Policy Report

Data on Post-9/11
Terrorism in the United
States
Last Updated: June 2012

1
Executive Summary1

A Brief Note on Methodology

This policy report examines the challenges Both datasets are supplemented by
posed by violent extremists to our MPAC’s additional research, based on
national security. It is comprised of two information from 1) official government
parts. documents such as affidavits, criminal
complaints, and press releases, and 2)
The first section does a statistical local, national and international
examination of convictions in terrorism mainstream media reporting.
trials since 9/11. This part primarily draws
on data and analysis from New York 2. Only violent plots against
University’s Center for Law and Security people are counted in the
and Syracuse University’s Transactional dataset. Therefore, “Eco-
Records Access Clearinghouse. terrorists” tend to be excluded,
because: 1) their violence is
The second section of the report is overwhelmingly directed at
focused on MPAC’s Post-9/11 Terrorism property, rather than people and
Incident Database and an analysis of its 2) to ensure numbers are not
information. The Database contains two inflated from those incidents of
open-source datasets for comparative violence against property instead
analysis: one focused on Muslim violent of people. They are only included
extremists; other focused on non-Muslim when it can be reasonably assessed
violent extremists. A third, subset of post- violence is directed at people.
Obama election plots by Muslim violent
extremists is also added to measure 3. The report is deliberately more
possible trends of ideological extremism inclusive of Muslim violent
in Muslim American communities. extremists. The Muslim dataset
accounts for both U.S. and
All entries into the Database are incidents foreign-originated plots. The non-
believed to be directly threatening United States. Muslim dataset is restricted only to
U.S.-originated plots.
Additionally, the Database has three other
key features: Summary of the Findings

1. Our data draws upon work • Since 9/11, only 47% of so-
done by other organizations. called “jihadist” suspects
The Muslim dataset primarily publicly associated with
draws upon tracking done by the terrorism were prosecuted
Congressional Research Service and the under a terrorism or national
Heritage Foundation. The non- security statute.
Muslim dataset draws primarily
from the Southern Poverty Law • There were 135 total plots by
Center, Anti-Defamation League, and U.S.-originated non-Muslim
DT Analytics -- a private security perpetrators against the United
firm specializing in domestic States since 9/11. In comparison,
terrorism and extremism.
2
 there have been 60 total plots by after Obama’s election. 2 cases
U.S. and foreign-originated Muslim (6% )remain unknown.
perpetrators since 9/11.
Al-Qaeda does not appear to be
• There have been least 10 making new ideological gains into the
incidents of non-Muslim Muslim American community. Instead,
violent extremists possessing or the data is pointing toward greater numbers of
attempting to possess longstanding ideological extremists turning to
Biological, Chemical or violence. Additional research by Syracuse
Radiological weapons. One of and Duke Universities indicated a decline
those incidents occurred since in violent extremism among Muslim
Obama’s election. No such cases Americans.
involving Muslim violent
extremists have been reported • Muslim communities helped
since 9/11. U.S. security officials to prevent
nearly 2 out of every 5 Al-Qaeda
• Evidence clearly indicates a plots threatening the United
general rise in violent States since 9/11. It highlights
extremism across ideologies. the importance of partnering with
Using Obama’s election as our society through good relations and
measurement, since November 4, community oriented policing.
2008 there have been 88 plots by
domestic non-Muslim violent This report offers the following policy
extremists. By comparison, there recommendations:
have been 36 plots by Muslim U.S.
and foreign-originated extremists. • Expand community-oriented
Each of these categories policing initiatives
constitutes more than 50% of all • Increase support for research on
violent extremist cases in each combating biased policing
dataset since 9/11. • Expand investments in better
human capital acquisitions
• Yet, there is little evidence of • Highlight citizen contributions to
rising ideological extremism national security
among Muslim Americans. We • Reform the fusion center process
use Obama’s election as the start to increase coordination among
of a timeline for measurement. We law enforcement
found 19 out of 31 post-election
• Adopt MPAC’s “four essential
plots (61%) involved Muslim
principles” to successful
Americans engaging in ideological
engagement with Muslim
extremism before the vote. 10 out
American communities
of 31 cases (32%) are individuals
involved in extremist activities

3
Introduction Terrorism Trials

The arrests of individuals spanning from If the threat of terrorism is extremely

New York City, Baltimore, and significant, it would be reasonable to
Washington, D.C., to Detroit, Fort Hood expect many charges would be applied to
and Baltimore have prompted concerns law enforcement investigations billed as
over whether there is a rise in domestic terrorism-related. However the hard data
violent extremism against the United contradicts certain popular notions.
States. Yet the discussion of these
incidents tends to lack proper context and A 2009 study by the Transactional Records
solid empirical basis. Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse
University found within the last five years,
Additionally, a narrow focus on Muslim Federal attorneys declined to bring
violent extremism is shortsighted. any charges against 67% of alleged
Terrorism is a phenomenon occurring terrorism-related cases referred to
among extremists of many ideological them from law enforcement agencies.
orientations – Muslim and non-Muslim* In 2008, this statistic rose to a 73%
alike. decline rate of referred cases from law
enforcement organizations.2
This report quantitatively examines the
challenges posed by Muslim violent When examining those remaining
extremists in two ways. The first is by terrorism-related cases going to trial,
examining the quantitative and qualitative publicly available data also paints a
nature of terrorism trials. Second, it looks sobering picture. According to a study by
at the number of actual and attempted the Center for Law and Security (CLS),
attacks within the United States. It also examining “jihadist”3 terrorism trials from
employs a comparative analysis with September 11, 2001 to September 11,
domestic non-Muslim incidents. 2011, 204 out of 431 (47.3%) cases that
were successfully prosecuted involved a
This report will be regularly updated. terrorism or national security violation.4
That less than half of all prosecuted
“jihadist” trials involve a national security
and/or terrorism charge has led one
commentator at the American Criminal Law
Review to note, “This suggests that the
* Our non-Muslim extremist category consists numbers of jihadist terror cases, and the
mostly of violent Right-Wing extremists: perceived public threat of jihadist
specifically White Nationalists, anti-government terrorism, is exaggerated in some part by
“militias”, and Christian extremists. However it relatively minor cases.”5
also includes two cases from Black Separatists
(Nation of Islam), two Jewish extremist cases, two
Anarchist cases and one heterodox cult. “Eco- In fairness, law enforcement officials may
terrorists” tend to be excluded, deliberately, argue terrorist plots sometimes need to be
because: 1) their violence is overwhelmingly preempted, even before the necessary
directed at property, rather than people and 2) to evidence is gathered to backup national
ensure numbers are not inflated from those
incidents of violence against property instead of security and/or terrorism charges.
people. They are only included when it can be However when examining this claim, an
reasonably assessed violence is directed at people. earlier CLS report further noted:6
4
 terror trial data shows there has been
…the DoJ [Department of Justice] may significant mislabeling of trials and
have acted in order to disrupt potential misapplication of counterterrorism
threats to public safety, although it is resources.
apparent that these allegations and any
evidence supporting them are insufficient This has serious implications for US
to determine whether or not an actual policymakers as they seek to engage public
plot was disrupted. concerns over national security and make
tough choices when allocating limited
As the data shows, there are a fairly resources.
limited number of cases involving
dangerous violent indicators, such as the Over-labeling trials as terrorism-related
possession of explosives. Yet, even in when the majority of them are prosecuted
these limited cases, significant questions on other charges unnecessarily heightens
surrounding these incidents exist. CLS public fear, rather than building level-
Executive Director, Karen Greenberg, has headed vigilance.
previously noted:7
Furthermore, the counterterrorism assets
…in some cases—such as Fort Dix— used to investigate and prosecute
allegations of conspiracy to use individuals committing non-terrorism or
[Weapons of Mass Destruction]** national security violations is a severe
WMDs have been plagued with misapplication of our nation’s limited
assertions that the defendants had resources that must be directed at actual
neither the know-how nor the terrorist threats.
sophistication to actually carry out their
intentions. They were, rather, deemed
bumblers and wannabees. Comparative Incident Analysis

Finally, the September 2011 CLS report’s Looking at terrorism trials is only one
data found the average sentence for those aspect of seeking to identify threat trends.
convicted of terrorism and national The second method is by tracking terrorist
security charges were each slightly over 15 incidents – prevented and occurred –
years.8 However given that the majority of within and against the United States since
cases (52.7%) did not involve either of 9/11. It also includes a comparative
these serious charges, the average overall analysis with non-Muslim extremist
sentence rate is between 5 to 6 years.9 In incidents.
fact those facing neither of these two core
charges received an average sentence According to MPAC’s Post-9/11
slightly more than 1 year.10 Terrorism Database,*** there have been at
least 60 planned terrorist attacks against
While there is no doubt that Muslim
violent extremists pose a serious challenge ***MPAC’s Post-9/11 Database is completely
to American security, an examination of open source. Sources include mainstream media,
government documents, and tracking from
organizations including the Congressional Research
**Not to be confused with Chemical, Biological, Service, Heritage Foundation and the Southern Poverty
Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) devices. Federal Law Center. Refer to the appendices at the end for
statutes on “Weapons of Mass Destruction” also more information on the sources and explanation
include various non-CBRN explosive devices. of the Database’s categories and definitions.

5
the United States, which have been orientations.12 In order to allow for better
attributed to Muslims.11 This category context of incidents from Muslim
includes both domestic and international- extremists, we also provide a comparative
based incidents/plots against the United analysis of incidents from non-Muslim
States. There have been 17 deaths from extremists.
post-9/11 Muslim violent extremists.
Non-Muslim violent extremists are also
However, the number of incidents/plots included because of the concern they elicit
should also be viewed with caution. from state-level law enforcement. A 2007
MPAC’s Database also recorded 14 out of survey by the University of Maryland’s Study
60 (23.3%) of alleged violent extremist of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
incidents/plots that involved Muslims (START) center, found Muslim violent
reaching only the “aspirational stage.” In extremists were seen as the greatest threat
other words over 1 out every 5 plots to national security by state law
involving Muslim violent extremists enforcement agencies.
arrested for terrorism or national
security did not involve possession or However the START survey found non-
attempted possession of weapons. Muslim violent extremists came in a close
second place.13 Furthermore, the survey
None of 60 alleged incidents/plots also found, “…just as many state-police
involved possession or attempted agencies (62%) view Neo-Nazis as
possession of chemical, biological, posing a serious threat to their own
radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) bombs. state’s security as consider Islamic
55 of these incidents/plots were not Jihadists to pose a serious threat.”14
implemented while 5 attacks actually took
place, an 8.3% Muslim violent Interestingly, the same START study also
extremist implementation rate. found law enforcement identified
domestic extremist groups operating
However a singular focus on Muslim within their states more often than
violent extremists is shortsighted. Muslim extremists. (See the inset below).15
Terrorism has historically been practiced
by extremists of various ideological

• Neo-Nazi (92% of responding states) • Extreme anti-immigrant (65%)

• Militia/Patriot (89%) • Islamic Jihadi groups (62%)
• Racist Skinheads (89%) • Extreme anti-abortion groups (62%)
• Freemen/ Sovereign Citizen (87%) • Extreme Black nationalists (54%)
• Extreme animal rights (76%) • Odinists (35%)
• Extreme environmentalists (73%) • Left-wing revolutionary groups (32%)
• KKK (73%) • Idiosyncratic sectarians (32%)
• Christian Identity (70%) • Other extremist groups (11%)
• Extreme anti-tax (67%) • Doomsday cults (8%)

While, MPAC’s Database recorded at least incidents/plots by non-Muslim violent

60 incidents/plots by Muslim violent extremists (135 if Nation of Islam cases
extremists, it also recorded 133 are included).16 129 out of 135 non-

6
Muslim incidents/plots reached the one, but would [also] caution that it is not
“operational stage.” There have been 56 a pandemic…”18
deaths from post-9/11 non-Muslim
terrorists, 68 if the “DC Sniper” In order to measure any recent trends, a
shootings are included. timeline needs to be established. This
report uses November 4, 2008, Obama’s
Furthermore, the Database recorded 10 election victory, as beginning of a timeline
plots by non-Muslim extremists involving for measurement. It does so for two
the use of CBRN weaponry. They include reasons:
at least 5 attempts to acquire materials for
developing a CBRN weapon and 5 cases 1) Transnational terrorists, like Al-
involving actual possession of Qaeda and its affiliates, may see
materials for a CBRN weapon. the presence of a new
administration as an opportunity
Out of the 133 (or 135) alleged incidents/ to force a policy overreaction after
plots, 50 were implemented, while the an attack, or have the President
other 84 were foiled, an overall 37% non- risk losing public legitimacy.19
Muslim violent extremist implementation Also, online discussions from Al-
rate. In other words, nearly 2 out of Qaeda sympathizers indicate they
every 5 non-Muslim terrorism attempt are threatened by Obama’s
have been implemented. potential charisma.20

2) Domestic terrorists, particularly right-

A Rise in Ideological Extremism wing violent extremists, are upset
Among Muslim Americans? over the election of a non-White
President, national demographic
With the spike of recent arrests of alleged changes, and/or current concerns
violent extremists in the United States, over the economy.21
some analysts are concerned these arrests
may also indicate a rise in ideological Referring again to MPAC’s Database,
extremism**** among Muslim Americans.17 since Obama’s Presidential election, there
While there have been a number of high- have been 36 attempted terrorist attacks
profile arrests recently within a short time by Muslim extremists, or 60% of all
span, others point out that, “…the issue incidents/plots by Muslim terrorists
of homegrown terrorism plots is a serious against the United States since 9/11. Out
of these post-Obama incidents, 34 were
****
prevented. This represents a 5.6% Muslim
This is also sometimes referred to as violent extremist implementation rate in
“radicalization.” Radicalization differs from the post-Obama election period.
violent extremism in that former is the
intellectual approval of violence against
civilians, whereas the latter also includes actual For non-Muslim extremists, there have
violence, incitement, or material support in been 88 attempted terrorist attacks since
support of one’s extremist position. For full Obama was elected. This represents 65%
definitions, see: Alejandro J. Beutel, Building of all terrorist attacks committed by non-
Bridges to Strengthen America: Forging an Muslim terrorists since 9/11. Out of these
Effective Counterterrorism Enterprise between
Muslim Americans and Law Enforcement. 88 attempted incidents, 54 were
(Washington, D.C.: Muslim Public Affairs prevented, representing a 39% non-
Council, August 2010), P. 12. Muslim incident implementation rate in
7
the post-Obama election victory period.
In other words, in a post-Obama Our findings do not support the notion of
period, nearly 2 of out every 5 non- a recent rise in ideological extremism. In
Muslim violent extremists plots have fact, the overwhelming number
been implemented. individuals involved in “recent” plots had
engaged in ideological extremism several
While it is clear that there has been a rise years. Al-Qaeda and its sympathizers have
in violent extremism since Obama’s found it very difficult to make any
election – among Muslims and non- ideological inroads among American
Muslims alike – these figures do not tell us Muslims over the years and these results
whether or not a trend toward ideological continue to support that notion. American
extremism (potentially leading to violence) Muslims have been, and continue to be,
exists. In order to measure whether or not overwhelmingly mainstream and anti-
there has been a recent rise in ideological extremist.
extremism among Muslim Americans, we
examine the data Muslim violent Rather than a seeing a rise in ideological
extremists further. extremism, the data points toward greater
numbers of preexisting ideological extremists
Again, we use Obama’s election as a turning to violence. While this phenomenon
baseline to determine what is to be poses its own separate security challenges,
considered “recent.” Among the 36 a potential silver lining exists.
Muslim violent extremist plots, 31
involved Muslim Americans. (For Other data-driven studies point toward
instance, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab is a declining trends in ideological extremism
U.S. citizen, a permanent resident, or among American Muslims. For instance, a
long-term resident*****.) If there were a June 2010 report from Syracuse’s TRAC
recent rise in ideological extremism one center found federal prosecutions
would expect a majority or a significant between June 2009 and June 2010 are
minority of violent extremists to have down 53% from 2005.22 A February 2011
been radicalized after the election. study from Duke University’s Triangle
Center on Terrorism and Homeland
Using court documents and mainstream Security found that the number of Muslim
media report as our sources, we found the Americans apprehended for terrorism
people involved in 19 out of the 31 post- dropped by 57%, from 47 in 2009 to 20 in
Obama election plots (61%) were engaged 2010.23 The study went on to note, “the
in ideological extremism before the total for 2010 suggests that the previous
Presidential vote. 2 cases (6%) remain year may have been more of an aberration
unknown. 10 out of 31 cases (32%), are than a trend.”24
individuals known to have been
involved in extremist activities since Overtime, the spike in domestic violent
Obama’s election. (For the complete extremist activity may fizzle out because
subset displaying the results and their there will be few individuals left willing to
interpretation, see Appendix C, after the engage in violence and even fewer who
endnotes.) are capable of doing so. Rather than being
able to expand its network of supporters,
*****
Defined as someone living within the extremists face an increasingly difficult
sovereign territory of the United States for 5 operational and recruiting environment.
continuous years or more.

