10 INTRODUCTION A chur is @ structural component derighed Yo vesic! \ongiluchnal compression = Stats provide outwards fating Support Wh their engthwice divection WHICH con be used Yo Keep two olier Componen's separate , pevfovening — the oppesite function of a Me. When the Cross Section area as v0 Verge Corngaved Ao The Verglh ie. the tember is slender , ard ahen She mentber wi generally foil by bucking wel Volore She compressive yea chergth is veached They are Commonly Used In ovchitectuke Ord engineering , ard dhe Aetm 1s pavticulannly Aequently applied 40 Components of automobile chassis, where Shey Gan be passive braces % Yinfoe The chassis and I or body, OF Acive tomponents Of the SUspersion . An iden\ Column is one which is petealy Sraight homogensur rand free from inital Strege , The monmum load, Sometimes canted she CrWical toad, Cawes the column fo be a crate Of unstaro equilibrium , Shay rg, ony increase in the loads or Yhe WNodychicn Of the labeval Bree will cauce the column Yo fail by buckling » The Exley formula for column is Yer = PEL] CL) The tates below velate 49 uwihom stvaight mortbors made from horregehous engineering reolevial used within the elastic — Syeverting vonge *W is aysarned ates he 2nd leo \¢ apphed along he cethwoid Of the nag 9-0 OBIECIWE This \abovatery dest ig conductea tp dekaming the critical bulking load Cry of alebinum shut -10 INTRODUCTION A givuh (6 @ structural Component derighed 40 resis! Jongitudinat cempression - Stats provide outwards - faring suppor IM their Nengthw ice direction , Which can be used to Keep wo other Components separate , Perforrning he opposite function of a te When the Cross fection area is ny \Wvge comnpored 26 the Vergh i.e. the member ic slender , ard aber “he renlocr WIN generally fail Loy buckling well bebre The eomnpredsine yield chengih \s reached - They ae Comrnonly ued in achiteciuve Ord engineering ard the term 1s. particularly Frequently applied 40 component of ovtomobile chassis, where they Con be passive bvaces 40 Wentorce the chassis and | or body, OF Acive tomponents OF the Suspension . An tdeal Column is one which As portecdly Straight homogeneur vond free fram inthal Strege The ranmum \oad, Sometimes caied ane critical toad , cawses the column Yo be ma crate Of unstoldo Caniiilorium , Ahay is ¢ ony incvoose in the londs or Yne Whoduction Of the Ieheval force will cause the column Jo fail by buckling» The Esler formula for colvmn 1s Ver = FEL] CU) The thes bllow velake 48 Uniform straight terbars made from boregehous engineering reatevia\ ued within he elastic —Speverting range -\ is gusurned ated he end Wood We applied along he cetttuid of the ends 9-0 OBIECIVE This \aboratory fest is conducted +p detamine the critical bulking fond CR) of alevinurn shut3-0 APPARATUS sBexkting of Shut equipment + Rin end#0 PRocepure Vs Switch on the digdal indicator 2. The speamen ig choren and its length \W meagured he specimen Chosen 1S 320mm , 420m and UFO mm J Then, the width and Aicknece ic theasuved which is damm foy wldth amd — 20mm for Ahicknese- A Net, Yhe platter ure ved edad for pinned ended SUppot condition 5 Loose up al Yhe bolt and dhe head iv moved +0 pub the Gomple- The digit) reading indicator a) fo Zerg. 6- Poplied Wescure wy rotating the bold al clove Me seol Strat 4 The whue of Me Aheoveticat Wukling load for a givuy Wit, prnzd end Condthon « yetwovded 5. Re