Acknowledgement

First of all, I would like to express immense pleasure

and sincere gratitude to Xavier International College,
Kalopul, Kathmandu, Nepal for providing me with the
facilities for the smooth completion of the project.
I would like to thank our respected teacher Mr.
Shekhar Raj Sharma who has been a source of
continuous encouragement and inspiration for me for
the work. I gratefully thank him for his suggestion
and comment for further improvement and for his
assiduous and continuous efforts in finalizing the
project.
Finally, I am deeply indebted to all the mentioned
personnel’s and especially friends without whose
support and guidance, I would not have succeeded in
this endeavor.
Thanking You,

Name: -
Date: - December 29, 2020
 Declarations by the
student
I -- student of Grade XI, Roll No here by declare
that this assignment and project work has purely
done by me and is not produced by any one for
academic purpose anywhere else.
All the above given information is correct in the best
of my knowledge. If above information is incorrect,
College/NEB Board can take any action against me
and in this case I will not claim for any change in the
marks future.

Name: -
Roll No:-
Date: - December 29, 2020
 Certificate
This is to certify that the project titled “Project for
Grade XI” embodies the original work done by
name
Under a strict adherence to the guidelines provided as
on the syllabus prescribed for Grade XI of Nepal
Education Board, Nepal for the subject Computer
Science.
Further this is to certify that the work reported in this
project has not been presented as a part of any other
academic work.

Mr. Shekhar Raj Sharma

Computer Science Department
Xavier International College
Kalopul, Kathmandu, Nepal
CONTENTS
Application Package
Unit1: Word Processing
 Features of Word Processing
 Microsoft Word
 Components of the MS-Word Window
 Document Views of MS-Word 2007
 Formatting Text
 THE MAIL MERGE
 Document Collaboration

Unit 2: Spreadsheet
 Microsoft Excel
 MS Excel overview
 Basic Formulas of MS Excel
 Shorting & Filtering
 Data Analysis
 Pivot Tables
 What-If Analysis
Unit3: Presentation
 Features and Function of Presentation Software
  Basic Fundamentals of Presentation

Application Package
Word Processing
A word processor is a type of software application used for
composing, editing, formatting and printing documents.
Word processors have a variety of uses and applications
within the business environment, at home and in
educational contexts. Word processors are used to create,
edit and print documents, and well as save them
electronically. Some examples of word processing programs
include Microsoft Word, WordPerfect (Windows only),
AppleWorks (Mac only), and OpenOffice.org.

Features of Word Processing

Most installable modern word processor software supports
additional features that enable you to manipulate and
format documents in more sophisticated ways. Full-featured
word processors usually support the following advanced
features, and cloud-based word processors may have some
of these features as well:
Grammar Checking: Identifies sentences, paragraphs,
and punctuation that doesn't appear to meet commonly
recognized rules of grammar.

Footnotes and Cross-References: Automates the

numbering and placement of footnotes and enables you to
easily cross-reference other sections of the document.

Automated Lists: Automatically creates bulleted or

numbered lists, including multi-level outlines.

Graphics: Allows you to embed illustrations, graphs, and

possibly even videos into a document. Some word processors
let you create the illustrations within the word processor;
others let you insert an illustration produced by a different
program.

Headers, Footers, and Page Numbering: Allows

you to specify customized headers and footers that the word
processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The
word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers
so that the correct number appears on each page.

Layout: Allows you to specify different margins within a

single document and to specify various methods for
indenting paragraphs.

Macros: Enables users to define and run macros, a

character or word that represents a series of keystrokes.
The keystrokes can represent text or commands. The ability
to define macros allows you to save yourself a lot of time by
replacing common combinations of keystrokes.

Merge: Allows you to merge text from one file into

another file. This is particularly useful for generating many
files that have the same format but different data.
Generating mailing labels is the classic example of using
merges.

Tables of Contents and Indexes: Allows you to

automatically create a table of contents and index based on
special codes that you insert in the document.

Thesaurus: Allows you to search for synonyms without

leaving the word processor.

Collaboration: Allows users to track changes to the

document when more than one person is editing. Some
cloud-based word processors also allow multiple users to
edit the same document at the same time.

Internet features: Allows users to embed Web links into

their documents and format their documents for the Web.
Some also link to Web services that can help users create
their documents.