8
The likelihood of this forecast increases in Others, however, caution that Al-Awlaki’s
light of the recent death of Anwar Al- writings have an “enduring appeal”26 and
Awlaki and Inspire magazine editor, Samir that his recent death will garner further
Khan. According to an analysis of the last sympathy for his ideology and violent
28 plots since Barack Obama was elected, justifications among fellow sympathizers.27
Al-Awlaki played an inspirational and/or
operational role in 18 of the 36 plots. (See Those “homegrown” extremists daring to
Appendix D for more information.) While engage in violence are not regarded as
some analysts are skeptical that Al-Awlaki well-trained and ideologically hardened as
and Khan’s deaths will not significantly the 9/11 hijackers. Instead, many analysts
affect Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula’s view them as “wannabees,”28 “nitwits,”29
(AQAP) overall operational capabilities it and “idiots.”30 Not surprising this has lead
seems it will mitigate the “homegrown” to, “U.S.-based jihadis hav[ing] a nearly
threat to the American homeland by unbroken record of operational failure.”31
severely reducing the capability of AQAP, Rather than signaling increasing influence,
and Al-Qaeda at-large to attract potential the rise in Al-Qaeda-inspired violent
English-speaking American recruits to its extremism within the United States signals
cause.25 the ideological movement’s increasing
weakness.

Terrorists in the United States and CBRN Weaponry: A Quick Summary

Our Database shows ten cases of attempted or actual possession of CBRN material. These
ten incidents are:

1. September-October 2001: Presumed bioterrorism suspect Dr. Bruce Ivins is

believed to have mailed several letters laced with Anthrax to various media and U.S.
Senate offices across the country, killing 5 people and sickening another 17.
2. March 12, 2002: Anarchist Joseph Konopka was found in possession of deadly
amounts of sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide.32
3. April 10, 2003: Anti-government extremist William Krar is arrested and found in
possession of a massive of catch of small arms and a cyanide bomb capable of killing
up to 6,000 people.33
4. October 25, 2004: Neo-Nazi Demetrius “Van” Crocker is arrested for attempting to
acquire Sarin nerve agent and C-4 plastic explosives.34
5. October 3, 2006: Survivalist Denys Ray Hughes was arrested in 2006 and sentenced
in October 2006 to seven years in prison for the illegal manufacture of ricin and
illegal possession of firearms.35
6. January 29, 2008: Anti-government extremist Michael Alan Crooker was federally
indicted on possessing ricin and abrin toxins. He has previously been indicted in
2004 for also threatening to use a weapon of mass destruction against a federal
building in Springfield, Massachusetts.36
7. December 9, 2008: The FBI discovers “radiological dispersal device components
and literature, and radioactive materials” at the home of Neo-Nazi James Cummings.
He was failed to fully develop the device because his wife, due to domestic abuse,
murdered him.37

9
 8. October 20, 2011: Four anti-government extremists are arrested and charged for
plotting to acquire and use guns, explosives, and the biological toxin ricin against
U.S. federal officials and institutions. The suspects had acquired requisite castor
beans to make ricin, but had not changed them into a toxic form.38
9. April 25, 2012: Martin Kimber is arrested chemical weapons charges for repeatedly
poisoning the food at an Albany, NY-area hospital with mercury. A search of his
home turned more two jars filled with mercury, as well as Nazi paraphernalia and a
copy of the Turner Diaries, a white supremacist violent fiction book that also inspired
Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.39
10. May 8, 2012: Over a dozen Neo-Nazis in rural were stockpiling firearms and
explosives, as well as receiving combat training from a fellow Neo-Nazi in the
Missouri State National Guard in order to prepare to instigate a national “race war”.
Members of the group had also reportedly sought to acquire ricin.

Community Oriented Policing

Counterterrorism: A New Way Forward

Data presented in this report shows Additionally the data appears to indicate
terrorism is a more complex phenomenon that more surveillance powers do not
than some may expect. Furthermore, the necessarily make America safer.
use of terrorism is not limited to Muslims; Numerous terrorist incidents, across
data shows significant activity from non- ideologies, continue occurring after
Muslim extremists too. legislation reducing civil liberties
protections – like the PATRIOT Act
A singular focus on Muslim terrorists is renewals and 2008 FISA Amendments–
both bad for national security and civil were passed. Instead, more precise
society. Even if one were to focus only on information gathering is needed.
Muslim communities, the arrests of
individuals such as the “North Carolina In order to effectively move forward to
7,” the “Fort Dix Six”, Abdulhakim address all terrorist threats facing
Mujahid and Colleen “Jihad Jane” LaRose America, we propose integrating greater
provide a few examples of individuals elements of community-oriented policing
who do not fit a specific terrorist profile.40 into local, state and federal
In fact numerous studies and experts have counterterrorism strategies. Community-
stated there is no reliable “terrorist oriented policing is a law enforcement
profile.”41 strategy emphasizing, “…collaborative
partnerships between the law enforcement
It not only potentially leads to biased law agency and the individuals and
enforcement, but also runs the risk of organizations they serve to develop
misallocating limited resources. Particular solutions to problems and increase trust in
communities may get over-scrutinized police.”42
while real threats – by actors from a
variety of ideologies – go undetected. All Working with local communities based on
communities, irrespective of race, ethnicity, and relationships of trust has been extremely
faith, must exercise vigilance. effective at fighting various types of
crime,43 including terrorism.44

10
One of the most important benefits of and provide critical information to
trusted partnerships is the ability for prevent any crime, including terrorism.
community members to feel
comfortable enough to step forward

A Short List of Terror Plots Disrupted by Muslim Community Assistance

1. September 2002: Members of the “Lackawanna 6” are arrested. FBI first becomes
aware of their activities in June 2001 when a local Muslim community member tips
off the FBI.45
2. June 2003: FBI receives two tips from community members notifying them
“military-style training” being conducted suspect by Ali Al-Tamimi. The tips start an
investigation leading to the arrest of the “Paintball 11” in Northern Virginia.46
3. August 2004: James Elshafay and Shahwar Matin Siraj are arrested largely based on
the controversial use of an informant in the investigation. However NYPD were first
notified of Siraj after a Muslim community member anonymously notifies New York
police about consistently troubling rhetoric coming from the suspect.47
4. February 2006: Muslim community members in Ohio provide information help into
arrest and eventually convict 3 suspects planning attacks in Iraq.48
5. August 2006: British authorities arrest a group of British Muslim violent extremists
suspected of plotting to blow up several airplanes over the Atlantic. Authorities first
become aware of the plot based on a tip from a Muslim community member.49
6. November 2006: Adnan Babar Mirza, a Pakistani national studying in Houston, TX
and is arrested for illegal firearms training and possession. Adnan come to the
attention of the FBI when local Houston community members tip them off about
Adnan’s activities and alleged intentions.50
7. July 2009: Mosque leaders in Raleigh, North Carolina contact law enforcement to
notify them of “violent, threatening action… considered to be dangerous” leading to
the arrest of Daniel Boyd and 6 other individuals.51
8. September 2009: Queens Imam Ahmad Afazali, a community liaison to the NYPD,
helps local police and the FBI in the investigation and arrest of suspect Najibullah
Zazi. Though Zazi is initially accused of tipping off Zazi to police surveillance,
information in the court complaint52 and corroborating reporting from mainstream
media sources53 found this notion to be false. (Afzali was, however, deported on
charges of lying to FBI agents, but subsequent media reporting also strengthens
Afzali’s claims that he was scapegoat for getting caught up in a turf battle between
NYPD and FBI officials.)54
9. November 2009: Five Virginia Muslim youth are arrested in Pakistan, allegedly
seeking to join a terrorist group, after family members told American federal
authorities they went missing.55
10. April 2010: Senegalese Muslim Alioune Niass first spots the suspicious vehicle used
as a bomb to attack Times Square in New York City. Clues from the vehicle and
defused explosive immediately led to the suspect, Faisal Shahzad’s, arrest.56
11. June 2010: Suspects Mohammed Mahmoud Alessa and Carlos Eduardo Almonte are
arrested, after the FBI first receives an anonymous report in 2006 from one of the
suspects’ family members. News reports indicate one of Alessa’s family members
provided the tip.57

11
 12. October 2010: Former Hawaii resident Abdel Hamid Shehadeh is arrested for
attempting to join the Taliban. Local media noted that the Muslim Association of
Hawaii “assisted law enforcement agencies in the case” and that it has “in the past
reported suspicious activities.”58
13. October 2010: Farooque Ahmed is arrested on charges of allegedly attempting to
bomb the Washington, DC metro railway system. The FBI first learns of Ahmed’s
intentions from a community tip-off.59
14. October 2010: An attempt by Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula to bomb Western
targets using air cargo transportation is prevented by US and European authorities.
Intelligence that prevented the plot came from ex-militant Jabr al-Faifi, who
voluntarily handed himself into Saudi authorities.60
15. November 2010: Mohamed Osman Mohamud is arrested for attempting to bomb a
Christmas tree-lighting ceremony in Portland, Oregon. The New York Times notes,
“In the Oregon [Mohamud] case, the FBI received a tip from a Portland Muslim.”61
16. December 2010: Antonio Martinez is arrested for attempting to bomb a military
recruiting center in Maryland. Statements from Justice Department officials indicate
a Muslim community member reported Martinez to the FBI during its ongoing
investigation.62
17. June 2011: Two Al-Qaeda inspired violent criminals planning to attack a military
installation in Seattle are arrested by law enforcement. FBI officials first become
aware of the planned attack after a fellow Muslim who was trying to be recruited into
the conspiracy went to Seattle Police and informed them of the plot.63
18. July 2011: Uzbek national Ulugbek Kodirov was arrested for threatening to kill
President Barack Obama and possession of illegal firearms and explosives. U.S.
Attorney Joyce Vance expressed her “appreciation to the Muslim community of
Birmingham, which was instrumental in helping law enforcement to shut down this
threat.”64
19. January 2012: Violent Al-Qaeda sympathizer Sami Osmakac is arrested for planning
to attack several sites in Tampa, Florida using guns and explosives. The U.S.
Attorney for Central Florida noted, “This investigation was also predicated, in part,
by assistance from the Muslim community.”65

Despite the numerous legal and social • Multiple tips from the Muslim
challenges Muslim Americans face at wives of David Headley67
times, the above list shows the critical role
their communities play in keeping Factoring in the latter two cases, there
America safe. This totals 19 post-9/11 have been 21 total instances of Muslims
plots involving anti-terror assistance from voluntarily seeking to help law
Muslim community members. enforcement prevent Al Qaeda-related
terror activities threatening the United
This does not include two notable cases States since 9/11. The represents over 1
where Muslim gave vital intelligence that out of every 3 (35%) cases.
was not used by security officials:
When specifically focusing on American
• Warnings from Umar Farouk Muslims (rather than Muslims at-large)
Abdulmutallab’s father66 providing unsolicited tips to prevent

12
“homegrown” terror plots, this amounts
to 17 out 54 (31.4%) post-9/11 plots. In • Increase support for research69
other words, American Muslims are and training70 to combat biased
responsible for providing initial law enforcement practices. As
unsolicited tips to law enforcement in MPAC’s data demonstrates,
nearly 1 out of every 3 Al-Qaeda terrorism against the United States is
related “homegrown” plots since 9/11. not limited to Muslim violent
extremists. Using false profiles to
It is important to note, however, that disproportionately focus on a
these numbers may be underestimating particular community is a
the level of cooperation. Whereas this misallocation of resources and
research was conducted using open ignores other risks at our nation’s
sources, information that may have come peril. Enhanced research and
from community tips may tend to remain training to reduce biased policing is
unrevealed due to law enforcement necessary to make our nation more
officials’ desire to protect their sources of secure against all terrorist threats.
information.
• Expand investments in better
Conclusion & Policy human capital acquisition. The
Recommendations Security agencies’ need more
individuals, including Muslim
In order to develop a stronger defense Americans, with language and
against all terrorist threats, it is clear there subject matter expertise. Federal,
must be better relations between law state and local agencies should
enforcement and citizens to enhance proactively seek to hire individuals
national vigilance. Closer coordination with critical skill sets through job
must also be developed between local, fairs and scholarships.71
state, and federal law enforcement.
• Highlight citizen contributions
Therefore we offer the following to national security. Several
recommendations: examples, highlighted in this report
show Muslim and non-Muslim
• Expand community-oriented communities actively step forward
policing initiatives. Those to notify authorities when they
relationships require much effort become aware of a violent threat.
and resources to maintain. Doing so is particularly important
Department of Justice’s Office of for Muslim communities. They are
Community Oriented Policing also involved in several initiatives to
Services (COPS) – which was combat extremist ideologies through
recently allocated $1 billion in various strategies in their
stimulus money from Congress – 72
communities. Informing the public
can serve as an important resource of Muslim Americans’ assistance will
by providing technical resources and help allay public concerns about
information on best practices.68 security and dispel unfounded
Congress and the White House stereotypes about communities. It
should continue to increase its will also strengthen relations
support for COPS.

