CHAP 4: Measures of Dispersion Dn , but differ in their variations. There is more ‘ariaion in data (b) as compared to data (a). This illustrates the fact iher measure of central tendency is not sufficient. We there for need some additional information concerning with how the data are dispersed about the average. Dispersion The degree to which numerical data tend to spread about an average value is called the dispersion or variation of the data. Types Of Dispersion There are two main types of the dispersion: = Absolute Dispersion Relative Dispersion Absolute Dispersion i irement in “hich It measures the variation among the values in the same Sere tala are wed ja iginal data are given such as rupees, kilograms, inches ete, These vats have same wPat® the Variation in two distributions, which are give 7 : © average,410 Business Statistics & Mathematics for B.Com Party ‘The absolute measures which are commonly used are . Range . Quartile Deviation | . Mean Deviation . Li Standard Deviation or Variance Relative Dispersion s If we compare the dispersion of two dissimilar distributions we need relative term is called relative dispersion. It is useful for comparison of data of different nature. (OR) . The ratio between the measure of dispersion and corresponding measure of location is called relative dispersion. These measures are free of units in which the original data is measured. The relative measures which are commonly used are . Coefficient of Range = Coefficient of Quartile Deviation . Coefficient of Mean Deviation . Coefficient of Variation Range For Ungroup Data The difference between the maximum and minimum value of the given data is called range. For Group Data The difference between the upper class boundary of the highest class and lower class boundary of the lowest class is called range. Mathematically defined as Range = Xp- Xo Where Xm — Maximum Value Xo — Minimum Value The range is very simple measure of variability and only takes into account tw? most extreme observations. a oaa win Range is an absolute measure of dis = of dispersion is covitee a spersion and its corresponding telative measure Coefficient of Range = Xa =X, | X,+X, PROBLEM — 1 Find Range and Coefficient o 12, 6, 7, 3, 15, 10, 18, 5, 24 SOLUTION Range = X,~X, f Range from the following data: Here Xm= 24 and X,=3 Range = 24-3 Range = 21 Coefficient of Range = Xa —Xo X, +X, 24 =0.7 | 2443 oe | PROBLEM - 2 | Calculate the Range and Coefficient of Range from the following data: Coefficient of Range = Classes | Frequency | Classes Frequency 110-119 | 2 160-169 | 18 120-129 | 4 170-179 | 13 130-139 | 17 180-189 | 6 140-149 | 28 190-199 | s | 150-159 | 25 200-209 | 2Business Statistics & Mathematics for B.Com a \ 112 SOLUTION Classes f CB. | 110-119 2 109.5 - 119.5 120 - 129 4 119.5 ~ 129.5 130 - 139 7 129.5 ~ 139.5 140 - 149 28 139.5 ~ 149.5 150-159 25 149.5 - 159.5 160 - 169 18 159.5 ~ 169.5 170-179 13 169.5 ~ 179.5 180-189 6 179.5 ~ 189.5 190-199 5 189.5 ~ 199.5 200-209 2 | 199.5 ~ 209.5 z 120 {| Range = Xq~X, Here Xn=209.5 and X,= 109.5 Range = 209.5-109,5 Range = 100 Coefficient of Range = X, +X, Coefficient of Range = 209.5~109.5 = 0.3135 209.5+109,5 nd the range and coefficient of range for the following data: @ 78,45, 96, 27, 62, 83, 94, 56, 39 (ii) 120, 118, 147, 128, 123, 131, 148, 142, 136, 141 Q.2 The grades of a student on six ex: ‘aminations were 84, 91, 72, 68, 87 and 78. Find the range and Coefficient of Tange for the grades, ad113 Q.3 The heights of 100 ¢ followi . Find thee ‘ i iven i ge for the fo! lowing data: Q5 Calculate range and coefficien oF range for the following frequency distribution. Group | Frequency Group | Frequency ] | 753-754 4 75.6 ~75.7 12 15.4 -75.5 7 75.7 -75.8 75.5 ~75.6 19 758-759 Inter ~ Quartile range The difference between the upper and lower quartiles is called inter-quartile range. Mathematically defined as LQR.= QQ Where Q = Upper Quartile Qa > Lower Quartile Quartile Deviation . i Half of the difference between the upper and lower quartiles is called semi inter- quartile range. Semi inter — quartile range is also called quartile deviation and is denoted by Q.D., Mathematically defined as = @-% oo = ' ing relative Quartile deviation is an absolute measure of dispersion and its corresponding Measure of dispersion is coefficient of quartile deviation, given as Coefficient of Q.D.114 Business Statistics g Mathem: for Bc, Som p, PROBLEM - 3 Find Quartile Deviation and Coeffi cient of Q.D. from the following data 12, 6,7, 3, 15, 10, 18, 5, 24 SOLUTION The arranged values are 3,5, 6,7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 Lower Quartile (Q,) ~ X= 10] 10 Now rm eksei0 10 | Mans = Coefficient of M,p,=Mean Deviation from Mean Mean | Cetin ofM.D. = => (Coefficient of M.D. = 0.48ics SOM arty Business St oe —O—™— RS m-6 i fficient of dispersio, PROBLE Deviation from Mean and its coe sPersion from the Calculate Mean following data: Classes | Frequency Classes Frequency i -169 110-119 2 160 os B 120-129 4 170-1 : 130 - 139 17 180 - 189 o-149| 28 ‘| «190-199 5 150-159 25 200 - 209 2 SOLUTION Mean Deviation (From Mean) p< X= ; SF Mean x- yx yi Classes | F | X | £X | xX~-15533 ||X-— 155.33| | f]X - 155.33 No-119 | 2 | 1145 | 229 — 40.83 40.83 81.66 a ° 4 | 1245 | 498.0 — 30.83 30.83 123.32 van r bss 2286.5 | -20.83 20.83 354.11 e 5 | 4046.0 | 10.83 10.83 303.24 ~159 | 25 | 1545 | 3862.5 ~0.83 et . 0.83 20.75 9 | 18 | 164.5 | 2961.0 9.17 9.17 06 170-179 | 13 | 1745 | 29685 19.17 ; te 180-189 | 6 | 1845 | tore . 19.17 249.21 10-199 | 5 | s04s | om 29.17 29.17 175.02 20-200] 2 | 2045 | ame a7 39.17 195.85 Tals ee 98.34 aS 0} - 18640 . | ! . 1766.06 > Bee 4Mp. = 21% ~ 155.331 120 MD. = 1766.06 Coefficient of M.p.= Mean Deviation from Mean Mean Coefficient of M.D, = 14.72. 155.33 -» ‘oefficient of M.D. = 0.09: Mean Deviation from Median =]xX-X M.D. = 3x-3| For ungroup data _ : Coefficient of M.p.