Constitution of India
Constitution of India
Constitution of India
Contents
Sections Particulars
Preamble
Part I The Union And Its Territory
1 Name and territory of the Union
2 Admission or establishment of new States
2A [Repealed]
3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental,
incidental and consequential matters
Part II Citizenship
5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan
7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
9 Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship
11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
Part III Fundamental Rights
General
12 Definition
13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights Right of Equality
14 Equality before law
15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
17 Abolition of untouchability
18 Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom
19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences
21 Protection of life and personal liberty
22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right against Exploitation
23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor
24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
26 Freedom to manage religious affairs
27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights
29 Protection of interests of minorities
30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
31 [Repealed]
Saving of certain laws
31A Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
31D [Repealed]
Right to Constitutional Remedies
32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
32A [Repealed]
33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application, etc.
34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
Part IV Directive Principles Of State Policy
36 Definition
37 Application of the principles contained in this Part
38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
39A Equal justice and free legal aid
40 Organization of village panchayats
41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
43 Living wage, etc., for workers
43A Participation of workers in management of industries
44 Uniform civil code for the citizens
45 Provision for free and compulsory education for children
46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
48 Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
50 Separation of judiciary from executive
51 Promotion of international peace and security
Part IVA Fundamental Duties
51A Fundamental duties
Part V The Union
Chapter I The Executive
The President and Vice-President
52 The President of India
53 Executive power of the Union
54 Election of President
55 Manner of election of President
56 Term of office of President
57 Eligibility for re-election
58 Qualifications for election as President
59 Conditions of President’s office
60 Oath or affirmation by the President
61 Procedure for impeachment of the President
62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual
vacancy
63 The Vice-President of India
64 The Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States
65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the
absence, of President
66 Election of Vice-President
67 Term of office of Vice-President
68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual
vacancy
69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies
71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President
72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
73 Extent of executive power of the Union Council of Ministers
74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
75 Other provisions as to Ministers
The Attorney-General for India
76 Attorney-General for India
Conduct of Government Business
77 Conduct of business of the Government of India
78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
Chapter II Parliament
General
79 Constitution of Parliament
80 Composition of the Council of States
81 Composition of the House of the People
82 Readjustment after each census
83 Duration of Houses of Parliament
84 Qualification for membership of Parliament
85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
87 Special address by the President
88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses Officers of Parliament
89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
98 Secretariat of Parliament
Conduct of Business
99 Oath or affirmation by members
100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Disqualifications of Members
101 Vacation of seats
102 Disqualifications for membership
103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members
105 Powers, privileges, etc. of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
106 Salaries and allowances of members
Legislative Procedure
107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
110 Definition of "Money Bill"
111 Assent to Bills
Procedures in Financial Matters
112 Annual financial statement
113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
114 Appropriation Bills
115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants
116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
117 Special provisions as to financial Bills
Procedure Generally
118 Rules of procedure
119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
120 Language to be used in Parliament
121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament
122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
Chapter III Legislative Powers Of The President
123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
Chapter IV The Union Judiciary
124 Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
125 Salaries, etc., of Judges
126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice
127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges
128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
129 Supreme Court to be a court of record
130 Seat of Supreme Court
131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
131A [Repealed]
132 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases
133 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters
134 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
134A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
139A Transfer of certain cases
140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court
144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
144A [Repealed]
145 Rules of court, etc.
146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
147 Interpretation
Chapter V Comptroller And Auditor-General Of India
148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States
151 Audit reports
Part VI The States
Chapter I General
152 Definition
Chapter II The Executive
The Governor
153 Governors of States
154 Executive power of State
155 Appointment of Governor
156 Term of office of Governor
157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor
158 Conditions of Governor’s office
159 Oath or affirmation by Governor
160 Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
161 Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
162 Extent of executive power of State
Council of Ministers
163 Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
164 Other provisions as to Ministers
The Advocate-General for the State
165 Advocate-General for the State
Conduct of Government Business
166 Conduct of business of the Government of a State
167 Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
Individual officers
Chapter III The State Legislature
General
168 Constitution of Legislatures in States
169 Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
170 Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
171 Composition of the Legislative Councils
172 Duration of State Legislatures
173 Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
174 Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution
175 Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
176 Special address by the Governor
177 Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Officers of the State Legislature
178 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
179 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
180 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
181 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
185 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
186 Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
187 Secretariat of State Legislature
Conduct of Business
188 Oath or affirmation by members
189 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Disqualifications of Members
190 Vacation of seats
191 Disqualifications for membership
192 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
193 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
251 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
252 Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State
333 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
334 Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after fifty years
335 Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts
336 Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services
337 Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community
338 Special Officer for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, etc.
339 Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes
340 Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
341 Scheduled Castes
342 Scheduled Tribes
Part XVII Official Language
Chapter I Language Of The Union
343 Official language of the Union
344 Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language
Chapter II Regional Languages
345 Official language or languages of a State
346 Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union
347 Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State
Chapter III Language Of The Supreme Court, High Courts, Etc
348 Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
349 Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language
Chapter IV Special Directives
350 Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
350A Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage
350B Special Officer for linguistic minorities
351 Directive for development of the Hindi language
Part XVIII Emergency Provisions
352 Proclamation of Emergency
353 Effect of Proclamation of Emergency
354 Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
355 Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
356 Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in State
357 Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
358 Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
359 Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
359A [Repealed]
360 Provisions as to financial emergency
Part XIX Miscellaneous
361 Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
361A Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislature
362 [Repealed]
363 Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
363A Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
364 Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes
365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
366 Definitions
367 Interpretation
Part XX Amendment Of The Constitution
368 Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor
Part XXI Temporary, Transitional And Special Provisions
369 Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the
Concurrent List
370 Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
371 Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat
371A Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
371B Special provision with respect to the State of Assam
371C Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur
371D Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh
371E Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371F Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
371G Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
371H Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
371-I Special provision with respect to the State of Goa
372 Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation
372A Power of the President to adapt laws
373 Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases
374 Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in
Council
375 Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution
376 Provisions as to Judges of High Courts
377 Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
378 Provisions as to Public Service Commissions
378A Special provisions as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
379-391 [Repealed]
392 Power of the President to remove difficulties
Part XXII Short title, commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals
393 Short title
394 Commencement
395 Repeals
Schedule First Schedule
Second Schedule
Third Schedule
Fourth Schedule
Fifth Schedule
Sixth Schedule
Seventh Schedule
Eighth Schedule
Ninth Schedule
Tenth Schedule
Eleventh Schedule
Twelfth Schedule