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EFREN S. TELLERMO-Course Professor

The document discusses hypotheses, including the null and alternative hypotheses. It provides examples of stating the null and alternative hypotheses for different scenarios. It also discusses types of errors, levels of significance, critical values, the steps to conduct a hypothesis test, and provides examples of performing hypothesis tests on sample data.

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Rizalyn Gepilano
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232 views

EFREN S. TELLERMO-Course Professor

The document discusses hypotheses, including the null and alternative hypotheses. It provides examples of stating the null and alternative hypotheses for different scenarios. It also discusses types of errors, levels of significance, critical values, the steps to conduct a hypothesis test, and provides examples of performing hypothesis tests on sample data.

Uploaded by

Rizalyn Gepilano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EFREN S.

TELLERMO-Course Professor
 a hypothesis is an assumption made about a
population parameter. It is an
educated/intelligent guess or an assumption.

 Types:
 Null Hypothesis (Ho)– equity hypothesis or
hypothesis of no effect.
 Alternative Hypothesis(Ha)-states a specific
difference between a parameter and a specific
value.
 Example 1. State the null and alternative
hypothesis.
 Is the average age of bus drivers in metro manila equals
38 years?
 Is the average calories of low calorie meal equals 300
calories?
 There are 10 people who attended an aerobics class. Do
they loss an average weight loss of 8 pounds?
 Ho:parameter = specific value two-tailed test
 Ha: parameter = specific value

 Ho:parameter = specific value left-tailed test


 Ha: parameter < specific value

 Ho:parameter = specific value right-tailedtest


 Ha: parameter > specific value
 A type I error occurs when one rejects a null
hypothesis that is true.
 A type II error occurs when one does not
reject a hypothesis that if false.
Truth
(for population studied)

Null Hypothesis True Null Hypothesis False

Reject Null Hypothesis Type I Error Correct Decision


Decision
(based on sample)
Fail to reject Null Hypothesis Correct Decision Type II Error
 Level of Significance is the maximum probability of
rejecting a true null hypothesis.
 The critical value determines the critical and the
noncritical region. Critical region is the range of values
that indicates that there’s a significant difference and
the null should be rejected.
1. State the null and alternative hypothesis.
2. Select the level of significance and tailedness of
test.
3. Determine the critical value and the rejection
region.
4. State the decision rule.
5. Compute the test statistic.
6. Make a decision/conclusion.
Formula:
𝟀−𝞵
z= 𝝈/
𝑛
where
X – sample mean
μ – hypothesize mean
𝝈 – population standard deviation
n – sample
Example1. A manufacturer claims that the average lifetime of his
bulb is 36 months with standard deviation of 8 months. Fifty bulbs
are selected and found that the average lifetime is 32 months.
Should the manufacturer’s statement be rejected at .05 alpha?
Step 1.
Ho: The average lifetime of a bulb is 36 months
Ha: The average lifetime of a bulb is not 36 months
Step 2.
Alpha(α) = .05, two-tailed
Step 3.
The critical value is -1.96 and 1.96(refer to z-table)
Step 4.
Do not reject Ho if Z-value is -1.96< Z value < 1.96
Step 5.
Compute(use the formula)
Step 6.
The computed z-value -3.54 is less than -1.96. Thus, the
manufacturers claim should be rejected.
1. The average score of all sixth graders in school District A on a
math aptitude exam is 75 with a standard deviation of 8.1. A random
sample of 100 students in one school was taken. The mean score of
these 100 students was 71. Does this indicate that the students of
this school are significantly less skilled in their mathematical abilities
than the average student in the district? (Use a 5% level of
significance.)
2. A principal at a certain school claims that the students in his
school are above average intelligence. A random sample of fifty
students IQ scores have a mean score of 112. Is there sufficient
evidence to support the principal’s claim? The mean population IQ is
100 with a standard deviation of 15.
3. Medical literatures tell us that our blood is mainly composed of
red and white corpuscles and a normal body must average 7250/mm3
of white blood cell counts. If a sample of 15 individuals chosen at
random from a certain place have an average of 4850/mm3 with a
standard deviation of 2500/mm3, would you say that the people in
that place have low white blood cell count? Test at 5% level of
significance.
4. The manager of the car rental agency claims that the average
mileage of cars rented is less than 8000 km. A sample of 5 cars has an
average mileage of 7723 km with a standard deviation of 500 km. At
α=0.05, is there enough evidence to reject the manger’s claim?

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