17F41A0589 VIRTUAL MACHINES ON VIRTUALBOX

Abstract

A Virtual Machine can support individual processes or a complete system

depending on the abstraction level where virtualization occurs.
Some VMs support flexible hardware usage and software isolation, while others
translate from one instruction set to another

Build your own virtual environment from scratch using VirtualBox Overview
Learn how to install, configure, and manage

VirtualBox A step-by-step guide which will teach you how to build your own
virtual environment from scratch discover advanced features of VirtualBox in detail
Oracle VM VirtualBox is an open source, cross-platform virtualization software gives
you the ability to install and run multiple operating system on your computer in a
virtual environment without distributing the host OS.

VirtualBox helps you to create a completely isolated virtual environment and

therefore prevents viruses, malware, or any other kinds of threads spreading from the
guest-to-host machine.

Getting Started with Oracle VM VirtualBox is a step-by-step guide designed to

help you understand the concepts of virtualization and start running. VirtualBox on
your system.

How they work??

VirtualBox on your desktop and create a guest virtual machine Discover advanced
features like snapshot, Clone, and VM Group install oracle enterprise Linux 6.0 as a
guest OS explore the different networking techniques available in VirtualBox
Approach A step-by-step guide that will show you how to install

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Oracle VM VirtualBox is cross-platform virtualization software that allows users to

extend their existing computer to run multiple operating systems at the same time. Designed
for IT professionals and developers, Oracle VM VirtualBox runs on Microsoft Windows,
Mac OS X, Linux, and Oracle Solaris systems and is ideal for testing, developing,
demonstrating, and deploying solutions across multiple platforms on one machine.
Oracle VM VirtualBox has been designed to take advantage of the innovations
introduced in the x86 hardware platform, and it is lightweight and easy to install and use. Yet
under the simple exterior lies an extremely fast and powerful virtualization engine. With a
well-earned reputation for speed and agility, Oracle VM VirtualBox contains innovative
features to deliver tangible business benefits: excellent performance; a powerful virtualization
system; and a wide range of supported guest operating system platforms.

Oracle VM VirtualBox is a bridge to open source and cloud development. The latest 6.0
release allows users to create and deploy virtual machines nearly everywhere, upload to the
cloud, download from the cloud, and review and make changes offline.

With thousands of downloads each day, Oracle VM VirtualBox is the world’s most
popular free and open source, cross-platform virtualization software, based on vibrant
community participation combined with world-class development and support supplied by
Oracle.

Oracle VM VirtualBox 6.0 brings a range of useful changes and improvements that
justify a whole integer version increment.
Oracle VM VirtualBox 6.0 simplifies cloud deployment by allowing
developers to create multiplatform environments and to develop applications for Container
and Virtualization technologies within Oracle VM VirtualBox on a single machine. Operating
system and application updates can be done within Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machines
(VMs), and VMs can subsequently be deployed to server virtualization environments such as
Oracle VM Server.

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FIG 1.1: Oracle VM Enterprise

Oracle VM VirtualBox Enterprise is composed of two components: Oracle VM
VirtualBox (main product) and Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack. The following table
summarizes

FIG 1.2: Oracle Virtual Box FIG 1.3: Oracle VM VirtualBox

Extension Pack
Consists of all open sources Binaries are released under the oracle VM
Components and is licensed under the VirtualBox
GNU General Public License
(GPL) Version 2

Oracle VM VirtualBox Enterprise continues to evolve as an ideal choice for a next-

generation development solution.

The latest 6.0 release introduces paravirtualization support for Linux and
Windows virtual machines and support for chi/USB 3.0 devices and new platforms, and it
provides enhanced CPU capabilities and support for bidirectional drag and drop between a
host and its guest virtual machines. It also introduces disk-image encryption and many other
enhancements.

Oracle VM VirtualBox Enterprise provides world-class support for both the base
package and the extension pack and licenses for commercial use of the extension pack.

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1.1 ORACLE VM VIRTUALBOX 6 ENTERPRISE USE CASES

Development Platform for the Cloud

Software developers rely on Oracle VM VirtualBox 6.0 Enterprise for the

development and debugging of their applications in multiple operating systems and
environments on one unique device. Developers can clone a production environment on their
personal desktop/laptop without any impact on the services.

