination
schedule for different animal species.
5. Interact with community through small scale project development.
6. Develop of core competencies in clinical case handling and recording.
Clinic:
Exercises in diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of diseases of
hepatobiliary system, nervous system; urinary system, integumentary system in
livestock and pets; Practice of sample collection, labeling, packaging and
dispatch of biological materials (blood, serum, feces, skin scrapings, milk and
other body fluids) for laboratory examination, Hematological evaluation and
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interpretation, Evaluation of acid-base balance and interpretation, Fecal
examination procedures and interpretations, Examination of skin scrapings and
interpretation, Urine evaluation procedures and interpretation, Tests and their
interpretation for hemoprotozoan diseases, Interpretation of blood chemistry
profile in diseases, Paracentesis and interpretation of test results, Milk tests for
mastitis and interpretation, Vaccines and vaccination in ruminants, equines and
pets, Preparing and implementing projects for community development,
Recording of minimum 15 cases under the supervision of teacher and making a
presentation after consulting veterinary information resources like journals,
books and internet. Study tours to livestock farms and Veterinary Hospitals.
Recommended Books:
2. Kelly, W. R., 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed. Bailliere Tindall and
Corsell, London, UK.
Company, Baltimore.
SURGERY CLINIC-II 1 (0-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Perform different techniques for handling of animals for examination and
treatment purposes
2. Protect themselves and the animals from serious injuries.
3. Perform different surgical exercises on clinical cases.
4. Perform management during post-operative period.
Clinic:
Physical and chemical restraint techniques in horses, ruminants, pets, history
taking and clinical examination, routes of drug administration and
catheterization in male and female animals, Bandages and bandaging
techniques, Preparations used for topical dressing of wounds, management of
wounds, galls, ulcers and abscesses, Trocarization in small and large animals,
Hospitalization and care of sick animals. Students will be required to record a
minimum of 10 cases (history taking, clinical findings, laboratory investigation,
diagnosis, differential diagnosis treatment and discussion) in each clinical case
under the supervision of a teacher.
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Recommended Books:
1. Venugopalan, A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th Ed. Oxford and
IBH Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India.
2. Kumar, A. 1997. Veterinary Surgical Techniques. Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi, India.
3. Harari, J., 1993. Surgical Complications and Wound Healing in the Small
Animal Practice, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
London, UK.
THERIOGENOLOGY CLINIC - II 1 (0-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe the importance of breeding bull, its selection and clinical
evaluation.
2. Basics for semen collection, evaluation and processing.
Clinic:
Method and importance of history questions in case handling, Breeding program
in a herd, How to diagnose pregnancy in domestic animals, Breeding soundness
examination of male, Preparation of Bull and Artificial Vagina for semen
collection, Methods of semen collection (Techniques), Evaluation of semen
(characters) and processing (storage methods), Preparation of extenders,
Rectal palpation and passing of rod for Artificial Insemination.
Recommended Books:
3. Ahmad, M. and M.A. Saji, 1997. Manual for Breeding Soundness of Dairy
Bulls for use in A.I. Livestock and Dairy development Department, 16-
Cooper Road, Lahore.
SEMESTER VIII
BREEDER AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT 3 (2-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe modern managemental techniques for optimum and cost-
effective production of broiler and layer breeder.
2. Describe techniques for optimum production, selection, fumigation of
storage of hatching eggs.
3. Ensure disease prevention and control through proper implementation of
biosecurity and vaccination procedures.
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4. Describe procedures involved in production of good quality chicks
5. Demonstrate maintenance of health and welfare of the breeding birds.
6. Plan, implement, and manage optimum and hygienic hatchery
operations.
7. Perform chick sexing, grading, vaccination, packing practices in the
hatchery.
8. Handle problems in the breeding poultry and hatchery operations.
Theory:
Status and scope of Poultry Breeding Industry in Pakistan/World; commercial
breeding programs; bio-security; breeder house layout and equipment
requirements; environment control vs. open sided housing; care and
management during brooding period; light and feed management during
growing; monitoring body weights and uniformity during growing; grading and
selection during growing period; significance of fleshing, feathering, shank and
keel length; transportation or shifting of growing flock to breeding house; pre-
breeder nutrition; feeding programs for adults; production standards; male
management during rear and production; causes of poor fertility and
hatchability; major management health concerns with breeders; summer and
winter strategies to enhance production; induced molting in the breeder flocks;
incubation methods; types of incubators; role of computer in modern hatchery
operations; incubation requirements; embryonic development of chick; factors
influencing fertility, hatchability and quality of chicks; setting and candling of
eggs; taking off the hatch; hatchery sanitation and waste disposal; hazard
management during incubation; incubation records; trouble shooting at different
stages in the breeder and hatchery operation.
Practical:
Demonstration of commercial breeding programs; reproductive systems of male
and female; vaccination programs and methods; blood and tissue sampling;
environment control housing; ventilation and heating systems; toe clipping,
dubbing and beak trimming; monitoring body weights during growing and
uniformity calculations; basic practices for male management; identification of
sexing errors; separate-sex feeding system; male to female ratio; artificial
insemination; nest management; egg collection, handling, cleaning; hatching
egg fumigation, selection, storage and transportation; summer and winter
management; calculating cost of producing hatching eggs and chicks;
calculations and conversions; feasibility report of 10,000 broiler and layer
breeder flocks; Layout and design of hatcheries; selection, candling and setting
of hatching eggs; cleaning of hatching eggs; fumigation; types of incubators and
their different parts; operation of incubators; sexing, vaccination, grading;
packing and transportation of day-old chicks; hatchery sanitation; disinfection
and fumigation of incubators; visits to commercial hatcheries; record keeping;
feasibility report of hatchery.
Textbook:
1. North, M.O. and D. D. Bell, 2001. Commercial Chicken Production Manual.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, USA.
84
Recommended Books:
1. Taylor, L.W., 2003. Fertility and Hatchability of Chicken and Turkey Egg.
International book distributing company, Lucknow, India.
2. Lakhotia, R. L., 2003. Reproduction in Poultry. CAB International,
Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.
3. Hocking, P. M., 2009. Biology of breeding poultry. CAB International,
Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.
4. Austic and Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production.13th edition. Lea and
Febiger; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
5. Leeson, S. and J.D. Summers, 2000. Broiler Breeder Production. University
Book Foundation, University of Guleph, Canada.
6. Leeson, S. and J.D. Summers, 2001. Nutrition of the Chicken. International
Book Distributing C., Lucknow, India.
VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe basic principles of epidemiology, including
descriptive/analytical epidemiology
2. Elaborate techniques used to conduct disease outbreak investigations
and develop disease prevention programs
3. Describe causal models, distribution/patterns and control of disease or
other health-related events in populations.
4. Perform epidemiologic data collection, management and analysis,
evaluation of analyses and critical evaluation of published information.
Theory:
Introduction to epidemiology & public health, disease occurrence, Mapping,
Causality, Determinants of disease, Diagnostic testing, Transmission and
maintenance of infection, Descriptive epidemiology, Analytical epidemiology,
Case-control studies, Cohort studies, Experimental epidemiology, Animal
disease survey, Types of sampling, Surveillance, Prevention, Control and
eradication, Outbreak investigation, National and international disease
reporting, Trans-boundary disease of veterinary importance, TAD distribution,
mapping, regulatory implications, TAD control, International trade framework
Practical:
Nature of veterinary data scale of measurement, Data elements, Representation
of data: coding numeric codes, symbols, Presentation of numerical data,
Measure of disease occurrence, Vital statistics, Collection, handling and
transportation of appropriate samples, Methods of data collection, Survey and
sample size calculation, Questionnaire development for field visit, Field visit for
detection of weather determinants, global positioning system (GPS) and GIS
Arc for mapping of important communicable diseases, entry of data collected
during survey and its analysis, Epidemic investigation steps, Questionnaire for
epidemic investigation of retrospective, cohort and prospective studies.
85
Textbook:
1. Thrusfield M., 2007. Veterinary Epidemiology. Blackwell Publisher
Recommended Books:
1. Gordis L., 2008. Epidemiology. 4th Edition. Saundeis, Elsevier
2. Bonita, R., R. Beagleohole, T. KjellStrom, 2006. Basic Epidemiology. 2 nd
Edition. WHO
3. Merrill, R. M., 2013. Introduction to epidemiology, 6th Edition. Jones and
Barletta learning LLC.
SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY 4 (3-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Correct surgical problems encountered in small animal practice
2. Practice the learned techniques on experimental and clinical cases.
Theory:
General surgical considerations, Fluid and electrolyte therapy in small animals,
Affections of mouth & teeth, salivary glands, neck, digestive system, Hip and
Shoulder Dislocations, Fracture, Affections of respiratory system, skin and its
adnexa, ears, urinary system, Male and female genital systems.
Practical:
Laparotomy techniques in small animals, Tooth extraction procedure, salivary
gland resection, Splenectomy, Gastrotomy, Intestinal end-to-end anastomosis,
Castration in dog and cat, Ovariohysterectomy in bitches and queens,
Cystotomy, Nephrotomy and Nephrectomy, Thoracotomy, correction of
auricular haematoma, ear cropping, Tail docking and Dewclaw amputation,
repair of prolapse of eye ball, Approaches to different long bones and use of
external and internal fixation devices for fracture repair, Anal sac resection.
Textbook:
1. Slatter, D. H. (ed.) 1991. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. W. B.
Recommended Books:
1. Bojrab, M. J. (ed.) 1998. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. 4th
Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
2. Fossum, T. W. (ed.) 1997. Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Mosby-Year Book,
Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
3. Harvey, C. E., C. D. Newton and A. Schwartz, 1990. Small Animal Surgery.
J. B. Lippincott. Philadelphia, USA.
4. Knecht, C. D., A. R. Allen, D. J. Williams and J. H. Johnson, 1987.
Fundamental Techniques in Veterinary Surgery. 3rd Ed. W. B. Saunders
Co., Philadelphia. USA. 
5. Piermattei, D. L., 1993. An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and
Joints of the Dog and Cat. 3rd Ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
6. Archibald, J. (ed.) 1974. Canine Surgery. 2nd Ed. Santa Barbara, American
Veterinary Publications, Inc., California, USA.
86
FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 1 (0-1)
Learning outcomes:
1. Differentiate between fish, fisheries & aquaculture.
2. Identify fish species on the basis of morphology.
3. Apply principles of aquaculture for appropriate site selection, designing
and pond construction; selection of suitable fish species for sustainable
aquaculture.
4. Apply best aquaculture operational and management skills.
5. Formulate and prepare aqua feed, induced breeding techniques,
diagnosis and control of diseases in commercially important fish species.
Practical:
Introduction to fish, fisheries and aquaculture; fish diversity, source and
consumers preference; fish identification, morphometric and meristic counts,
dissection, anatomy and dressing percentage; construction and components of
fish ponds; determination of water quality parameters (physical, chemical and
biological-phytoplankton and zooplankton sampling and identification);
diagnosis and control of infectious and metabolic fish diseases; formulation and
preparation of aqua feed; types of fish hatchery and management; induced fish
breeding techniques; ornamental fishes and aquarium making; fishing gears
and netting.
Textbook:
1. Garg, S. K., A. Bhatnagar, A. Kalla and M.S. Johal, 2002. Experimental
Icthyology. CBS Publishers. INDIA.
Recommended Books:
1. Mirza, M. R. and M. Sharif, 1998. Key to the Identification of Fishes of Punjab.
Ilmi Publications, Lahore.
2. Ali, S. S., 2001. Fresh Water Fish Biology. Naseem Book Depot, Hyderabad.
3. Shammi, Q. J. and S. Bhatnager, 2002. Applied Fisheries. Agrobios. India.
4. Pillay, T.V.R., 2002. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. Blackwell
Science Ltd.
5. Bhatti, M. N. and M.R. Mirza, 1995. Jadeed Fish Culture. Feroze Sons,
Lahore.
6. Bhatti, M. N. and M.R. Mirza, 1993. Pakistan Ki Machlianaur Mahiparwari.
Feroze Sons, Lahore.
MEDICINE CLINIC-III 2 (0-2)