13
 between law enforcement and empowered Office of the Program
citizens. Manager of the Information Sharing
Environment (PM-ISE). The PM-
• Reform fusion center processes ISE should push regional and state
for better law enforcement fusion centers to incorporate aspects
coordination. The current network of community policing in their
of fusion centers across the U.S. internal procedures through
remains disjointed, despite sharing strengthened auditing protocols and
linked databases.73 These efforts establishing a community relations
need to be harmonized through an advisory boards.74

14
Endnotes
1
Report and data originally researched and directed by Alejandro J. Beutel, former MPAC Government
and Policy Analyst (2009-2012). As of June 2012, Beutel is no longer involved in the development of this
project.
2
“Who is a Terrorist? Government Failure to Define Terrorism Undermines Enforcement, Puts Civil
Liberties at Risk.” Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, (September 27, 2009). Available at:
http://trac.syr.edu/tracreports/terrorism/215/.
3
MPAC does not endorse the term jihadist, or similar religiously-laden terminology, seeing the use of such
terms to imply a gross misunderstanding of Islamic values that is advocated by extremists such as Al-
Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden. For an American Muslim critique of public officials and analysts using
terminology, see: C. Welton Gaddy and Salam Al-Marayati, “Bin Laden’s Personal Letters Reveal
Muslims Are Part of the Solution to Securing the United States.” Washington Post, (May 31, 2012).
Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/guest-voices/post/bin-ladens-personal-letters-reveal-
muslims-are-part-of-the-solution-to-securing-the-united-states/2012/05/31/gJQA1hwr4U_blog.html.
4
“Terrorist Trial Report Card: September 11, 2001-September 11, 2011.” Center for Law and Security,
(September 2011), P. 12. Available at:
http://www.lawandsecurity.org/Portals/0/Documents/TTRC%20Ten%20Year%20Issue.pdf.
5
Daniel Michelson-Horowitz, “9/11 at 10: Inside the Terrorist Trial Report Card.” American Law Review,
(September 24, 2011). Available at: http://www.americancriminallawreview.com/Drupal/blogs/blog-
entry/911-10-inside-terrorist-trial-report-card-09-24-2011.
6
“Terrorist Trial Report Card: September 11, 2001-September 11, 2009.” Center for Law and Security,
(January 2010), P. 10. Available at: http://www.lawandsecurity.org/publications/TTRCFinalJan14.pdf.
7
Ibid., P. 10.
8
“Terrorist Trial Report Card: September 11, 2001-September 11, 2011,” P. 8.
9
Ibid., P. 8.
10
Ibid., P. 8.
11
See the appendices for the statistical tables and sources.
12
For instance, see: Walter Laqueur, “Terrorism: A Brief History.” E-Journal USA (U.S. Department of
State), (May 11, 2007). Available at: http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-
english/2008/April/20080522172730SrenoD0.6634027.html.
13
Joseph Simone Jr., Joshua D. Freilich, and Steven M. Chermak, “Surveying State Police Agencies about
Domestic Terrorism and Far-Right Extremists.” University of Maryland Study of Terrorism and Responses
to Terrorism. (February 2008), Available at:
http://www.start.umd.edu/start/publications/research_briefs/20080221_state_agency_survey.pdf, P. 2.
14
Ibid., P. 2-3.
15
Ibid., P. 1.
16
See Appendix B for the statistical table and sources.
17
For instance, see: Rick “Ozzie” Nelson and Ben Bodurian, “A Growing Terrorist Threat? Assessing
‘Homegrown Extremism’ in the United States.” Center for International and Strategic Studies, (March 8,
2010). Available at: www.csis.org/files/publication/100304_Nelson_GrowingTerroristThreat_Web.pdf;
Bruce Hoffman, “American Jihad.” The National Interest, (April 20, 2010). Available at:
http://nationalinterest.org/article/american-jihad-3441; Bruce Hoffman, “American Jihad, Part II.” The
National Interest, (July 21, 2010). Available at: http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/american-jihad-part-
ii-3680.
18
Mohamed Elibiary, “Working with Communities to Disrupt Terror Plots.” US House of Representatives
Committee on Homeland Security, (March 17, 2010). Available at:
http://hsc.house.gov/SiteDocuments/20100317103442-74422.pdf, P.1.
19
Daniel Benjamin, “Why do Terrorists Love to Strike Around Elections?” Brookings Institute, (October
22, 2008). Available at: http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2008/1022_terrorism_benjamin.aspx.
20
Will McCants, “Jihadi Reactions to Election of Obama.” Jihadica, (November 5, 2008). Available at:
http://www.jihadica.com/jihad-reactions-to-election-of-obama/; Will McCants, “Zawahiri’s Black Day.”
Jihadica, (November 19, 2008). Available at: http://www.jihadica.com/zawahiris-black-day/; Thomas
Hegghammer, “Obama is More Dangerous Than Bush.” Jihadica, (June 29, 2009). Available at:
http://www.jihadica.com/obama-is-more- dangerous-than-bush/.
15
21
David A. Graham, “Joseph Stack and Right-Wing Terror: Isolated Incidents or Worrying Trend?”
Newsweek, (February 18, 2010). Available at:
http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/thegaggle/archive/2010/02/18/joseph-stack-and-right-wing-terror-isolated-
incidents-or-worrying-trend.aspx.
22
“Analysis of the Bipartisan Policy Center Report, ‘Assessing the Terrorist Threat.’” American Civil
Liberties/Muslim Public Affairs Council/Muslim Advocates, (October 18, 2010). Available at:
http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/ACLU_Interested_Persons_Memo_Regarding_BPC_Threat_Assessment_
Report.pdf, P. 7.
23
Charles Kurzman, “Muslim-American Terrorism Since 9/11: An Accounting.” Triangle Center on
Terrorism and Homeland Security, (February 2, 2011). Available at:
http://sanford.duke.edu/centers/tcths/about/documents/Kurzman_Muslim-
American_Terrorism_Since_911_An_Accounting.pdf.
24
Ibid., P. 1.
25
William Maclean, “Analysts View: Spotlight on Awlaki Killing.” Reuters, (September 30, 2011).
Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/30/us-yemen-awlaki-av-idUSTRE78T2X920110930.
26
J.M. Berger, “The Enduring Appeal of Al-‘Awlaqi’s ‘Constants on the Path of Jihad.’” CTC Sentinel,
Vol. 4, No. 10, (October 2011), P. 12-15. Available at: http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2011/11/CTCSentinel-Vol4Iss104.pdf.
27
Omar Sacirbey, “Dead Cleric’s Videos May Find Eternal Life Online.” Religion News Service, (October
6, 2011). Available at: http://www.christiancentury.org/article/2011-10/dead-clerics-videos-may-find-
eternal-life-online.
28
Citing terrorism expert Marc Sageman. David Ignatius, “The Fading Jihadists.” Washington Post,
(February 28, 2008). Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2008/02/27/AR2008022703179.html.
29
Daniel Byman and Christine Fair, “The Case for Calling Them Nitwits.” Atlantic Monthly, (July/August
2010). Available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-case-for-calling-them-
nitwits/8130/.
30
Citing MPAC Government Liaison and national security policy analyst Alejandro Beutel. Peter Katel,
“Homegrown Terrorists: Can Muslim Terrorists in the U.S. Mount Serious Attacks?” CQ Researcher, Vol.
20, No. 30, (September 3, 2010), P. 708, 709.
31
Ibid., P. 707.
32
“‘Dr. Chaos’ Waives Hearing on Subway Cyanide.” United Press International, (March 14, 2002);
“Self-Described Terrorist Charged in Chicago.” Voice of America, (March 12, 2002). Available at:
http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2002-03/a-2002-03-12-18-Self-Described.cfm?moddate=2002-
03-12.
33
Michael Reynolds, “Homegrown Terror.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, (November/December 2004),
P. 48-57.
34
Domestic Terrorism: Tip Leads to Sting, Prison for Plotter.” Federal Bureau of Investigation, (November
29, 2006). Available at: http://www.fbi.gov/page2/nov06/terror112906.htm.
35
“(U) Domestic Terrorists’ Intent and Capability to Use Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Weapons.” Federal Bureau of Investigation/Department of Homeland Security, (October 14, 2008).
Available at: http://info.publicintelligence.net/FBIdomesticcbrn.pdf; Denys Ray Hughes, “Survivalist Man
Convicted of Attempting to Make Ricin on the Run.” WSAW.com, (June 18, 2011). Available at:
http://www.wsaw.com/home/headlines/Surivalist_Man_Convicted_of_Attempting_to_Make_Ricin_on_the
_Run_124137064.html
36
“(U) Domestic Terrorists’ Intent and Capability to Use Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Weapons.”
37
FBI Field Intelligence Groups: 9 December Discovery of Radiological Dispersal Device, Components,
Literature and Radioactive Material at the Maine Residence of an Identified Deceased US Person.” Federal
Bureau of Investigation, (December 9, 2008). Available at: http://www.splcenter.org/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2009/02/fbi_maine021109.pdf.
38
Bill Rankin, Christian Boone, and Katie Leslie, “Georgia Militia Plot: Affidavit Outlines Plans for
Killings.” Atlanta Constitution Journal, (November 2, 2011). Available at:
http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/georgia-militia-plot-affidavit-1214918.html; “Judge Refuses Bond for

16
Ment Accused in Militia Plot.” Associated Press, (November 16, 2011). Available at:
http://www.npr.org/2011/11/16/142424100/judge-refuses-bond-for-men-accused-in-militia-plot.
39
Richard S. Hartunian, “Man Indicted for Chemical Weapons Offenses.” U.S. Attorney’s Office of the
Northern District of New York, (May 17, 2012). Available at: http://www.fbi.gov/albany/press-
releases/2012/man-indicted-for-chemical-weapons-offenses.
40
Also see: Scott Stewart, “Profiling: Sketching the Face of Jihadism.” Stratfor, (January 20, 2010).
Available at: http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20100120_profiling_sketching_face_jihadism.
41
John Horgan, “From Profiles to Pathways: The Road to Recruitment.” E-Journal USA (U.S. Department
of State), (May 11, 2007). Available at: http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-
english/2007/May/20080522173120SrenoD0.3425867.html; Craig Whitlock, “Terrorists Proving Harder to
Profile.” Washington Post, (March 12, 2007). Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2007/03/11/AR2007031101618.html; “Will Profiling Make a Difference?” New York
Times, (January 4, 2010). Available at: http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/04/will-profiling-
make-a-difference/; Garrine P. Laney, “Racial Profiling: Issues and Federal Legislative Proposals and
Options.” Congressional Research Service, (February, 17, 2004). Available at:
http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/crsreports/crsdocuments/RL32231_02172004.pdf, P. 5-7.
42
“Community Policing Defined.” US Department of Justice, (December 15, 2009). Available at:
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=36.
43
Yili Xu, Mora L. Fiedler, and Karl H. Flaming, “Discovering the Impact of Community Policing:
Discovering the Broken Windows Thesis, Collective Efficacy, and Citizens’ Judgment.” Journal of
Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 42, No. 2, (May 2005), P. 147-186.
44
Dennis L Jensen, Enhancing Homeland Security Efforts by Building Strong Relationships Between the
Muslim Community and Local Law Enforcement.” Naval Postgraduate School, (March 2006). Available
at: http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2006/Mar/06Mar_Jensen.pdf; William McCormack,
“State and Local Law Enforcement: Contributions to Terrorism Prevention.” FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin, (March 2009). Available at: http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2009/march2009/terrorism.htm.
For an international perspective, see: “Australia: Community Policing to Fight Terrorism Down Under.”
Security Management, (June 27, 2007). Available at: http://www.securitymanagement.com/news/australia-
community-policing-fight-terrorism-down-under; “Community Policing the Best Way to Fight Terrorism.”
Australia Broadcast Corporation, (October 15, 2007). Available at:
http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/10/15/2059628.htm.
45
“Complete 911 Timeline: ‘Lackwanna Six.’” History Commons, (N.D.). Available at:
http://www.historycommons.org/timeline.jsp?complete_911_timeline_al_qaeda_by_region=complete_911
_timeline__lackawanna_six_&timeline=complete_911_timeline.
46
Mary Beth Sheridan, “Hardball Tactics in an Era of Threats.” Washington Post, (September 3, 2006).
Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2006/09/02/AR2006090201096_pf.html.
47
Craig Horowitz, “Anatomy of a Foiled Plot.” New York Magazine, (May 21, 2005). Available at:
http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/features/10559/.
48
Mike Wilkinson and Christina Hall, “3 Charged in Terror Plot; Local Suspects Planned Attacks in Iraq.”
Toledo Blade, (February 22, 2006). Available at:
http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060222/NEWS03/60222005.
49
Craig Whitlock and Dafna Linzer, “Tip Followed ’05 Attacks on London Transit.” Washington Post,
(August 11, 2006). Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2006/08/10/AR2006081001654.html.
50
Arun Kundnani, “The FBI’s ‘Good’ Muslims.” Agence Global, (September 1, 2011). Available at:
http://www.agenceglobal.com/article.asp?id=2629.
51
Sheyenne Rodriguez, “Leaders Speak Out About Terror Arrests.” WTVD-TV, (August 2, 2009).
Available at: http://abclocal.go.com/wtvd/story?section=news/local&id=6944847.
52
Garrett Gumbinner, “Criminal Complaint United States v. Najibullah Zazi.” United States Department of
Justice, (September 19, 2009). Available at: http://www.9news.com/pdfs/N.Zazi.pdf, P. 5-6.
53
Eileen Sullivan, “FBI to Senators: Terror Case Wasn’t Damaged.” Associated Press, (September 30,
2009). Available at: http://wire.antiwar.com/2009/09/30/fbi-to-senators-terror-case-wasnt-damaged/; A.G.
Sulzberger, “Imam and Informant Tells Why He Lied.” New York Times, (April 15, 2010). Available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/nyregion/16imam.html?_r=1.