Translation and Speech: As artificial intelligence

capabilities become more commonplace, some word
processors have gained the ability to read text aloud, to
accept voice commands, and to translate text from one
language to another.
Microsoft Word
MS Word is one of the most popular word processing
software developed by Microsoft Inc in the field of electronic
word processing. This has remarkable features of
integrating capability with other software such as Microsoft
Excel, Power Point etc. MS word is popularly used in writing
documents, letters, thesis, brochures, newsletters, reports
etc. This report is also written using MS word. Though there
are many other free word processing software over the
sphere, MS word is popular among them due to inclusion of
many unique features, user friendly GUI etc.

Fig: Screenshot of MS-Word

 Components of the MS-Word Window

Fig: Components of the MS-Word Windows

Some main components of the Word window are:

 Office Button : It is located at the top left of the word

window and provides access to commands such as save,
open, print, etc and also lists some previously opened
documents/recent documents.
 Quick Access Tool Bar: It is located towards the right of
the office button and provides an easy access to some
commonly used commands. The default commands are
Undo, Redo, and Save.
 Title Bar: It is at the top of the window and displays the
name of the window along with the application's name.
 Ribbon: It is a new command used in Word 2007. It
consists of Tabs; Tabs consists of various Groups and the
commands are grouped into these groups.
 Rulers:  The ruler is used to change the format of your
document quickly.
 Status Bar: It is at the bottom of the window. It shows
the total and current no. of pages, no. of words, options for
various views, and the zoom slider to adjust the size of the
working area.
 Working Area: It the page like object on the screen
where you type and format the text.

Document Views of MS-Word 2007

In Word 2007,you can Display your document in one of the
following five views:
Draft View: Draft View is the most frequently used view.
You use Draft view to quickely edit your document.
Web Layout: Web Layout view enables you to see your
document as it would appears in a browser such as Internet
Explorer.
Print Layout: The Print Layout view shows the document
as it will look when it is printed.
Reading Layout: Reading Layout view format your screen
to make reading your document more comfortable.
Outline View: Outline view display the document in
outline form. You can display headings without the text. If
you move a heading, the accompanying text moves with it.

Fig: Document View

Formatting Text
Formatting refers to the way our text will look like– the
design of the characters, their size, the space between
paragraphs, their alignment, etc.
First, selection of text.
• By using the mouse, position the insertion point (by
clicking the mouse) at the beginning or end of the block to
be selected and then click and drag to the end or beginning
of the block.• By using the shortcuts:
 Double-click on a word to select it.
 Triple-click on a paragraph to select it.
 Ctrl+click on a sentence to select it.
There are basically two types of formatting:
• Character formatting,
• Paragraph formatting

Character Formatting
Character formatting is the one which we can apply to any
individual character or to a group of characters. It has the
following options
Font: This decides the appearance of our characters.

Font Style: We can make characters stand out by making

them Bold, Italic or both.

Size: This increases/decreases the size of the characters–

the size measured in points (72points=1 inch)

Font Color: We can apply colours to the characters for

printing the final document.

Underline: We can draw attention to some particular text

by underlining it.
Effects: We can also apply effects to our text. Two most
common ones are Superscript and Subscript. The 2 in 32 is
as upperscript. To make a character into superscript, we
need to select only that character, and click the box against
Superscript. Similarly,1 in T1 is a subscript.

Paragraph Formatting
There are some formatting features that get applied to an
entire paragraph or paragraphs, but not to any given
character or a group there of. Such formatting features are
described as Paragraph formatting. It provides the
following options

Alignment: The alignment of a paragraph may be left,

center, right .

Indentation: Indents are the left and right boundaries of

selected paragraphs within a document. This may be
necessary when different paragraphs have different left and
right boundaries. For example ,we can see the in dentation
in poems. The indentation options available in most word
processors are Left and Right. Apart from these, we can
have special indentation in the form of First Line and
Hanging.

Spacing: This option allows us to have some space before

and/or after a paragraph or a group of paragraphs. We can
select the paragraph(s) and select or type in the desired
value against the appropriate option Before or After. These
values are measured in points.
There is also a Line spacing option, which decides on the
spacing between the lines of the paragraph. Normally we
will type with the value Single for it. But if we want to have
more space between the lines, we can select 1.5 lines or
Double for it.