Learning outcomes:
1. Perform disease diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of
musculoskeletal system, eye and ear of large and small animals.
2. Practice emergency handling and critical care of patient in ICU and
demonstrate basic skills of diseases outbreak investigation.
87
3. Use alternative medicine in veterinary practice.
4. Describe principles of storage of dangerous drugs and development of
strategies for parasite control in livestock.
5. Demonstrate basic knowledge of diseases diagnosis, treatment and
control of zoo and wild animal diseases.
6. Develop core competencies in clinical case handling and recording.
Clinic:
Exercises in diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of diseases of
musculoskeletal system, eye and ear; Practice of emergency handling and
critical care (colic, tympany, snakebite, poisonings, drug reactions, hemorrhage,
shock, heat stroke etc.), Managing of an outbreak of infectious/contagious
disease, Application of different diagnostic and treatment tools (gastric lavage,
enema, allergic tests etc.), Screening tests for brucellosis, Health and safety
(human, animal, environment), Maintenance and storage of
dangerous/poisonous drugs, Practical demonstration of the control measures of
ecto- and endo-parasites on individual animals and herd basis, Introduction to
the practice of complementary medicine (alternative medicine), Use of
biotechnology in disease diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention,
Introduction to important diseases of zoo/wild animal species, Recording of
minimum 15 cases under the supervision of teacher and making a presentation
after consulting veterinary information resources like journals, books and
internet. Study tour to livestock farms, Zoo/Wildlife Parks and Veterinary
Hospitals.
Recommended Books:
Company, Baltimore.
88
SURGERY CLINIC-III 2 (0-2)
Learning outcomes:
1. Control and handle different animals for the purpose of surgical
manipulations.
2. Manage treatment of animals brought to the Surgery clinic.
3. Prepare animals for surgical operations.
4. Manage pre-operative and post-operative requirements of individual
patients.
5. Manage and feed admitted cases.
Clinic:
Management and treatment of burn wounds, Antibiotics, Analgesics, Anti-
inflammatory drugs used in surgery, Lameness in large animals, Nerve block,
regional and local anaesthesia in clinical cases, Use of firing and counter
irritants in veterinary practices, Induction and maintenance of general
anaesthesia in field conditions, Surgical management of horn, hoof and tail
affections, Teat surgery (instruments, techniques and complications), Castration
of large animals, Visits to animal farms and hospitals.
Recommended Books:
1. Crow, S. E. and S. O. Walshaw, 1997. Manual of Clinical Procedures in the
Dog, Cat and Rabbit. 2nd Ed. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, USA.
London, UK.
3. Kirk, R. W., S. I. Bistner and R. B. Ford, 1985. Kirk and Bisner's Handbook
of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 6th Ed. W.B.
4. Oehme, F.W. and I. E. Prier, 1998. Text book of Large Animal Surgery. 2nd
Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, London, UK.
THERIOGENOLOGY CLINIC - III 2 (0-2)

