Japanese 101
Japanese 101
Japanese 101
JPN101
Yoko Sato
ii
Read this first
iii
What do we have here?
24 Lesson slide sets and mp4 files Supplemental material and
worksheets (PDF/Word)
These are put together for
This includes
• Students to preview before class and
grasp concepts for the upcoming class. • Hiragana and Katakana charts
• Teachers to use during the class. • Notes about Hiragana and Katakana
Teachers can modify however they writing
want them to be modified. • Practice words for Hiragana and
Katakana spelling
They are not for • Picture pages for reviewing words and
• Self-study without teachers. phrases
• List of particles and interrogatives
They include • Verb and adjective conjugation charts
• simple grammar explanation • In class activity sample
• simple dialogues
• basic vocabulary and phrases
• simple activities to check learning
• some cultural notes
Source document (PowerPoint 2016) is available Source document (Word 365) is available but
but opening it in browser or not having the exact opening it in browser or not having the exact Word
PowerPoint version and font (UD Digi Kyokasho) version and font (UD Digi Kyokasho) will cause the
format to change.
might cause the format to change.
iv
Lesson topics (24 slide sets)
1. About names 13. Basic verbs
2. Japanese writing systems 14. Words of frequency
3. How to write Kana and Kanji 15. More verb sentences
4. Greeting 16. Time and commute
5. Classroom manners 17. More interrogatives
6. Self introduction 18. Putting together sentences
7. Weather talk 19. Adjectives and
8. Name card exchange この・その・あの・どの
9. Classroom Japanese 20. More self introduction
10. Japanese food 21. Past tense sentences
11. Numbers 22. Describing existence
12. When 23. Shall we?
24. I want
v
Color coding of the lesson slides
Gray box is grammar Blue letters are translation in English.
explanation.
<What is in this bracket is literal translation.>
Yellow box contains (What is in this parenthesis is OK to omit)
extra things that are
good to know.
vii
An example of how they are used
JPN101 at Mt. Hood Community College
5 credit hour course – total of approximately 45 hours of
class time (twice a week for 10 weeks)
9
Lesson sets 13-24 of 24
10
1. About names
1) How do we call each other?
2) Asking for someone’s name
1-11
1) How do we call each other?
When Japanese people meet (Name)-san
someone adult for the first time, Mr./Mrs./Miss./Ms. (Name)
they call them with (Name)-san.
1-12
2) Asking for someone’s name
Oosawa: Onamae wa? Oosawa: Your name?
Imori: Imori desu. Imori: I am Imori.
Oosawa: I am Oosawa. Nice to meet you.
Oosawa: Oosawa desu. Imori: Nice to meet you.
Hajimemashite.
Honorific prefix “o” is used with “namae” to
Imori: Hajimemashite.
show respect in the dialogue. It is used only
when you are asking someone’s name.
1-14
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
1-15
2. Japanese writing systems
There are four main types of writing systems
Japanese people use in Japan.
They are:
1) Roomaji
2) Kanji (Chinese characters)
3) Hiragana
4) Katakana
“Kana” (phonetic letters) refers to both Hiragana
and Katakana.
2-16
1) Roomaji
Roomaji or Roman letters (alphabets), are used to spell some words in Japan for their
visual impact as well as to aid foreigners who cannot read Hiragana, Katakana and/or
Kanji. Roomaji will be used in Japanese language class until the students are able to
read at least Hiragana.
Reading Roomaji might be tricky sometimes. Below are basic rules. But remember,
using Roomaji is just temporary. You will start using Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji soon.
NHK Hiragana chart with sound files.
https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/
Pronunciation of Here are some tricky Long sound can Try reading
the vowels. sounds. be spelled with: the words
below.
a like blah tsu like tsunami aa or ā
i like gee hu like hoop ii or ī hai
u like glue “r” in “ra ri ru re ro” uu or ū hi
e like episode is produced ee or ē iie
o like oh somewhat similar to oo or ō ie
“d.”
2-17
2) Kanji
There are thousands of Kanji that came from China with the import of
Buddhism. Most of them are ideographs, pictographs and phonetic-
ideographic characters. Just like Chinese characters in China, each Kanji
represents at least a meaning. However, unlike Chinese characters in
Chinese language, most of Japanese Kanji has more than one way of
reading.
2-18
3) Hiragana
There are 46 letters that represent
46 sounds. Each letter is
completely phonetic and
represents just a sound. Each
letter is developed from
simplifying a whole Kanji (Chinese
characters) .
Example of Hiragana being
developed from Kanji
礼 ⇒ れ
2-19
4) Katakana
There are 46 letters that represent 46
sounds. Each letter is completely
phonetic and represents just a sound.
Each letter is developed from a part of
Kanji.
Each Katakana letter has a
corresponding Hiragana letter. They
are used to spell words from Western
countries such as computer, coffee
and McDonald’s. They are also often
used for writing onomatopoeia.
Example of Katakana being developed
from Kanji
礼 ⇒ レ
NHK Katakana chart with sound files
https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/katakana.html
2-20
Check if you can do this!
❑ List four writing forms commonly used by
Japanese people in Japan. Also explain the
differences between them.
2-21
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
NHK (Japan
Broadcasting Corporation). (2015). Easy Japanese 2015 [Web site].
Retrieved from
https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/
https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/syllabary/katakana.html#tab
2-22
3. How to write Kana and Kanji
There are two things you need to pay attention to
when learning the Japanese letters.
1) Types of strokes
2) Stroke orders
3-23
1) Types of strokes
Three types of strokes are used when writing
Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. They are tome (stop),
hane (hook) and harai (sweep).
Tome
Developing eyes to look
Hane for details on letters
while learning Hiragana
and Katakana will be
Harai very helpful when you
learn more difficult Kanji
later.
3-24
2) Stroke order - Kakijun
When you write these letters, basic rules are ①
writing from top to bottom and ② writing left to
right.
When you practice, write slowly paying attention to the type of strokes and stroke
order, as well as to other details. Never copy the stylized computer fonts when you
are first learning how to write letters. They confuse you what each letter really
should consist of.
UD Digi Kyokasho NK-R font below is much better font for beginners to copy rather
than MS Mincho font.
う な ふ り れ MS Mincho
3-25
Check if you can do this!
❑ Explain what the three types of strokes are.
❑ Explain the basic rules of the stroke order for
Kana and Kanji.
3-26
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
3-27
4. Greeting
1) Daily greetings
2) Other daily greetings and daily phrases
3) More daily phrases
4-28
1) Daily greetings
asa hiru yuugata yoru
morning afternoon evening night
a) c)
b) d)
4-30
2) Other greetings and daily phrases
Sumimasen.
Excuse me.
Ohisashiburi desune. Ogenki desuka.
Shibaraku desune. Ogenki desuka.
Long time no see. How have you been?
Ee. Okagesamade genkidesu.
Yes. Thanks to you, I am fine.
Shitsuree shimasu.
Excuse me.
Ja mata. Sayoonara.
See you again. Farewell.
Ki o tsukete.
Be careful.
Oyasumi nasai.
Good night.
Arigatoo gozaimashita.