he nut ond Wolk lesen 4p and the steel ctrup ie Yeplaced wrth onothev length %- Repot the step 4 until G for steel tength 420 mm and {70 mm.50 Resuts AND CALCULATION 5.1 ResutT — Sat Pinned —Punned GN) | Pinned Fixed On? Fined -Fxedn) | | EaeinnsS bse Lengthy | Caboratoy | Trerelical | Laboratory [ Theoretical | Laboratory | Theore Heal 370 ~as | @6l\eo2 | -73 | 132:3205] —1g0 | 2oy-6u04 420 -26 Sigusy | ~6% [nro lp | 205-3816 Yto | -21 y0020) -54 ] 820084 | - FF |leY-0074 Toole | 5.2 CALCULATION Ls bd’/ 12 5 b= 2mm 3 Om 4» de 2mm 0-002 m = (o2)(000)* 12 = 1-33 x10" om 6. 64 GNM > 64x10" Pinned - Pinned Per = ELI Q@L = 340 mm +1000 = 0-37 m Pow 2 264x108) (1-33x10") (0-34)? = G6 I602Gi) Le YO mm = 1000 « o-42 mM Yr = 32 C 64nd) C 133010") Cowl)? = Bl 3us4 N Gi) L = YT mm [1000 = OUT m Co-ua)> = 4)-0020N Pinned ~Fixed_ Py = WEL IL Ci) L = 370 mm / 1000 =023m C0-332>)2 = 32-3205 N (i) Le = 420 mm / 1000 = 0-42 Pues DU* C 64x10") (1-32y\6") (04a? = 102-6409 NCin) L = YAO mm / 1000 = 0.4m B= ot? ( GAx10") (1-33 x10") (0-44) = $2-0034-N fixed - fixed Poe = ter 1 LC G) L= 370mm /}000 =0-37 m Mors ne C64 10") (1-33 x10" (0:34)> = 2ey- 6409N (i) L= 420 mm / [000 = 0-42 m Por 2 ( 6axi0") (133x102 Co-yay* = 205° 3816 Git) L = y40 mm 7 1000 =O-YFm Pars yn2( 64m10") 33x10") (0-43)* = (oy 00 TAN60 Discussion From Abe Sable \ shows in verults and colqulotion , the laboratory Yesurs were ditforent Crom Aheorical vesults - The * bitferen ces Ocawed because OC Ywary factor - One of the factor is different Support Yeachons effects» LY Ae give shown above sAhe bending of he Nood oce4¥ed because different type of Support The conditions ot the support influence the buckling of a ratertal Buckling due fo Compression can be obsevuet by cotapaw ing iF 40 The sin carve elongations “The slut Hevds Yo buade mr he centre of ils length = By Yodeing A Ane data ooliecked 1M @ Ahe laboratory Act, he Presvehical data is liq hier Han ne exyeviment - This Cin be due fo Kae maeyal trmpertaction Gut also dae yo Khe di Hevent support veactions Yhal con create diftevend Aisplocement of Ane sat By velaring te table 1, rhe mre Jeri of abe drut , the lower Dude\iwg 104d value goth lapovatory and Ahodical Grows re same patzern of diffevences ° Howevoy , compared 7° he type of Supgord SUpROM ype Whyed Ao fixed cows Ing ‘bucking toad Based on the Evior louckling cwve , al ol Ane chut ql pinned 40 pie was Classified A sechon B which is inlameget Column So, Ts Clawybied as alii ‘adeling While tor pin fo fv and FX 40 fix, all Ye covdlthons Keeulted 4p ction ¢ at long Column oF Jong 9 elashe wuckling ~70 CONCLUSION From the youull clbtamed , we corclude Anat the experiments Consiss of small vanation enor which caured by few factors In order to deterring an accuancy of kucleling lead , cave handling shold be oven duving adjushment of the ccrew handles Other hom thet , Worm three type of fuppoHt , the ved Aled were euch shonger thon pinned end amd pimed - fived . A sudden failure can occur 40. shuctural tember shat is subjected to high cornpressive Stresses Wis mode failure if aleo descvivd as failue Ate to elastic inclability + Matheraics) aralysis 61 Theovical Of teuckling maker te of an ecceicity Fla imivelures c moment WHeh caer not form part of “he Primary fore fo which the member TM Subjocled: Ac the Citi cel Walking loca C Rey) weve determined thie &yperiment achieve it 4 objective