17
54
Sulzberger, “Imam and Informant Tells”
55
Scott Shane, “Pakistan Detains Five Americans in Raid Tied to Militants.” New York Times, (December
9, 2009). Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/10/world/asia/10inquire.html.
56
Amy Goodman and Juan Gonzalez, “Muslim Vendor Gets No Credit in Helping to Foil Times Square
Bomb Plot.” Democracy Now!, (May 6, 2010). Available at:
http://www.democracynow.org/2010/5/6/muslim_vendor_gets_no_credit_in; “Who is the Real ‘Hero of
Times Square’?” The Week, (May 3, 2010). Available at:
http://theweek.com/article/index/202564/Who_is_the_real_Hero_of_Times_Square.
57
Noam N. Levey and Geraldine Baum, “Two N.J. Men Arrested at JFK on Terrorism Charges.” Los
Angeles Times, (June 7, 2010). Available at: http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/07/nation/la-na-nj-
terrorism-20100607/2; “Fathers of N.J. Suspects Face First Court Day of International Terrorism Case.”
Newark Star-Ledger, (June 8, 2010). Available at:
http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/06/fathers_of_nj_terror_suspects.html.
58
Gary T. Kubota, “FBI Terror Case Aided by Hawaii Muslims.” Honolulu Star Advertiser, (October 27,
2010). Available at:
http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/hawaiinews/20101027_FBI_terror_case_aided_by_Hawaii_Muslims.h
tml
59
Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman, “Officials: Muslim Source Turned in Terror Suspect.” Associated
Press, (October 28, 2010). Available at: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39894024/from/toolbar.
60
Dan Murphy, “Who Saved the Day in Yemen Bomb Plot? Once Again, A Muslim.” Christian Science
Monitor, (November 2, 2010). Available at: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-
East/2010/1102/Who-saved-the-day-in-Yemen-bomb-plot-Once-again-a-Muslim; “Wanted Saudi Al-Qaida
Operative Surrenders to Saudi Authorities.” Associated Press, (October 19, 2010). Available at:
http://tinyurl.com/4whauwv; “Al-Qaeda Suspect Surrenders.” Agence France Presse, (October 15, 2010),
Available at: http://www.nation.co.ke/News/world/Al%20Qaeda%20suspect%20surrenders/-
/1068/1033766/-/9pvqofz/-/; Hamza Hendawi and Ahmed Al-Haj, “Yemen: Al-Qaida Insider Told Saudis
of Bomb Plot.” Associated Press, (November 1, 2010). Available at: http://tinyurl.com/46u4qac.
61
Liz Robbins and Edward Hyatt, “Bomb Plot Foiled at Holiday Event in Oregon.” New York Times,
(November 28, 2010). Available at: http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10332/1106671-84.stm.
62
“Post-9/11 Jihadist Terrorism Cases Involving U.S. Citizens and Residents: An Overview.” New America
Foundation/Syracuse University Maxwell School of Public Policy, (March 2011). Available at:
http://homegrown.newamerica.net/sites/homegrown.newamerica.net/files/Homegrown_Terrorism_Narrativ
e.pdf, P. 4.; Charles Kurzman, “Muslim-American Terrorism Since 9/11: An Accounting.” University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, (February 2, 2011). Available at:
http://sanford.duke.edu/centers/tcths/about/documents/Kurzman_Muslim-
American_Terrorism_Since_911_An_Accounting.pdf, P. 6.
63
“Informant Who Divulged Terror Plot to FBI is a Convicted Felon.” KING 5.com, (June 24, 2011).
Available at: http://www.king5.com/home/Informant-who-divulged-terror-plot-to-FBI-is-a-convicted-
felon-124511549.html.
64
“Uzbek National Pleads Guilty to Charges Threatening to Kill the President and Providing Material
Support to Terrorist Activity.” Federal Bureau of Investigation, (February 2012). Available at:
http://1.usa.gov/yFtVBF; “Illegal Alien from Uzbekistan Indicted for Threatening to Kill the President and
Possessing Machine Gun and Grenades.” Federal Bureau of Investigation, (July 26, 2011). Available at:
http://1.usa.gov/HEuH4r.
65
“Florida Resident Charged with Plotting to Bomb Locations in Tampa.” U.S. Department of Justice,
(January 9, 2012). Available at: http://www.justice.gov/usao/flm/press/2012/jan/20120109_Osmakac.html.
66
“Father of Terror Suspect Reportedly Warned U.S. About Son.” Fox News, (December 26, 2009).
Available at: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2009/12/26/father-terror-suspect-reportedly-warned-son-
1857952999/.
67
Sebastian Rotella, “FBI Was Warned Years in Advance of Mumbai Attacker’s Terror Ties.” ProPublica,
(October 15, 2010). Available at: http://www.propublica.org/article/mumbai-plot-fbi-was-warned-years-in-
advance; Sebastian Rotella, “Newly Discovered Warnings About David Headley Reveal a Troubling
Timeline in Mumbai Case.” ProPublica, (November 5, 2010). Available at:
http://www.propublica.org/article/newly-discovered-warnings-about-headley-reveal-a-troubling-timeline-
in-mumb.

18
68
“COPS FY 2009 Funding.” Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services,
(December 8, 2009). Available at: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=46.
69
One prominent example of ongoing research to reduce biased policing is the Consortium for Police
Leadership in Equity, based at the University of California Los Angeles. See: http://cple.psych.ucla.edu/.
70
Lorie Fridell and Anna T. Laszlo, “Reducing Biased Policing Through Better Training.” Community
Police Dispatch, Vol. 2, No. 2, (February 2009). Available at:
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/html/dispatch/February_2009/biased_policing.htm.
71
Matthew Lysakowski, Albert Antony Pearsall III, and Jill Pope, “Policing in New Immigrant
Communities.” US Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, (June 2009),
http://www.vera.org/download?file=2889/e060924209-NewImmigrantCommunities.pdf. P. 8-10.
72
For instance see: David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa, “Anti-Terror Lessons of
Muslim-Americans.” Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy, (January 6, 2010). Available at:
http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf.
73
For further discussion, see: Mark A. Randol, “Terrorism Information Sharing and the Nationwide
Suspicious Activity Report Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress.” Congressional Research
Service, (November 5, 2009). Available at: http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40901_20091105.pdf.
74
Interview with Mohamed Elibiary, dated 10/15/09. Elibiary is the CEO and President of the Freedom and
Justice Foundation (F&J). F&J is an educational non-profit working to enhance Centrist Public Policy
development and implementation through the civic and interfaith engagement of Texas Muslims. See:
www.freeandjust.org.

19
 Post 9/11
Terrorism Incident
Database
 Appendix A: Statistical Table of Muslim Terrorism Incidents Against the United States Since 9/11/01
Name Date of Ideology Implemented/ Operational # of CBRN
Arrest/Attack Prevented Stage? Deaths
1. Richard Reid 12/2001 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
2. Jose Padilla 5/8/2002 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
3. Imran Mandhai and Shueyb Jokhan 5/18/2002 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
4. Hesham Mohamed Hedayet 7/2002 Muslim Implemented Yes 2 --
Extremist
5. “Lackawanna 6” 9/2002 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
6. Iyman Faris 3/2003 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
7. “Virginia Jihad Network/11” 6/2003 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
8. Dhiren Barot 8/2004 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
9. James ElShafay/ 8/2004 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Shahawar Siraj Extremist
10. Yassin M. Aref/ 8/2004 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Mohammed M. Hossain Extremist
11. Hamid Hayat 6/2005 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
12. Jamaat us-Saheeh 8/2005 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
(4 people) Extremist
13. Mohammad Amawi, Marwan 2/2006 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Othman Al-Hindi, Wassim Extremist
Mazloum
14. Mohammed Taheri-Azar 3/2006 Muslim Implemented Yes 0 --
Extremist
15. Ehsanul Islam Sadequee and Syed 4/2006 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Haris Ahmed Extremist
16. Assem Hammoud 7/2006 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
17. Naveed Haq 7/28/2006 Muslim Implemented Yes 1 --
Extremist
18. Transatlantic Bomb Plot 8/2006 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
19. Adnan Mirza 11/28/2006 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
20. Daniel Maldonado 1/2007 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
21. Fort Dix, NJ Plot 5/7/2007 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
22. JFK Airport Plot 6/2/2007 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
23. Mohammed Jabarah 1/2008 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
24. Christopher Paul 6/2008 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
25. Bryant Neal Vinas 11/2008 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
26. “Newburgh Four” 5/20/2009 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
27. Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad 6/1/2009 Muslim Implemented Yes 1 --
Extremist
28. “North Carolina 7” 7/27/2009 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
10
29. Michael Finton 9/16/2009 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
30. Hosam Smadi 9/17/2009 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
31. Najibullah Zazi 9/19/2009 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
32. Colleen LaRose 10/2009 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
33. Tarek Mehanna 10/21/2009 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
34. Nidal Hasan 11/6/2009 Muslim Implemented Yes 13 --
Extremist
35. “Virginia 5” 12/10/09 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
36. Umar Farouk Abdulmuttallab 12/25/09 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
37. Faisal Shahzad 4/30/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
38. Mohamed Mahmood Alessa & 6/6/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Carlos Eduardo Almonte Extremist
39. Zachary Chesser 7/21/2010 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
40. Paul G. Rockwood 7/21/2010 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
41. Shaker Masri 8/3/2010 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
42. Abdel Hameed Shehadeh 10/26/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
43. Farooque Ahmed 10/28/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
44. “Air Cargo Bomb Plot”/ 10/29/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Ibrahim Hassan Al-Asiri(?) Extremist
45. Mohamed Osman Mohamud 11/27/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
46. Craig Baxam 12/2011 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
47. Antonio Martinez 12/8/2010 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
48. Emerson Begolly 01/04/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
49. Roger Stockham 01/24/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
(Anti-Shia)
50. Khalid Al-Dawsari 2/24/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
51. Waad Alwan 5/30/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
52. Abu Khalid Abdul-Latif & 6/23/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Walli Mujahidh Extremist
53. Ulugbek Kodirov 07/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
54. Naser Jason Abdo 7/28/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
55. Mansour Arbabsiar 09/2011 Muslim Prevented No 0 --
Extremist
(Iranian)
56. Rezwan Ferdaus 9/26/2011 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
57. Jose Pimentel 11/21/11 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist

11
58. Sami Osmakac 1/7/2012 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
59. Amine El-Khalifi 02/2012 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
60. Ibrahim Hassan Al-Asiri (2) 5/2012 Muslim Prevented Yes 0 --
Extremist
Totals
60 incidents/plots - - 5 47 17 0 cases
Implemented/ Operational/ deaths
55 Prevented 13
Aspirational

Definitions and Research Parameters: All entries were specifically chosen because they fit this report’s
definition of violent extremism. The term violent extremism, in our view, is synonymous with the term
“terrorism.” We define violent extremism based on Title 28 Section 0.85 of the U.S. Code of Federal
Regulations, “the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives."
This replaces the Database’s earlier definition which was: “A criminal act inspired by political ideology that
seeks to employ violence against unarmed human “civilians” (as defined by the Geneva Conventions).”

Incidents involving so-called “eco-terrorists” tend to be excluded because they mostly target property rather
than humans and is perhaps better termed as “eco-sabotage”.

Furthermore the Database does not examine directly non-violent, but problematic legal offenses such as
material support provisions. Database research specifically examines violations of the law involving violent
offenses such as murder, engaging in terrorism training, engaging in terrorism and illicit possession of firearms,
explosives and other “weapons of mass destruction”, as statutorily defined under U.S. federal and state criminal
laws.

A terrorist plot is considered to reach “operational” stage if the suspected individuals have possessed or
attempted to possess “weapons” for an attack by the time of their arrest and/or attack. “Weapons” are put in
quotations because this database also categorizes individuals such as the “Newburgh Four” as having reached
the operational stage, yet the materials given to them during the sting operation leading to their arrests were
fake explosives. If no possession or attempted possession of weapons taken place, the plot is categorized as
“aspirational”.

When the “United States” is mentioned, this is in reference to the American homeland, specifically the 50
federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with federal government, the District of
Columbia and the unincorporated territories of the United States – specifically American Samoa, Guam, the
Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and United States Virgin Islands.

For the purposes of conceptual clarity, we define a “Muslim” as a person who belongs to one of the eight major
Islamic major schools of thought represented as a signatory to the Amman Message. We use this as our metric
because for defining a “Muslim” because the Amman Message document reflects a rare modern-day cross-
sectarian consensus. Any Islamic school of thought not represented in the document would be entered into our
non-Muslim category. For more about the Amman Message, see: www.ammanmessage.com.

Plots entered into the Database are described as “threatening” the United States. Many of the plots accounted
for in the Database are American citizens or legal permanent residents who do not directly target the “United
States” (as defined above), rather they join or seek to join terrorist groups that may target Americans abroad.
Nonetheless these plots are included because transnational war volunteers – also referred to as “Muslim Foreign
Fighters” by former Harvard Kennedy School Fellow Thomas Hegghammer, end up becoming a significant
source of recruitment for Al-Qaeda operatives to strike at Western countries and interests, including the United
12
States, later in their militant careers. As Hegghamer describes, “In the short term, Muslim foreign fighters pose
a limited threat to the West, but in the long term they fuel international terrorism. Not all foreign fighters
become al-Qaida operatives, but most al-Qaida operatives start as foreign fighters.” See: Thomas Hegghamer,
“The Foreign Fighter Phenomenon: Islam and Transnational Militancy.” Harvard University Kennedy School of
Government, (February 2011). Available at:
http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Hegghammer_policy_brief_feb_2011.pdf.

Finally we define a “community tip” as any self-described “Muslim” (as defined above) who voluntarily
submits information to any law enforcement and/or intelligence agency related to the prevention of a terrorist
plot and is not employed as an informant for a law enforcement and/or intelligence agency in an official
capacity due to agreement based on financial payment and/or legal coercion.

Note on data categorizing: All data entries in italics represent incidents/plots occurring after Barack Obama’s
2008 Presidential election victory.

Note on incidents involving possible mental health issues: Though some analysts speculate that the alleged
mental health issues of Jared Lee Loughner, accused of shooting Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) and killing 6
others, may have heavily influenced his motive behind the shooting, the possible presence of mental health
issues, per se, does not altogether exempt the case from being classified as a terrorist act, given that there also
appears to be political motives, such as Sovereign Citizen beliefs according the domestic extremism expert J.J.
McNab, behind the attack. See: Janet Novak, “Expert: Loughner Rants Sound Like Sovereign Citizen Beliefs.”
Forbes.com, (January 12, 2011). Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/janetnovack/2011/01/12/expert-
loughner-rants-sound-like-sovereign-citizen-beliefs/.

Similarly some have noted the presence of mental health issues and possible workplace grievances as
motivating factors in Bruce Ivins presumed bio-terrorism anthrax attacks. However, the supporting affidavit in
support of the search warrant for Ivin’s residence also noted that he held political and religious grievances
against members of the U.S. Senate who supported pro-choice laws and opposed the USA PATRIOT Act.

We have decided to enter both cases into our Database. The examples of “DC Sniper” John Allen Muhammad
and anti-abortion militant Scott Roeder both involved clearly stated political motives that also allow their cases
to be classified as terrorist acts, despite the existence of mental health issues.

This position has also been supported by RAND terrorism expert Brian Michael Jenkins and Senate Homeland
Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Joseph Lieberman. See: “The Fort Hood Attack: A
Preliminary Assessment.” Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, (November 19,
2009). Available at:
http://www.senate.gov/fplayers/I2009/urlPlayer.cfm?fn=govtaff111909&st=960&dur=10050. (Specific remarks
by Mr. Jenkins and Senate Lieberman begin at 96:00 mark.)

Note on Waad Alwan: Only Waad Alwan is listed in the Database, excluding his alleged co-conspirator
Mohanad Shareef Hammadi because according to a Federal affidavit the former is charged with attempted
murder and violence through terrorism, whereas the latter is only accused of material support. For more
information on the court charges, see: http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Unsealed-
Alwan-Hammadi-Indictment.pdf.

Update, 4/13/2010: The case of Raja Lahrasib Khan has been removed from MPAC’s Database. Although the
original criminal complaint contained an allegation of some sort of involvement in planning an attack against an
unspecified Chicago sports stadium – which would merit Khan’s inclusion in MPAC’s Database – the U.S.
Government’s formal indictment does not include that among the charges. According to an Associated Press
story, “The indictment says nothing about an attack on a stadium. It merely says Khan twice sent money
13
intended as aid for Osama bin Laden’s terrorist network.” Source: Mike Robinson, “Raja Lahrasib Khan,
Chicago Taxi Driver, Pleads Not Guilty To Aiding Al Qaeda.” Associated Press, (April 5, 2010). Available at:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/05/raja-lahrasib-khan-chicag_0_n_525673.html.