FIG 1.4: Development Platform for the Cloud

1.2 ONE UNIQUE SOLUTION FOR ALL PLATFORMS

Oracle VM VirtualBox 6 Enterprise is the only Desktop Virtualization Solution

available for all x86 platforms, like Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple MAC OS X and
Solaris x86: the same solution on all company platforms.Oracle VM VirtualBox 6 Enterprise
is the cheapest Desktop Virtualization Solution that allows Software QA teams to control
source code, share it within the company and execute software testing on multiple platforms
on one unique device. Oracle VM VirtualBox 6 introduced the support to export VMs to the
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and all the steps required can be managed by the Graphical User
Interface.
By leveraging Oracle Vagrant Boxes, Oracle VM VirtualBox 6 gives you the opportunity to
automate the deployment of your development environments.

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CHAPTER 2
TESTING

Oracle VM VirtualBox 6 Enterprise allows to System Administrator to test patches,

system and software upgrades on an isolated sandbox (VM) on a single device; between the
others, Oracle VM

VirtualBox 6 Enterprise allows to:

 Recreate customer conditions on a laptop/desktop
 Need to replicate customer environment easily even on a laptop/desktop
 Multi-Platforms products can require a lot of hardware due to different
platforms/OS
 Test / Experiment sandboxes
 Preserve customer environments while introducing changes
 Clone VM for parallel test runs
 Revert it to a known good point
 Platform deployment changes
 Test different kernel, library, compiler, product installer versions
 One unique Demo Appliance
 Export VM for reuse or for parallel test runs
 Ability to supply unique-platform demo appliances of products on all platforms
 New hire on-boarding in a safe place

2.1 HOW VIRTUAL MACHINE WORKS

VMs are made possible through virtualization technology. Virtualization uses
software to simulate virtual hardware that allows multiple VMs to run on a single machine.
The physical machine is known as the host while the VMs running on it are called guests.
This process is managed by software known as a hypervisor. The hypervisor is responsible
for managing and provisioning resources—like memory and storage—from the host to

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guests. It also schedules operations in VMs so they don’t overrun each other when using
resources. VMs only work if there is a hypervisor to virtualize and distribute host resources.

2.2 TYPES OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

There are two types of hypervisors used in virtualization.

Type 1 hypervisors
Type 1 hypervisors (also known as bare metal hypervisors) are installed natively on
the underlying physical hardware. VMs interact directly with hosts to allocate hardware
resources without any extra software layers in between.
Host machines running type 1 hypervisors are used only for virtualization. They are often
found in server-based environments like enterprise data centers. Some examples of type 1
hypervisors include Citrix Hypervisor (previously XenServer), VMware vSphere, and
Microsoft Hyper-V.
A separate management tool is needed to handle guest activities like creating new virtual
machine instances or managing permissions.

Type 2 hypervisors
Type 2 hypervisors (also called hosted hypervisors) run on the host computer’s
operating system.
Hosted hypervisors pass VM requests to the host operating system, which then provisions the
appropriate physical resources to each guest. Type 2 hypervisors are slower than their type 1
counterparts as every VM action have to go through the host operating system first.
Unlike bare-metal hypervisors, guest operating systems are not tied to physical hardware.
Users can run VMs and use their computer systems as usual. This makes type 2 hypervisors
suitable for personal users or small businesses that don’t have dedicated servers for
virtualization.

2.3 USE OF VIRTUAL MACHINE

Virtual machines (VM) have become a fixture of many business networks, thanks to
their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. But what’s a VM, and why are they so useful? This
article aims to answer some of your questions about VMs: what’s a virtual machine, who
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makes them, and why they’re so useful. I’ll also address your concerns about the VM
management process, which at first might seem overwhelming but is much easier with a
dedicated software tool.

CHAPTER 3

VIRTUALIZATION

When we describe VirtualBox as a "virtualization" product, we refer to "full

virtualization", that is, the particular kind of virtualization that allows
an unmodified operating system with all of its installed software to run in a special
environment, on top of your existing operating system. This environment, called a "virtual
machine", is created by the virtualization software by intercepting access to certain hardware
components and certain features. The physical computer is then usually called the "host",
while the virtual machine is often called a "guest". Most of the guest code runs unmodified,
directly on the host computer, and the guest operating system "thinks" it's running on real
machine.

This approach, often called "native virtualization", is different from mere emulation.
With that approach, as performed by programs such as  BOCHS, guest code is not allowed to
run directly on the host. Instead, every single machine instruction is translated ("emulated").
While emulators theoretically allow running code written for one type of hardware on
completely different hardware (say, running 64-bit code on 32-bit hardware), they are
typically quite slow. Virtualizes such as VirtualBox, on the other hand, can achieve near-
native performance for the guest code, but can only run guest code that was written for the
same target hardware (such as 32-bit Linux on a 32-bit Windows host).

VirtualBox is also different from so-called "paravirtualization" solutions such as  Xen,

which require that the guest operating system be modified.