Thank you for what you did.
4-31
3) More daily phrases
Itadakimasu. Gochisoo sama (deshita.)
Thank you for the Thank you for the meal.
meal. [I will gladly [It was a feast.]
receive it.]
Ittekimasu.
I will go [and
come back].
Doozo. Doomo arigatoo
Please go gozaimasu. Itterasshai.
ahead and Thank you very You go.
take it. much.
“Sumimasen.” can be
used for “thanks.” If you want to decline an offer
because it means politely, use “Iie. Kekkoo
“sorry for troubling desu.”
you and thank you.” No, thank you. <I am fine.>
4-32
Check if you can do this!
❑ What do you say in the situations below.
a) You are leaving the classroom before the teacher.
b) You and your friend are heading for different classrooms.
c) You just met your friend from 2 years ago.
d) You are staying at your Japanese host family’s house and
you are about to eat dinner with host.
e) You are staying at your Japanese host family’s house and
you just finished eating dinner with host.
f) You are giving a souvenir from USA to your host family in
Japan.
g) You are receiving a souvenir from Japan from your host
family.
h) You want to thank your partner at the end of your
Japanese class.
❑ Think up the reply to what you said above in each
situation.
4-33
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
4-34
5. Classroom manners
1) Yes and No: Hai and Iie, Iidesuka, Damedesuka,
Ikemasenka
5-35
1) Yes and No: Hai and Iie
Ii deska? Dame deska? Ikemasenka?
Ii desuka? “ka” at the end of the sentence indicates that
Is it OK? / Is it good? it is a question.
Hai, ii desu. “Hai” is used when you agree even for the
negative question.
Yes, it is.
Ikemasenka.
Iie, dame desu. Is it no good?
Iie, ikemasen. Hai, ikemasen.
No, it is no good. Yes, that is correct. No good.
Daijoobu desuka?
Are you OK? Is it OK?
Doo desuka?
How are you? How is it?
omoiyari meewaku
Iidesu! Damedesu. Ikemasen.
5-37
Check if you can do this!
❑ Iidesuka? Ikemasenka?
a) Putting legs and/or feet on chairs.
b) Sitting on desks.
c) Leaving chairs untucked.
d) Wearing pj in class.
e) Having cellphone out on the desk.
f) Asking teacher questions.
g) Eating food in class.
h) Drinking water in covered cup.
i) Chewing gums in class.
j) Wearing hat in class.
k) Taking notes in class.
l) Helping the students who missed the class.
5-38
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
5-39
6. Self introduction
1) First time introduction
2) Yes/No simple question
6-40
1) First time introduction
Hajimemashite. Hajimemashite.
Kawasaki desu. Murano desu.
Doozo Kochira koso
yoroshiku doozo
onegaishimasu. yoroshiku
Nice to meet onegaishimasu.
you. I am Nice to meet
Kawasaki. you, too. I am
Murano.
6-43
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
Kim, Tae. (2012, April 6). Learn Japanese from Scratch 2.1.3 - Addressing
People [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=13&v=QK7HCBqc_-c
6-44
7. Weather talk
1) Common weather phrases
2) More phrases for weather and climate
7-45
1) Common weather phrases
Soo desune.
Samuidesune. Yes, it is.
It is cold, isn’t it?
Soo desuka.
Is it? Do you think so?
Ii (o)tenki desune.
Good weather,
isn’t it?
Soo desune.
I agree with you.
Soo desuka. (with upward pitch)
Hidoi (o)tenki desune. Is it so? Do you think so?
Terrible weather, isn’t it? Soo desuka. (with downward pitch)
Atsui desune. I see.
It is hot, isn’t it?
Ame desune.
It is rainy, isn’t it?
7-46
Check if you can do this!
❑ Make a comment on the weather below.
a) b)
c) d)
7-47
Honda: Suzuki-san, ohayoo gozaimasu.
Suzuki: Aa Honda-san. Ohayoo gozaimasu.
Honda: Ii otenki desune.
Suzuki: Ee soo desune.
Honda: Good morning, Ms. Suzuki.
Suzuki: Oh, Mr. Honda. Good morning.
Honda: Nice weather, isn’t it?
Suzuki: Yes, it is.
Tanaka: Hayashi-san, konbanwa.
Hayashi: Aa Tanaka-san. Konbanwa.
Tanaka: Samui desune.
Hayashi: Soo desuka?
Tanaka: Good evening, Ms. Hayashi.
Hayashi: Oh, Mr. Tanaka. Good evening.
Tanaka: It is cold, isn’t it?
Hayashi: Is it?
7-48
Check if you can do this?
❑ Create the dialogues below in Japanese.
7-49
2) More phrases for weather and climate
atatakai
warm
hidoi kaze
terrible wind atsui
hot
kumori
cloudy
yuki
snow(y) suzushii
cool
samui
cold
ame
rain(y)
7-50
Check if you can do this!
❑ How do you greet/comment and/or respond?
a) You see your classmate in hallway in the sunny warm
afternoon.
b) You greet your teacher in a cold morning at school.
c) You greet your teacher in a windy evening.
d) It is in the middle of July and it is supposed to be hot.
But it is cloudy and cool.
7-51
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
7-52
8. Name card exchange
1) Giving and receiving
2) Nationalities and schools
8-53
1) Giving and receiving
Treat the name/business card with respect.
1. Don’t put it in your pocket
Yoroshiku immediately, especially in your pocket
onegaishimasu. on your rear end.
Please (let the 2. Don’t write anything on the received
relationship card unless you have a permission from
grow). the giver.
3. Ask a question or make a comment to
meeshi show that you are interested in the
name card giver.
Hands on the
Manners for giving and receiving: side.
1. Giving and receiving should be Heels together.
done with both hands if possible. Head and back
2. If the item has direction, turn it in in one line.
the way that the receiver can see How about
it in the correct way without bowing order
turning it around. and length?
8-54
Hajimemashite. MHCC no
Harada desu. Meeshi desu.
Doozo yoroshiku Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.
onegaishimasu. Ryoojikan no Masuda desu.
Doomo arigatoo
gozaimasu. Sensee desuka?
To introduce yourself to
anyone outside of your
Kochirakoso group, you start with the
doozo yoroshiku name of the group you
onegaishimasu. belong to just as in “MHCC
no Harada desu.” Particle
ryoojikan “no” here is similar to “of”
consulate in English.
8-55
2) Nationalities
Mekishiko Doitsu A: Amerika no kata desuka.
Mexico Germany B: Iie, Amerikajin ja arimasen. Igirisujin desu.
Betonamu Igirisu A: Soo desuka.
Vietnam England A: Are you American <person from America>?
Kankoku Firipin B: No, I am not. I am British.
Korea Philippines A: I see.
Chuugoku Tai
China Thailand A: Nihon no kata desuka.
Ukuraina Kanada B: Eeto. Amerikajin to Nihonjin no haafu desu.
Ukraine Canada A: Soo desuka.
Roshia Furansu A: Are you Japanese?
Russia France B: Well. I am half Japanese and half American.
A: I see.
