BASIC PARTS OF A TOP LOAD WASHING MACHINE

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to

1. Understand the principle of Washing Machine
2. Identify the common parts of Washing Machine

INTRODUCTION

Washing Machine is a domestic appliance that washes clothes with

the aid of water and detergent. It is also called laundry machine, clothes
washer, or washer that includes immersing dipping, rubbing, or scrubbing
of clothes in water. This machine is power driven with an AC motor
connected to the power source (220v/60 Hz) so that the electrical energy can
be converted into mechanical energy in order to facilitate an act of washing
rinsing and spinning. The simplest washing machine just agitates clothes in
water with detergent, wherein some includes wash and spin timers for
automatic operations. Automatic machines or those electronically controlled
may fill, empty, wash, spin and heat in a cycle. The usual domestic washing
machine can be considered automatic because of the mechanical timer
used. Electronically-controlled are those machines that utilize electronic
circuit for switching and program of the operation depending on the
features.

Parts of Washing Machine and their Functions

Date Developed: Document No. EPAS-2020

Electronic Product Assembling and September 2020 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Date Revised:
Page 1
LO. NO.1 PREPARE TO ASSEMBLE Revision # 01
ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
INTERNAL PART EXTERNAL PART
Drum Program Selection Control

Pulsator AC Cord

Water Inlet

Side Cover Tub

Drain Hose

Functions of each part

Is used to cover the tub.

Top Cover

Pulsator Is a rotating part inside the tub and

responsible in making the water
spin.

Drain Hose is an outlet serves as a passage way

out for water after spinning has been
done
Side Cover Tub
is the main casing/housing for the
parts of the unit
Drum Serves as a washing tub.

. is an inlet of water
Water Supply Hose
Tub is a drum-like component in which
water, clothes and soap are
put together prior to
washing/spinning.
Block Diagram of Electronically-Controlled Washing Machine

FUNCTION OF EACH PART

Top Cover is used to cover the tub
Pulsator is a rotating part inside the tub and
. responsible in making the water spin

Drain Hose is an outlet serves as a passage way

. out for water after spinning has been
done
Side Cover Tub Is the main casing/housing for the
parts of the unit.
Drum Serves as a washing tub.
Water Supply Hose. is an inlet of water
Tub is a drum-like component in which
water, clothes and soap are put
together prior to washing/spinning
Power Controller is a circuit that controls the amount of
power supplied to the motor.
Sensor - is an input receiver that detects input
signal coming from forward and reverse
motor. It detects any abnormality of the
operation for automatic shut off.
Program Selection Control - is a set of push button switch that set
the operation required of the washing
machine. This circuit has a timing
sequence to be selected as low,medium,
or high depending on how long and
type of fabric to be washed.
Comparator- is a processing circuit that accepts the
input signal coming from sensor and
program selection control. This
enables/ disables a sequence of
command for the power controller
Forward/Reverse Motor- is an electric machine which changes
applied electrical energy or power into
mechanical output energy or power.
Input Command is a setting period of the user.

- AC Plug- is a connector intended for connecting

. the unit to the main power source of
220V
Drive Belt - is used to transmit mechanical energy
from a driving pulley to a drive pulley.
Buzzer- Is an audio/ sound signal device to
confirm or indicate that task
programmed or set is done or a
problem occurred. This may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezoelectric.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WASHING MACHINE