Learning outcomes:
1. Explain the procedures of Artificial Insemination and their application.
2. Elaborate the use of ultrasonography in reproductive management.
3. Describe and demonstrate; how to handle reproductive disorders.
Clinic:
Approaches to diagnose and record reproductive disorders in clinical cases,
Different methods of artificial insemination (AI) in domestic animals, Semen
handling and structure of liquid nitrogen container, Thawing of frozen semen,
Preparation of AI gun, Pre-requisites for AI procedure, Determination of time of
insemination, Method of AI rod & AI gun passing in the female reproductive tract
on table and in live animals, Clinical application of hormones in different
89
reproductive disorders, Ultrasonography in domestic animals, Synchronization
for reproductive management in domestic animals, Causes and management of
repeat breeding, Diagnosis causes of anestrus, prolapse and its management,
Uterine sample collection for culture sensitivity and endometrial biopsy,
Diagnosis and prevention of abortion.
Recommended Books:
3. Kahn, W., D. Wolkmann, and R.M. Kenney, 1994. Veterinary Reproductive
Ultrasonography, Mosby-Wolfe, London
SEMESTER IX
ANIMAL WELFARE AND ETHICS 2 (2-0)
Learning outcomes:
1. Enumerate international and national organizations working for animal
welfare
2. Describe challenges of captive animals
3. Elaborate regulations, policies and principles governing care and use
of laboratory animals
4. Describe various hazards affecting welfare of animals
Theory:
Care and welfare of different animal species, National / Provincial Legislation
for Animal Welfare, Regulations, policies and principles governing the care and
use of animals, Code of practice for domestic poultry, farm, captive, laboratory
and companion animals, Hazards (Natural and Man-made) affecting the welfare
of animals and their management, Difference between hazard and disaster,
Ethics, Animal Welfare Organizations like Society for Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals (SPCA), Challenges to Zoo and animal welfare, Setting Standards for
Evaluating of captive Facilities.
Textbook:
1. Fraser, D., 2008. Understanding Animal Welfare: The Science in its Cultural
Context. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3695-2 Wiley-Blackwell.
Recommended Books:
1. NAP, 1996 Guide for the care and use of Laboratory Animals, National
Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
2. Anonymous, 2014. Animal Welfare Act, Government of the Punjab.
(www.punjab.gov.pk)
3. Clark. J. D, Baldwin, K. A., Bayne, M. J. Brown, G. F., Gebhart, J. C. Gonder,
J. K. Gwathmey, M. E. Keeling, D. F. Kohn, J. W. Robb, O. A. Smith, W. J.
90
White, 1996. Guide for the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals.
National Research Council, National Academic Press, Washington, D. C. 6th
edition.
DAIRY TECHNOLOGY 2 (1-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe composition and properties of milk
2. Describe processes involved in production, collection, transportation,
processing and marketing of milk and milk products
Theory:
Mammary system, synthesis of milk, milk composition, milk let down and its
inhibition, factors affecting milk production and composition, biotechnology and
enhanced milk production, hand and machine milking, physical and chemical
properties of milk, hygienic milk production, collection and transportation,
processing and marketing of milk, cooling, homogenization and standardization,
manufacturing of dairy products (yoghurt, butter, ghee, whey, cheese, etc.),
planning, layout and management of dairy plant.
Practical:
Demonstration of milk let down, measures for hygienic milk production, manual
and machine milking practice, physical and chemical analysis of milk, cleaning
and sanitizing of barns, collection, cooling, tenderization, homogenization,
pasteurization and UHT practices, economics of milk production and
processing, visit to milk processing plants.
Textbook:
1. Walstra, P., 2005. Dairy Technology; Principles of Milk Properties and
Processes. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Bath, D.L, F.N. Dickenson and H.A. Tucker, 1985. Dairy Cattle; Principles,
Practices, Problems, Profits. Lea & fabiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
2. Davis, J.G., 1994. Milk testing. Agro-Botanical. Publications, India.
3. Larson, B.L., 1985. Lactation. The lowa State University Press. Lowa.
4. Schmidt, G.H., L.D. Van Vlk and M.F. Hutjens, 1988. Principles of Dairy
Science. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey, U.S.A.
POULTRY PATHOLOGY 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Diagnose poultry diseases
2. Describe gross and microscopic pathology of different poultry diseases
3. Explain relationship of environment and nutrition with disease
91
Theory:
Pathology of various viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal and nutritional diseases;
environmental and managerial problems, intoxications.
Practical:
Hands-on practice on postmortem of poultry, common laboratory tests in poultry
disease diagnosis, investigation of field outbreaks of disease, visits to poultry
farms, hatcheries, research institutes and disease diagnostic laboratories.
Textbook:
1. Saif, Y.M., H. J. Barnes, J.R. Glisson, A.M. Fadly, L.R. McDougold, D.E.
Swayne, 2003. Diseases of Poultry. 11th Ed., Iowa State University Press,
Ames, Iowa, USA.
Recommended Books:
1. Randall, C. J., 1987. A Colour Atlas of Diseases of the Domestic Fowl and
Turkey. ELBS/Wolfe Medical Publications London.
2. AAAP, 2000. Whiteman and Bickford’s Avian Disease Manual 5th Ed., The
American Association of Avian Pathologists, University of Georgia, USA.
LARGE ANIMAL SURGERY AND SHOEING 3 (2-1)