Amerikajin to Nihonjin
no haafu Adding “jin” after the country name in Japanese makes
Particle “to” is “and” it a citizen of the country. However, using “no kata”
and connect nouns. after the country name is more appropriate and polite
Particle “no” is like “of” when talking about someone other than yourself
in English. and/or people in your group.
8-56
and schools
gakkoo gakusee
school student
daigaku daigakusee
college college student
kookoo kookoosee
high school high school student
8-59
9. Classroom Japanese
1) Classroom instruction
2) Frequently used phrases by students
3) How do you say this in Japanese?
9-60
1) Classroom instructions
Mitekudasai. Hanashitekudasai.
Look, please. Talk, please.
Yondekudasai.
Ittekudasai.
Read it, please.
Kiitekudasai. Say it, please.
Listen, please.
Suwattekudasai. Kaitekudasai.
Sit down, please. Write it,
please.
Tattekuda Shukudai o
sai. dashitekudasai.
Stand up, Hajimemashoo. Let’s begin. Submit homework,
Owarimashoo. Let’s end.
please. please.
Tsuzukete kudasai. Please continue.
9-61
Check if you can do this!
❑ Act as you are instructed by the instructor.
9-62
2) Frequently used phrases by students
Wakarimasen. Wakarimashita.
I don’t understand. I got it!
I don’t know.
Wasuremashita.
I forgot.
Onegaishimasu.
Please.
Shitsumon ga
arimasu. The words below can be added to some
I have a question. phrases such as “onegaishimasu.”
9-63
3) How do you say this in Japanese?
Q: “Eraser” wa nihongo de nan desu ka?
What is “eraser” in Japanese? nan
what
A: “Keshigomu” desu.
It is “keshigomu.”
“Enpitsu” to iimasu.
It is called “enpitsu.”
enpitsu
Eego kore
pencil
English language this thing by me
9-64
Nihongo de nan desuka?
gakusee sensee kokuban
student teacher blackboard
kaban huutoo
bag envelope
kami
paper
kyooshitsu
classroom
tsukue
isu desk nooto
chair notebook
9-65
Nihongo de nan to iimasuka?
denki tenjoo mado hocchikisu kurippu
electric light ceiling window stapler teepu
clip
tape
kaaten
curtain
terebi
tv
kabe maakaa
wall marker
hasami
pen nooto scissors
teeburu yuka
pen notebook
table floor
9-66
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask about the names of items in Japanese. Use the model below.
A: Sumimasen. wa Nihongo de nan desuka.
B: Eeto, desu. Speech fillers such as
A: Soodesuka. Arigatoo gozaimasu. “eeto,” “anoo,” and
B: Iie, doo itashimashite. “soo desunee,” will
A: Excuse me. What is in Japanese? make the conversation
B: Let me think. It is . less awkward.
A: I see. Thank you.
B: No. Don’t mention it. Another technique is to
repeat the question
itself or just the noun
used in the question
while thinking about
how to answer the
❑ Think with your partner which words in question.
the previous slides are spelled with
katakana rather than hiragana.
9-67
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
9-68
10. Japanese food
1) Kore, sore, are, dore
2) Nihon ryoori - Japanese cuisine
3) Tabemono and nomimono – Food and drink
10-69
1). Kore, sore, are, dore
kore A: Sore wa nan deska?
this one I have
sore B: E? Dore deska?
that one by you
are
A: Sore des.
that one over there B: Aa, kore deska? Kore wa kinoko des.
dore Doozo.
which one
Middle
sashimi
sushi
sukiyaki
okonomiyaki
Right
katsudon
gyuudon
tenpura
teeshoku
10-71
Here are some adjectives that are
useful when talking about food.
Althouth
oishii amai "like" and
delicious sweet "dislike“ are
mazui suki verbs in
tastes bad like English, they
karai kirai are adjectives
spicy dislike in Japanese.
A: Are wa nan desuka.
B: Are wa gyooza desu. Adding “ryoori” after the country name makes it a
cuisine of that country. But Chinese cuisine is
A: Nihon ryoori desuka. “chuuka ryoori” rather than “chuugoku ryoori.”
B: Eeto. Chigaimas.
A: What is that over there?
Gyooza wa Nihon ryoori ja arimasen. B: That is gyooza.
A: Is it Japanese food?
Chuuka ryoori desu.
B: Well. It is not. Gyooza is not a
A: Soo desuka! Oishii desuka. Japanese food. It is a Chinese food.
B: Hai, oishii desu. Suki desu. A: Really! Does it taste good?
B: Yes, it is delicious. I like it.
10-72
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask what each cuisine is and ask another related question.
Example: a) b)
banana meron
niku
meat
momo mikan
kudamono
fruit
10-74
and Nomimono - Drink
The word “osake” or
“sake” in Japan can
indicate all kinds of
alcohol drinks.
“Japanese sake”
made of rice is called
“nihonshu” in Japan.
The word
“ocha”
can be
used to
mean any
koocha kind of
tea, too.
retasu
ramune jagaimo
10-77
11. Numbers
1) Numbers 1 through 100
2) Phone number
3) Floors
4) How much
11-78
1) Numbers 1 though 100
11-79
2) Phone number
Hayashi: Suzuki-san no denwabangoo wa (nanban desuka)?
(What number is your) phone number, Mr. Suzuki?
Suzuki: 503-491-6422 desu.
nanban
“503” can be read “go zero san” or what number
“go ree san” or maybe “go maru san.”
“maru” means “circle” or “round.”
“ – “ in the phone numbers is read in
Japanese as “no.” So, “503-491-6422”
is read “go zero san no yon kyuu ichi
no roku yon ni ni.”
11-81
Check if you can do this!
❑ See if you can write down the phone numbers for
the people below that your instructor says.
• Kawamura
• Tanaka
• Suzuki
Yukkuri onegaishimasu.
Slowly, please.
11-82
3) Floors and counters
When counting different items in Japanese, different counters are used.
“Kai” is one of them and is used for counting floor. More will be
introduced later.
bunboogu
huku
1) Get attention.
2) Ask which floor the
items are on.
3) Give thanks.
11-85
4) How much
Japanese number 100-900 Japanese number 1,000-9,000
100 hyaku 1,000 sen
200 nihyaku 2,000 nisen
234 nihyaku sanjuu yon 2,792 nisen nanahyaku kyuujuu ni
300 sanbyaku 3,000 sanzen
400 yonhyaku 4,000 yonsen
Japanese has an unit
500 gohyaku 5,000 gosen of “10,000” or
600 roppyaku 6,000 rokusen “ichiman.” The
number 98,765 will be
700 nanahyaku 7,000 nanasen
read “kyuuman
800 happyaku 8,000 hassen hassen nanahyaku
900 kyuuhyaku 9,000 kyuusen rokujuu go.”
11-86
Kyaku: Aisukuriimu wa arimasuka? Customer: Do you have ice cream?
Waiter: Yes, we have pistachio and
Weitaa: Hai. Aamondo to pistachio almond.
ga arimasu. Customer: Umm. Well then pistachio,
please.
Kyaku: Eetoo. Jaa pistachio o kudasai. Waiter: Thank you.