= Meat Deviation from Median Median PROBLEM —7 Calculate Mean Deviation from Median and its coefficient of dispersion from the following data: 2,6, 9, 12, 8, 13, 5, 6, 23, 16 SOLUTION Mean Deviation from Mean MD. = 2x -%] n The arranged values are 2,5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 23i e Position of X valu (lott) Position of X= (4) value fX =5.5" value Business Statistics & Mathematics for B.Com Pans Position o| X = Positional value + Decimal part (difference) X = 5" value + 0.5 (6" value — st value) K =8+05(9-8) X=85 x X-85 |x -85| 2 -6.5 6.5 6 -25 25 9 0.5 05 i 3.5 35 : -05 0.5 13 45 45 5 -35 3.5 6 -2.5 25 2 145 145 6 ne 15 ® : 46 Now = .D.= 4, Coefficient of M.p.= Mean Deviation from Median Median ‘ Coefficient of M.D. = oefficient of M.D. 4CHAP 4: Measures of Dispersion PROBLEM — 8 Calculate Mean Deviat i j es ae ‘on from Median and its coe: ficient of dispersion from the Classes Frequency Classes Frequency 110-119 2 160-169 18 120-129 4 170~179 13 130-139 17 180-189 6 140-149 28 190-199 150-159 25 200-209 2 SOLUTION Classes | f CB. Cr x} |x - 153.1] f] X - 153.1] No-119]} 2 | 1095-1195 | 2 114.5 38.6 772 120-129} 4 | 1195-1295] 6 124.5 28.6 144 130-139 | 17 | 1295-1395 | 23 | 134.5 18.6 316.2 140-149 | 28 | 139.5-149.5 | 51 144.5 86 me 150-159] 25 | 1495-1595 | 76 | 154.5 14 164.5 14 205.2 160-169 | 18 | 159.5-169.5 | 94 : 20sa 107 | 174.5 214 . 170-179 | 13 | 169.5-179.5 a vena 180-189} 6 | 179.5-189.5 | 113 | 184.5 au ae 190-199 | 5 | 1895-1995 | 118 ae sia ae = 120 | 204. : 200-209 | 2 | 199.5-209.5 - maa | | z 120 - : i Mean Deviation from Median j f|x - X ‘I M.D. = 2/x- I Median124 Business Statistics & Mathematics for B. ‘om Pp, Here n 120. 69, 1= 149.5, £=25,h= 10, C=51 2 2 = 10 = 149.5 + —(60 - 51 K=149.5 351 ) = 9 x=1495+ 10s = 90 = 149.5 + — Ke 1495 + X= 149.5 43.6 > X= 153.1 Now X = 153.1 mp. 2X = 153.1 120 MD.= wee > M.D. = 14.71] And Coefficient of M.D. = Mean Deviation from Median Median . 14.71 F Coefficient of MD. = 75> => (Coefficient of M.D. = 0.096 dit Neg 9 (a ee ee Q.1 Find Mean deviation from median and its coefficient of dispersion from the following data: 127, 113, 132, 128, 125, 130, 119, 117, 121. Q.2_ Find the Mean deviation from mean and its coefficient of dispersion from the following data: 121, 115, 79, 52, 102, 126, 81, 65, 109, 119, 115, 121, 103, 75, 59, 110 Calculate Mean deviation from median and its coefficient of dispersion from & following frequency distribution. geCHAP 4: Measures of Dispersion -—— 4-44 | 45~49 : so-sa ] Q.4 Calculate Mean deviation from m following frequency distribution, I ean and its coefficient of di Group | Frequency Group | Frequency ] 33-44 4 667.7 12 44-55 7 77-88 6 5.5-6.6 19 88-99 ani Q5 Calculate M.D. for the following frequency distribution, Classes | Frequency] Classes Frequency 93-97 2 113-117 14 9.8-10.2 5 11.8 - 12.2 6 10.3 - 10.7 12 12.3-12.7 3 10.8 11.2 17 12.8- 13.2 Standard Deviation levi ym mean is called Positive square root of the average of squared de pie 7 a eae Sue ‘atic ii sed in the same vi Standard deviation. The S.D. is expres: themselves, Standard deviation (Using arithmetic Mean) ~ dX (x-x/y S= er For ungroup data For group data ispersion from the. : 26 Business Statistics & Mathematics for Bg, : B, PROBLEM - 9 Calculate Standard Deviation by using A.M. (by definition) from the fog Wi data; 3,5,7,13,15,17,23,27 SOLUTION x X~13.75 (X~ 13.757? 