SMART GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM

AMALIA WITRA BINTI JAILANI

Bachelor of Computer Science

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

 SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION

I/We* hereby declare that I/We* have checked this thesis/project* and in my/our*
opinion, this thesis/project* is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of
the degree of *Doctor of Philosophy/ Master of Engineering/ Master of Science in
…………………………..

(Supervisor’s
Signature) Full Name :
Position :
Date :

(Co-supervisor’s Signature)
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 STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for
quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has
not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti
Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions.

(Student’s Signature)
Full Name : AMALIA WITRA BINTI JAILANI
ID Number : CA15083
Date : 3 JANUARY 2019
 SMART GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM

AMALIA WITRA BINTI JAILANI

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Science (Computer Systems & Networking)

Faculty of Computer System and Software Engineering

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

JANUARY 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Ramdan

Bin Razali, whose help for the ideas, give encouragement, advises, and correcting my
mistake throughout completing this final year project. Special thanks to fellow students
under same supervisor that give support for this project. I also lie to thanks to my parents
that always support me in many ways.

I’m also wanted to give some gratitude to all lecturers in Faculty of Computer
System and Software Engineering for helping me directly or indirectly. Other than that, I
also want to thanks my friends for giving their support whenever I need it to complete this
project.

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 ABSTRAK

Antara salah satu cabaran untuk berinovasi dan mencipta penyelesaian IOT
membolehkan dalam pemantauan dan pengurusan alam sekitar. Pengumpulan produk
sampah menggunakan Internet Thing (IoT) dengan teknologi sensor wayarles pintar
yang akan dapat mengumpulkan data dari tong sampah. Ini salah satu cabaran kepada
pihak berkuasa tempatan ialah bagaimana memantau karya pekerja yang berkesan dan
cekap dalam pengurusan sisa. Dari hasil penyelidikan ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, di
satu pihak, aplikasi ICT, melalui pengurusan mengumpulkan data dari sukarelawan oleh
pihak yang berkepentingan, dapat meningkatkan visualisasi sistem manajemen sisa
pintar cerdas. Dokumentasi ini akan memberi maksud kepada pihak berkuasa tempatan
pelaksanaan pengurusan sisa pintar untuk meningkatkan dan meningkatkan pengurusan
bandar, dan menyediakan perkhidmatan yang lebih baik kepada orang ramai ke arah
aplikasi pintar bandar.
 ABSTRACT

One of the challenges to transform and make an Internet of Things (IoT) is in

monitoring and managing of the environment. One of the challenges to the local
authority is how to monitor the works of employee effective and efficiency in waste
management. Waste product collection utilizes the IoT with the technology of sensors
that will able to collect the data from a garbage bin. From the finding of this
investigation, it can be concluding that through management of collecting data from the
volunteer by stakeholders can enhance the visualization of intelligent smart waste
management system. This documentation will purpose to the local authority the
implementation of smart waste management to provide better services to the public
towards smart city applications and improve and increase the city management.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1

ABSTRAK 2

ABSTRACT 3

TABLE OF CONTENT 4

LIST OF TABLES 7

LIST OF FIGURES 8

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 9

1.1 Project Background 9

1.2 Problem Statement 10

1.3 Goal / Aim & Objectives 10

1.3.1 Goal / Aim 10

1.3.2 Objectives 10

1.4 Scope 11

1.5 Significance 11

1.6 Report / Thesis Organisation 11

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 12

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Material Outline 12

2.2.1 Garbage Bin 12

2.2.2 Arduino Uno 14

 2.2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor 15

2.2.4 GSM Module 16

2.2.5 Breadboard and Jump Wires 17

2.3 Investigation Existing Systems 18

2.3.1 Smart Dustbin – An Efficient Garbage Monitoring System 18

2.3.2 IoT Based Waste Management for Smart City 19

2.3.3 A Novel approach to Garbage Management using Internet of

Things for Smart Cities 19

2.4 Comparison between the Existing Systems 19

2.5 Conclusion 20

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 21

3.1 Introduction 21

3.2 Methodology 21

3.2.1 Requirement Phase 23

3.2.2 Analysis Phase 24

3.2.3 Design Phase 24

3.2.4 Implementation Phase 28

3.2.5 Testing Phase 29

3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement 30

3.4 Gantt Chart 30

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32

4.1 Introduction 32

4.2 Implementation 32

4.2.1 Implementation of Hardware 32

4.2.2 Implementation of Arduino Uno 33

4.3 Testing and Result 34

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 37

5.1 Introduction 37

5.2 Research Constraint 37

5.3 Future Work 38

REFERENCES 39
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Problem Statement of Smart garbage Monitoring System. 10

Table 2.1 Comparison between existing system 20
Table 3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of waterfall model 22
Table 3.2 Hardware requirement for SGMS 30
Table 3.3 Software requirement for SGMS 30
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Garbage bin 13