Particle “to” is
Weitaa: Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.
like English
“and” but it
can only
connect nouns.
“Ja” or “jaa”
roughly
translates to
“well then.”
Instead of
“kudasai” which
translates “give
me, please,”
“onegaishimasu”
can be used,
too.
11-87
Japanese unit of currency is ¥800 ¥550 / ¥ 570
¥600
“yen.” However, “y” is not
pronounced.
The symbol “¥” is used always
before the price. But when the
price is read, “en” comes after
the number. For example, ¥650
“¥100” is read “hyaku-en.”
¥1020
Kyaku: Aisukuriimu wa
ikura desuka?
Weitaa: 650-en desu.
Kyaku: Soo desuka.
Weitaa: Onomimono wa ¥830 ¥600
¥870
ikaga desuka.
Kyaku: Iie kekkoo desu. “Doo desuka”
Ikura ikaga can be used
Customer: How much is an ice cream? how much how about instead of
Waiter: It is 650-en.
Customer: I see. “ikaga
Waiter: Would you like some drink?
doo
how about desuka” for
Customer: No thanks.
less polite
takai expensive yasui inexpensive sentence.
11-88
Check if you can do this!
❑ Play customer and wait staff in Japanese. Order something to eat or drink.
Picture below has only a few items shown for each type of cuisine. You can
make up the price as well as the menu items that are appropriate. For price,
think $1 is about ¥100.
• Get attention.
• Ask if a certain type of
cuisine is available. (Do you
have Chinese cuisine?)
• Order what you want.
• If you are wait staff, ask if
the customer wants
something to drink.
• Ask for price.
• You can do more!
“Sumimasenga chotto” is a
phrase often used by
Japanese people when they
zenbu de in all urikire sold out mean “no” softly.
11-89
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
11-90
12. When
1) Time
2) Day of the week
3) Month
12-91
1) Time
Q: Nanji desuka? What time is it? 12:00 juuniji / reeji (if 12am)
A: Ichiji desu. It is 1:00. 1:00 ichiji
2:00 niji
3:00 sanji
4:00 yoji nanji
5:00 goji what time
6:00 rokuji
7:00 shichiji
8:00 hachiji
9:00 kuji
10:00 juuji
11:00 juuichiji
12:00 juuniji
e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l)
12-93
Ima nanji desuka?
Review the country names. And ask what time it is
now in each country.
A: Nihon wa ima nanji desuka.
Mekishiko Doitsu
B: Ima 5ji desu.
Mexico Germany
A: Asa no 5ji desuka. Betonamu Igirisu
B: Hai soo desu. Gozen 5ji desu. Vietnam England
Kankoku Firipin
A: What time is it in Japan now? Korea Philippines
B: It is 5 o’clock now. Chuugoku Tai
A: Is it 5 in the morning? China Thailand
B: Yes, it is. It is 5 am. Ukuraina Kanada
Ukraine Canada
Roshia Furansu
Russia France
12-94
A: Ima nanji desuka.
B: 10ji desuyo.
A: E! Nihongo no kurasu ga arimasu!
B: Nihongo no kurasu wa nanji desuka.
A: 10 ji desu.
B: Hontoo desuka! Isoide!
12-97
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask and answer about the questions below. Also
ask and answer related questions.
a) what time it is now.
b) what time it is now in Japan.
c) what time a certain activity/class/event starts.
12-98
2) Day of the week
getsuyoobi Monday Q: Kyoo wa nanyoobi desuka?
kayoobi Tuesday Q: What day of the week is it today?
A: (Kyoo wa) mokuyoobi desu.
suiyoobi Wednesday
A: It is Thursday.
mokuyoobi Thursday kyoo today
kinyoobi Friday ashita tomorrow
asatte day after tomorrow
doyoobi Saturday
nichiyoobi Sunday konshuu this week
raishuu next week
shuumatsu weekend
heejitsu weekday
nanyoobi konshuu no suiyoobi
what day Wednesday this week
konshuu no shuumatsu
this weekend
12-99
3) Month
ichigatsu January Q: Kongetsu wa nangatsu desuka?
nigatsu February Q: What month is this month?
A: Ima 10 gatsu desu.
sangatsu March A: It is October right now.
shigatsu April
gogatsu May kongetsu this month
rokugatsu June raigetsu next month
shichigatsu July
hachigatsu August nangatsu
kugatsu September what month
juugatsu October
juuichigatsu November
juunigatsu December Q: Nangatsu umare desuka.
Q: Which month were you born?
Day of the month in Japanese will A: 1 gatsu umare desu.
be introduced a little later. A: I was born in January.
12-100
Check if you can do this!
❑ Say all days of the week in Japanese starting with Monday.
❑ Say all months in Japanese starting with January.
❑ Ask and answer what month it is now.
❑ Say which month you were born.
❑ Ask which month your classmate was born.
❑ Ask which months the following events happen in USA.
a) Halloween
b) Easter
c) Thanksgiving
d) Memorial Day
❑ Ask and answer what day of the week it is today.
❑ Ask on which day of the week the following event you have.
a) Japanese class
b) party
c) part-time job
12-101
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
12-102
13. Basic verbs
1) Verbs without objects
2) Verbs with objects
3) Negative form of verbs
4) Verbs with destinations: ikimasu, kimasu,
kaerimasu
5) Other verbs
13-103
1) Verbs without objects: okimasu,
nemasu
“Masu” at the end of a verb phrase indicates basic
politeness level. Just like “desu” which is used with
adjectives and nouns to show basic politeness.
“Masu” form of verbs can be used to describe
okimasu something you are going to do in the future or
to get up something you do regularly or habitually.
Ashita 7ji ni okimasu.
I will get up at 7. (future)
Heejitsu wa 7ji ni okimasu.
I get up at 7 on week days. (habitual)
Though the word order of the Japanese language is
very flexible as long as you have the proper particle
nemasu following the word, verb always stays at the end of
to go to bed the sentence.
nemui
sleepy
13-104
A: Nanji ni okimasuka? Particle “ni”
B: Watashi desuka? Eeto, daitai 9ji ni okimasu. marks the non-relative times
A: Hontoo desuka? Osoi desune! such as time, day of the week,
month, dates, etc.
B: Soo desuka?
e) f) g) h)
e) f) g) h)
13-107
(Watashi wa) sarada o tabemasu. Particle “wa” Particle “o”
I eat salad. marks general topic marks the direct
(Watashi wa) yasai ga sukidesu. of the sentence. object of the verb.
I like vegetables.
“Benkyoo shimasu” and “benkyoo o
mizu water
shimasu” mean the same. They translate “I
rajio radio
study” and “I do study” respectively. If you
ongaku music
add another object in addition to “benkyoo,”
kurashikku classical
however, you
Trywill need
saying to omit the
a sentence particle
with an
hanashi a story
“o” between “benkyoo” and “shimasu.”
object for each picture on the
terebi tv
“Nihongo oprevious
benkyooslide.
shimasu” is a correct
hon book
sentence but not “nihongo o benyoo o
shigoto work
shimasu”. You can, however, use “nihongo
arubaito part-time job
no benkyo” as a noun phrase object to make
shukudai homework
“nihongo no benkyoo o shimasu.”
supootsu sport
tegami letter
nyuusu news Try making a sentence with an object to go
furansugo French language with the verb for each picture on previous
suugaku math slide.