Learning outcomes:
1. Surgically correct problems encountered in large animal practice
2. Perform foot care and hoof management
3. Describe and perform procedures of corrective shoeing.
Theory:
Scope of large animal surgery, Surgical affections of head, neck, ear, eye, teeth,
thorax, claws, horn, tail, teats and udder of large animals. Affections: musculo-
skeletal, digestive, urinary, male and female genital systems, integumentary
system, Surgical management of colic, history and basic terms in shoeing; the
horseshoe and shoe-nails, Hot and cold shoeing, Injuries caused by farrier,
shoes, and nails, Affections of the foot, fore and hind limbs and corrective
shoeing, blemishes and vices in animals, Dentition of large animals, Soundness.
Practical:
Ectropion, entropion and enucleation of eyeball, Ectropion, Various tenectomies
and tendon repair and neurectomy, Temporary and Permanent Tracheotomy,
and laryngeal diverticulectomy procedure, Oesophagotomy procedure,
Oesophagotomy, practical demonstration, Rumenotomy procedure, Castration
of farm animals and equine, Penile amputation, Methods of disbudding and
dehorning and tail docking in cattle and buffaloes, Shoeing tools, Types of shoes
and nails, Hot Shoe preparation, Application of shoes (removal of shoe,
preparation of foot), Practices in determination of age from teeth, Soundness
certificate writing.
92
Textbook:
1. Jennings. Jr. P. B., 1984. The Practice of Large Animal Surgery. W.B.
Recommended Books:
1. Stashak, T. S. 1987. Adams’ Lameness in Horses. 4th Ed. Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, USA.
2. Venugopalan. A., 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery 8th Ed. Oxford and
IBH Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India.
3. Auer. J.A., 1999. Equine surgery. 2nd Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
USA.
4. Colahan, P. T., I. G. Mayhew, A. M. Merritt and J. N. Moore, 1999. Equine
Medicine and Surgery. 5th Ed. (Vol. 1 & 2). Mosby, Philadelphia. USA.
5. Turner, A.S. and C. W. Mcllwraith, 1989. Techniques in Large Animal
Surgery. 2nd Ed. Lea & Febiger Philadelphia, USA.
6. Tyagi, R. P. S. and L. Singh, 1993. Ruminant Surgery. C.B.S. Publishers
and Distributors, New Delhi, India.
7. Greenough, P. R., F. J. MacCallum and A. D. Weaver, 1997. Lameness in
Cattle. 3rd Ed. Wright and Sons. Bristol, UK.
8. Pollitt, C. C., 1995. Colour Atlas of the Horse's Foot. Mosby-Wolfe, London,
UK.
9. Emery, L., J. Miller and N. V. Vanhoosen, 1977. Horseshoeing Theory and
Hoof Care. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
MEDICINE CLINIC-IV 2 (0-2)

