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Assignment I. Final

The document is a homework assignment on sediment transport mechanics for Arba Minch University. It contains 5 questions asking the student to calculate various parameters related to sediment transport in open channels, such as shear velocity, bed shear stress, mean flow velocity, critical discharge and slope for sediment motion. The student is asked to use equations from fluid mechanics, sediment transport theory and the Shields curve to solve for these parameters given properties of the channel and sediment.

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1K views

Assignment I. Final

The document is a homework assignment on sediment transport mechanics for Arba Minch University. It contains 5 questions asking the student to calculate various parameters related to sediment transport in open channels, such as shear velocity, bed shear stress, mean flow velocity, critical discharge and slope for sediment motion. The student is asked to use equations from fluid mechanics, sediment transport theory and the Shields curve to solve for these parameters given properties of the channel and sediment.

Uploaded by

Maulid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
MECHANICS
Assignment. No. I
Hailu kebede ID.NO RMSC/052/03

[email protected]

Submitted to: Dr.Bogale Gebre Maria.

20Jau.2012

Sediment transport mechanics ass.no.I Page - 1 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

Q1. From turbulent velocity measurements at two elevations (u1 at z1 and u2 at z2) in a wide
rectangular channel, eliminate the constant from the equation of the logarithmic velocity profile
to determine the shear velocity u*; the bed shear stress τb; and the viscous sub layer thickness δv.

Solution: using logarithmic velocity profile equation.

Substituting equation (3) in equation (4)

By rearranging equation (5)

a) Velocity

b) Bed shear stress,

c) Viscous sub layer thickness(δv),

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 2 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

Q2. Consider the velocity profile of a river shown in the table at a discharge Q = 24 m3/s, a width
W = 52 m and depth 1.5 m. The friction slope is about 10 cm/km and the bed material is very coarse
gravel. Assume steady uniform turbulent flow, kinematic viscosity ν = 10-6 m2/s, water density ρ =
1000 kg/m3, and
κ = 0.4. From measured velocity profile estimate the following parameters: (a) shear velocity; (b) bed
shear stress;(c) elevation of zero velocity; and mean flow velocity from: (d) the velocity profile (Hint:
(e) the integral of the log law; (f) viscous sub layer thickness; (g) effective bed
roughness height;
(h). energy gradient; (I) Darcy Weisbach factor; and (j) Chezy coefficient

Elevation above bed Velocity V(z)(m/s)


Z(m)
0.2 0.22
0.6 0.34
1 0.4
1.5 0.45

Given: - Q=24m3/s Ѵ=10-6 m2/2


B=52m h=1.5m
I=10cm/km
P=1000kg/m3
K=0.4
Solution
a) Bed shear velocity 0.0384m/s.
b) Bed shear stress 𝛕b=pghI 1000*9.81*1.5*10-4 =1.475N/m2
c) i).elevation of zero velocity

U(z) Z K

0.22 0.2 0.4 0.0384 0.02


0.34 0.6 0.4 0.0384 0.017
0.4 1 0.4 0.0384 0.015
0.45 1.5 0.4 0.0384 0.013
Average
Z o=0.0167m

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 3 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

Assume: rough flow regime Z o = Ks/30 => Ks=0.0167*30 =0.501m


For gravel bed stream Ks=3 d90
=6.8 d50

d50=0.501/6.8 = 0.074m

Check

C). ii. Mean velocity from

Mean flow velocity for hydraulically rough flow

d).velocity profile (Hint: )

(Z1-Zo) u1+ (Z2-Z1) u2+ (Z3-Z2)*U3+ (Z4-Z3) u4


= (0.2-.0167)*.22+ (0.6-0.2)*0.34+ (1-0.6)*0.4+ (1.5-1)*0.45
= 0.5613

u (1.5-0.0167)=0.5613
u=0.378m/s

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 4 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

e).Integral of log law

U (Z) = 0.096 ln (60Z

f).viscous sub layer thickness (δv)


δ v =11.6*Ѵ/u* =11.6*10-6/0.0384
=0.3mm
g). Effective bed roughness (Ks)

Since 0.0003m*6< d50=0.074m


0.0018m <0.074m =>hydraulically rough flow from above under
question C (i)

h).energy gradient (I) =10cm/km=10-4

i).Darcy weisbach (f)


j). Chezy coefficient(C)

Assume rectangular channel


R=A/p=52*1.5/(52+2*1.5)=1.418m

Or

For hydraulically rough flow

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 5 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

Q3. Considering a natural stream with a bed slope I = 0.0009 and the median
grain size d50 = 3 mm, the flow depth is 1.2 m. Will the channel bed
sediments be subjected to sediment motion according to the Shields curve?

Solution
Given:-
D50=3mm
Flow depth, h=1.2m
Bed slope, I =0.0009
Acceleration due to gravity=9.81 m/s2
From shield curve =2.25 N/m2, corresponding to d50 =3mm
τb =pghI
= 1000*9.81*1.2*0.0009
=10.5948 N/m2
τb >τc channel bed sediment is subjected to sediment motion.

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 6 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

4. A wide open channel with a plane sloping bed has a bed surface slope of I = 10-4. The
bed material characteristics are d50 = 0.003 m and d90 = 0.006 m. Other data are: ρ =
1000 kg/m3,
ρs = 2650 kg/m3, ν = 1 x 10-6 m2/s. What is the maximum discharge (per unit width)
without movement of bed material?

Solution
Given:-
Bed slope, I =0.0001
Acceleration due to gravity=9.81 m/s2
d50=0.003 m
d90 =0.006 m
Ѵ=10-6 m2/s
Wide channel => h=R
Required: - qmax/width =?
From shield curve =2.4 N/m2, corresponding to d50 =3mm
At critical condition (without movement bed material)
= τb =pghI=
2.4 =1000*9.81*10-4*h
h = 2.456m
u* = =

=0.0491 m/s

Assume hydraulically rough flow and Ks=3d90=0.006*3=0.018

Chezy coefficient

=2.23m3/s/m

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 7 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

5). A trapezoidal channel has water depth (in middle) of h = 2 m, bottom width b = 15 m
and Side slope 1 to 2 (γ = 27°). The bottom is covered with rounded stones d50 = 0.05 m,
ks = 0.05 m. What are the maximum bottom slope and the maximum discharge to obtain
stable bed (use Shields)?

Water depth (in middle) h= 2m


b=15m
Side slope =2H: 1V
Ks=0.05
d50=0.05
A).what is the maximum bottom slope and maximum discharge to obtain
stable bed channel?
4m 15m 4m

2m

15m

Chezy coefficient (C)

τcr =45N/m2 from shields curve for d50 =0.05m

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 8 -


POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM VIA VIDEO CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY
CENG 6604 –Sediment Transport Mechanics

For side slope of 1V:2H , τb,side = kℽ*τ cr,o

Average response angle given table below (φ)

Particle Rounded Angular


size material material
d50(m)
≤0.001 30 ◦ 35 ◦
0.005 32 ◦ 37 ◦
0.01 35 ◦ 40 ◦
0.05 37 ◦ 42 ◦
≥0.1 40 ◦ 45 ◦

◦ ◦
For d50=0.05m 𝟇=37 , ℽ= tan-1(1/2) =27

τcr, side=0.656* 45 =29.54N/m2


τb,side =0.75 pghI
29.54=0.75*1000*9.81*2*I
I=2*10 -3 maximum bottom slope

Sediment transport mechanics assignment No. I Page - 9 -

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