13-108
3) Negative form of verbs
A: Asagohan o tabemasuka? Questions with verbs like
B: Hai, tabemas. this need to be answered
by repeating the verb, not
A: Soo desuka. Watashi mo desu. by saying “hai, soo desu.”
A: Do you eat breakfast?
B: Yes, I do.
A: I see. Me, too.
13-109
4) Verbs with destinations: ikimasu,
kimasu, kaerimasu
ikimasu to go (away from where you are)
kimasu to come (toward where you are)
kaerimasu to return
13-110
Words for places
a) yuubinkyoku
a) b) c) d) post office
b) kooban
police box
c) byooin
hospital
d) eegakan
movie theater
e) ginkoo
e) f) g) h) bank
f) suupaa
super market
g) konbini
convenience
store
h) uchi / ie
i) j) k) l) m) home/house
i) eki
train station
j) kissaten
coffee shop
k) (o)mise
store
A: Doko ni ikimasuka? l) basutee
A: Where are you going? doko bus stop
m) toire / otearai
B: Konbini ni ikimasu. where restroom
B: I am going to a convenience store.
13-111
Kooban
Sumimasen. Kooban, often translated in English
Yuubinkyoku wa doko desuka? as “police box,” is a small
Excuse me. Where is the post office? neighborhood building with one or
more police officers. Their tasks
include responding to emergencies
A asoko desuyo.
and crimes, giving directions of
Oh, it is over there.
local addresses, taking care of lost
and found.
koko here
soko there by you, where you are
talking about
asoko over there
doko where
13-112
Konbini
Japanese convenience stores are very popular not only among people who visit
to Japan but also among native Japanese people.
FamilyMart, 7-Eleven, Lawson and Circle K are very common in Japan. But the
ones in Japan do a lot more than just provide food and beverages.
• Well stocked food and beverage – Good food including local specialty
food. Often store clerk will warm up the boxed lunch for the customer.
• Neighborhood map at the counter – If no kooban is around, go in a
konbini.
• ATM What is inside a Japanese
• Tickets for concerts, etc. convenience store?
• Shipping/mailing
• Photocopy
• 24 hours open everyday
• Some konbini have eating area and Free WIFI.
13-113
5) Other verbs
Verbs “aimasu”,
Tomodachi to aimasu. “hanashimasu”, “denwa
I am going to meet with my friend. (o) shimasu” often go with
Tomodachi ni aimasu. the word that describes
I am going to see my friend. “who”. With that, a
particle that means “with”
or “to” is needed.
Tomodachi to hanashimasu. Verb “shaberimasu” is
I am going to talk with my friend. similar to “hanashimasu”
Tomodachi ni hanashimasu. except that it is used
I am going to talk to my friend. mainly in spoken Japanese
because of its casualness.
13-114
Words for people and animals
otoko no ko
boy <male child>
onna no ko
girl <female child>
otoko no hito
man <male person>
onna no hito
woman <female person>
a) eat lunch
b) work
c) drink coffee
d) go to library
e) eat dinner
f) watch TV
g) read books
h) do exercise
i) go to karaoke
j) part time job
k) other
13-117
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
13-118
14. Words for frequency
1) Words for frequency
14-119
1) Words for frequency
mainichi
everyday
maiasa
every morning
maiban
every night
yoku
often
tokidoki
sometimes
amari
(use with negative ending)
not much
ichinichi juu zenzen
all day long (use with negative ending)
itsumo not at all
always
14-120
A: Yoku sanpo o shimaska? A: Do you take a walk often?
B: Hai yoku shimas. Mainichi shimas. B: Yes, I do often. I do everyday.
A: Hontoo deska? Ii desne. A: Really? That is nice.
B: Hai. B: Yes.
14-123
15. More verb sentences
1) What are you going to do?
2) What kind?
3) Which one (of the two) do you like?
4) Which one (of the three) do you like?
15-124
1) What are you going to do?
はらだ: きしださんは、こんしゅうの しゅうまつ なにを しますか。
きしだ: ともだちと geemuを します。 はらださんは。
はらだ: わたしは すうがくの べんきょうを します。
きしだ: はらださんは いつも まじめですね。
はらだ: げつようびに すうがくの tesutoが ありますから。
きしだ: そうですか。 たいへんですね。
Harada: What are you going to do this weekend, Mr. Kishida?
Kishida: I am going to play a game with my friends. And you,
Ms. Harada? Review
Harada: I am going to study for math. なに 12-99 and
Kishida: You are always diligent. what practice
Harada: There is a math test on Monday. (That is why.) this dialog.
Kishida: I see. That is tough.
Harada: Kishida-san wa konshuu no shuumatsu nani o shimasuka.
まじめ Kishida: Tomodachi to geemu o shimasu. Harada-san wa?
diligent, hard working Harada: Watashi wa suugaku no benkyoo o shimasu.
たいへん Kishida: Harada-san wa itsumo majime desune.
tough, difficult, trouble Harada: Getsuyoobi ni suugaku no tesuto ga arimasukara.
Kishida: Soo desuka. Taihen desune.
15-125
Check if you can do this!
❑ While looking at the calendar for this month, review the
words for
a) days of the week
b) this week, next week
c) today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
d) weekend, weekday
❑ Ask your partner what he/she will do on the days listed
below. Make sure to give comments after his/her reply.
a) the day after tomorrow
b) Friday this week
c) this weekend
d) Monday next week
15-126
2) What kind?
はらだ: Maikuさんは、よく にほんりょうりを たべますか。
どんな
Maiku : にほんりょうりですか。 そうですねえ。 ときどき たべます。
what kind of
はらだ: そうですか。 どんな にほんりょうりが すきですか。
Maiku : なんでも すきです。 でも とくに どんぶりが すきです。
15-127
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask your classmates if they often do the things below and
ask related questions using the interrogatives, especially ど
んな.
Example:「よく、えいがを みますか。」
「えいがですか。 そうですね。 ときどき みます。」
「どんなえいがを みますか。」
「わたしは animeを よく みます。 Animeが だいすきです。」
15-128
3) Which one (of the two) do you like?
はらだ: ぎゅうどんと おやこどん(と)、 どちら(のほう)が すきですか。
Maiku: ええと。 そうですねえ。 たぶん ぎゅうどんですね。
はらだ: そうですか。 わたしもです。
Harada: Which one do you like better, gyuudon or oyakodon?
Mike: Well. Let me think. Probably gyuudon.
Harada: Really? Me, too.
Harada: Gyuudon to oyakodon (to), dochira (nohoo) ga sukidesuka?
Maiku: Eeto. Soo desunee. Tabun gyuudon desune.
Harada: Soo desuka. Watashi mo desu.
どちらも すきです。 I like them both.
どちらも すきじゃありません。 I do not like either one.