3 ~10.75 115.5625 5 -8.75 76.5625 ~6.75 45.5625 13 0.75 0.5625 Is 1.25 1.5625 4 17 3.25 10.5625 i B 9.25 85.5625 2 13.25 175.5625 |__u0 0 5115 Standard deviation (Using arithmetic Mean) ga fLO=X} n Mean X= “ => Now =, [U5 y => — $=63.9375 => gs= 7.996 iCHAP 4: Measures of Dispersion ° pROBLEM - 10 Classes | F, Fequency | Classes Frequeney 10-— 10-119 2 160-169] 4g 120-129 4 10-179 n 130-139 17 180189 6 140-149 28 190 ~ 199 150-159 25 200-209 2 — SOLUTION Classes | f x £X X- 155.33 (X= 155.33)? £(X - 155.33) | 7 MO-119 | 2 | 114.5 | 299 = 40.83 1667.0889 3334.1778 120-129 | 4 | 1245 | 498.0 = 30.83 950.4889 3801.9556 1 130-139 ] 17 | 134.5 | 2286.5 ~ 20.83 433.8889 7376.1113 fH 140-149 | 28 | 144.5 | 4046.0 — 10.83 117.2889 32840892 Hit 150-159 | 25 | 154.5 | 3862.5 = 0.83 0.6889 17.2225 fl 160-169 | 18 | 164.5 | 2961.0 9.17 84,0889 1513.6002 if 170-179 | 13 | 174.5 | 2268.5 19.17 367.4889 47773557 ii] 180-189 | 6 | 1845 | 1107.0 29.17 850.8889 5105.3334 i 190-199 | 5 | 1945 | 972.5 39.17 1534.2889 76714445 1 200-209 | 2 | 204.5 | 409.0 49.17 2417.6889 4835.3778 {| = lio] - | 18640 : : 41716.6680 |! Standard Deviation (By definition) fl > £(x-X “ : $e di ) I } yo xf {| Mean fil = _ 18640 = 155.33 hid aeBusiness Sta Dif (X-155.33)' Sey 6680 j=, [T6668 120 S= 18.64 Standard deviation (Direct Method) ; 7 S= Ds {2 For ungroup data n n = JER _ (Zey S= oF” (52) For group data Coefficient of Variation The most imy variation. It is used that are measured in different units. For example, one may be measured in hours and the other in rupees. The group which has smaller value of coefficient of variation is comparatively more consistent. The coefficient of variation is defined as CV.= (§ x 100% ics & Mathematics for B.Com ‘i Sty portant of all the relative measures of dispersion is coefficient of to compare the variation in two or more set of data or distributions diff PROBLEM - 14 Calculate the Standard Deviation and Coefficient of variation from the following lata; Classes Frequency Classes Frequency 110-119 2 160-169 18 120-129 4 170~179 13 130-139 17 180-189 6 140-149 28 190-199 5 150-159 25 200-209 2SOLUTION Coefficient of Variation = ($ : 10) aa Classes f 4 x X x wo-119 | 2 | aigs 29 aaa 120-129 | 4 | 4245 498.0 6201.00 130-139 | 17 | 345 22865 | 30753495 140-149 | 28 | 1445 4046.0 | sga647.00 150-159 | 25 | 545 38625 | 59675625 160-169 | 18 | 1645 2961.0 | 48708450 170-1799 | 13 | i745 22685 | 395853, 180-189 | 6 1845 11070 | 20424150 190-199 | 5 194.5 9725 189151.25 200-209 | 2 | 245 409.0 83640.50 | = 120 - 18640 2937130 Standard Deviation ; fx? £X sp.= | OX _ (Rex Daf he ; 2937130 _ (18640 SD, =| 2937130 _ (18640 120 120 S.D. = 244760833 — 24128 4448 S S.D.= (3476386 => SD. = 18.64 Mean ze Dtx > _ 18640 120 a Rema ; CHAP 4: Measures of Dispersion 129, qteo Business Statistics & Math: fore, 130 Sey 55.33 a _ ( 18.67 % Coefficient of Variation = ( 15833 * 10) G ‘oefficient of Variation = 12,02 PROBLEM - 12 Classes | Frequency | Classes Frequency | Classes Frequency S-175} 2 |a7s-325} 14 |aos—a7s 6 5-225} 22 1325-375 3 475 ~ 52.5 1 225-215) 19 |375-45] 4 | sa5_ 575]. 