THE MAIL MERGE

We use mail merge when we want to create a set of
documents that are essentially the same except that each
contains some unique elements. For example, in a letter to
invite friends to a birthday party ,the date of invitation and
the text thereof will be same everywhere, but the address
and greeting line will be different in each letter

Using mail merge, we can create:

 A set of labels for envelopes: The return address is the
same on all the labels or envelopes, but the destination
address is unique on each one.
 A set of form letters, e-mail message or faxes: The basic
content is the same in all the letters, messages or faxes,
but each contains information that is specific to the
individual recipient, such as name, address or some other
piece of personal data

Creating each letter, message, fax, label, envelope, etc.

individually would take hours. That’s where mail merge
comes in. Using mail merge, all we have to do is create one
document that contains the information that is the same in
each version. Then we just add some place holders for the
information that is unique to each version. The word
processor will take care of the rest.
Document Collaboration
Document Collaboration is the tools or system set up to help
multiple people work together on a single document or file
to achieve a single final version. Normally, this is software
that allows teams to work on a single document, such as a
word document, at the same time from different computer
terminals or mobile sevices. Hence, document collaboration
today is a system allowing people to collaborate across
different location using an Internet, or cloud computing,
enabled approach.
Spread Sheet
A spreadsheet is a computer application for organization,
analysis and storage of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets
were developed as computerized analogs of paper
accounting worksheets. The program operates on data
entered in cells of a table. Each cell may contain either
numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that
automatically calculate and display a value based on the
contents of other cells. A spreadsheet may also refer to one
such electronic document.
Spreadsheet users can adjust any stored value and observe
the effects on calculated values. This makes the spreadsheet
useful for "what-if" analysis since many cases can be rapidly
investigated without manual recalculation. Modern
spreadsheet software can have multiple interacting sheets
and can display data either as text and numerals or in
graphical form.Some common spread sheet software’s used
are:
 MS Excel
 WikiCalc
 Gnumeric
 Lotus 1-2-3
 TABULUS
 Google Spreadsheets
 Ability Office Spreadsheet
Microsoft Excel
MS-Excel is one of the commercial spreadsheet software
widely used throughout the world developed by Microsoft
Corporation, USA. It is collectively called “spreadsheet
package”. A spreadsheet or worksheet is a file made
of rows and columns that help sort data, arrange data
easily, and calculate numerical data. What makes a
spreadsheet software program unique is its ability to
calculate values using mathematical formulas and the data
in cells. A good example of how a spreadsheet may be
utilized is creating an overview of your bank's balance.

Opening Excel
Using Windows 7
1. Click on the Start Button.
2. In the Search Program and Files box type Excel.
3. Click on Excel 2013 from the Program results.
4. The Microsoft Excel 2013 program will open.
Using Windows 8
1. Press the Windows key on the keyboard.
2. Type Excel.
3. Click on Excel 2013 under the Apps results.

Using iOS 7
1. Click on Launchpad.
2. Select Microsoft Excel

MS Excel overview
Below is a basic example of what
a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet looks like, with all the
important features of a spreadsheet highlighted.
Quick Access Toolbar
The Quick Access Toolbar is located to the right of the
Microsoft Office. Button . It contains commands that are
used most often, for example Redo, Undo and Save. Word
2007 allows you to customize the Quick Access Toolbar,
meaning that you can add and remove commands as you
like.

Command Group
Command group is a Tak-specific groups divided among
the command tabs appropriate. Command tabs. Task-
oriented tabs that are organized on the ribbon. Dialog Box
Launcher.

The Ribbon
Microsoft Excel ribbon is the row of tabs and icons at the
top of the Excel window that allows you to quickly find,
understand and use commands for completing a certain
task. ... The ribbon in Excel is made up of four basic
components: tabs, groups, dialog launchers, and command
buttons.

Name Box
In Microsoft Excel, the Name Box displays the cell that is
currently selected in the spreadsheet. It is located to the left
of the formula bar. If a name is defined for a cell that is
selected, the Name Box displays the name of the cell. You
can use the Name Box to define a name for a selected cell, as
well. The picture shows an example of the Name box in
Microsoft Excel.

Formula Bar
The Formula Bar is where data or formulas you enter into
a worksheet appear for the active cell. The Formula
Bar can also be used to edit data or formula in the active
cell. The active cell displays the results of its formula while
we see the formula itself in the Formula Bar.

Column
A column is a vertical series of cells in a chart, table,
or spreadsheet. Below is an example of a Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet with column headers (column letter) A, B, C, D,
E, F, G, and H. As you can see in the image, the
last column H is the highlighted column in red and the
selected cell D8 is in the D column.