FUNCTION OF EACH PART

 is a special clock mechanism or motor
operated device used to perform
Timer Control-
switching operations at predetermined
time intervals.
is a dial used to manage the quantity of
Water Level Control-
water needed.
Wash Selector is used to choose the task to be done
Water Supply Hoses is an access for water supply
Drain Hose- is an outlet for the water to be dispense
Water Inlet Valve is used to allow or stop water to flow
is used to shut the washer off to protect
Off-Balance Switch
the washer if load is unbalance
is used to take out dirt from water by
Water Filter
means of a fine physical barrier
Spin Pulley- is used to transmit power from the
electric motor to spin assembly
is used to control the power at the
Spin Assembly-
transmission.
Water Pump- Is used to push the water out of the unit.
Water Hose- Is a passage way out of the water
is also known as gear box assembly;
Transmission transmit and boost mechanical power
from the motor to the agitator.
is an electromechanical device that
Motor- converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy or motion
is used to transmit power from the
Motor Pulley- electric motor to the transmission
through drive belt
- it contains valve that is used to control
Water Level Control Assembly
the quantity of water needed.
is the safety feature of the unit that
Lid Switch-
operates with the lid.
is a large round container where act of
Tub-.
washing happen
is a mechanism inside the tub that
Agitator- makes the water and
clothes to spin
 TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS in WASHING MACHINE
Learning Objective
At the end of these INFORMATATION SHEET, YOU MUST able to
a. identify the faults and defects of washing machine
b. troubleshoot the damage parts of washing machine
Introduction:
Steps in Troubleshooting:
1. Conduct a quick diagnosis of the trouble symptom and repair the
defective set in the shortest possible time. Do not troubleshoot an washing
machine unless you have determined the fault. Trace the fault from the
mechanical section or electrical circuit section.
2. When troubleshooting integrated circuits (ICs) in the electrical/electronic
circuit section, do not remove the IC from the PCB. Secure a circuit diagram
from the manufacturer to help you identify the function of the IC. Consider
the pin out of the IC.
3. When troubleshooting in the electrical/ electronic circuit section, prior to
pre-testing, consider voltage measurement on components first before
removing it for testing. If the measured voltage is normal, the component
might be the cause of the problem. Either way, if the measured voltage is
not normal (increased or decreased) the preceding circuit/ components
might be the cause.
4. If the trouble symptom is caused by aging components, the defective
component is usually one of them. However, in high-power-handling
circuits, a defective component may cause other components to
malfunction.
5. Be familiar with the usual defects of components. (e.g. capacitors usually
become leaky, shorted or open/ resistor increase their resistance when they
become defective/ semi-conductors such as transistors usually become
open or shorted)
6. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have
corrected the trouble
7. Always suspect a faulty contact on mechanical switch circuit rather than
defective electronic components.
8. When measuring resistance in the circuit, make sure that the circuit if
OFF and power is not being supplied in the circuit, and that stored charges
in capacitors are properly discharged. Failure to do so can damage the volt-
ohm-milliameter (VOM) and the circuit due to the low resistance of the
ohmmeter.
9. While using a VOM for in-circuit resistance measurement, always
exchange the setting of positive and negative probes. Take the higher meter
reading with the approximate resistance.
10. Use soldering irons with the proper power rating to prevent the
components and the circuit board from being overheated and damaged.
Soldering iron tips should be cleaned and preferably slim.
11. Use proper tools and soldering aids when troubleshooting PCB. Ground
the soldering iron to avoid damaging ICs and transistors.
12. Dry solder joints are hard to detect. However, when they are found or
suspected, remove the components from the PCB; then, file or clean the
leads and solder the joints back. Reheating dry joints with a new soldering
lead is another remedy. When re-soldering, make sure you do not overheat
the components. Overheating the PCB may cause the copper layer on it to
warp and peel off.
13. USE Personal Protective Equipment.
Maintenance of Washing Machine Steps
1. Turn off the washing machine and remove the cord from the source of
voltage.
2. Apply lubricant to mechanical parts of the washing machine that
requires lubrication through a drop of oil or grease to assure smooth
operation without grinding or squeaks.
3. Replace the bushings or end bells for squeaks with the use of appropriate
tools if squeaks cannot be corrected by applying lubricants.
4. Apply or spray anti-rust lubricants to all mechanical parts of the washing
machine to drive out moisture, protect corrosion, loosen rusted metal parts
and even frees sticky mechanism.
5. Clean and check cooling louvers for any obstructions to avoid cutting off
the air flow.
6. Clean or wipe dust and foreign particles at the PC Board and metal parts
of the motor.
7. Replace worn or frayed AC cord and electrical wires.