There are several scenarios that make virtualization attractive:

 Operating system support: With a virtualize such as VirtualBox, one can run
software written for one operating system on another (say, Windows software on
Linux) without having to reboot.

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 Infrastructure consolidation: Since the full performance of today's computers is

rarely needed full-time, instead of running many such physical computers, one can
"pack" many virtual machines onto a few powerful hosts and balance the loads
between them. This can save a lot of hardware costs: e.g., by consolidating many
servers into a few. VirtualBox is unique on the virtualization market in that it also
allows for consolidating clients onto just a few RDP servers, with full client USB
support, while "thin clients" only need to display RDP data.

 Testing and disaster recovery: Especially with the use of snapshots?, one can mess
with a computing environment by running it as a virtual machine. If something goes
wrong, one can easily switch back to a previous snapshot and avoid the need of
frequent backups and restores.

3.1 HYPER -V

Hyper-V specifically provides hardware virtualization. That means each virtual

machine runs on virtual hardware. Hyper-V lets you create virtual hard drives, virtual
switches, and a number of other virtual devices all of which can be added to virtual machines.

Reasons to use virtualization

Virtualization allows you to:

Run software that requires an older version of Windows or non-Windows operating

systems. Experiment with other operating systems. Hyper-V makes it very easy to create and
remove different operating systems.

Test software on multiple operating systems using multiple virtual machines. With
Hyper-V, you can run them all on a single desktop or laptop computer. These virtual
machines can be exported and then imported into any other Hyper-V system, including
Azure.

System requirements

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Hyper-V is available on 64-bit versions of Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and

Education. It is not available on the Home edition.

Upgrade from Windows 10 Home edition to Windows 10 Pro by opening Settings >
Update and Security > Activation. Here you can visit the store and purchase an upgrade.

Most computers run Hyper-V, however each virtual machine runs a completely
separate operating system. You can generally run one or more virtual machines on a
computer with 4GB of RAM, though you'll need more resources for additional virtual
machines or to install and run resource intense software like games, video editing, or
engineering design software.

For more information about Hyper-V's system requirements and how to verify that
Hyper-V runs on your machine, see the Hyper-V Requirements Reference. Operating systems
you can run in a virtual machine

Hyper-V on Windows supports many different operating systems in a virtual machine

including various releases of Linux, FreeBSD, and Windows. As a reminder, you'll need to
have a valid license for any operating systems you use in the VMs.

For information about which operating systems are supported as guests in Hyper-V on
Windows, see Supported Windows Guest Operating Systems and Supported Linux Guest
Operating Systems.

Differences between Hyper-V on Windows and Hyper-V on Windows Server There

are some features that work differently in Hyper-V on Windows than they do in Hyper-V
running on Windows Server. Hyper-V features only available on Windows Server:

Live migration of virtual machines from one host to another

Hyper-V Replica

Virtual Fiber Channel

SR-IOV networking

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Shared. VHDX

Hyper-V features only available on Windows 10:

Quick Create and the VM Gallery

Default network (NAT switch) The memory management model is different for
Hyper-V on Windows. On a server, Hyper-V memory is managed with the assumption that
only the virtual machines are running on the server. In Hyper-V on Windows, memory is
managed with the expectation that most client machines are running software on host in
addition to running virtual machines.

3.2 VIRTUALBOX EXTENSION PACK FEATURES

The following list describes in more detail the features provided by Oracle VM
VirtualBox Extension
Pack:
USB 2.0/3.0 controller and Enhanced Host Controller Interface (EHCI)/xHCI
device support
This option allows users to have USB 2.0/3.0 devices connected to Oracle VM
VirtualBox virtual machines. Everything is based on a virtual USB controller that is able to
do the following:
 Improve the performance of native USB 2.0 devices on virtual machines
 By using USB 3.0 virtual USB
 Obtain similar performance for USB 3.0 devices connected to the host
When Oracle VM VirtualBox acts as a virtual Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
server, it is also
possible to use USB devices remotely on RDP clients.
While USB 1.1 support is already available in the main product, Oracle VM
VirtualBox Extension Pack
allows the use of new-generation USB devices that require USB 2.0/3.0.
VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol (VRDP)
Oracle VM VirtualBox can display virtual machines remotely, meaning that a virtual
machine can

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execute on one computer even though the virtual machine will be displayed on a second
computer.
The virtual machine will be controlled from the second computer as well, as if the virtual
machine was
running on that computer.