Learning outcomes:
1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the clinical manifestations,
diagnostic procedures, methods of treatment and typical pathologic
abnormalities for common diseases of small and large animals.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of regulatory laws pertaining to the veterinary
profession and handling of Vetrolegal cases.
3. Use radiographic and ultrasonography techniques in diseased diagnosis.
4. Demonstrate effective oral and written communication skills with
veterinarians, animal health technicians, staff and the general public.
5. Develop and apply diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for common
problems identified from the clinical evaluation of the animal.
6. Demonstrate role of Veterinarian in natural calamities and Veterinary
disaster preparedness.
7. Exhibit altruism, integrity, honesty, responsibility, and compassion in the
delivery of high quality animal healthcare
8. Develop core competencies in clinical case recording through
independent case handling.
Clinic:
Practice of differential diagnosis of diseases with similar clinical signs, Cow
signals (Body condition scoring, Udder scoring, Hoof scoring, Rumen scoring,
93
Fecal scoring, Gait scoring etc.), Biosecurity of livestock farms, Ultrasonography
and Endoscopy, Training in ambulatory veterinary practice, Handling of
Veterolegal cases, Role of Veterinarian in natural calamities and Veterinary
disaster preparedness (flood, earthquakes, release of gases, radiations,
drought and nuclear disaster), Professional films, World Trade Organization
(WTO), Veterinarian’s responsibility in preventing drugs residues in foods of
animal origin, Veterinary profession interactions with health authorities, drug
and food regulatory authorities, zoo/animal welfare organizations and civil
administration, Social conduct and personality profile in management of clinical
practice, Use of animals in research and training, Euthanasia, Assignment of
indoor cases and maintaining their complete records, Independent handling,
diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases, Recording of minimum 15 cases under
the supervision of teacher and making a presentation after consulting veterinary
information resources like journals, books and internet. Study tours to livestock
farms, Zoo/Wildlife Parks and Veterinary Hospitals.
Recommended Books:
Company, Baltimore.
SURGERY CLINIC-IV 2 (0-2)