Cleaning Instructions Steps

1. Use mild soap and damp cloth or rug when cleaning plastic front panel
and cover. They are susceptible to immediate and long term damage from
solvents.
2. Apply denatured alcohol as the safest solvent to use for plastic front panel
and cover with heavy stain. It should be used only as a last resort and apply
to areas with heavy stain.
Procedure in Repairing a Washing Machine
1. Once the specific electrical/mechanical problem is located:

 consider the techniques for the proper removal of the defective

component or parts;
 anticipate what to do if the replacement part does not correct the
problem;
 And check the installation of the replacement or original part for any
improper mounting in the mechanical assembly or circuit board.
2. Examine carefully the mounting of the replacement of original parts of
the system.
 Check the placement of the wires or leads of the replacement
component.
 Consider significant factors used in the original installation such as
insulating washer, silicon grease and locating mark for pin
connections.
 Observe proper placement of the component leads for electrical parts.
3. Perform the techniques for the proper soldering of electrical parts.
 Be careful not to damage adjacent components.
 Be careful not to lift the copper conductive path from circuit board
base material.
 Avoid any solder bridges between board paths.
 Do not destroy the component being removed in case it is still
functional and be careful not to damage the component being
installed.
4. Verify all connections and harness.
 Be sure that all components pre-positioned in a manner that will
avoid the possibility of having adjacent components short circuited.
 Be sure to check or inspect all insulators and barriers between
sections after working on any model/brand of washing machine.
 Check for frayed or broken insulation on all wiring including the AC
line cord.
 Be sure to replace fuses, resistors and capacitors with special
designation such as flame proof to components equal to the original
value for both safety and liability purposes.
5. Once the repair is completed, perform an AC leakage test on all exposed
metal parts of a washing machine to eliminate the possibility of electric
shock.
  Perform complete retesting of the washing machine to ensure the
correctness of the actual repair.
 Connect the washing machine into the 60Hz power to allow the time
period required to let the new parts settle in and operate as they are
designed to work with each other.
 Recheck or inspect if the repair was done correctly and the unit
functions properly to ensure successful completion of the repair.
6. Clean the washing machine before it would be returned to the customer.
 Be sure that the drum, pulsator, side cover tub and top cover of the
washing machine are
 Properly cleaned.
 Be sure that proper cleaning is given to the control panel or switch
box to ensure safety.
 Maintenance of Washing Machine
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Familiarize the methods in maintaining the units
2. Familiarize the procedure in cleaning a units.
Introduction:
Maintaining your machine can prevent breakdowns, leaks, as well as
water damage. Your clothes washer offers your household loads of support,
so periodically take the time to return the favour. Washing machine
maintenance can help you avoid breakdowns that could put the appliance
out of commission — or worse, lead to leaks and costly water damage.
1. Replace the water hoses. Check hoses regularly for bulging,
cracking, fraying, and leaks around the ends. Replace the hose if a
problem is found or every three to five years as part of a proactive
maintenance program.
2. Move the machine. Check that there are at least four inches between
your washing machine and the wall. This prevents hoses from
kinking.
3. Keep the machine level. A washing machine that's off kilter can
vibrate, rock, or "walk" across the floor during the spin cycle, which
can damage the floor or the machine. Balance the washer by turning
the legs clockwise to lower it, and counter clockwise to raise it.
4. Clean the lint filter. Depending on your machine, the lint collector
may be located in the agitator tube, which is the centre column of
most machines, or near the top of the washtub. Keep it clean to help
your washer run efficiently.
5. Wash the washing machine. Rinse away soap residue and build up
by running store-bought washing machine cleaner, or a solution of
hot water, vinegar, and baking soda through an empty load.
6. Prevent musty odors and mildew. Leave the washer lid or door open
between loads to dry out the unit and keep it smelling fresh. On front-
loading washers wipe down the rubber seal around the door after
doing your laundry.
7. Measure your detergent. Read the appliance instruction manual to
make sure you use the correct type and amount of detergent for your
machine. Too much soap can leave residue on your clothes and cause
excess wear and tear on your washer, and high-efficiency washers
require a special, low-sudsing detergent.
8. Don't overload the machine. Use the appropriate amount of water
for the size of the load. Wash heavy or bulky items in small loads
since these are harder on the appliance.
 9. Add a drip pan underneath your washing machine. This is an
important addition to an upstairs laundry room, since water leaks
could damage the floors below it.
How to Clean a Front-Loader
If you have a front-loader washing machine, cleaning is not very
difficult.
1.     Set the washer to the hottest, longest setting.
2.     Add two cups of vinegar.
3.     Add one-quarter cup of baking soda.
4.     Start the wash cycle and let it run until it’s complete.
5.     When complete, wipe down the inside and outside surfaces with a
damp sponge.
6.     Dry all the surfaces with a clean, dry cloth.
7.     Repeat these steps monthly.
How to Clean a Top-Loader
Cleaning a top-loader washing machine is a little more involved than
cleaning a front-loader.
1.     Set the washer to the hottest, longest setting.
2.     Add four cups of bleach.
3.     Let the washer fill completely, then stop it and let it soak for a full
hour.
4.     Turn it back on after an hour, and let it complete the full wash
cycle.
5.     Now start it again, on the hottest, longest setting.
6.     Add four cups of vinegar.
7.     Let the washer fill completely, then stop it and let it soak for an
hour.
8.     At the end of an hour, take a sponge and dip it in the vinegar
water from the tub.
9.     Use the sponge to clean all the exposed surfaces, including the
detergent or softener basket and the lip of the tub.
10.  Now start it again, and let it run through the complete wash cycle.
11.  When complete, dry the interior with a clean, dry cloth.
12.  Repeat these steps monthly.