Update, 8/23/2011: The case of Ahmed Ferhani and Mohamed Mamdouh is removed from the Database.
Although the original criminal complaint from the State of New York contained an allegation of attempting to
kill Jews and possibly bomb the Empire State Building – which would merit Ferhani and Mamdouh’s inclusion
into the Database – a New York State’s formal grand jury indictment does not include that among the charges.
According to a New York Times story, “The state grand jury that heard evidence against the men declined to
indict them on the charges of second-degree conspiracy as a crime of terrorism and as a hate crime, rejecting the
prosecution’s assertion that they had plotted to blow up synagogues while there were worshippers inside.
Instead, the panel favored lesser charges that suggested that the defendants, at best, had wanted to destroy a
synagogue when it was empty.” Source: William K. Rashbaum and Colin Moynihan, “Most Serious Charges
Are Rejected in Terror Case.” New York Times, (June 15, 2011). Available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/16/nyregion/most-serious-charges-rejected-in-synagogue-bomb-
plot.html?_r=1.

Sources for main Muslim extremist statistical table: Jena Baker McNeill and James Jay Carafano, “Terrorist
Watch: 23 Plots Foiled Since 9/11.” Heritage Foundation, (July 2, 2009). Available at:
http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity/bg2294.cfm; Jena Baker McNeill and James Jay
Carafano, “26 Foiled Terror Plots Show Success of Information Sharing.” Heritage Foundation, (September 29,
2009). Available at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity/wm2634.cfm; Jena Baker McNeill,
“Another Terror Plot Foiled: 27 Since 9/11.” Heritage Foundation, (October 21, 2009). Available at:
http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity/wm2663a.cfm; Jena Baker McNeill, “Detroit Terror Plot
Makes 28 Plots Foiled Since 9/11.” Heritage Foundation, (December 26, 2009). Available at:
http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity/wm2741.cfm; Jena McNeill Baker, James Carafano, and
Jessica Zuckerman, “30 Terrorist Plots Foiled: How the System Worked.” Heritage Foundation, (April 29,
2010). Available at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/04/30-Terrorist-Plots-Foiled-How-the-
System-Worked; Jerome P. Bjelopera and Mark Randol, “American Jihadist Terrorism: Combating a Complex
Threat.” Congressional Research Service, (December 7, 2010). Available at: P. 67-124. Claire Suddath,
“Bryant Neal Vinas: An American in Al Qaeda.” TIME, (July 24, 2009). Available at:
http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1912512,00.html; Kelcey Carson, “Taheri-Azar Wanted to
Punish U.S. Gov’t, He Says in 911 Call.” WRAL.com, (March 6, 2006). Available at:
http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/1091484/; “Pakistan Arrests 5 Men Reported Missing in United States.”
CNN, (December 10, 2009). Available at:
http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/09/pakistan.arrests/index.html; Abby Goodnough and Liz
Robbins, “Mass. Man Arrested in Terrorism Case.” New York Times, (October 21, 2009). Available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/22/us/22terror.html; Dina Temple-Raston, “‘JihadJane’ Creates a Calamity
for Authorities.” National Public Radio, (March 10, 2010). Available at:
http://www.scpr.org/news/2010/03/10/jihad-jane-creates-a-calamity-for-authorities/, Alison Gendar, James
Gordon Meek, Rocco Parascandola, Corky Siemaszko, “Pakistani-American Faisal Shahzad, Suspect in Foiled
Times Square Bomb Plot, Arrested.” New York Daily News, (May 4, 2010). Available at:
http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2010/05/03/2010-05-
03_times_square_car_bomb_square_evidence_points_to_overseas_terrorist_involvement_w.html; Jeff Shields
and Tanya Weinberg, “2 Muslims Indicted in 4 Bomb Plots.” Orlando Sentinel, (May 18, 2002). Available at:
http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2002-05-18/news/0205180353_1_armory-fort-lauderdale-power-station;
Brian Ross and Vic Walter, “FBI Informant Says Agent Missed Chance to Stop 9/11 Ringleader Mohammed
Atta.” ABC News, (September 10, 2009). Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Whistleblowers/911-
ringleader-mohammed-atta-stopped-fbi-informant/story?id=8540605; “Feds Tracked N.J. Terror Suspects for
Years.” USA Today, (6/6/10). Available at: http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-06-06-terrorism-
arrest_N.htm?csp=34news; Scott Shane, “2 Americans in Cases Tied to Terrorism.” New York Times, (July 21,
14
2010). Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/22/us/22terror.html. Don Babwin, “Shaker Masri Terror
Plot: Chicago Man Accused of Attempting to Aid Al Qaida.” Associated Press, (August 4, 2010). Available at:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/04/shaker-masri-terror-plot-_n_670679.html; “Washington Subway
System Targeted in Plot.” Associated Press, Washington Post, and New York Times, (October 28, 2010).
Available at: http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/nation/stories/DN-
terror_28nat.ART.State.Edition1.477ebbb.html; Scott Shane, “U.S. Hunts for More Suspicious Packages.” New
York Times, (October 29, 2010). Available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/us/30plane.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss; Dan Murphy, “AQAP
Bombmaker Ibrahim Hassan Al-Asiri Emerges as Key Yemen Suspect.” Christian Science Monitor, (November
2, 2010). Available at: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/1102/AQAP-bombmaker-Ibrahim-
Hassan-al-Asiri-emerges-as-key-Yemen-suspect; Bryan Denson, “FBI Thwarts Terrorist Bombing Attempt at
Portland Holiday Tree Lighting, Authorities Say.” The Oregonian, (November 26, 2010). Available at:
http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2010/11/fbi_thwarts_terrorist_bombing.html; Bruce Goldfarb,
“Federal Agents Describe Case Against Antonio Martinez.” Arbutus Patch, (December 8, 2010). Available at:
http://arbutus.patch.com/articles/federal-agents-describe-case-against-martinez; “Justice, FBI: Los Angeles
Airport Shooting was an Act of Terror.” CNN, (April 12, 2003). Available at: http://articles.cnn.com/2003-04-
12/justice/airport.shooting_1_federal-investigators-israelis-terror?_s=PM:LAW; Donald J. DeGabrielle, “US
Citizen Sentenced to Prison for Receiving Military Training from a Terrorist Organization.” Department of
Justice, (July 20, 2007). Available at:
http://web.archive.org/web/20071020032329/http://houston.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel07/houston072007.htm;
Gary T. Kubota, “FBI Terror Case Aided by Hawaii Muslims.” Honolulu Star Advertiser, (October 27, 2010).
Available at:
http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/hawaiinews/20101027_FBI_terror_case_aided_by_Hawaii_Muslims.html;
Alison Gendar, Michael J. Feeney, Corky Siemaszko, “Abdel Hameed Shehadeh, Wannabe Jihadi from Staten
Island, was on Feds’ Radar Two Years Ago.” New York Daily News, (October 26, 2010). Available at:
http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2010/10/26/2010-10-
26_abdel_hameed_shehadeh_wannabe_jihadi_from_staten_island_was_on_feds_radar_two_ye.html; Khalid
Al-Dawsari, “Texas Student Khalid Aldawsari Arrested on Terror Charges; Targeted George W. Bush.” ABC
News, (February 24, 2011). Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/texan-charged-plans-bomb-bush-
home-dams-nuclear/story?id=12990927; Lauren Cox, “Fort Hood Motive Terrorism or Mental Illness?” ABC
News, (November 9, 2009). Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/print?id=9019410. Julie Gerstein, “Two
Arrested in Synagogue Bomb Plot” New York Magazine, (May 13, 2011). Available at:
http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/05/two_arrested_in_synagogue_bomb.html; “Iraqi in Kentucky boasted of
IED attacks.” CBS News, (June 1, 2011). Available at:
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/06/01/national/main20067851.shtml; Jeremy Pelofsky, “UPDATE 2 –
Two Arrested in Seattle in Plot Against Military.” Reuters, (June 23, 2011). Available at:
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/23/usa-security-seattle-idUSN1E75M1U020110623; “Official: Soldier
Said He Wanted to Attack Fort Hood Troops.” CNN, (July 28, 2011). Available at: http://articles.cnn.com/2011-
07-28/justice/fort.hood.arrest_1_nidal-hasan-guns-galore-abdo?_s=PM:CRIME. “United States of America vs
Adnan Babar Mirza.” United States District Court Southern District of Texas Houston Division, (September 19,
2007). Available at: http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/1203.pdf; “People of the State
of New York against Jose Pimentel aka Muhammad Yusuf.” Criminal Court of the City of New York,
(November 20, 2011). Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/73312755/Jose-Pimentel-Complaint; “Florida
Resident Charged with Plotting to Bomb Locations in Tampa.” U.S. Department of Justice, (January 9, 2012).
Available at: http://www.justice.gov/usao/flm/press/2012/jan/20120109_Osmakac.html; Former US soldier
Craig Baxam ‘help al-Shabab’.” BBC News, (January 9th, 2012). Available at
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16478853
Agron Hasbajrami Charged in Plot to Join Pakistani Jihad Group.” Huffington Post, (September 9th, 2011).
Available at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/09/agron-hasbajrami-charged-_n_955903.html

15
Federal agents arrest Amine El-Khalifi; he allegedly planned to bomb Capitol.” The Washington Post,
(February 17th, 2012). Available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-agents-
arrest-man-who-allegedly-planned-suicide-bombing-on-us-capitol/2012/02/17/gIQAtYZ7JR_story.html
Guilty plea in plot to kill President Obama.” RTE News, (February 10th, 2012) Available at
http://www.rte.ie/news/2012/0210/obama.html?view=print?view=print; “Online statements, arsenal of weapons
keep suspect in jail.” Post-Gazette, (January 14th, 2011). Available at http://old.post-
gazette.com/pg/11014/1117855-455.stm; “Mosque terror suspect has history of mental issues, crime.” Press &
Guide Newspapers, (February 1st, 2011). Available at
http://www.pressandguide.com/articles/2011/02/01/news/doc4d484f255e810110855493.txt?viewmode=fullstor
y; Scott Shane and Eric Schmitt, “Double Agent Disrupted Bombing Plot.” New York Times, (May 8, 2012).
Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/world/middleeast/suicide-mission-volunteer-was-double-
agent-officials-say.html?pagewanted=all; Ryan J. Reilly, “FBI Arrests Man for Plotting to Attack Capitol,
Pentagon with C-4 Loaded Remote Controlled Planes.” TPM Muckracker, (September 28, 2011). Available at:
http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/09/rezwan_ferdaus_fbi_arrests_man_for_trying_to_attack_c
apitol_penta.php;