1 Required: Coefficient of Variation. (B.Com P.U, 2011) SOLUTION Coefficient of Variation = (§ « 10 % Classes | f | x £X x 125-175 | 2 15 30 450 175-225 | 29 20 440 8800 22.5-27.5 | 19 25 475 11875, 275-325 | 14 30 420 12600 325-375 3 35 + 105 3675 37.5~ 42.5 4 40 - 160 6400 42.5475 6 45 270 12150 475-525 | 1 50 50 2500 525-575 | 1 55 55 3025 -——__ | wl. 2005 61475 aH 85 | XnCHAP 4: Measures of Dispersion Standard Deviation S.D.= ae = (Bay Lf S.D.= [228 — (ama Pe aoe SD.= V 853.8194 — eS > SD.=J78196 Mean x= LEX yt x= 2005 72 X = 27.85 Coefficient of Variation = x 100) % 85 | efficient of Variation = 31.74 Standard deviation (Short-cut Method) 7 | s= [22 -(22} For ungroup data a(n 2 : i | S= - = xP] For group data i \ oF f | Where D=X-A PROBLEM ~ 43 (Deviation Method) fom the folly; Calculate Standard Deviation by Shortcut Method “lowing data: 35,7,13,15,17,23,27ae Business Statistics & Mathematics for B.Com 132 Pay | X D=X-13 Dp -10 100 y | a 7 -6 36 13 0 0 15 2 17 4 16 23 10 100 27 14 196 110 6 516 Standard deviation (Shortcut Method) 7 g= [22 (Zp n n Here D=X~A => D=x-13 Now = > 8= 63.9375 > &§ 96 PROBLEM ~ 14 Calculate Standard Deviation by Shorteut Method following data: (Deviation Method) from the Classes Frequency 160-169 18 170-179 B 180~ 189 6 190 ~199 200 ~ 209SOLUTION | HAP 4: Measures of nn Classes f x | D=x_ 0-119 | 2 | a45 as 2_|_o? 120-129 | 4 | 1045 29 ae] ae 130-139 | 17 | 1345 ~10 em | ee 140-149 | 28 | 1445 0 ceo 150-159 | 25 | 1545 10 : 160-169 | 18 | 164.5 20 0 | 70 170-179 | 13 | 174.5 30 390 as 180-189 | 6 | 1845 40 240 | 9600 ane 5 194.5 50 250 12500 200 - 2 | 2045 60 120 | 7200 z ol — . 1300 | 55800 Standard Deviation (Shortcut Method) (Devi Pe = xe) 1300 f- 120 ee) $= 4655-11736 S= 347.64 IS = 18.64) | Standard deviation (Step-Deviation Method) Were -*-4 For ungroup data For group data 133ne Business Statistics & Mathematics, for B.Com 134 Pay PROBLEM - 15 Calculate Standard Deviation by Coding Method (Step - deviation Methog) fy the following data: Classes | Frequency Classes | Frequency | 10-119 2 160-169 18 120-129 4 170-179 13 130-139 17 180-189 6 140-149 28 190-199 3 150-159 25 200-209 2 SOLUTION Clases | | x | ye Xa wu | 110-119 2 114.5 <3 -6 18 120-129 4 124.5 -2 -8 16 130-139 17 134.5 -1 -17 17 140-149 28 144.5 0 0 0 150-159 | 25 154.5 1 25 25 160 - 169 18 164.5 2 36 2 170-179 13 174.5 3 39 117 180-189 6 184.5 4 24 96 190~199 5: 194.5 5 25 125 200-209 | 2 | 2045 6 122) 2 z 120 - - 130 | 558 | Standard Deviation (Step - Deviation Method) 7cHAP 4: Measures of Dispersio, n | $=10x,|598_ (130 120 a) uh S=10x V4.65-1.1736 IS = 18.64) | erties of “Standard Deviation” | Some of the mathematical properties of the “Stan . \dard Deviation” Standard deviation of a constant is always ze ae a | $.D. (@)=0 * | Standard deviationis unaffected by change of origin ie. | S.D. (X+a)= SD. (X) deviationis affected by. change of scale i.e. prop Standard SD. (aX) =418.D-&) ac = i s.D.