どちら Try asking your classmates which one they like better.
which one a) dog, cat
(of the two) b) Japanese, math
c) coffee, black tea
d) Friday, Saturday
e) hiragana, roomaji
15-129
4) Which one (of the three) do you like?
はらだ: じゃあ、Maikuさん。 そばと うどんと raamen(と)、どれが いちばん
すきですか。
Maiku: むずかしいですね。 たぶん そばが いちばん すきです。
はらだ: そうですか。 どれも おいしい ですよね。 どれ
which one (of
Harada: Well then, Mike. Which one
three or more)
do you like best, soba,
udon or ramen? どれも すきです。
Mike: That is difficult. Probably, I I like them all.
like soba the best. どれも すきじゃありません。
Harada: I see. They are all delicious, I do not like any one.
aren’t they?
Try asking your classmates which one they
Harada: Jaa Maiku-san. Soba to like best.
udon to raamen (to), dore a) broccoli, carrots, asparagus
ga ichiban suki desuka. b) Batman, Superman, Spiderman
Maiku: Muzukashii desune. Tabun c) bus, train densha, car kuruma
soba ga ichiban sukidesu. d) coffee, tea, pop
Harada: Soo desuka. Doremo oishii e) Chinese cuisine, Japanese cuisine,
desu yone. Mexican cuisine
15-130
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask your classmates if they like these だいすきです。
things. Also ask especially what kind they
like/dislike. Take notes of their answers. すきです。
Example:
にほんりょうりが すきですか。 まあまあ すきです。
とくに どんなにほんりょうりが すきですか。
• Japanese food
きらいじゃありません。
“Nihon ryoori ga
• Japanese movie sukidesuka?”
すきじゃありません。
• Japanese music “Tokuni donna nihon
• Create your own ryoori ga sukidesuka?”
きらいです。
❑ Make one full sentence based on the
information you received from your だいきらいです。
partner.
Example:
Samさんは にほんりょうりが だいすきです。
とくに さしみが すきです。
Samu-san wa nihonryoori ga daisuki desu.
Tokuni sashimi ga sukidesu.
15-131
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
15-132
16. Time and commute
1) Time (by 5 minutes) and duration
2) Transportation
16-133
1) Time (by 5 minutes) and duration
2:05 niji gohun gohun(kan) for 5 minutes くらい/ぐらい
2:10 niji juppun juppun(kan) for 10 minutes about
2:15 niji juugohun juugohun(kan) for 15 minutes
2:20 niji nijuppun sanjuppun(kan) for 30 minutes ごふんくらい
ichijikan for 1 hour about 5 min.
ichijikan han for 1 and half hours
Try reading these
times in Japanese.
Try saying these in Japanese.
2:05 2:10 1.5 hours
2:15 2:20 About 3 hours
1 hour and 20 minutes
2:25 2:30
10 minutes
2:35 2:40 About 15 minutes
2:45 2:50 4 hours and 25 minutes
2:55 3:00
16-134
2) Transportation
Particle で
marks the
method. It is
くるま takushii じてんしゃ とほ like “by
car taxi bicycle walking means of” in
English.
なにで
basu by what
しんかんせん ふね means
bus bullet train ship/ferry/boat
Trying making
sentences like
ひこうきで にほんへ
ひこうき いきます。
でんしゃ I go to Japan by
train “Baiku” in Japanese means airplane
motorcycle, not bicycle. airplane.
16-135
Shinkansen
Shinkansen or bullet train in English is a network of high-speed railroad systems in
Japan. It can travel from Tokyo to Osaka, a little over 300 miles, in 2.5 hours for
about $120 one way. BULLET TRAIN - Riding Japan's Super Shinkansen
7-Minutes Miracle
16-136
がっこうまで なんぷんですか。 Try saying in Japanese.
How many minutes to school?
1 hr by bus
がっこうまで なんじかんですか。
10 minutes by bike
How many hours to school?
5 minutes on foot
がっこうまで どのくらいですか。
How long is it to school? 2.5 hrs by car
くるまで35ふんくらいです。 30 minutes by train
About 35 minutes by car. About 2 hrs by car
でんしゃで1じかんくらいです。 なんぷん About 20 minutes on foot
About 1 hour by train. how many
minutes
ちかい close/near
なんじかん とおい far
how many べんり convenient
hours どのくらい
どれくらい ふべん inconvenient
how long
16-137
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask your partner where his/her house is.
うちは どこですか。 Uchi wa doko desuka?
❑ Ask how long it takes from the house to the college.
だいがくまで どのくらいですか。 Daigaku made donokurai desuka?
❑ Comment on the answer for the previous question. You might
want to add ちょっと or とても to the phrase below, too.
とおいですね。
ふべんですね。 ちょっと a little
ちかいですね。 とても very
べんりですね。
いいですね。
たいへんですね。
16-138
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
American Rail Club. (2019, January 4). BULLET TRAIN - Riding Japan‘s Super
Shinkansen - 新幹線に乗りましょ! [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM6Fz48PH1U
16-139
17. More interrogatives
1) Where (at), with whom
2) Whose, why
17-140
1) Where (at), with whom
さかい: やまださんは、ばんごはんを どこで たべますか。 だいたい
やまだ: ばんごはんですか。 だいたい うちで たべます。 usually/mostly
さかい: そうですか。 ひとりで たべますか。 ひとりで
alone
やまだ: そうですね。 へいじつは ひとりで たべます。 でも
しゅうまつは ともだちと たべます。 さかいさんは。
さかい: わたしは だいたい かぞくと たべます。 どこで
where (at)
やまだ: いいですね。
だれと
Sakai: Where do you eat dinner, Mr. with whom
Yamada?
Yamada: Dinner? Usually I eat at home. Particle で
Sakai: I see. Do you eat alone? marks the
Yamada: Yes. I eat alone on week days. いつ location of
But I eat with my friends on when
weekend. What about you, Ms. the action.
Sakai?
Sakai: I usually eat with my family.
Yamada: That is nice. Try asking your partner about his/her
dinner place and company.
17-141
a) b) c) d) a) ゆうびんきょく
post office
b) こうばん
police box
c) びょういん
hospital
d) えいがかん
movie theater
e) f) g) h) e) ぎんこう
bank
f) スーパー
super market
g) コンビニ
convenience
store
i) j) k) l) m)
h) うち/いえ
home/house
i) えき
train station
j) きっさてん/カフェ
coffee shop
k) (お)みせ
A: どこで しゅくだいを しますか。 store
l) バスてい
A: Where do you do your homework? bus stop
B: うちで します。 m) トイレ/おてあらい
B: I do at home. restroom
17-142
おとうさん
dad
おかあさん
mom
おじいさん
grandpa
おばあさん
grandma
きょうだい
siblings
いぬ
dog
ねこ
cat
かぞく
family
おとこのひと
man
おんなのひと
woman
おとこのこ
A: だれと さんぽを しますか。 boy
A: Who do you take a walk with? おんなのこ
B: きょうだいと します。 girl
B: I do with my siblings. ともだち
friend
17-143
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask your partner where he/she
a) eats dinner on weekend
b) plays computer game
c) exercises
d) listens to music
❑ Ask your partner who he/she
a) eats lunch with on weekdays
b) plays computer game with
c) studies Japanese language with
d) goes shopping with
17-144
2) Whose, why
せんせい: これは だれの しゅくだいですか。 なまえが ありません。
Aasaaさんのですか。 だれの
Aasaa: いいえ、わたしのじゃありません。 whose
Nikooru: あ、それは わたしのです。 すみません。
せんせい: そうですか。 じゃあ、いま なまえを かいてください。 The noun
Nikooru: はい、わかりました。 after だれの
Teacher: Whose homework is this? There is no name. can be
Is it yours, Arthur? どうして omitted.
