Basic Grammar Assignment

PAST TENSE

Arranged by :

Nurul Haq Muhlisa (A1M220057)

Pujawati (A1M220059)
Rama Samtama Putra (A1M220061)
Romansa (A1M220063)
Siti Munawar (A1M220067)

Faculty of teacher training and education

English education department
Haluoleo university
Kendari
2021
 Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................3
Simple Past Tense................................................................................................................................4
A. Simple past tense definition......................................................................................................4
B. Simple Past Tense formula.......................................................................................................4
C. Time signals..............................................................................................................................5
Past Continuous Tense........................................................................................................................6
A. Affirmative Sentence................................................................................................................6
B. Negative Sentence....................................................................................................................6
C. Interrogative Sentence..............................................................................................................6
D. Usage of past continuous tense.................................................................................................6
Past Perfect Tense................................................................................................................................7
A. Definition of Past Perfect Tense...............................................................................................7
B. Past perfect tense formula.........................................................................................................8
C. Adverb of Time.........................................................................................................................8
D. Use of the Past Perfect Tense....................................................................................................8
E. Examples of Past Perfect Tense Questions...............................................................................9
Past Perfect Continuous Tense.........................................................................................................10
A. Definition................................................................................................................................10
B. Formula...................................................................................................................................10
C. Sentence Functions and Examples..........................................................................................11
Sources...............................................................................................................................................11
 Preface

Thank to the Almighty God for bless and grace to us for accomplishing the basic
grammar paper assignment with the title “Past Tense”. We also want to deliver our sincere to
all the people who has given their hands to help us in completing this paper. This paper
provides explanations about past tense. It is included simple past tense, past continuous tense,
past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense.
This paper is a requirement to fulfill the assignment from Mr. Drs. Rohmana, M.Hum.
and Ms. Anugrah Puspita Ayu, S,Pd., M.Pd. We also thank them for all the guidance to
complete it. Although this paper has many deficiencies in the arrangement and explanation,
we hope that this paper may help the reader to learn about past tense and hopefully this paper
can be used as a reference to learn about past tense.

Kendari, the 27th of March, 2021

 Simple Past Tense
A. Simple past tense definition
Simple past tense is a tense sentence used to express events that occurred in the past
and have ended in the past. In contrast to the past continuous tense, which states events
that occurred in the past, but are still happening in the present.
B. Simple Past Tense formula
S + V2 + O
S = subject
V2= verb 2
O = object
In the simple past tense, the verb used is the second form of the verb. There are two
types of verbs, namely regular verbs and irregular verbs. For regular verbs, add -ed / -d
after the first form verb. As an example:
- Plan = planned
- Walk = walked
- Pull = pulled
- Cry = cried
- Study = studied
For irregular verbs, including these, the verb form is very different. As an example:
- Make = made
-Go = went
-Know = knew
-Say = said
-See = saw
1. Affirmative sentence
a) Nominal affirmative sentence
Subject + to be (was/were) + Adjective/complement
b) Verbal affirmative sentence
Subject + V2 + O
Examp. I studied English last night