Rows
A row is a series of data banks laid out horizontally in a
table or spreadsheet. For example, in the picture below,
the row headers (row numbers) are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
etc. Row 16 is highlighted in red and cell D8 (on row 8) is
the selected cell.

Worksheet
The term Worksheet used in Excel documents is a
collection of cells organized in rows and columns. It is the
working surface you interact with to enter data.
Each worksheet contains 1048576 rows and 16384
columns and serves as a giant table that allows you to
organize information.
Zoom Control
The zoom feature in Excel changes the scale of a
worksheet. When you want to see more or less of a
worksheet, use Zoom to increase or decrease the
magnification.

Some Basic Formulas of MS Excel

SUM
The SUM function is the first must-know formula in Excel. It
usually aggregates values from a selection of columns or
rows from your selected range.
=SUM(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=SUM(B2:G2) – A simple selection that sums the values of a
row.
=SUM(A2:A8) – A simple selection that sums the values of a
column.
=SUM(A2:A7, A9, A12:A15) – A sophisticated collection that
sums values from range A2 to A7, skips A8, adds A9, jumps
A10 and A11, then finally adds from A12 to A15.
=SUM(A2:A8)/20 – Shows you can also turn your function
into a formula.
AVERAGE
The AVERAGE function should remind you of simple
averages of data such as the average number of
shareholders in a given shareholding pool.
=AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=AVERAGE(B2:B11) – Shows a simple average, also similar
to (SUM(B2:B11)/10)

COUNT
The COUNT function counts all cells in a given range that
contain only numeric values.
=COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
Example:
COUNT(A:A) – Counts all values that are numerical in A
column. However, you must adjust the range inside the
formula to count rows.
COUNT(A1:C1) – Now it can count rows.

COUNTA
Like the COUNT function, COUNTA counts all cells in a given
rage. However, it counts all cells regardless of type. That is,
unlike COUNT that only counts numerics, it also counts
dates, times, strings, logical values, errors, empty string, or
text.
=COUNTA(value1, [value2], …)
Example:
COUNTA(C2:C13) – Counts rows 2 to 13 in column C
regardless of type. However, like COUNT, you can’t use the
same formula to count rows. You must make an adjustment
to the selection inside the brackets – for example,
COUNTA(C2:H2) will count columns C to H

IF
The IF function is often used when you want to sort your
data according to a given logic. The best part of the IF
formula is that you can embed formulas and function in it.
=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Example:
=IF(C2<D3, ‘TRUE,’ ‘FALSE’) – Checks if the value at C3 is
less than the value at D3. If the logic is true, let the cell value
be TRUE, else, FALSE
=IF(SUM(C1:C10) > SUM(D1:D10), SUM(C1:C10),
SUM(D1:D10)) – An example of a complex IF logic. First, it
sums C1 to C10 and D1 to D10, then it compares the sum. If
the sum of C1 to C10 is greater than the sum of D1 to D10,
then it makes the value of a cell equal to the sum of C1 to
C10. Otherwise, it makes it the SUM of C1 to C10.

TRIM
The TRIM function makes sure your functions do not return
errors due to unruly spaces. It ensures that all empty spaces
are eliminated. Unlike other functions that can operate on a
range of cells, TRIM only operates on a single cell.
Therefore, it comes with the downside of adding duplicated
data in your spreadsheet.
=TRIM(text)
Example:
TRIM(A2) – Removes empty spaces in the value in cell A2.

MAX & MIN

The MAX and MIN functions help in finding the maximum
number and the minimum number in a range of values.
=MIN(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=MIN(B2:C11) – Finds the minimum number between
column B from B2 and column C from C2 to row 11 in both
columns B and C.

=MAX(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=MAX(B2:C11) – Similarly, it finds the maximum number
between column B from B2 and column C from C2 to row 11
in both columns B and C.