3.3 SUPPORTED HOST OPERATING SYSTEMS

Currently, Oracle VM VirtualBox runs on the following host OSes:

 Windows hosts (64-bit):

o Windows 8.1

o Windows 10 RTM (1507 / 2015 LTSB) build 10240

o Windows 10 Anniversary Update (1607 / 2016 LTSB) build 14393

o Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (1709) build 16299

o Windows 10 April 2018 Update (1803) build 17134

o Windows 10 October 2018 Update (1809 / 2019 LTSC) build 17763

o Windows 10 May 2019 Update (19H1 / 1903) build 18362

o Windows 10 November 2019 Update (19H2 / 1909) build 18363

o Windows Server 2012

o Windows Server 2012 R2

o Windows Server 2016

o Windows Server 2019

 Mac OS X hosts (64-bit):

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o 10.13 (High Sierra)

o 10.14 (Mojave)

o 10.15 (Catalina)

Intel hardware is required.

 Linux hosts (64-bit). Includes the following:

o Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, 19.03 and 19.10

o Debian GNU/Linux 9 ("Stretch") and 10 ("Buster")

o Oracle Linux 6, 7 and 8

o CentOS/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, 7 and 8

o Fedora 30 and 31

o Gentoo Linux

o SUSE Linux Enterprise server 12 and 15

o openSUSE Leap 15.1

It should be possible to use Oracle VM VirtualBox on most systems based on

Linux kernel 2.6, 3.x, 4.x or 5.x using either the Oracle VM VirtualBox installer or by
doing a manual installation. See “Installing on Linux Hosts”. However, the formally
tested and supported Linux distributions are those for which we offer a dedicated
package.

Note that Linux 2.4-based host OSes are no longer supported.

 Oracle Solaris hosts (64-bit only). The following versions are supported with the
restrictions

o Oracle Solaris 11

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Note that any feature which is marked as experimental is not supported. Feedback and
suggestions about such features are welcome.

3.4 Virtual Machine

Architecture

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FIG 3.1: Virtual Machine Architecture

A virtual machine can exist as a standalone machine or it can exist within a vApp. A
virtual machine is a software computer that, like a physical computer, runs an operating
system and applications. The virtual machine consists of a set of specification and
configuration files and is backed by the physical resources of a host. Every virtual machine
has virtual devices that provide the same functionality as physical hardware are more
portable, more secure, and easier to manage. Virtual machines can be standalone, or they can
exist within a vApp. A vApp is compound object composed of one or more virtual machines
as well as one or more networks.

CHAPTER 04

4.1 VIRTUAL NETWORKING

For each card, you can individually select what kind of hardware will be presented to the
virtual

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machine. VirtualBox can virtualize the following six types of networking hardware:
• AMD PCNet PCI II (Am79C970A);
• AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973, the default);
• Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop (82540EM);
• Intel PRO/1000 T Server (82543GC);
• Intel PRO/1000 MT Server (82545EM);
• Paravirtualized network adapter (virtio-net).
The PCNet FAST III is the default because it is supported by nearly all operating
systems out of the box, as well as the GNU GRUB boot manager. As an exception, the Intel
PRO/1000 family adapters are chosen for some guest operating system types that no longer
ship with drivers for the PCNet card, such as Windows Vista. The Intel PRO/1000 MT
Desktop type works with Windows Vista and later versions. The T Server variant of the Intel
PRO/1000 card is recognized by Windows XP guests without additional driver installation.
The MT Server variant facilitates OVF imports from other platforms.

4.2 Introduction to networking modes

Each of the eight networking adapters can be separately configured to operate in one
of the following modes:
Not attached in this mode, VirtualBox reports to the guest that a network card is present, but
that there is no connection – as if no Ethernet cable was plugged into the card. This way
it is possible to “pull” the virtual Ethernet cable and disrupt the connection, which can
be useful to inform a guest operating system that no network connection is available and
enforce a reconfiguration.

Network Address Translation (NAT) If all you want is to browse the Web, download files
and view e-mail inside the guest, then this default mode should be sufficient for you, and you
can safely skip the rest of this section. Please note that there are certain limitations when
using Windows file sharing (see chapter 6.3.3, NAT limitations, page 95 for details).
NAT Network The NAT network is a new NAT flavour introduced in VirtualBox 4.3. See
chapter
Bridged networking This is for more advanced networking needs such as network
simulations
and running servers in a guest. When enabled, VirtualBox connects to one of your installed
network cards and exchanges network packets directly, circumventing your host operating
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system’s network stack.