2. Negative sentence
a) Nominal negative sentence
Subject + to be (was/were) + not + Adjective/complement
Examples:
 I was not so young
 She was not in Brooklyn yesterday
 It was not amazing
 b) Verbal negative sentence
Subject + Did + not + V1
Examp. I didn’t study English last night
3. Interrogative sentence
To be (was/were) + subject + adjective/complement + ?
a) Nominal interrogative sentence
Examples :
 Were you so young?
 Were we in bali last month?
 Were they so happy last night?
b) Verbal interrogative sentence
Did + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Example : Did you study English last night?
C. Time signals
This time signal makes it easy for us to know whether the sentence has happened or
is happening
The time signal that is usually used is:
-often -an hour ago
-Yesterday -a few days ago
-just now -two days ago
-last night,last week, last month, last year - a week ago, a month ago, etc.
 Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense shows that some action remained continued in the past. The first
form of the verb is used with the addition of ing is used. “was, were” are the helping verbs of
this tense. “was” is used with the singulars such as I, she, he, it. “were” is used with plural.
Like we, you, they, and other plural nouns.
Past Continuous describes an action that lasted until a certain time in the past. this
emphasis is used of a conversation about an action at a specific time in the past. in other
words, the past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing (unfinished) or incomplete
activities that occurred in the past (an unfinished or incomplete action in the past).
A. Affirmative Sentence
Firstly 1st form of the verb is used in addition to ( ing). Or we can say that the fourth
form of the verb is used. 1st form of verb + ing also known as the fourth form of a verb.
Secondly “was, were” are used according to the subject.
Formation : Sub+helping verb(was/were)+V1+ing+object.
Examples :
 You were waiting for me.
 Sun was shining.
 He was running.
B. Negative Sentence
When we have to make negative sentences of past continuous tense, we use not after
helping verb.
Formation : Subject+helping verb( was/were)+Not+V1+ing+object.
Examples :
 You were not waiting for me.
 Sun was not shining.
 He was not running.
C. Interrogative Sentence
In the case of interrogative sentences, the helping verb (was, were) is placed at the start of
the sentence. And a question mark is added at the end.
Formation : Was/Were+Subject+V1+ing+object+?
Examples :
 Was it raining?
 Were you singing a song?
 Were they sewing the clothes?
D. Usage of past continuous tense
Past Continuous is often used to describe an activity that is ongoing in the past and is
stopped by other activities in the past. In a sentence we usually use the word "when" to
connect between two sentences.
1. Specific time as an interruption
We use Past Continuous when talking about actions or situations that lasted for some
time in the past, and that duration is either unknown or insignificant.
e.g. “She was watching TV yesterday in the evening”. It means that the subject “she”
was watching TV but there is no significant time or duration that describes how long
the she was doing it
2. Parallel actions
We also use this tense to talk about two or more activities that occur at the same time.
we usually use the word "While" to connect two sentences.
e.g. “I was watching TV while Barbara was reading a book”
3. Polite questions
If we want to ask polite questions, we can use Past Continuous.
e.g. :
- I was wondering if you could open the window. I was wondering if you could
open the window.
- I was thinking you might help me with this problem. I thought you could help
me with this problem
Even though sentences have a Past Continuous form, they refer to current activities.
Their meaning is similar to the sentence "" could you "", but they are more polite.
4. Repetition with “always”
we can also express repetition of something in the past.
e.g. “She was always coming late for dinner”
5. To express about changes in thoughts / plans.
e.g. “I was going to spend the day at the beach but I’ve decided to get my homework
done instead.”
 Past Perfect Tense
A. Definition of Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is a tense which states an event that has occurred in the past and
also finished in the past. It can also be used to state an event that occurred in the past
before other events (in the past too) occurred.
B. Past perfect tense formula
Basically, the past perfect tense comes from the simple past + present perfect tense. If
the present perfect tense uses the keyword have / has, in the past perfect tense the
keyword is had (past tense have / has) and the verb used is V3. Auxiliary verb "had"
which is used for both singular subject and plural subject. Here is the form of the
formula:

(+
Subject + had + verb 3
)

(-) Subject + had + not + verb 3

(?) had + Subject + verb 3

Example of sentences:
- When i arrived at the party, Rachel had already gone home
(Ketika saya tiba di pesta, Rachel sudah pulang)
- I was not hungry. I had just had lunch (Saya tidak lapar, saya sudah makan
siang)
- Had they eaten? (Apakah mereka sudah makan)
C. Adverb of Time
The time adverb used in the past perfect tense are:
- Before: Sebelum
- After: Sesudah
- When: Ketika
- Until: Hingga
- Just: Baru saja
- As soon as: Secepatnya
- By thetime: Pada saat itu

