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Mis Module 1: THE Economies of Today

This document discusses management information systems and how they have evolved over time. It explains that businesses now operate in knowledge-based economies where information and time-based competition are crucial assets. Modern enterprises have become more decentralized, flexible, and location-independent. The emergence of digital technologies now allows for digitally-enabled relationships across organizations. Effective information systems combine hardware, software, networks, data, and people to collect, transform and disseminate information to improve organizational performance and gain strategic advantages.

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Vijetha K Murthy
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81 views12 pages

Mis Module 1: THE Economies of Today

This document discusses management information systems and how they have evolved over time. It explains that businesses now operate in knowledge-based economies where information and time-based competition are crucial assets. Modern enterprises have become more decentralized, flexible, and location-independent. The emergence of digital technologies now allows for digitally-enabled relationships across organizations. Effective information systems combine hardware, software, networks, data, and people to collect, transform and disseminate information to improve organizational performance and gain strategic advantages.

Uploaded by

Vijetha K Murthy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIS MODULE 1

Management Information Systems


 Why Do People Need Information?

 Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

 Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control


THE Economies of today
 Knowledge-based economies
 Productivity
 New products & services
 Knowledge as an asset
 Time-based competition
 Shorter product life
 Turbulent environment
 Limited employee knowledge base

Transformation in enterprises
 Flattening
 Decentralization
 Flexibility
 Location independence
 Low transaction costs
 Empowerment
 Collaborative work
EMERGENCE OF THE
DIGITAL FIRM
 Digitally-enabled relationships with customers, suppliers, employees
 Core business processes via digital networks
 Digital management of key assets
 Rapid sensing & responding to change
What is a system ?

Data, Information and Systems


 What Is a System?
 System: A set of components that work together to achieve a common
goal

 Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one
system are combined to reach an ultimate goal

 Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems

 Open system: System that interfaces with other systems


What is an Information System?
 An organizational and management solution, based on information technology, to
a challenge posed by the environment” (Laudon & Laudon, 1998)
 A collection of hardware, software, networks, data, procedures and … people.
 An organized combination of people,hardware, software, networks and data
resources that collects, transforms and
disseminates information in an organization” – O’brien

IT for improving organizational performance


• Previously:
– “(business) data processing”
– “management information systems”
• Now the field is:
– “information systems” (or IS)
The Mission of Information Systems
Early days: “paperwork factories”
– Objectives of information systems defined by
productivity measures

• MIS era: produced summary reports


– for “management by exception” for all levels of
Management

Today:
– Improve the performance of (people in) organizations
through the use of information technology
– Objective: performance improvement
– Focus is the people
– Resource for this improvement is IT
– Use of technology with IS for strategic advantage

 Data vs. Information

 Data
• A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture
• Represents something in the real world
• The raw materials in the production of information

 Information
• Data that have meaning within a context
• Data in relationships
• Data after manipulation
Input-process-output

Characteristics of useful information


Humans Vs Computers

Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy

The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy


 Synergy
• When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of
the outputs of the same resources employed separately
 Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large
amounts of data
Components of an information system
Four Stages of Data Processing
 Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

 Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using


mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

 Output: Information is displayed or presented.

 Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.


Systems & Sub systems

Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.


Examples of Information Systems
 Managing accounting information across Asia
 Living in Moscow yet working in Los Angeles
 Tracking FedEx or UPS shipments
 Re-engineering the retail industry for books (Amazon), travel products
(Travelocity, eLong), news services, government services (ESDLife)
 Timetable and classroom scheduling at Universities
 Passenger tracking and airline frequent flyers
 Accessing the knowledge of all employees worldwide
Strategic Level Systems
Information Systems
that support long range
planning of top
management

Management Level
Systems
Support, Monitoring,
Controlling, Decision
making & administration

Operational Level
Systems
Produces routine
answers , nuts & bolts of
business
Unlimited Information –
Opportunity or Hazard?
 In late summer 1994, a mathematics professor found errors in Intel’s Pentium
Processor.
 When Intel refused to respond, he posted his comments on a website.
 Later, Intel announced that the error would only happen once in 9 billion
calculations. Critics disagreed, noting that one would never know if a calculation
was correct or not.
 Within 1 month, IBM stopped shipping Pentium-based PCs.
 In November, Intel admitted the problem, and offered a replacement chip “if you
can prove the need”.
 By late December, following huge public outcry, Intel offered the replacement
chip to anyone who asked.

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