Internal networking This can be used to create a different kind of software-based network
which is visible to selected virtual machines, but not to applications running on the host or
to the outside world.
Host-only networking This can be used to create a network containing the host and a set of
virtual machines, without the need for the host’s physical network interface. Instead, a
virtual network interface (similar to a loopback interface) is created on the host, providing
connectivity among virtual machines and the host.
Generic networking Rarely used modes share the same generic network interface, by
allowing the user to select a driver which can be included with VirtualBox or be distributed in
an extension pack.
UDP Tunnel This can be used to interconnect virtual machines running on different hosts
directly, easily and transparently, over existing network infrastructure.
VDE (Virtual Distributed Ethernet) networking This option can be used to connect to a
Virtual Distributed Ethernet switch on a Linux or a FreeBSD host. At the moment this
needs compiling VirtualBox from sources, as the Oracle packages do not include it.

CHAPTER 05
APPLICATIONS
The VM universe facilitates a Condor job that matches and then lands a disk
image on an execute machine within a Condor pool. This disk image is intended to
be a virtual machine. In this manner, the virtual machine is the job to be executed.

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 Virtualization Software Application

o Virtualization Systems Comparison Table
o 1) SolarWinds Virtualization Manager 
o 2) V2 Cloud
o 3) VMware Fusion
o 4) Parallels Desktop
o 5) Oracle VM Virtual Box
o 6) VMware Workstation
o 7) QEMU
o 8) Windows Virtual PC
o 9) Microsoft Hyper-V
o 10) RedHat Virtualization
o 11) Veertu for Mac
o 12) Boot Camp

Where we use virtual machines

1.Try New Operating Systems

2. Run Old or Incompatible Software
3. Develop Software for Other Platforms
4. Handle Potential Malware Safely
5. Clone a System to Another Machine

CHAPTER 06

ADVANTAGES
1. Facilities to be simplified, space-saving, time and cost-saving.
2. Centralized management and Full compatibility with applications.
3. Greater availability and easier recovery in case of disaster.

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4. The ability for running backups and can use multiple operating system environments on
the same computer.
5. Controlled access to sensitive data and intellectual property by keeping them safe inside
the data center.
6. Best use of space: the fewer physical devices installed, the greater the availability of
space in racks.
7. Migrating servers to new hardware transparently.
8. Reliability and Availability – the failure of software does not affect the other services.
9. The cost reduction is possible using small virtual servers on a more powerful single
server.
10. Adapting to different workloads, which can be treated simply. Typically, virtualization
software reallocates hardware resources dynamically between a virtual machine and
another.
11. Load balancing: the whole virtual machine is encapsulated. Thus, it becomes easy to
change the virtual machine platform and increase its performance.
12. Support for legacy applications: when a company decides to migrate to a new operating
system, you can keep your old operating system running in a virtual machine, which
reduces the cost of migration.
13. Reduction of personnel costs, power, and cooling by using less physical equipment.
14. Better utilization of hardware – the hardware sharing by virtual machines is reduced to
idle equipment.
15. Creates independent user environments. Keeping everything separate is especially useful
for purposes like software testing.
16. Reduced downtime.
17. Ease of migration environments – prevents reinstallation and reconfiguration of systems
to be migrated.

DISADVANTAGES

1. The biggest disadvantage of virtual servers is that if or when the server goes offline,
all the websites hosted by it will also go down. Hence, to solve this, the company
could set up a cluster of servers.

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2. Management – virtual environments need to be instantiated (create instances on

virtual machines), monitored, configured and saved.
3. Difficulty indirect access to hardware, for example, specific cards or USB devices.
4. Performance – currently, there are no consolidated methods to measure the
performance of virtualized environments.
5. When several virtual machines are running on the same host, performance maybe
hindered if the computer it’s running on lacks sufficient power.
6. Huge RAM consumption since each virtual machine will occupy a separate area of
the same.
7. It requires multiple links in a chain that must work together cohesively.
8. Great use of disk space, since it takes all the files for each operating system installed
on each virtual machine.

The advantages and disadvantages of virtualization are a clear indicator that it can be
a useful tool for individuals, entrepreneurs, and enterprises when used properly.

CHAPTER 07
CONCLUSION

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With all this in mind, it is fair to say that Oracle VM VirtualBox is a cool, easy-to-
use, and feature-rich personal desktop virtualization product that can be used for various
purposes, such as training, testing, development, and evaluating technologies in a personal,
"unplugged" lab environment.

The Primary Objective of the virtual machine project has been to provide an
interested reader with an introduction to the advantages and uses of virtual machines.

Mainly Virtual Machines are used to create multiple virtual machines with in single
hardware machine.

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CHAPTER 8
REFERENCE

1. https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html

2. https://www.oracle.com/virtualization/technologies/vm/
3. Building Virtual Machine Labs
4. A Hands-On Guide
Mr. Tony V Robinson

5. Intelligent Automation with VMware

6. Apply machine learning techniques to VMware virtualization and networking
Ajit Pratap Kundan

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