Arthur: No, it is not mine. なぜ
Nicole: Oh, that is mine. I am sorry. why
Teacher: I see. Well then, please write your name now.
Nicole: Yes, I understand.
17-147
18. Putting together sentences
1) Forming sentences
2) Conjunctions
18-148
1) Forming sentences
あした わたしは かぞくと レストランで ばんごはんを たべます。
わたしは あした かぞくと ばんごはんを レストランで たべます。
I will eat dinner with my family at a restaurant tomorrow.
Both sentences above are correct sentences. Word order of Japanese
sentences is very flexible though the time related word often comes at the
beginning and the main verb must stay at the end of the sentence. When
you want to change the order of the words, make sure to move the
particle with the word that precedes.
18-149
Check if you can do this!
❑ Create a sentence that includes “when,” “who,”
“where,” “with who” and “what/verb.”
❑ Review other structures that you have learned
and create sentences. Below are some example
structures.
a) ~は・・・です。
b) ~は・・・が すきです。
c) ・・・が あります。
d) ~は・・・に いきます。
18-150
2) Conjunctions
わたしは まいあさ 6じはんごろ おきます。 そして 7じごろ koohiiを のみます。
でも あさごはんは たべません。 8じはんに いえを でます。 だいがくまで くるま
で 30ぷんくらいです。 すこし とおいです。
10じから 12じ20ぷんまで にほんごのkurasuが あります。 にほんごのkurasuは
たのしいです。 だから だいすきです。 わたしのともだちのJoonzuさんは、basuで
だいがくに きます。 basuは ときどき おそいです。 それで、Joonzuさんは ときどき
kurasuに ちこくします。
わたしは Joonzuさんと ひるごはんを たべます。 だいがくの kafeteriaは あまりす
きじゃありません。 でも だいがくの koohiishoppuの sandoicchiは まあまあです。
そこで ときどき sandoicchiを かいます。
1じから 2じまで Joonzuさんと だいがくの jimuで うんどうを します。 それから
いえに かえります。 そして arubaitoに いきます。 げつようびと すいようびは
arubaitoが あります。 4じから 8じまでです。
たのしい fun
そして and それから and then
ちこくします to be late
だから/それで therefore でも but
jimu gym
18-151
Check if you can do this!
❑ Modify the sentences on the previous slide to
talk about your typical week day or weekend.
❑ Ask your partner series of questions so that you
can write about his/her typical week day or
weekend.
18-152
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
18-153
19. Adjectives and この・その・あの・どの
19-154
1) Two types of adjectives
There are two types of adjectives; i- a) あまい n) たのしい
adjectives and na-adjectives. b) だいすき o) たいへん
Dictionary form* of i-adjectives always c) あつい p) やすい
have い at the end of the words while d) だいきらい q) とおい
most of na-adjectives don’t. e) ちかい r) たかい
Examples of i-adjective: あつい・さむい f) はやい s) すき
Examples of na-adjective: すき・だめ g) べんり t) さむい
There are some na-adjectives that end h) ひどい u) まじめ
with い, however. i) いい v) おそい
Example: きらい j) ふべん w) おいしい
k) からい x) きらい
*Dictionary l) まずい y) すずしい
form is the m) ねむい z) だめ
form of the
word that Try recalling the adjectives
you can find above and sort them into two
in the groups; i-adjective group and
dictionary. na-adjective group.
19-155
2) Adjective sentences
Ending of the adjectives conjugate when used as negatives.
i-adjectives
There are two
い changes to くない ways of making
さむい → さむくない negatives. They are
きょうは さむいですね。 equally used. Negative of i-
It is cold today, isn’t it? さむくないです adjective いい
さむくありません is よくない as
でも あしたは さむくないですよ。
the older form
But it won’t be cold tomorrow, you know?
of いい was よ
na-adjectives い.
dictionary form plus じゃないです or じゃありません
Conjugation of
それは たいへんですね。 na-adjectives
That must be tough! こんなに
this much, are similar to
いいえ、そんなに たいへんじゃないですよ。 like this that of nouns.
いいえ、そんなに たいへんじゃありませんよ。 そんなに がくせいじゃ
No, not that much. that much, ありません。
like that I am not a
student.
19-156
3) Modifying nouns
Japanese adjectives can be placed right この・その・あの・どの or
before nouns or noun phrases to modify them. prenominal forms of
i-adjectives demonstrative pronouns
can be used to modify
dictionary form as is nouns or noun phrases.
いいおてんき good weather どのくつが いいですか。
たのしいパーティー fun party Which shoes do you like?
na-adjectives このくつが いいです。
dictionary form + な I like these shoes.
べんりなかばん convenient bag
すきなえいが favorite movie
19-158
Check if you can do this!
❑ Come up with as many adjectives as possible and group them into
two groups: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. 19-155
❑ Conjugate the adjectives that you come up with to negative forms.
❑ Using the adjectives you come up with, make noun phrases that
include the adjectives. 19-157
Example: おいしいコーヒー
❑ Point to the items that your partner has and ask if they are good,
convenient, expensive, etc. Comment on the answer and/or ask why.
Make sure you can also answer the questions that your partner asks.
Try using negative form of adjectives.
Example:
A: そのかばんは いいですか。
B: あまり よくないです。
A: そうですか。 どうしてですか。
B: あまり べんりじゃありません。
19-159
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
19-160
20. More self introduction
1) Academic majors
2) School grade
3) Where about do you live?
20-161
1) Academic majors
anthropology じんるいがく A:(ご)せんこうは なんですか。
biology せいぶつがく What is your academic major?
engineering こうがく B: まだわかりません。
fine art びじゅつ I don’t know yet.
foreign language がいこくご でも たぶん がいこくごです。
general education いっぱんきょうよう But probably, foreign language.
history れきし A: がいこくご? それは えいごでなんですか。
linguistics げんごがく Gaikokugo? What is that in English?
literature ぶんがく B: Foreign languageですよ。
mathematics すうがく It is foreign language.
medical science いがく A: そうですか。 すごいですね。
music おんがく I see. That is great.
nursing かんごがく
physics ぶつりがく “ご” is an honorific prefix just Try asking
political science せいじがく like “お.” “ご” is used only your
science or chemistry かがく when addressing or talking classmates
sociology しゃかいがく about someone other than their
veterinary medicine じゅういがく you or someone in your group academic
just like “お.” majors.