Learning outcomes:
1. Control and handle different animals for the purpose of surgical
manipulations
2. Treat different animals brought for treatment
3. Deal with the clients.
4. Handle indoor and outdoor cases.
Clinic:
Handling surgical emergency cases, Fluid replacement therapy and blood
transfusion in animals, Practice of passing stomach tube and stomach lavage,
Back-racking, rectal palpation, Surgical management of choking, colic and grain
overload, Management of urine retention cases, Application of plaster casts,
Use of radiography and ultrasound as diagnostic tools, Group discussion on
94
cases received at the clinics and case presentations, Independent handling of
surgical cases.
Recommended Books:
1. Speirs, V. C. and R. H. Wrigley, 1997. Clinical Examination of Horses. W.
2. White II, N. A. and J. N. Moore, 1997. Current Techniques in Equine
Surgery and Lameness, 2nd Ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
3. Stashak, T. S. 1987. Adams’ Lameness in Horses. 4th Ed. Lea and Febiger.
Philadelphia, USA.
4. Colahan, P. T., I.G. Mayhew, A. M. Merritt and J. N. Moore, 1999. Equine
Medicine and Surgery, 5th Ed. (Vol. l & 2) Mosby, Philadelphia, USA.
5. Pollitt, C. C., 1995. Colour Atlas of the Horse's Foot. Mosby-Wolfe,
Philadelphia, USA.
6. Kelly, W. R., 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed. Bailliere Tindall,
London, UK.
THERIOGENOLOGY CLINIC - IV 2 (0-2)