Example of sentences:
 She had studied English before she moved to Singapore
(Dia belajar Bahasa Inggris sebelum pindah ke Singapura)
D. Use of the Past Perfect Tense
1. State an event that occurred in the past before another event occurred
Example of sentences:
- You had studied Indonesian beforeyoumovedtoJakarta (Kamu mempelajari
Bahasa Indonesia sebelum pindah ke Jakarta)
- He got bad scoreatmathbecause he had not studiedenough. (Dia mendapat nilai
yang jelek pada matematika karena dia tidak belajar)
- When I camehomelastnight, she had alreadyslept(Ketika saya pulang ke rumah
tadi malam, dia sudah tidur)
2. Declare an event that occurred before a certain time in the past
Example of sentences:
- I had fallen asleep before nine o’clock (Saya sudah tidur sebelum jam 9 malam)
- My dad had established his company before 1995 (Ayah saya sudah mendirikan
perusahaannya sebelum tahun 1995)
- She had never cooked until last month (Dia belum pernah memasak sampai
bulan lalu
3. Stating how often an event occurred in the past
Example of sentences :
- I had read this book twice before my sister borrowed it (Saya sudah membaca
buku ini dua kali sebelum adik saya meminjamnya)
- He had applied job vacancies many times(Dia sudah melamar lowongan
pekerjaan berkali-kali)
4. Declare a news (reported text) that we have never heard before, and this news is
conveyed by other people.
Example of sentences :
- My dad said that Andi had washed the car (Ayahku berkata bahwa Andi sudah
mencuci mobil)
5. State an answer that comes from a simple past question.
Example of sentences:
- Why did Wendy go to Canada? (Mengapa Wendy pergi ke Kanada?)
Because she had never been there before (Karea dia belum pernah pergi ke sana)

E. Examples of Past Perfect Tense Questions

The practice for the past perfect tense here is taken from various modules in the Edutore
collection. You can also access many books on the latest English questions just like
books on Gramedia by subscribing to Edutore.
Theme: Tenses (Past Perfect Tense)
1. We arrived at the cinema late. The film. . . .
A. Have already begin
B. has already begun
C. had already began
D. had already begun
Discussion:
This sentence means We are late arriving at he cinema. The film has started. ”And
this event happened in the past / past tense (we arrived). So, the correct verb and the
past perfect form to complete the sentence is ‘had already begun’.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Definition
Understanding the tense is mandatory if you want to master English. One of the
tense forms that you should understand is the Past Perfect Continuous Tense, which is a
form of the verb used when expressing an action that has been completed at a certain
point in time in the past. Actions that are declared have a specific time duration. Simply
put, this tense is used to express an event that has started and is taking place in the past,
but is not happening now.
B. Formula
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is formed with the auxiliary verb had and been
and the present participle. The following is the Past Perfect Continuous Tense formula
that can be used as your guide in making a sentence.
- Positive sentence: Subject + had + been + V1-ing / present participle
- Negative sentence: Subject + had + not + been + V1-ing / present participle
- Question sentence: Had + subject + been + V1-ing / present participle +?
C. Sentence Functions and Examples
Past Perfect Continuous Tense has three functions, namely:
1. To recount events that have occurred and are ongoing in the past to a certain point in
time in the past as well
Example: “When the kids came, their mom had been waiting for three hours”
This sentence describes an incident in the past, which tells that when the children
arrived, the mother had been waiting for three hours. The activity of waiting for the
mother had started before the children came, and had also been completed in the
past.
2. As a conditional sentence type III
Example: “If it had been raining, I would have stayed in the office until midnight”
The sentence above states a supposition about things that did not happen, or as if we
imagined it happened.
3. Indirect speech
Example:
Direct speech: "He was playing piano"
Indirect speech: He said that he had been playing piano
The sentence above states an indirect sentence uttered by someone to tell the
activities of another person.
 Sources
Sources by :
https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/belajar-grammar/simple-past-tense/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CApPEgntWag
https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/past-continuous-tense
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/past-continuous-tense/
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/past-perfect
tense/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjIpN_G6MfvAhWWbX0KHesgDjsQtwIwHnoECCIQAg&u
sg=AOvVaw0cLjCDgVDoiLewOthzIdyY&ampcf=1

https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/belajar-grammar/past-perfect-continuous-tense/