(X) | 1fX and Y s. p(x#¥) Y) Qf _s s ithmeti means wt If Kp Kar ore be ine ssn c H ok | deviation St standard de de "tion isBusiness Statistics Mathematicg forg For a set of information calculate deviation, 9320, A = 100 = 43850, A= 90 (ii) Ef= 125, sys 45, DAU? Q4 Find Standard deviation by direct deviation method for the followin 121, 115, 179, 52, 102, 126, 81,65, 109, 119, 115, 121, 103, 75, 59 and 119 Taking A= 109 Qs Calculate Standard deviation by coding method (Step ~ ep following frequency distrib, deviation Methog) for te ution. Also find Coefficient of Variation, the standard @ n= 150, 2D = 180, pp? = 24 (i) Ef=200, rep = 250, Zep? =306, U= = method and check Your answer by ig data: Group Frequen Grou Frequency ‘quency Pp 4 56~57 12 a 57-58 6 19 58-59 2 Q6 The heights of 100 « ollege students Measured to nearest inch are given in the Standard deviation by shorteut method (deviation Method), Height 63 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 following table, Find 64 | 65 66 | 67 No. of Students 4 $ {10} 20} 30/33 ata Ta Variance Average of Squared deviation from the arithmetic mean is called variance Variance is the square of the standard deviation, The © concept of vari ; it mec Was introduced in 198) by RA. Fisher. Due 10 importance, Variance is commonly used Measure of di ? Variance (Using arithm, ispersion. etic Mean) 2 U(X- y Ss : For ungroup data £(x-x} s 2 For group dataCHAP 4 Measeres of Dispersion PROBLEM — 16 Calculate Variance by de Classes SOLUTION Classes | f xX fx |x | Xn 1se : 18533 | (~ 155.33) 1X - 155.337 10-119 N4s | 99 2 ; 40.83 1667.0889 334.1778 120-129 124.5 | 4989 ~30.83 950.4889 3801.9556 130-139 | 17 | 134.5 | 20965 ~20.83 433.8889 7376.1113 MO-149 ) 28 | 144.5 | 4046.0 ~ 10.83 117.2889 3284.0892 150-159 | 25 | 154.5 | 3862.5 - 0.83 0.6889 17.2225 160-169 | 18 | 164.5 | 2961.9 9.17 84.0889 1513.6002 0-179 | 13 | 174.5 | 29685 19.17 367.4889 4771.3557 ‘0-189 | 6 | 1845 | 11070 29.17 850.8889 $105.3334 0-199 | 5 | 104.5 | 9705 39.17 1534,2889 7611.4445 200-209 | 2 204.5 | 409.0 49.17 2417.6889 48353778 6.6680 De 120; - | 18640 . : aries finition from Variance (By definition) Mean yr 2 LE (K-X)138 Now ~- Lf(X-155.33)' 7 120 g? = 41716.6680 120 Variance (Direct Method) n n For ungroup data For group data 7 E(x} or () PROBLEM - 17 160-169 170-179 180-189 190-199 200 ~209 SOLUTION Variance (Direct Method) "ar - ey af”HAP 4: Measures of Dispers; cl 139 Classes f [x > >= x 1x? iH 110-119 2 nas | >.--~——— i] 90-129 229 2620.5 | 120- 4 124.5 498.0 6201.00 130-139 17} 134.5 2286.5 | 30753425 i! 140-149 28 144.5 4046.0 584647.00 150-159 25 154.5 3862.5, 596756.25 160-169 18 164.5 2961.0 | 487084.50 | 170-179 13 174.5 2268.5 | 395853.25 | 180-189 6 184.5 1107.0 | 204241.50 i] 190-199 5 194.5 972.5 189151.25 | 200-209 2 204.5 409.0 83640.50 Hi | | z 120 . 