Learning outcomes:
1. Explain the basics of reproductive management in dairy herds.
2. Demonstrate the handling of pre and post-partum reproductive
disorders.
3. Establish the comprehension of better conception rate by managing
infertility issues.
Clinic:
Systematic procedure for conducting clinical examination of female genitalia,
evaluation of history (method, relevancy etc.), AI/breeding plans in multilevel
dairy enterprises, AI procedures, practices etc. to increase pregnancy rate
through AI in dairy herds, Synchronization programs in dairy herds, Diagnosis
and treatment of uterine infections, Prevention and management of vaginal &
uterine prolapse, Causes, prevention and management of retained placenta,
Induction of parturition/abortion in farm animals, Cystic ovarian degeneration,
Use of ultrasonography in reproductive management, Determination of
gestation age in domestic animals, Methodologies to decrease calving interval,
Reproductive management in canines (breeding time, semen evaluation),
Dystocia management and post-partum care, Collection and examination of
preputial samples of bulls.
Recommended Books:
3. Kahn, W., D. Wolkmann, and R.M. Kenney, 1994. Veterinary Reproductive
Ultrasonography, Mosby-Wolfe, London.
95
SEMESTER X
ENGLISH-III (TECHNICAL WRITING AND PRESENTATION
SKILLS) 2 (2-0)
Learning outcomes:
1. Write well organized academic text e.g. assignments, examination
answers
2. Write narrative, descriptive, argumentative essays and reports
(assignments)
3. Write research/term papers
Theory:
Presentation skills; essay writing, descriptive, narrative, discursive,
argumentative, academic writing, how to write a proposal for research
paper/term paper, how to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style,
content, language, form, clarity, consistency), technical report writing, progress
report writing.
Recommended Books:
1. White, R. 1992. Writing. Advanced, Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third
Impression.
2. Langan, J., 2004. College Writing Skills. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
3. Kirszner, L.G. and S.R. Mandell. Patterns of College Writing (4th edition),
St. Martin’s Press.
4. Neulib, J., K.S.Cain, S. Ruffus, and M. Scharton (Ed.). The Mercury
Reader. A Custom Publication. Compiled by Norther Illinois University
LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

