LESSON 2:

REVIEW OF LINEAR EQUATION

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

▪ Solve linear equations;

▪ Graph the solution of linear equations; and

▪ Solve problems involving a system of linear equations.

Time Duration: 2.5 hours

Linear Equation
A linear equation is made up of two expressions set equal to each other. It has
one or two variables which describe a relationship in which the value of one of the
variables depends on the value of the other variable
When you solved for the pairs of values that make the linear equation true and
plot those values on a coordinate grid, all of the points of any equation lie on the same
line. Linear equations graph as straight lines.

Examples of linear equations are shown below:

y = 2x + 1 5x = 6 + 3y x+ 2y = 6

Graph of a Linear Equation

The graph of the linear equation is a set of points in the coordinate plane and
considered solutions to the equation. If all variables represent real numbers, one
can graph the equation by plotting and connect the points to create a line.
To graph a linear equation, you have to find the x-intercept (y=0) and the y-
intercept (x=0) of the given equation. This is done by setting one of the variables
to zero and solving for the other variable.

Let us now graph the following linear equations,

Example 1 :

x + 2y = 6

Step 1. Solve for the x-intercept. This is done by setting the y variable to zero.

Let y = 0; x + 2y = 6
x + 2(0) = 6
x = 6

Step 2. Solve for the y-intercept. This is done by setting the x variable to zero.

Let x = 0; x + 2y = 6
0 + 2y = 6
2y = 6 divide both sides of the equation by 2 to solve
the value of y
y = 3
Therefore, x – intercept (6, 0) y- intercept (0,3)
Step 3. Plot the x-and y-intercepts on the rectangular coordinate plane.

3
x + 2y = 6

0
0 2 4 6 8

Example 2 :

3x + 2y = 12

Step 1. Solve for the x-intercept. This is done by setting the y variable to zero.
Let y = 0;
3x + 2y = 12
3x + 2(0) = 6
3x = 12 divide both sides of the equation by 3 to
x = 4 solve the value of x

Step 2. Solve for the y-intercept. This is done by setting the x variable to zero.

Let x = 0; 3x + 2y = 12
3(0) + 2y = 12 divide both sides of the equation by 2 to
2y = 12 solve the value of y
y = 6

Therefore, x – intercept ( 4, 0) y- intercept( 0,6)

 Step 3. Plot the x-and y-intercepts on the rectangular coordinate plane.

8
7
6 (0,6) 3x + 2y = 12
5
4
3
2
1
0 (4,0)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Example 3 :

x - 2y = 8

Step 1. Solve for the x-intercept. This is done by setting the y variable to zero.
Let y = 0;
x - 2y = 8
x + 2(0) = 8
x = 8
x = 8

Step 2. Solve for the y-intercept. This is done by setting the x variable to zero.

Let x = 0;
x - 2y = 8
0 - 2y = 8 divide both sides of the equation by -2 to
- 2y = 8 solve the value of y
y = -4

Therefore, x – intercept ( 8, 0) y- intercept( 0, -4)

Step 3. Plot the x-and y-intercepts on the rectangular coordinate plane.

0 (8,0)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1

-2

-3

-4 (0,-4)
x - 2y = 8
-5
Graphical Solution of a System of Linear Equations
A system of linear equations is a set of 2 equations with 2 unknowns that must
be solved simultaneously so that the solutions are true in both equations.
To solve it graphically, draw the graph of both equations in the same coordinate
system. The point of The solution to the system is the point of intersection of both
lines.

Example 4 :

Linear Equation (1) 3x + 2y = 12

Linear Equation (2) x + 2y = 6

Step 1. Solve for the x- and y- intercepts of Linear Equation(1)

3x + 2y = 12 3x + 2y = 12
3x + 2(0) = 12 3(0) + 2y = 12
3x = 12 2y = 12
x = 4 y = 6

Therefore, ordered pairs of LE(1) → (4,0) and (0,6)

Step 2. Solve for the x- and y-intercepts of Linear Equation(2)

x + 2y = 6
x + 2(0) = 6
x = 6

Therefore, ordered pairs of LE(2) → (6,0) and (0,3)

Step 3. Plot the x- and y-intercepts of both equations in the coordinate system.

6 (0,6) 3x + 2y = 12
5

3 (0,3)

2 (2,2)

1 x + 2y = 6

0 (4,0) (6,0)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Step 4. Solve for the point of intersection using the method of elimination by
substitution and elimination by addition or subtraction.

Using elimination by subtraction to eliminate y:

3x + 2y = 12
-
x + 2y = 6

2x = 6
x = 3

Then substitute the value of x to any of the given linear equations.

Using Linear Equation (2)
x + 2y = 6
3 + 2y = 6
2y = 6-3
2y = 3
y = 1.5

Therefore, the point of intersection of the two given linear equations is (3,1.5)
 APPLICATION ACTIVITY FOR LESSON 2

HOW DO YOU APPLY

WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED?

Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________

Course & Section: ________________________ Result: __________________

Graph each of the following linear equations in a coordinate plane.

1. 2x + 4y = 12

2. 2x – 2y =24
3. x+y=3
4x – y = 12

4. 5x + 4y = 20
3x + y = 6