18640 2937130 ge= 2937130 _ sae) 120 120 S* = 24476,0833 - 241284444 => Variance (Short-cut Method) 2 g- LD? _ (xp For ungroup data n n I 2 eZ (ZED) porgroup aaa ar ye Where D=X-A A40 Business Statistics & Mathematics for B.Com Pang 1 . PROBLEM - 18 Calculate Variance (Shortcut Method) or (Deviation Method) from the following dag Classes | Frequency | Classes | Frequency 110-119 2 160 - 169 18 120-129 4 170-179 13 130 ~ 139 17 180 - 189 6 140 - 149 28 190 ~199 5 150-159 25 200 - 209 SOLUTION Classes f x D=X-144.5 {> fp" Mo-119 | 2 | a45 -30 ~60 1800 120-129 | 4 | 245 ~20 -80 1600 130-139 | 17 | 134.5 -10 ~170 | 1700 140-149 | 28 | y4q5 0 0 0 150-159 | 25 | 1545 10 250 2500 160-169 | 18 | 164.5 20 360 7200 170-179 | 13 | 1745 30 390 | 11700 180-189 | 6 | ig45 40 240 9600 190-199 | 5 | 1o45 50 250 | 12500 200-209 | 2 | 2045 60 120 7200 5% Ro} - - 1300 | 55800 Variance (Shortcut Method) (Deviation Method) 2 2 ga 2 f£D' _ > fD af xf g? = 55800 (1399)? 120 120 > S' = 465 ~ 117.36HAP 4; Measures of Dispersion variance (Step-Deviation Method) A goh? - (2y " For ungroup data i vad ee - (5]] For group data | | X-A i Yar I] | wee F | | pROBLEM - 19 | Calculate Variance by Codi va 1 flowing data: y ng Method (Step — deviation Method) from the i| Classes | Frequency | Classes Frequency i} | 110-119 2 160-169] 18 Hi | 120 ~ 129 4 170-179] 13 Hi 130 ~ 139 17 180-189] 6 140-149 28 190-199] 5 150-159 25 | 200-209] 2 SOLUTION X-144.5 2 =o fu | ft’ Classes | f x v0 a oi to-1i9 [2 | 145 ; ua | 16 120-129 | 4 124.5 7 -17| 17 130-139 | 17 | 1345 ; o | 0 140-149 | 28 | 144.5 ; ys | 25 130-159 | 25 | 154.5 5 36 ue | 160-169 | 18 164.5 p 39 | 170-179 | 43 | 1745 4 180-189 | 6 | 1845 : 190~ 199 5 194.5 6 200-209 | 2 | 2045 z+ | 120 aBusiness Statistics & Mathematics for g 142 Variance (Step ~ Deviation Method) {ze (Ze) yf i >, [558 _ (130° s? = (10)? x of - (3) $? = 100 x (4.65 ~ 1.1736) = 347.64 e Properties of “Variance” © FA \o Some of the mathematical properties of the “Variance” are . Variance of a constant is always zero i.e. Q. Var (a) = 0 * Varianceis unaffected by change of origin i.e. Var (X + a) = Var (X) . Varianceis affected by change of scale i.e. Var (aX) = a” Var.(X) var) = Var(X) a IfX and Y are independent variables then Q: Var(X + Y) = Var(X) + Var(Y) "TEX, X1,Xs,.5 be thearithmetic means of k distributions with standard aviation St, So, Ss, .. . Si respective standard deviations then combined variance is Yn, Si + (X, ~ xy REE] Q6For a set of information cal : 1 a culate the Variance, 2(X-X) = 54, n=5 @ Gi) ; zy (ii) ~Xf(X-X)"= 4346.80, x¢= 199 > : : if Q.2. Find the variance for the following information: () 0 =5,2X=30,x?=234 : i Gi) n= 15, 2X =480, Ex? = 15735 | (ii) EfF= 120, DEX = 396, EEX? = 1494 Q.3 Fora set of information calculate the variance. @ n=5,2D=34, 2D? = 528, A=110 i (i) L£= 40, ZAD = 3, SAD? = 117, A= 17.95 Ef(X-X)'=2350, ze= 50 (ii) | Ef= 100, EfU =~ 17, EAU? = 235, U= (iv) Df=125, SAU =— 45, DAU? = 306, U= 4 Calculate the variance from the following data: | 65, 68, 60, 76, 65, 74, 58, 56, 61, 57 QS Calculate Variance for the following frequency distribution. Group | Frequency | Group Frequency 1] 15.3-15.4 4 15.6-15.7 12 15.4-15.5 7 15.7- 158 15.5-15.6 19 15.8- 15.9 inte ete thod (devia! Q ® The heights of 100 college students meas following table. Find Variance by shortcut me Height 63 No. of Students | 4