2 (2-0)
Learning outcomes:
1. Describe role of livestock in national economy
2. Design feasibility studies for livestock and related businesses
3. Describe salient international trade laws, regulations and alliance
Scope & definition of economics, growth and economic development, national
income accounting GDP, GNP, NNP, demand & supply, share of livestock,
poultry and dairy industry in Pakistani economy, financial and economic analysis
of agro livestock business, feasibilities for livestock poultry and related
businesses, livestock & poultry products market and functions, dairy marketing
systems, poultry feed industry, whole sale and distribution & marketing of eggs
and broilers, channels for value addition of livestock and poultry product,
business & entrepreneurship, types of businesses, business cycle, new venture
planning, management & organization, types of managers, small business role,
project cycle and stages, evaluation of development project & management,
96
definition, nature & scope of marketing, product planning, development &
marketing patents trade mark, market segmentation, marketing mix and four Ps
of marketing, advertising, sales promotion strategy, supply chain management,
brands, services marketing, companies, micro & macro environments, trade, law
of comparative and absolute advantage- international trade and barrier, trade
agreements, alliance, international economic integration and cooperation., WTO
liberalization and international trade.
Recommended Books:
1. Nickels G.W., McHugh M.J. and McHugh Susan. Understanding Business.
7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Reference Books:
1. Koontz H., Cannice M.V. and Weihrich H. Management A global and
entrepreneurial perspective 12th Edition.
2. Downey, W.D. & S.P. Enieson, 1998. Agricultural Business Management,
McGraw-Hill Book Co; Singapore.
3. Terry G.R. and Franklin, 1992. Principles of Management, Interstate
Printers and publishers, Illinois, U.S.A.
4. Ahmad, B., M. Ahmad, and M.A. Chaudhry, 1996. Economics of Livestock
production and Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan.
INTERNSHIP. As specified by PVMC Regulations from time to time.
97
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CURRICULUM

DOCTOR OF VETERINERY MEDICINE

HIG HER ISSION

HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION

Prof. Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Chairman, HEC

Mr. Fida Hussain Director General (Acad)

Ms. Ghayyur Fatima Director (Curri)

Mr. Rizwan Shoukat Deputy Director (Curri)

Mr. Abid Wahab Assistant Director (Curri)

Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque Assistant Director (Curri)

Composed by: Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, HEC, Islamabad

University Grants Commission (UGC) was designated as the competent

In compliance with the above provisions, the Curriculum Division of HEC

In order to impart quality education which is at par with international standards,

It is hoped that this curriculum document, prepared by the respective NCRC’s,

STAGE-I STAGE-II STAGE-III STAGE-IV

CURRI. UNDER CURRI. IN DRAFT FINAL STAGE FOLLOW UP

COLLECTION OF APPRAISAL OF 1ST PREP. OF FINAL QUESTIONNAIRE

CONS. OF CRC. FINALIZATION OF INCORPORATION OF COMMENTS

PREP. OF DRAFT APPROVAL OF PRINTING OF REVIEW

Abbreviations Used: IMPLE.OF CURRI. BACK TO STAGE-I

2. Dr. Muhammad Arshad Member

3. Dr. Maqbool A. Memon Member

4. Dr. Noor Muhammad Soomro Member

5. Dr. Subhan Qureshi Member

6. Dr. Akbar Ali Soomro Member

7. Prof. Dr. Ghulam Hussain Jaffar, Member

9. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan Member

10. Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani, Member

11. Prof. Khalid Javed, Member

12. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, Member

13. Prof. Zafar Iqbal Randhava, Member

17. Prof. Safdar Anjum, Member

18. Prof. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar, Member

19. Dr. Muhammad Ramzan, Member

19. Dr. Masood Akhtar, Member

20. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, Member

21. Dr. M. Razak Karar, Member

22. Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq, Member

24. Dr. Kamran Ashraf, Member

25. Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman, Member

26. Mr. Muhammad Imran, Member

27. Dr. Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro, Member

28. Dr. Mushtaq Asif, Member

29. Dr. Tofique Ahmed Qureshi, Member

30. Dr. Hafsa Zainab, Secretary

1. The subject committees will be sent a copy of OIE recommendations to be

Additionally, various veterinary institutes are encouraged to identify more

13. Exercise of curriculum revision will be completed in coordination with HEC.

14. The committee will communicate with HEC to achieve an understanding

The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks by Prof Dr Laeeq A Lodhi

1 ANAT Veterinary Anatomy – I 3 (1-2)

1 ANAT Veterinary Anatomy – II 3 (1-2)

1 NUTR Principles of Animal Nutrition 3(2-1)

1 NUTR Livestock Feed Resources and Forage 3(2-1)

1 NUTR Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology 2(1-1)

1 EPID Zoonoses and Food Safety 3 (2-1)

1 LPRO Beef and Mutton Production 2(1-1)