Figure 2.2 Dumpster 13
Figure 2.3 Skip 14
Figure 2.4 Motherboard of a Arduino UNO 15
Figure 2.5 Handled graphics of GPU 15
Figure 2.6 Ultrasonic sensor 16
Figure 2.7 Data packet 16
Figure 2.8 SIM900A GSM Module 17
Figure 2.9 A breadboard 18
Figure 2.10 Jump wires 18
Figure 3.1 Waterfall Model 22
Figure 3.2 Workflow of the proposed system of SGMS 23
Figure 3.3 Architecture Diagram of SGMS 24
Figure 3.4 Context Diagram for SGMS 25
Figure 3.5 Flowchart of SGMS 26
Figure 3.6 Flowchart of Transmitter section of SGMS 27
Figure 3.7 Flowchart of Receiver section of SGMS 28
Figure 3.8 The proposed physical construction of SGMS 29
Figure 3.9 Gantt Chart of the project. 31
Figure 4.1 Connection of hardware 33
Figure 4.2 Coding of Arduino UNO 34
Figure 4.3 Serial monitor shows the system is ready. 35
Figure 4.4 Serial monitor shows that message is sends to user 35
Figure 4.5 The message received telling that the garbage is full. 36
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

In this era, we are living in age where everything must be done in a short time but
efficient. Tasks and systems are fusing together with the influence of Internet of Thing
(IoT) to have a more fast and efficient system of working. IoT is the network of
associated physical objects that can interconnect and interchange data among
themselves without human intervention. IoT permits human to gather information and
data from all kind of medium. IoT is unalike Internet as it aiding everyday objects to
communicate with each other using the existing Internet technology.

One of the main concerns during this present era is solid waste management. Lack
of monitoring and managing solid waste has affects the health and environment of our
society. The manual way of monitoring the waste is an inefficient process and use more
human effort, time and cost. This inefficient process can be avoided with present
technologies.

The garbage truck use to go around the town to collect garbage every three days.
This system was very inefficient as the garbage fills up really fast and spill out from the
garbage bin in a crowded area or the garbage bin is not even half full after two days in a
seclude area. It can lead to an unhealthy environment and smell pollution.

In this paper, the proposed system is the immediate collecting the garbage called
Smart Garbage Monitoring System. This garbage monitoring system helps solve this
problem as an ultrasonic device on top of a garbage bin will detecting and collect the
data that the volume of the waste product has reached its maximum value from its
threshold value and then, transmit the status to mobile phone via SMS. This system also
can detect a garbage bin that half full but it is two or more days old. This is to prevent
smell environment. Then, the data transmitted to the hand phone via SMS.
1.2 Problem Statement

The disadvantage of the existing system are that the environmental companies
cannot assume the volume of solid waste in garbage bin daily so the employees have to
check the garbage bins every day resulting in high cost. Because of that, the garbage bin
is over spilled. It can attract pests and lead to unhealthy environment.

Another problem that needs to be solved is the age of the garbage. If supposing a
particular garbage bin is not even full and then for a week, the garbage truck not collect
the garbage, it will start rotting and leading to a smelly surrounding. Therefore, this
proposed system will tackle the problem with our system’s tolerance level is set to two
days so if the garbage bin is not full but it is two days old it then also need to be
emptied.

Table 1.1 Problem Statement of Smart garbage Monitoring System.

No. Problem Description Effect

1 Volume of solid The environmental management Over spilled of garbage bin

waste company cannot assume the can attract pests and it can
volume of solid waste in garbage lead to unhealthy
bin in a day. environment
2 Time The garbage is two or more days It can lead to smell pollution
old as the garbage trucks not and the society will live in an
collect it because the bin is not uncomfortable environment
even full.

1.3 Goal / Aim & Objectives

1.3.1 Goal / Aim

The goal for this project is to develop a real-time garbage monitoring system for
UMP.

1.3.2 Objectives

The objectives of this project are:

i. To build a garbage monitoring system.

ii. To send the garbage volume status to mobile phone by sending SMS.
1.4 Scope

The scopes of the project are:

i. To focus on detection of volume and age of waste product in garbage bin and
the data is transmitted to hand phone by sending SMS.

ii. To focus on the installation of Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor and

GSM module.

iii. To focus on testing the system can detect the volume of garbage and
transmit the data to user.

1.5 Significance

The significance of this project is:

i. Facilitate environmental management company in making a better environment

of society.

ii. Improve the previous project by adding an additional feature.

1.6 Report / Thesis Organisation

This thesis for smart garbage monitoring system project comprises of five chapters.
Chapter 1 discusses on introduction of project. Chapter 2 discusses about literature
review, where we describe the existing systems. Chapter 3 discusses about
methodology. Implementation, testing and results will be discussed on Chapter 4.
Finally, in Chapter 5 will conclude the entire project of smart garbage management
system.
 REFERENCES

Waste Container (n.d). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_container.

Arduino UNO (n.d). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino_Uno

Lakshay S. (2016, April 17). Waterfall Model. Retrieved from http://toolsqa.com/software-

testing/waterfall-model/

Monika KA., Nikitha R., Prapulla SB. & Shobba G (2016). Smart Dustbin - An Efficient
Garbage Monitoring System. International Journal of Engineering Science and
Computing, 6(6), doi: 10.4010/2016.1694.

Tambare P. & Venkatachalam P. (2016). IoT Based Waste Management for Smart City.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,
4(2), 1267-1274. doi:110.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0402029.

Kasliwal Manasi H. & Suryawanshi Smitkumar (2016). A Novel Approach to Garbage

Management Using Internet of Things for Smart Cities. International Journal of Current
Trends in Engineering & Research, 2(5), 348-353.

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