20-162
2) School grade
A: がくせい(さん)ですか。 しょうがっこう elementary school
Are you a student? ちゅうがっこう middle school
B: はい、そうです。だいがくせいです。 こうこう high school
Yes, I am. I am a college student. だいがく college
A: なんねんせいですか。 しょうがくせい elementary school student
Which grade? ちゅうがくせい middle school student
B: だいがく2ねんせいです。 こうこうせい high school student
I am sophomore in college. だいがくせい college student
20-166
21. Past tense sentences
1) Time related words: Past
2) Verb sentences
3) い-adjective sentences
4) な-adjective and noun sentences
21-167
1) Time related words: Past
おととい きのう きょう あした あさって
the day before yesterday today tomorrow the day after
yesterday tomorrow
せんせんしゅう せんしゅう こんしゅう らいしゅう さらいしゅう
two weeks ago last week this week next week two weeks
from now
せんせんげつ せんげつ こんげつ らいげつ さらいげつ
two months last month this month next month two months
ago from now
おととし きょねん ことし らいねん さらいねん
two years ago last year this year next year two years
from now
21-168
2) Verb sentences
A: きのうのよる なにを たべましたか。 A: What did you eat last night?
B: I ate yakisoba.
B: やきそばを たべました。
A: Did you make it by yourself?
A: じぶんで つくりましたか。 B: Yes. I made it.
B: はい。 わたしが つくりました。 A: That is great! Anything else?
B: Just yakisoba.
A: すごいですね! ほかには?
B: やきそばだけです。
21-169
3) い-adjective sentences
A: そのやきそばは おいしかったですか。 A: Was the yakisoba delicious?
B: はい、とても おいしかったです。 でも、じつは B: Yes, it was very delicious. But
to tell you the truth, I made
おとといも やきそばを つくりました。 それは
yakisoba the day before
あまり おいしくなかったです。 yesterday, too. That was not
A: そうですか。 very tasty.
B: きのうは もうすこし ソースを つかいました。 A: I see.
B: I used more sauce yesterday.
だから おいしかったです。 Thus, it was tasty.
A: そうですか。 よかったですね。 A: I see. That is good.
21-170
4) な-adjective and noun sentences
A: きのうは あめでしたね。
A: It was rainy yesterday, wasn’t it?
B: ええ。 クラスもしずかでした。 B: Yes. My class was quiet, too.
A: そうですか。 わたしのクラスは A: Really? My class was not quiet.
しずかじゃなかったですよ。
na-adjective affirmative negative
Sentence ending しずか quiet
conjugations of na-
adjectives and nouns non-past しずかです しずかじゃないです
are the same. しずかじゃありません
past しずかでした しずかじゃなかったです
しずかじゃありませんでした
noun affirmative negative
あめ rain
non-past あめです あめじゃないです
あめじゃありません
Practice conjugating past あめでした あめじゃなかったです
adjectives on 19-155 あめじゃありませんでした
21-171
Check if you can do this!
❑ Ask your classmates what they did during the last
school break. Also ask how it was. Make sure you
ask related questions to find out details, too.
❑ Talk about things you did yesterday and how they
were.
どうでしたか。
How was it?
21-172
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
21-173
22. Describing existence
1) あります・います
2) Adding location
3) Positional words
a. Phrase
b. Sentence
22-174
1) あります・います
しつもんが あります。
I have a question/questions.
There is a question/questions.
ねこが います。
I have a cat/cats.
There is a cat/cats.
“あります” is used to denote the existence of
inanimate objects and abstract concepts.
“います” is used to denote the existence of living
things except for plants.
Find out if your partner
Try saying which verb; “います” or “あります” has things below. Use
should be used when the word below is the ~がありますか。 or
subject of the sentence. ~がいますか。
いぬ がくせい a) cat
たなかさん さくら b) blue pen
つくえ しゅくだい c) dog
えんぴつ おんなのひと d) car
にほんごのクラス さかな e) cellphone
22-175
2) Adding location
このだいがくに プラネタリウムが あります。
This college has a planetarium.
Particle が is used Particle に is used to
そして ここに いけも あります。 to mark the object mark the location of
And there is a pond here, too. of the verb あります the object’s
でも LLが ありません。 or います. existence.
But there is no language lab.
Try saying if this college has the
place に object が あります/います。 things below.
だいがくの ほんやに ドーナツが あります。 このだいがくに ありますか。
There are donuts at the college bookstore. いますか。
りょう dormitory
Try making sentences like the example above プール
using “place に object が あります/います.”
テニスコート
place object スタジアム
classroom Japanese students ちゅうごくのがくせい
my house bicycle うさぎ rabbit
my friend’s house dogs さかな
college cafeteria udon りす squirrel
22-176
3) Positional words
あいだ
between
うえ した ひだり みぎ となり
on top, above, up under, below left right next to
よこ
alongside
そば
near
うしろ
back, behind
まわり
around
まえ なか
in front inside
22-177
うえ となり そと
した あいだ なか
いわ boulder
き tree
まえ うしろ
22-178
a. Phrase
“In front of the college” in Japanese is “だいが
く の まえ.” “まえ/in front of” comes after “だ
いがく/college” connected by the particle “の.”
You might want to think that you are saying
“college’s front” in Japanese.
Reference point + の + positional word
ゴミばこ の うえ
ゴミばこ
ふくろ はこ
22-181
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
22-182
23. Shall we?
1) ~ましょうか・ましょう
23-183
1) ~ましょうか・~ましょう
A: さあ、いきましょうか。
B: はい。いきましょう。
A: Shall we go now?
B: Yes. Lets’ go.
23-184
Check if you can do this!
❑ Suggest to your partner that you decide to do
something together using ~ましょうか.
❑ Decide and tell your partner to do something
using ~ましょう.
いっしょに together
そうしましょう Let’s do it.
23-185
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
23-186
24. I want
1) ほしい and ~たい
24-187
1) ほしい and ~たい
A: ねむくないですか。 コーヒーが ほしいですね。 Particle “が” marks
B: ほんとうですね。 コーヒーが のみたいですね。 the object of “want”
or “want to.”
A: コーヒーショップに いきましょうか。
B: ええ、そうしましょう。
“ほしい” and “たい”
A: Are you not sleepy? We want coffee, don’t we? are used when you
B: Really. I want to drink some coffee. describe what you
A: Shall we go to a coffee shop? want or what you want
B: Let’s do that. to do.
“ほしい” resembles the English word “want.” However, it is It can also be used
not a verb in Japanese but an i-adjective. It is used when when you are asking
you want something that is either tangible or intangible. someone what they
want or what they
“~たい” is used when you want to do something. To form want to do. However,
“~たい” phrase, simply replace “ます” with “たい” of the using these words
verb. For example, “のみます” should be changed to “のみ when asking someone
たい” to mean “I want to drink.” older what they want
Since these words are not verbs in Japanese, particle used or what they want to
to mark the object is not “を,” but it is “が.” do is not very polite.
24-188
Check if you can do this!
❑ Talk about what you want for your birthday.
❑ Talk about what you want to do during the next
school break.
たんじょうび birthday
つぎのやすみ the next break
24-189
References
[Illustrations]. Retrieved June, 2019 from https://www.ac-illust.com/
24-190