16
 Appendix B: Statistical Table of Non-Muslim Domestic Terrorism Incidents Since 9/11/01
No. Name Date of Ideology Implemented/ Operational # of CBRN
Arrest/ Prevented Stage Deaths Possession
Attack
1. Steve 10/14/2001 White supremacist/ Implemented Yes 0 --
Anderson Christian Extremist
2. Clayton Lee 12/5/2001 Anti-abortion Implemented Yes 0 --
Wagner
3. Irving Rubin 10/11/2001 Anti-Government/ Prevented No 0 --
& Jewish extremist
Earl Krugel
4. Michael 1/4/2002 Neo-Nazi National Prevented Yes 0 --
Edward Smith Alliance
5. David Burgert 2/8/2002 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
& Tracy
Brockway
6. Joseph D. 3/2002 Anarchist Prevented Yes 0 C
Konopka
7. Charles Robert 7/19/2002 KKK affiliated Prevented Yes 0 --
Barefoot Jr.
8. Robert J. 8/22/2002 Jewish Extremist Prevented Yes 0 --
Goldstein
9. Larry Raugust 10/3/2002 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
10. Andrew 11/19/2002 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 1 --
Mickel
11. Matt Hale 1/8/20003 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
12. James D. 1/18/2003 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Brailey
13. David Wayne 2/13/2003 KKK Prevented Yes 0 --
Hull
14. David Roland 4/3/2003 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Hinkson
15. William Krar 4/10/2003 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 C
16. John Noster 6/4/2003 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
17. Scott 7/7/2003 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 1 --
Woodring
18. Norma 10/10/2003 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Somerville
19. Sean Gillespie 4/1/2004 Neo-Nazi Skinhead Prevented Yes 0 --
20. Wade and 5/24/2004 Political extremists Implemented Yes 1 --
Chris Lay
21. Andrew 9/21/2004 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
Ostanowski
22. Ivan Duane 10/13/2004 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
Braden
23. Demetrius 10/25/2004 White supremacist Prevented Yes 0 C
Crocker (attempted)
24. Earl Flippen 12/19/2004 Aryan Brotherhood Implemented Yes 2 --
25. Brian Nichols 3/2005 Racial Extremist Implemented Yes 4 --
26. Craig Orler & 5/20/2005 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
Gabriel Carafa
27. Daniel J. 6/10/2005 KKK Prevented Yes 0 --
Schertz
28. David J. 3/19/2006 Anti-tax (IRS) Prevented Yes 0 --
D’Addabbo
29. Liberty City 7 6/2006 “Seas of David” Prevented Yes 0 --
Cult
30. Denys Ray 10/3/2006 Survivalist Prevented Yes 0 B
Hughes (attempted)
17
31. Raymond Kirk 4/26/2007 Anti-immigrant Prevented Yes 0 --
Dillard
32. Jason 5/19/2007 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 3 --
Hamilton
33. Michael Curtis 7/13/2007 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Reynolds
34. Christopher 7/31/2007 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
Riendeau
35. Dennis Clem 8/10/2007 Aryan Circle Implemented Yes 2 --
36. Michael 8/15/2007 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 1 --
Phillips
37. Ed and Elaine 10/5/2007 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
Brown
38. Michael Alan 1/29/2008 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 B
Crooker (attempted)
39. Robert Bayliss 4/3/2008 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
40. Bradley T. 6/8/2008 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Kahle, Marvin
E. Hall &
Perry Landis
41. United Cities 7/8/2008 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
Group
42. Jim Adkisson 7/27/2008 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 2 --
43. Bruce E. Ivins 8/1/2008 Anti-Abortion & Implemented Yes 5 B
Christian Extremist
44. David Guy 9/3/2008 Anarchist Prevented Yes 0 --
McKay &
Bradley Neal
Crowder
45. Daniel Cowart 10/24/2008 White supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
& Paul
Schlesselman
46. James G. 12/9/2008 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 R
Cummings
47. Bruce & 12/12/2008 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 2 --
Joshua
Turnidge
48. Kody Ray 12/16/2008 White supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
Brittingham
49. Ronald L. 1/6/2009 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Struve
50. Keith Luke 1/21/2009 White supremacist Implemented Yes 2 --
51. Harold Call 3/7/2009 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
52. Richard 4/4/2009 White supremacist Implemented Yes 3 --
Andrew
Poplawski
53. Philip Bay 4/6/2009 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
54. Daniel Hayden 4/11/2009 Anti-Government Prevented No 0 --
55. Joshua 4/25/2009 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 2 --
Cartwright
56. Andrew Steven 5/31/2009 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Gray
57. Scott Roeder 5/31/2009 Anti-abortion, Implemented Yes 1 --
Christian Extremist
58. James von 6/10/2009 Neo-Nazi Implemented Yes 1 --
Brunn
59. Shawn Forde 6/12/2009 Anti-immigrant Implemented Yes 2 --
60. Dennis Mahon 6/25/2009 Neo-Nazi Implemented Yes 0 --
and Daniel
Mahon
18
61. Robert Joos 6/25/2009 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
62. Glibert Ortez 7/14/2009 Neo-Nazi Implemented Yes 1 --
Sympathizer
63. John Thomas 9/4/2009 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
and sympathizers
Burl Thomas
64. Mark Mentzer 9/24/2009 White Prevented Yes 0 --
& Supremacist/KKK
Joshua Little
65. Benjamin 10/9/2009 Unknown Prevented Yes 0 --
Kuzelka
66. Christopher 11/7/2009 Unknown Implemented Yes 1 --
Monfort
67. John Brek 10/21/2009 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
68. Mark 11/25/2009 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Campano
69. Warren Taylor 12/23/2009 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
70. Charles Dyer 1/15/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
71. Richard 1/20/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Cobley
72. Gregory 2/10/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Girard
73. Lowell 2/11/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Aughenbaugh
74. Joseph A. 2/18/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 2 --
Stack
75. John Patrick 3/4/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
Bedell
76. Brody James 3/25/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
Whitaker
77. Norman 3/29/2010 Anti-Jewish/ Prevented No 0 --
Leboon Millenialist
78. Brandon Lee 4/2010 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
Hall
79. Mark Simmons 04/2010 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 1 --
80. Joseph Jeffrey 04/2010 Muslim Extremist Prevented Yes 0 --
Brice but is non-Muslim
81. Walter 4/1/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Fitzpatrick
82. Charles Alan 4/6/2010 Anti-Government Prevented No 0 --
Wilson
83. Gregory Lee 4/7/2010 Anti-Government Prevented No 0 --
Giusti
84. Larry Eugene 4/7/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
North
85. Matthew 4/15/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Fairfield
86. Darren Huff 4/20/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
87. Ross William 4/22/2010 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 1 --
Muehlberger
88. Patrick Nugent 5/3/2010 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 0 --
Jr.
89. Sandlin Smith 5/10/2010 Anti-Muslim Implemented Yes 0 --
90. Jerry Kane 5/20/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 2 --
and Joseph
Kane
91. Byron 7/21/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
Williams
92. Raymond 7/29/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 1 --
Peake and
19
 Thomas Tuso
93. Wayde Lynn 8/30/2012 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
Kurt
94. James J. Lee 9/1/2010 Environmental Implemented Yes 0 --
Extremist
95. Richard 9/13/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
McLeod
96. Victor 9/19/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Dewayne
White
97. James Patock 11/3/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
98. Mark Krause 12/7/2010 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
99. Clay Duke 12/14/2010 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
100. Justin Vieira 12/25/2010 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
101. Steven Scott 12/28/2010 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 0 --
Cantrell
102. Jared Lee 1/8/20111/ Anti-Government Implemented No 6 --
Loughner
103. Charles 12/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Habermann
104. Willam 1/18/2011 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
Harpham Sympathizer
105. David Russell 1/25/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Myrland
106. Jeffrey Harbin 1/26/2011 Neo-Nazi Prevented Yes 0 --
107. Schaeffer Cox 3/10/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
& 4 others
108. Donny E. 3/10/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
Mower
109. John Matika 4/1/2011 Single Issue (Gun Prevented Yes 0 --
Control)
110. Robert Olson 4/1/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
111. James Tesi 6/25/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
112. Firebombed 7/2011 Single Issue (Anti- Implemented Yes 0 --
Health Center Abortion)
(unknown
attacker)
113. Glenn Neff 8/22/2011 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
114. Joseph 8/24/2011 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
Gamache
115. Holly Grisgby 10/5/11 White Supremacist Implemented Yes 4 --
& David
Peterson
116. Frederick 11/2/11 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 B
Thomas, (attempted)
Emory Dan
Roberts, Ray
Adams &
Samuel Crump
117. Mary Morgan 11/7/11 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
118. Oscar Ortega 11/20/11 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
119. Eli Franklin 12/20/11 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 1 --
Myers
120. Shawn Rice 12/22/11 Anti-Government Prevented Yes 0 --
121. Ray Lazier 1/1/12 Anti-Muslim Implemented Yes 0 --
Lengend
122. Danny Lee 1/4/12 Neo-Nazi/White Prevented Yes 0 --
Warner Supremacist
123. Francis G. 01/2012 Anti-abortion Implemented Yes 0 --
Grady
20
 124. Matthew 01/2012 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 1 --
David Stewart
125. Kevin Boney 2/15/2012 Anti-Government Implemented Yes 0 --
126. Brian Klose, 03/2012 White Prevented Yes 0 --
Ronald Cusak, Supremacy/Aryan
Carlos Nations
Dubose, &
Harold Kinlaw
127. Charles 03/2012 Anti-government Prevented Yes 0 --
Michael
Carlsen
128. Martin Kimber 04/25/2012 White Supremacy Implemented Yes 0 C
Sympathizer
129. Samuel J. 4/27/2012 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
Johnson &
Joseph
Benjamin
Thomas
130. JT Ready* 5/1/2012 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 --
131. FL American 5/8/2012 White Supremacist Prevented Yes 0 B
Front 12 (attempted)
132. Brian Church, 5/16/2012 Anarchist Prevented Yes 0 --
Jared Chase &
Brent Betterly
133. Douglas 5/30/2012 White Supremacist, Prevented Yes 0 --
Howard Story Anti-Muslim
133 Total - - 49 126 56 10 cases
Incidents/ Implemented/ Operational/ deaths
Plots 84 Prevented 6 Aspirational

Addendum to Appendix B: Cases Involving Members of the Nation of Islam

134. John Allen 10/24/2002 Nation of Islam Implemented Yes 12 --
Muhammad and
Lee Malvo
135. Derrick Shareef 12/8/2006 Nation of Islam Prevented Yes 0 --
Total (incl.
Nation of
Islam)
134 Total - - 50 128 68 10 cases
Incidents/plots Implemented/ Operational/ deaths
84 Prevented 6 Aspirational

Note: All data entries in italics represent plots occurring after Barack Obama’s Presidential election
victory.

The “DC Snipers” and Derrick Shareef are placed as an addendum for three reasons. First, both cases were
treated as terrorism cases; therefore we include it in our database. Second they are categorized as non-Muslim,
because the perpetrators of both plots were members of the Nation of Islam. Unlike radical Muslim groups,
according to the Wall Street Journal, the Nation of Islam is, “…an eccentric American sect that focuses on
racial (black) rather than religious supremacy.” The Southern Poverty Law Center also classifies the Nation of
Islam as a “Black Separatist” group in its database of US domestic hate groups. Third, these cases as an
addendum, rather than in the main statistical table, because there is the perception, albeit contrary to our
definition of “Muslim”, the Nation of Islam (NOI) is a part of orthodox Sunni and/or Shi’a Islam despite the
significant theological differences. Though this report has inserted them under the non-Muslim category, its
21
main focus is not on theological details and therefore allows the reader to examine the data without the presence
of plots from NOI militants if s/he so chooses.

Update, 4/13/2010: An alleged plot to assassinate Barack Obama during the 2008 Presidential campaign
involving Shawn Adolf, Tharin Gartrell and Nathan Johnson has been removed from the database. The men
were not charged with threatening Mr. Obama because, “…the men were on methamphetamine and posed no
credible threat…” Source: “Shawn Adolf, Man Who Discussed Assassinating Obama, Sentenced.” Associated
Press, (March 15, 2010). Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/15/shawn-adolf-man-who-
discu_n_499367.html.

Update, 8/23/2011: An alleged terrorism plot to assassinate elected officials, bomb bridges and tunnels, and use
crude bio-chemical weapons involving Daniel and Timothy Robinson was removed from our database. All the
charges relating to terrorism and murder were dropped. Source: Melanie Woodrow, “Accused Local Terrorist
Cleared.” Wavy.com, (January 27, 2011). Available at: http://www.fox43tv.com/dpps/news/local/accused-local-
terrorist-cleared_3705712.

*Note on JT Ready: We include JT Ready into the Database because at the time of his murder-suicide he was
under investigation by the FBI for possibly conspiring to engage in an act of domestic terrorism. However, we
did not include the deaths from his murder-suicide on May 1, 2012 because the motive appeared to be based on
a domestic dispute, not ideological. We also classified his plot status as “prevented” because there is currently
no publicly available evidence to support the idea that he carried out any ideologically-motivated violence
before his death.