Pre-Testing and Troubleshooting for Washing Machine

Learning Objectives;
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
a. Identify the damage of the washing machine
b. Diagnose the problem
c. Fix the damage components/ parts.
Introduction:
A washing machine is basically a big tub that repeatedly fills with
water and then drains, spins to wring clothes dry, and has a device for
stirring the contents up—either an agitator in the middle of a top-load
machine or a rolling drum in a front-loading machine.
Procedure and Techniques in Pre-Testing a Washing Machine
1. Be sure you understand how the washing machine operates. If possible,
read the operation’s manual first for its function and additional features.
2. Determine what the problem really is.
3. Perform preliminary inspection to locate where the problem has
originated.
4. Perform closer inspection into the suspected parts or components.
5. Use appropriate instrument in initial testing of the appliance. (With the
aid of ohmmeter, connect the test prods to the AC plug, turn on the timer
switch and observe the pointer of the ohmmeter. If resistance is observed,
the power line as well as the motor is in good condition. If the pointer did
not move it means an open circuit.)
6. Plan your approach to repair the problem.
Washing machine Troubleshooting Guide When the machine does not
function properly or does not function at all, check the following points
before anything else.
 REASSEMBLING and TESTING REPAIRED WASHING MACHINE
Reassembling Procedure:
1. After replacing the defective component of the appliance, prepare the
parts for reassembling. Make sure that there are no missing parts and as
well as the screw/s.
2. Fix all the disassembled parts in the housing/compartment, considering
the Fittings/locks.
3. Wires and loose parts should be in proper place to avoid damaged due to
misaligned compartment.
4. All sides of the housing should fit accordingly. Moving parts must move
as it can be moved by hand and free from obstructions.
5. Tighten screw/s accordingly.
6. Clean the unit before doing the post-testing procedure.

Post-testing Procedure:
1. Test the resistance at the AC plug to determine the continuity of the
power line to the AC motor. A resistance reading must be observed as you
turn the timer switch to ON position. This indicates that the circuit
connection is good.
2. In the case of electronically-controlled washing machine, there is no
resistance reading as you test the AC plug. The reason is that there is a low-
voltage power supply circuit that controls the functions of the appliance.
3. Energize the unit to check its functionality. Plug the AC cord to the power
source (the timer switch is at OFF position and power ON button for
electronically-controlled must be OFF too). Turn the timer switch
accordingly and observe if the unit functions as it should be. In the case of
electronically-controlled, press button one at a time observing the behavior.
This time, the unit should operate normally. If not, review the
documentation and the problem for the second time.

Testing Procedure:
1. Test the resistance at the AC plug to determine the continuity of the
power line to the AC motor. A resistance reading must be observed.
2. Energize the unit to check its functionality. Press button one at a time
observing the behavior. This time, the unit should operate normally. If not,
review the documentation and the problem for the second time.