Sources for the main non-Muslim statistical table: “Terror from the Right.” Southern Poverty Law Center, (July
1, 2009). Available at: http://www.splcenter.org/news/item.jsp?aid=383; Brian Ross, “Bounty Hunter Disrupts
Possible Terror Plots.” ABC News, (July 31, 2007). Available at:
http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/07/bounty-hunter-d.html; Tom Held, “Judge Calls ‘Dr. Chaos’ A
True Danger.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, (March 14, 2002). Available at:
http://www3.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=27073; William Vitka, “Penn. Man Named in Alleged Terror
Plot.” CBS/Associated Press, (February 11, 2006). Available at:
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/11/national/main1307690.shtml; Casey McNerthney and Chris
Grygiel, “Suspect in Police Shooting ‘Lone Domestic Terrorist.’” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, (November 7,
2009). Available at: http://www.seattlepi.com/local/411951_shooting07.html; David Neiwert, “‘Oath Keepers’
Leader Arrested for Child Rape; Cops Find Stolen Grenade Launcher in his House.” Crooks and Liars, (January
21, 2010). Available at: http://crooksandliars.com/david-neiwert/tea-party-leader-arrested-rape; Jay Root,
“Plane Attack Prompts Debate Over Terrorism Label.” Associated Press, (February 20, 2010).
http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/02/20/plane_attack_prompts_debate_over_terrorism_label/?r
ss_id=Boston.com+--+Latest+news; “Rash of Bomb Cases Tied to Radical-Right Views.” Southern Poverty
Law Center, (Spring 2010). Available at: http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-
issues/2010/spring/rash-of-bomb-cases-tied-to-radical-ri; Michael Sangiacomo, “Law Enforcement
Investigating Man Injured Making Pipe Bombs.” Cleveland.com (November 25, 2009). Available at:
http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2009/11/law_enforcement_investigating.html; “White Supremacist from Area
Arrested.” The Joplin Globe, (June 25, 2009). Available at:
http://www.joplinglobe.com/neosho_newton_mcdonald%20county/local_story_176221119.html/resources_prin
tstory; KC Kotyk, “Aughenbaugh Arrested After 12-Hour Standoff.” Rolla Daily News, (February 12, 2010).
Available at: http://www.therolladailynews.com/news/x626054180/Aughenbaugh-arrested-after-12-hour-
standoff; “Trenton Man Charged with Illegally Possessing Firearms, Homemade Bombs.” Department of
Justice, (January 21, 2010). http://www.justice.gov/usao/mow/news2010/cobley.com.htm; Jonathan Phelps and
Julie Manganis, “Ready for ‘Armaggedon.’” Gloucester Daily Times, (February 10, 2010). Available at:
http://www.gloucestertimes.com/punews/local_story_041222314.html; Olsen Ebright and Jonathan Lloyd,
“Bomb Parts, Marijuana, Day Care Center Do Not Mix.” NBC Los Angeles, (October 12, 2009). Available at:
22
http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local-beat/Lake-Elsinore-Pipe-Bomb-Arrest-63782027.html; Crissy
Clutter, “Students Arrested for Alleged Bomb Plot.” CBS News WTRF 7, (September 25, 2009). Available at:
http://wtrf.com/story.cfm?func=viewstory&storyid=67231; Ruth Fuller, “Antioch Man Arrested in Wis; Faces
More Charges.” ChicagoBreakingNews.com, (September 4, 2009). Available at:
http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2009/09/antioch-lake-county-states-attorney-john-thomas-burl-weapons-
explosives-nazi-paraphernelia.html; “Weapons Arsenal Found in Washington Storage Units.” Anti-Defamation
League, (January 28, 2009). Available at:
http://www.adl.org/learn/extremism_in_the_news/Anti_Government/struve+wa.htm?LEARN_Cat=Extremism
&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_the_News; Mary Pat Flaherty, Hamil R. Harris, and Michael E. Ruane,
“Pentagon Gunman ‘Had Gone Off the Deep End,’ According to Friends, Writings.” Washington Post, (March
5, 2010). Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2010/03/05/AR2010030500957_pf.html; Kathy Adams and Shawn Day, “Teen Accused in
Landstown Bomb Plot ‘Hard to Miss.’” Virginian-Pilot, (July 19, 2009). Available at:
http://hamptonroads.com/2009/07/teen-accused-landstown-bomb-plot-hard-miss; Carrie Johnson, “9 Members
of Militia Group Charged in Plot Against U.S.” Washington Post, (March 30, 2010). Available at:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/29/AR2010032901541.html; Jake Sherman,
“Man Arrested for Eric Cantor Death Threat.” Politico, (March 29, 2010). Available at:
http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0310/35152.html; Schuyler Dixon, “Feds: Texas Pipe Bomb Suspect
Angry at Gov’t.” Associated Press, (April 8, 2010). Available at:
http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/news/2010/04/feds_texas_pipe_bomb_suspect_angry_at_govt.php; Jason
Dearden, “FBI Arrests Calif Man for Alleged Pelosi Threats.” Associated Press, (April 7, 2010). Available at:
http://www.publicopiniononline.com/news/ci_14842945; Andrew Ramonas, “Man Referenced Holder’s
‘Nation of Cowards’ Remark in Threat to Senator.” Main Justice, (April 6, 2010). Available at:
http://www.mainjustice.com/2010/04/06/man-charged-with-threatening-senator-referenced-holder/; Marissa
Millender, “Suspect Had Faced Felony Charges in Four Pending Cases.” Times Record News, (April 22, 2010),
Available at: http://www.timesrecordnews.com/news/2010/apr/22/suspect-had-faced-felony-charges-in-4-
pending/; David Kelly, “Members of Gang Task Force in Hemet are Target by a Booby Trap for the Second
Time.” Los Angeles Times, (February 25, 2010). Available at:
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/calling-it-an-act-of-domestic-terrorism-hemet-police-are-on-
high-alert-after-a-booby-trap-targeting-members-of-the-gang-task.html; Robert J. Lopez and Andrew
Blankenstein, “White Supremacist Group Tied to Attacks Against Hemet Police.” Los Angeles Times, (April 20,
2010). Available at: http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/04/-hemet-.html; John Asbury, “Charges Filed
Against Suspected White Supremacist in Hemet Raid.” The Press-Enterprise, (May 3, 2010). Available at:
http://www.pe.com/localnews/stories/PE_News_Local_W_eraid03.4933b42.html. Larry Hannan, “Police Ask
Jacksonville Community to Help Catch Mosque Bomber.” Florida Times-Union, (May 12, 2010). Available at:
http://jacksonville.com/news/crime/2010-05-12/story/pipe-bomb-used-jacksonville-mosque-blast; “FBI
Shootout Kills Wanted Mosque Bombing Suspect.” Associated Press, (May 6, 2011). Available at:
http://policelink.monster.com/news/articles/153978-fbi-shootout-kills-wanted-mosque-bombing-
suspect?print=true; “Claims Police Shooting Suspects Had Extremist ‘Anti-Government’ Links.” CNN, (May
22, 2010). Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/05/22/arkansas.police.shot/; Jamal Thalji, “Father,
Son in Arkansas Cop Killings Were Headed Home to Clearwater.” St. Petersburg Times, (May 22, 2010).
Available at: http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/father-son-in-arkansas-cop-killings-were-
headed-home-to-clearwater/1097053; Zachary Roth, “Right-Wing Extremist Take on Local Law Enforcement;
Lose.” Talking Points Memo, (May 6, 2010). Available at:
http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/05/right-
wing_extremists_take_on_local_law_enforcemen.php; Mike Gangloff, “Wytheville’s Anti-Government
Hostage-Taker Pleads Guilty.” Roanoke Times, (May 14, 2010). Available at:
http://www.roanoke.com/news/breaking/wb/246836; “Georgia Man Accused of Traveling to Tennessee for
Armed Takeover of Courthouse.” WBIR.com, (May 4, 2010). Available at:
http://www.wbir.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=120662&catid=2; Mark Puente, “Man Charged with
Having Explosives Seemed Paranoid, Landlord Says.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, (April 20, 2010). Available at:
23
http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/04/man_charged_with_having_explos.html; Cindy Horswell, “Sheriff:
Explosives at Home of Deputy’s Killer.” Houston Chronicle, (July 14, 2009). Available at:
http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/breaking/6527756.html; Erica Moffitt, Ben Russell, and Ewa Roman,
“Guards Charged in Shooting Suspended.” CBS 21, (August 3, 2010), Available at:
http://www.whptv.com/news/local/story/UPDATE-Guards-charged-in-shooting-suspended/T7TywdSx-
0efWskrT3nupg.cspx; “Highway Shooter Targeted Tides Foundation, ACLU.” KTVU.com, (July 21, 2010),
Available at: http://www.ktvu.com/news/24327003/detail.html; Andrew Schenkel, “Discovery Channel
Standoff Puts Spotlight on Environmental Extremism.” Mother Nature Network, (September 6, 2010).
Available: http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/09/06/1810585/discovery-channel-standoff-puts.html; Dean
Schabner, “Sorting out Simple Hate from Terrorism.” ABC News, (September 21, 2004). Available at:
http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=96671&page=1; Helen Jung, “Bruce and Joshua Turnidge Get Death
Penalty in Woodburn Bank Bombing.” The Oregonian, (December 22, 2010). Available at:
http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2010/12/post_7.html; Ryan J. Reilly, “Attempted
Pepsi Can Bomber, Worried by Gov’t, Tracked Down Via Facebook.” TPMMuckraker, (December 7, 2010).
Available at:
http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/12/attempted_pepsi_can_bomber_worried_by_govt_tracked
_down_via_facebook_video.php?ref=fpa; “School Board Shooting: Clay Duke Kills Self After Pulling at
Meeting.” Associated Press, (December 15, 2010). Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2010/12/15/AR2010121500632.html; John Moss, “Police: Bogle Street Man Waves Nazi
Flag, Threatens to Cut Gas Line During Hours Long Standoff.” Herald News, (December 25, 2010). Available
at: http://www.wickedlocal.com/fall-river/news/x1651495404/Police-Bogle-Street-man-waves-Nazi-flag-
threatens-to-cut-gas-line-during-hourslong-standoff; “U.S. v. Batiste, et al.” Department of Justice, (June 22,
2006). Available at: http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/terrorism/usbatiste62206ind4.html; Bennie Thompson,
“Homegrown Terrorists Are Not Just Muslims. Politico, (January 27, 2011), Available at:
http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0111/48239.html; Husna Haq, “Jared Lee Loughner: Seeking Insight
from his Reading List.” Christian Science Monitor, (January 10, 2011). Available at:
http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2011/0110/Jared-Lee-Loughner-seeking-insight-from-his-
reading-list; “Poll: Anti-Government Violence? Some Say Yes.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, (January 11, 2011).
Available at: http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/archives/235321.asp; Janet Novack, “Expert: Loughner
Rants Sound Like Sovereign Citizen Beliefs.” Forbes Magazine, (January 12, 2011). Available at:
http://blogs.forbes.com/janetnovack/2011/01/12/expert-loughner-rants-sound-like-sovereign-citizen-
beliefs/?boxes=Homepagechannels; “FBI: Bomb Found on MLK March Route.” MSNBC, (January 18, 2011).
Available at: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/41139894/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/; Mike Carter, Steve
Miletich, and Jennifer Sullivan, “Man Charged with Attempted MLK Day Bombing Linked to Neo-Nazi
Group.” Seattle Times, (March 9, 2011), Available at:
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2014443763_spokanebomb10m.html; “Arrest Made in MLK
Parade Bomb Plot.” MSNBC, (March 9, 2011). Available at:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/41991581/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/; Samantha Szesciorka, “Police:
California Man Threatened Detroit Area Mosque.” KTVN News, (January 31, 2011). Available at:
http://www.ktvn.com/Global/story.asp?S=13943293; “Texas Man Sentenced on Firearms Charges Connected to
the Republican National Convention.” Federal Bureau of Investigation, (May 21, 2009), Available at:
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Years in RNC Plot.” Minneapolis Star Tribune, (May 21, 2009). Available at:
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Ties Seen in ’08 Bombings of Texas Governor’s Mansion.” New York Times, (February 22, 2011). Available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/23/us/23texas.html?src=twrhp; Marc Bluestein, “Letters: Courthouse
Gunman Angry at Justice System.” Associated Press, (March 27, 2011). Available at:
http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/03/27/general-us-atlanta-courthouse-gunman_8377162.html; Sam
Friedman, “Five Arrested in Alleged Plot to Kidnap, Kill Alaska State Troopers, Judge.” Fairbanks Daily
News-Miner, (March 10, 2011). Available at: http://newsminer.com/view/full_story/12286233/article-Law-
enforcement-agencies-move-against-Sovereign-Citizen-movement-in-Fairbanks; Patti Epler, “More Details
24
Emerge in Fairbanks Militia Arrests.” Alaska Dispatch, (March 26, 2011). Available at:
http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/more-details-emerge-fairbanks-militia-arrests; Jim Guy, “Bus Driver
Charged in Attack on Madera Planned Parenthood.” Fresno Bee, (March 10, 2011). Available at:
http://www.fresnobee.com/2011/03/10/2304094/arrest-made-in-islamic-center.html; Scott Shane and Eric
Lichtblau, “Scientist’s Suicide Linked to Anthrax Inquiry.” New York Times, (August 2, 2008). Available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/02/washington/02anthrax.html. Thomas F. Dellafera, “Application and
Affidavit for Search Warrant Case Number: 07-524-M-01.” U.S. District Court of the District of Columbia,
(October 31, 2007). Available at: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/famous-cases/anthrax-amerithrax/07-
524-M-01%20Search%20Warrant%20Affidavit.pdf, P. 18-19; “White Supremacist Brandon Lee Hall
Sentenced to 30 Years in Prison.” GADailynews.com, (April 7, 2011). Available at:
http://www.allmetronews.com/local/65065-white-supremacist-brandon-lee-hall-sentenced-to-30-years-in-
prison.html; Larry Hartstein, “White Supremacist Sentenced to 30 Years.” Atlanta Constitution-Journal, (April
8, 2011). Available at: http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/white-supremacist-sentenced-to-903011.html. David
Owens and Jenna Carlesso, “State Police: Man Accused of Shooting at Florida Troopers has been Found.”
Hartford Courant, (April 7, 2010). Available at: http://articles.courant.com/2010-04-07/business/hc-manhunt-
winsted-0406_1_troopers-state-police-bail; Christina Boomber, “Officials: Safety Mechanisms in Place as Mesa
Worker Disrupts Wastewater Facility.” ABC 15, (April 1, 2011). Available at:
http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/region_southeast_valley/gilbert/officials%3A-safety-mechanisms-in-place-as-
mesa-worker-disrupts-wastewater-facility; Lisa Leigh Kelly, “Wastewater Worker Charged with Terrorism.”
KPFO CBS 5, (April 4, 2011). Available at: http://www.kpho.com/valleynews/27403898/detail.html; “The
Lawless Ones: The Resurgence of the Sovereign Citizen Movement.” Anti-Defamation League, (August 11,
2010). Available at: http://www.adl.org/learn/sovereign_movement/list_recent_sovereign_incidents.pdf; VM-
Mctor Manuel Ramos, “United Cities Leaders Taken on Bank of America in Dispute over $15B.” Orlando
Sentinel, (July 29, 2008). Available at: http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2008-07-29/news/CRUZ29_1_bank-
of-america-bank-officer-miami-branch; Casey Sanchez, “Return of the Sovereigns.” Intelligence Report, No.
133, (Spring 2009). Available at: http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-
issues/2009/spring/return-of-the-sovereigns; Jeff German, “Gun Charge Sends Man to Prison.” Las Vegas
Review-Journal, (August 24, 2010). Available at: http://www.lvrj.com/news/las-vegas-man-sentenced-to-
prison-in-federal-gun-case-101414779.html; “Members of Anti-Government Group Arrested in Las Vegas.”
Associated Press, (March 7, 2009). Available at: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,506746,00.html;
“Marshals Posed as Fans to Arrest Tax Evaders.” Associated Press, (October 5, 2007). Available at:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21142564/; Deb Feyerick and Eden Pontz, “Feds Tricked Holed-Up Tax
Evaders.” CNN, (October 5, 2007). Available at: http://articles.cnn.com/2007-10-05/us/tax.standoff_1_marshal-
stephen-monier-evaders-browns?_s=PM:US; “UPDATE: Richland County Standoff.” Associated Press, (April
3, 2009). Available at: http://www.nbc15.com/home/headlines/17265899.html; Levi Pulkkinen, “Alleged
Secessionist Charged with Gun, Drug Charges.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, (May 31, 2009). Available at:
http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/Alleged-secessionist-charged-with-gun-drug-1304237.php; Casey
Sanchez, “Allege Sovereign Citizen Arrested on Weapons and Drug Charges.” Hatewatch, (June 2, 2009).
Available at: http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2009/06/02/alleged-sovereign-citizen-arrested-on-weapons-and-
drug-charges/; Levi Booth, “Murder, Incorporated?” The Washington Post, (April 4, 2005). Available at:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A24016-2005Apr3.html; “Fugitive Michigan Militia Member
Dies in Shootout.” Anti-Defamation League, (July 16, 2003). Available at:
http://www.adl.org/learn/news/Officer_Killed_michigan.asp; “White Supremacist Kills Pregnant Woman and
Officer in Arizona.” Anti-Defamation League, (January 6, 2005). Available at:
http://www.adl.org/learn/extremism_in_the_news/White_Supremacy/ws_Flippen_2005.htm; Taryrn Brodwater,
Bill Morlin, and Amy Cannata, “Shooter Had Aryan Nation Ties.” Spokesman Review, (May 23, 2007).
Available at: http://www.spokesmanreview.com/breaking/story.asp?ID=9985; “Louisiana Cop Killer Wore
Nazi, Confederate Flag Emblems, Jewelry.” Fox News, (December 31, 2007). Available at:
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,319185,00.html; Michael Wells,“Fla. Sheriff’s Deputy Fatally Shot in
Cruiser.” Police One, (August 15, 2007). Available at: http://www.policeone.com/officer-
shootings/articles/1341150-Fla-sheriffs-deputy-fatally-shot-in-cruiser/; Duncan Mansfield,“Jim D. Adkisson
25
Charged in Tennessee Church Shooting that Killed 2.” Huffington Post, (July 28, 2008). Available at:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/07/28/jim-d-adkisson-charged-in_n_115281.html; “Tea Party Twitter
Arrest: Daniel Hayden Threatened Mass Murder, Cop Killing.” Huffington Post, (April 26, 2009). Available at:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/26/tea-party-twitter-arrest_n_191527.html; “Newark security guard
John Brek arraigned on 3 charges for threats against President Obama.” New Jersey Newsroom, (October 22,
2009). Available at: http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/nation/newark-security-guard-john-brek-arraigned-
on-3-charges-for-threats-against-president-obama; Lauren Zakalik,“Sheriff: Man Arrested for Gun, Has Militia
Ties.” WILX, (September 14, 2010). Available at: http://www.wilx.com/news/headlines/102906814.html;
“Arizona Man Found with Guns at National Mall.” Fox DC, (November 4, 2010). Available at:
http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpps/news/crime_watch/arizona-man-found-guns-natl-mall-apx-
11042010_10464000; Sean Alfano, “Charles Habermann arrested for allegedly threatening to kill Rep. Jim
McDermott in voicemails.” New York Daily News, (January 13, 2011). Available at:
http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-01-13/news/27087381_1_federal-charges-mcdermottt-complaint; Evelyn
Schlatter,“Neo-Nazi Indicted for Bombs is Son of Movement Stalwart.” Southern Poverty Law Center, (January
28, 2011). Available at: http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2011/01/28/neo-nazi-indicted-for-bombs-is-son-of-
movement-stalwart/; “Member of Aryan Brotherhood Pleads Guilty to Hate Crime in Connection with Church
Arson and Attempted Murder of Disabled African-American in Texas.” U.S. Department of Justice, (September
2, 2011). Available at: http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2011/September/11-crm-1131.html; “FBI Investigating
Firebombing at Women’s Center.” WDIV-DT NBC 4, (August 3, 2011). Available at:
http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/28751889/detail.html; Justin Jouvenal, “Police: Man Planned Fireworks
Protest on Mall.” Washington Post, (August 22, 2011). Available at:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/crime-scene/post/police-man-planned-fireworks-protest-on-
mall/2011/08/23/gIQAYghQYJ_blog.html; Chad Garrison, “Racist Goes Beserk with at South-County Mall –
Attacks Group with Pickaxe.” Riverfront Times, (August 25, 2011). Available at:
http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2011/08/joseph_gamache_racist_attack_mall.php; Kim Murphy, “Man
Accused of Firebombing Mosque Talked of Christian Jihad.” Los Angeles Times, (August 26, 2011). Available
at: http://www.sacbee.com/2011/08/26/3864391/man-accused-of-firebombing-mosque.html; Ashley Gebb,
“Supremacist Defends Couple’s Slayings.” Appeal-Democrat, (October 14, 2011). Available at:
http://www.appeal-democrat.com/news/grigsby-110615-killing-good.html; Bill Rankin, Christian Boone, and
Katie Leslie, “Georgia Militia Plot: Affidavit Outlines Plans for Killings.” Atlanta Constitution Journal,
(November 2, 2011). Available at: http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/georgia-militia-plot-affidavit-
1214918.html; Jillian Rayfield, “AK Sovereign Citizen Had Bomb-Making Instructions, Info on ‘Remote
Viewing.’” Talking Points Memo, (November 7, 2011). Available at:
http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/11/ak_sovereign_citizen_had_bomb-
making_instructions.php; Willam Yardley, “White House Shooting Suspect’s Path to Extremism.” New York
Times, (November 20, 2011). Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/21/us/oscar-ortega-white-house-
shooting-suspect-struggled-with-mental-illness.html?_r=1; “(U) Domestic Terrorists’ Intent and Capability to
Use Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Weapons.” Federal Bureau of Investigation/Department
of Homeland Security, (October 14, 2008). Available at: http://info.publicintelligence.net/FBIdomesticcbrn.pdf;
“Special Report on Ricin.” James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, (February 29, 2008). Available
at: http://cns.miis.edu/stories/pdfs/080229_ricin.pdf; Denys Ray Hughes, “Survivalist Man Convicted of
Attempting to Make Ricin on the Run.” WSAW.com, (June 18, 2011). Available at:
http://www.wsaw.com/home/headlines/Surivalist_Man_Convicted_of_Attempting_to_Make_Ricin_on_the_Ru
n_124137064.html; Paul Peirce, “Washington County Officer Stopped After Making Routine Traffic Stop.”
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, (December 20, 2011). Available at:
http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/valleynewsdispatch/s_772706.html; Angela Piazza, “FBI Seizes Seligman
man After Standoff.” Arizona Republic News, (December 22, 2011). Available at:
http://tucsoncitizen.com/arizona-news/2011/12/22/fbi-seizes-seligman-man-after-standoff/; Thomas Zambito,
“Mosque Firebomber Faces Life in Prison for Hate Crimes.” New York Daily News, (January 5, 2012).
Available at: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/mosque-firebomber-faces-life-prison-hate-crimes-
article-1.1001595; Rocco Parascandola, Matt McNulty, Kerry Burke, and Kevin Deutch, “Alleged Queens
26
Firebomber Wanted to Massacre Muslims in Mosque, Prosecutors Say.” New York Daily News, (January 5,
2012). Available at: http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/alleged-queens-firebomber-wanted-massacre-
muslims-mosque-prosecutors-article-1.1001193?localLinksEnabled=false; “FBI Arrests Fugitive in Havasu.”
Today’s News Herald, (December 30, 2011). Available at:
http://www.havasunews.com/articles/2011/12/30/news/doc4efd3d53253af976704479.txt; “FBI Warns of White
Supremacist Threat Against ADL’s Foxman.” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, (January 4, 2012). Available at:
http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/breaking_news/fbi_warns_white_supremacist_threat_against_adls_foxma
n; “Texas Jury Hears Account of Fatal Shooting by White Supremacist.” Southern Poverty Law Center, (April
5th, 2012). Available at http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/04/05/texas-jury-hears-account-of-fatal-shooting-
by-white-supremacist/; “Accused Utah Cop-Killer had Antigovernment Views.” Southern Poverty Law Center,
(April 5th, 2012). Available at http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/04/05/accused-utah-cop-killer-had-
antigovernment-views/; “Feds Charge Ex-Con in Wisconsin Abortion Clinic Bombing.” Southern Poverty Law
Center, (April 4th, 2012). Available at http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/04/04/feds-charge-ex-con-in-
wisconsin-abortion-clinic-bombing/; “Authorities searching dead hoarder’s apartment for explosives.” KHOU-
TV, Inc, (March 30th, 2012). Available at http://www.khou.com/news/local/Apartment-complex-evacuated-
after-reports-of-explosives-145199575.html; “Racist Bikers Busted in Undercover Florida Probe.” Southern
Poverty Law Center, (March 30th, 2012). Available at http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/03/30/racist-bikers-
busted-in-undercover-florida-probe/; “The Jihadist Who Wasn’t.” IntelWire, (June 24th, 2011). Available at
http://news.intelwire.com/2011/06/jihadist-who-wasnt.html; Bill Morlin, “FBI: Washington White Supremacist
Plotted to Kill Obama in 2010.” Southern Poverty Law Center, (May 10, 2012). Available at:
http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/05/10/fbi-washington-white-supremacist-plotted-to-kill-obama-in-2010/;
Jim Mustian, “Standoff Comes to Peaceful End.” OA.com, (September 19, 2010). Available at:
http://www.oaoa.com/articles/sheriff-53065-authorities-shot.html; Bill Morlin, “ ‘Sovereign Citizen’ Sentenced
for ‘Deadly Force’ Threats.” Southern Poverty Law Center, (December 5, 2011). Available at:
http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2011/12/05/sovereign-citizen-sentenced-for-deadly-force-threats/; Nina
Golgowski, “Connecticut Man Allegedly Threatens Legislator over Ammo Bill.” CNN, (April 1, 2011).
Available at: http://articles.cnn.com/2011-04-01/justice/connecticut.legislator.threat_1_giffords-shooting-
tucson-supermarket-john-matika?_s=PM:CRIME; Linda M. Gentile, “Statement of State Representative Linda
Gentile on Arrest of Local Man on Harassment Charges.” Office of Connecticut State Representative Linda
Gentile, (April 1, 2011). Available at: http://www.housedems.ct.gov/gentile/2011/pr104_2011-04-01.html;
Domingo Ramirez Jr., “Man in ‘Sovereign Group’ is Wounded in Shootout.” Star-Telegram, (July 22, 2011).
Available at: http://www.star-telegram.com/2011/07/21/3238352/man-in-sovereign-citizen-group.html; Mike
Glenn, “After Hourlong Standoff, Armed Liberty Man Surrenders.” Houston Chronicle, (February 15, 2012).
Available at: http://www.chron.com/default/article/After-hourlong-standoff-armed-Liberty-County-man-
3327907.php; Richard S. Hartunian, “Man Indicted for Chemical Weapons Offenses.” U.S. Attorney’s Office of
the Northern District of New York, (May 17, 2012). Available at: http://www.fbi.gov/albany/press-
releases/2012/man-indicted-for-chemical-weapons-offenses; Kay Fate, “Feds Charge Area Man With Weapons
Violations.” Rochester Post-Bulletin, (April 28, 2012). Available at:
http://www.postbulletin.com/news/stories/display.php?id=1494803; Nick R. Martin, “Neo-Nazi JT Ready Was
Target of FBI Domestic Terrorism Investigation at Time of Massacre.” TPM Muckracker, (May 4, 2012).
Available at: http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2012/05/fbi_jt_ready_domestic_terrorism.php;
Richard Fausset, “White Supremacist Arrested on ‘Race War’ Charges in Florida.” Los Angeles Times, (May 8,
2012). Available at: http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-alleged-nazi-plot-florida-
20120508,0,7506658.story; “State of Florida vs. Marcus Faella.” Florida State 9th Circuit Judicial Court, (May
3, 2012). Available at: http://www.floridatoday.com/assets/pdf/A918903359.PDF; “The Charges Against the
‘NATO 3’.” Chicago Sun-Times, (May 16, 2012). Available at: http://www.suntimes.com/12639600-761/the-
charges-against-the-nato-3.html; Frank Main, Mark Konkol, and Michael Landsu, “ ‘NATO 3’ Plotted Attacks
on Obama HQ, Rahm’s House, Police Stations, Prosecutors Say.” Chicago Sun-Times, (May 19, 2012).
Available at: http://www.suntimes.com/12635179-761/nato-3-plotted-attacks-on-obama-election-hq-rahms-
house-police-stations-prosecutors-say.html; Erin Gibson, “Accused White Supremacist Bought Illegal

27
Weapon.” Manassas Patch, (May 30, 2012). Available at: http://manassas.patch.com/articles/accused-white-
supremacists-bought-illegal-weapon.

Sources specifically for the Nation of Islam cases: “Sniper Reportedly Details 4 New Shootings.” Associated
Press, (June 16, 2006). Available at: http://www.kxnet.com/getARticle.asp?setCity=bis&ArticleId=13796; Tina
Stein, “Neighborhood Reaction.” CBS 23 WIFR, (December 8, 2006). Available at:
http://www.wifr.com/home/headlines/4871531.html; James Taranto, “‘The Motive Remains Murky.’”
(November 11, 2009). Available at:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704402404574529513061187736.html?mod=djemEditorialPa
ge; “Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2008: Black Separatist.” Southern Poverty Law Center, (N.D.),
http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/type.jsp?DT=3.

28
 Appendix C: Dates of Radicalization for Muslim Violent Extremists Since Obama’s Election

Name of Suspect Date of Approximate Date of Source

Arrest/Attack Radicalization
1. Bryant Neal Vinas 11/2008 Since at least “Summer CNN
of 2007”
2. “Newburgh Four” 5/20/2009 Since at least June 2008 New York Times
3. Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad 6/1/2009 November 2008 New York Times
4. “North Carolina 7” 7/27/2009 Since at least March Department of Justice
2006 Criminal Complaint
5. Michael Finton 9/16/2009 At least 2007 New York Times
6. Hosam Smadi 9/17/2009 At least 2007 Dallas Morning News
7. Najibullah Zazi 9/19/2009 At least August 2008 Associated Press
8. Colleen LaRose 10/2009 Since at least 2007 Wall Street Journal
9. Tarek Mehanna 10/21/2009 Since at least 2004 Boston Globe
10. Nidal Hasan 11/6/2009 Since at least 2007 Washington Post
11. “Virginia 5” 12/10/09 At least August 2009 BBC
12. Faisal Shahzad 4/30/2010 2007 New York Times
13. Mohamed Mahmood Alessa & 6/6/2010 Sometime between 2004- CNN
Carlos Eduardo Almonte 2007
14. Zachary Chesser 7/21/2010 At least June 2008 Fox News and
Department of Justice
Affidavit
15. Paul Rockwood 7/21/2010 Sometime between 2001- Department of Justice
2006 Press Release
16. Shaker Masri 8/3/2010 Unknown --
17. Abdel Hameed Shehadeh 10/27/2010 June 2008 Department of Justice
Criminal Complaint
18. Farooque Ahmed 10/28/2010 Unknown --
19. Mohamed Osman Mohamud 11/26/2010 Since at least 2006 Department of Justice
Affidavit
20. Antonio Martinez 12/8/2010 At least December 2008 Associated Press
21. Emerson Begolly 01/04/2011 Since at least 2003 Southern Poverty Law
Center
22. Roger Stockham 01/24/2011 At least since 2002 Press & Guide
23. Waad Alwan 5/30/2011 At least 2005 Department of Justice
Affidavit
24. Abu Khalid Abdul-Latif & 6/23/2011 At least 2007 Seattle Post-
Walli Mujahidh Intelligencer & Seattle
Times
25. Ulugbek Kodirov 07/2011 At least 2009 Sky News
26. Naser Jason Abdo 7/28/2011 At least June 2010 New York Times
27. Mansour Arbabsiar 09/2011 Unknown --
28. Rezwan Ferdaus 9/28/2011 At least early 2010 Department of Justice
Affidavit
28. Jose Pimentel 11/21/2011 At least March 2009 Wall Street Journal
29. Craig Baxam 12/2011 Since at least July 2011 NY Daily News
30. Sami Osmakac 1/7/2012 At least November 2010 Associated Press
31. Amine El-Khalifi 2/27/2012 At least mid-2010 Fox News

Summary of Findings: The baseline measurement used for measuring a “recent trend” in ideological
extremism is Obama’s 2008 election. Based on our findings, 19 out of 31 post-Obama election plots (61%)
involving “Muslim Americans” (defined as a U.S. citizen, legal permanent resident, or long-term resident
[living in the United States for 5 years or more]), were done by people radicalized before Obama’s election. 2
cases (6%) remain unknown. 10 out of 31 cases (32%), are individuals involved in extremist activities after
Obama’s election.
29
A plot is counted as a post-Obama radicalization case if reliable sources indicate that at least one person in a
violent extremist plot (even if there are multiple people involved that plot) is radicalized after the Presidential
election of Barack Obama.

Taken at face value, our overall findings tend to suggest that while there has been a recent spike of individuals
crossing over the legal threshold from legally-protected activity into violent criminal behavior, it does not
indicate a rise in “radicalization” – i.e. the rise in extremist, but legally-protected political thought and behavior.

Yet, it is important to note that information available on the last seven cases in our dataset all involve
individuals who were radicalized after Obama’s election. This particular finding probably due to at least two
factors. First, and as a cautionary note for the entire database, these figures are largely derived from secondary
open source information. As a result that raises issues of access to information that could potentially inflate
numbers suggesting higher numbers of “recently” radicalized individuals, when the opposite could be the case.
Second, given the time lapsed between Obama’s election and this latest update (June 2012), arguably the utility
of using the 2008 election as a baseline measurement is diminishing. That is to say, that as time goes on with
updating the database, the last Presidential election continues to be come less “recent”.

Appendix D: Terror Plots Possibly Influenced by Anwar Al-Awlaki

The following terror plots listed below are taken from MPAC’s Post-9/11 Terrorism Incident Database and
analyzed further to see what possible influence, if any, Anwar Al-Awlaki had on other Al-Qaeda related violent
extremists. The categories of influence are unknown, Inspirational, and Operational. Inspirational can include
ideological reinforcement of extremism through reading and audiovisual material. Operational involves direct
logistical and tactical planning to commit an act of violence.

# Terrorist Plot Type of Influence Source

1. Bryant Neal Vinas Unknown --
2. Newburgh four Unknown --
3. Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad Inspirational Knoxville Commercial Appeal
4. North Carolina 7 Unknown --
5. Michael Finton Inspirational NEFA Foundation
6. Hosam Smadi Unknown --
7. Najibullah Zazi Unknown --
8. Colleen LaRose Inspirational MSNBC
9. Tarek Mehanna Inspirational US News & World Report
10. Nidal Hasan Inspirational ABC News
11. Virginia 5 Unknown --
12. Umar Farouk Abdulmuttallab Inspirational and Possibly CBS News
Operational
13. Faisal Shazad Inspirational Christian Science Monitor
14. Mohamed Mahmoud Alessa & Inspirational CNN
Carlos Eduardo Almonte
15. Zachary Chesser Inspirational Christian Science Monitor
16. Paul G. Rockwood Inspirational CNN
17. Shaker Masri Inspirational Associated Press
18. Abdel Hameed Shehadeh Inspirational Los Angeles Times

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 19. Farooque Ahmed Inspirational CNN
20. ”Cargo Bomb Plot” Operational CBS
(Ibrahim Hassan Al-Asiri)
21. Rezwan Ferdaus Unknown --
22. Mohamed Osman Inspirational CNN
23. Antonio Martinez Inspirational Baltimore Sun
24. Khalid Al-Dawsari Unknown --
25. Waad Alwan Unknown --
26. Abu Khalid Abdul-Latif Unknown MSNBC
& Walli Mujahidh
27. Naser Jason Abdo Inspirational ABC News
28. Jose Pimentel Inspirational New York Times
29. Sami Osmakac Unknown --
30. Craig Baxam Unknown --
31. Ulugbek Kodirov Unknown --
32. Emerson Begolly Unknown --
33. Roger Stockham Unknown --
34. Mansour Arbabsiar Unknown --
35. ”Yemen Underwear Bomb Plot” Unknown --
(Ibrahim Hassan Al-Asiri)
36. Amine El-Khalifi Unknown --

Summary of Findings: Based on our open source analysis of the last 36 terrorist plots attempted by al-Qaeda
and its affiliates against the American homeland, since Obama was elected, 18 of those 36 appeared to have
been influenced either inspirationally or operationally by now deceased alleged terrorist figure Anwar Al-
Awlaki.

Interestingly, information on 16 out of the first 26 of these plots indicates some sort of influence, either
inspirationally or operationally from Al-Awlaki. However after his September 30, 2011 death, evidence
indicates only 2 out of the last 10 plots demonstrate some sort of inspirational or operational influence from
Anwar Al-Awlaki.

As a cautionary note, these figures may not completely reflect the actual influence of Al-Awlaki given the open
source, secondary nature of this inquiry.

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