Shorting
Sorting is the process of placing elements from a collection
in some kind of order. For example, a list of words could be
sorted alphabetically or by length. A list of cities could be
sorted by population, by area, or by zip code. We have
already seen a number of algorithms that were able to
benefit from having a sorted list (recall the final anagram
example and the binary search).
There are many, many sorting algorithms that have been
developed and analyzed. This suggests that sorting is an
important area of study in computer science. Sorting a large
number of items can take a substantial amount of
computing resources. Like searching, the efficiency of a
sorting algorithm is related to the number of items being
processed. For small collections, a complex sorting method
may be more trouble than it is worth. The overhead may be
too high. On the other hand, for larger collections, we want
to take advantage of as many improvements as possible. In
this section we will discuss several sorting techniques and
compare them with respect to their running time.
Before getting into specific algorithms, we should think
about the operations that can be used to analyze a sorting
process. First, it will be necessary to compare two values to
see which is smaller (or larger). In order to sort a collection,
it will be necessary to have some systematic way to compare
values to see if they are out of order. The total number of
comparisons will be the most common way to measure a
sort procedure. Second, when values are not in the correct
position with respect to one another, it may be necessary to
exchange them. This exchange is a costly operation and the
total number of exchanges will also be important for
evaluating the overall efficiency of the algorithm .
Sorting data in excel means to arrange or organize the
given data in any form. Excel allows users to sort data in
alphabetical order, decreasing order, sorting based on color
and icon and so on. To learn how to sort data in any order,
follow the following mentioned steps –
 Start by preparing a series of data having various
entries comprising of numeric data as well as text.
 On the top most region of the work space, click on data.
An option appears sort and filter. The left side shows the
sorting and right side shows the filtering option
 To sort data, there are three options available, click on
the very first option to sort data in alphabetical order
from A-Z. To sort data in the reverse order from Z-A Click
on the option below it.
 From the given data set, select the region of data that
you wish to sort and hit the sort option. The data so
selected will be sorted accordingly
 To sort data with headers, select the sort option. A
dialogue box appears, hit the option that says my data
has headers. Fill in the required fields as per the users
choice and hit OK
 The data will be sorted according to the selected
inputs.
Filtering

Filters in excel can be used to filter down the data in your

worksheet and hide the rest of the data from a view. This
also works as the grouping of data. filters can be used from
the sort and filter option from the editing section in the
Home tab or we can use the keyboard shortcut using CTRL +
SHIFT + L, to use filters we need to select the header of the
table and use any one of the options above.
Data filtering in excel simply mean to remove the unwanted
data and get the data only for a specific person or type.
Excel is smart enough to distinguish between the numeric
and alphabetical data, thus is shows differing filter option
for both of them. To learn how to filter data , follow the
following mentioned steps –
 Start by preparing a set of data having a combination
of both text and numbers. Click on data option and select
the sort and filter option. Select the filter option.
 As soon as the filter option is selected, arrow icons
appear next to the header of the rows. This indicates that
filtering is applied.
 Click on the inward arrows that appear. A menu
appears that has options such as sort the data ,text filters
such as equal, not equal and so on
 To filter data for any one of the names mentioned in
the data, select the equals option from the text filter
data. Another pop up menu appears, enter, for example
BOB there and hit enter.
 The entire data will be filtered and data for only BOB
will be displayed. To clear the filter so applied, click on
the clear option that shows next to the filter option.
Advance filter function comes handy when the users wishes
to carry out multiple data filtering, each by fulfilling a
condition. To learn how to do this, follow the following
mentioned steps –
 Start by preparing a set of data having combination of
numeric and alphabetical data.
 To use the advanced sorting filter, copy the headers of
the initial data to other cells. Beneath those cells, specify
the condition of the data that the user wants to extract
 Select the entire data set, and select on advance option
from the various filter options. This will open up the
advance filter box.
 Select the second option which is copy to another
location. The below mentioned fields will be auto filled by
excel. Just specify the location for copy to option and hit
OK
 The output so received will be data from the initial
data range but, if the initial data range is changed or
edited, the output will not change.

Data Analysis
Data Analysis is a process of collecting, transforming,
cleaning, and modeling data with the goal of discovering
the required information. The results so obtained are
communicated, suggesting conclusions, and supporting
decision-making. Data visualization is at times used to
portray the data for the ease of discovering the useful
patterns in the data. The terms Data Modeling and Data
Analysis mean the same.
Data Analysis Process consists of the following phases that
are iterative in nature −

 Data Requirements Specification

 Data Collection
 Data Processing
 Data Cleaning
 Data Analysis
 Communication

Pivot Tables
A pivot table is a data summarization tool that is used in
the context of data processing. Pivot tables are used to
summarize, sort, reorganize, group, count, total or
average data stored in a database. It allows its users to
transform columns into rows and rows into columns. It
allows grouping by any data field. Pivot tables are the
perfect solution when you need to summarize and
analyze large amounts of data. In just a few clicks, you
 have access to a whole new set of information. As already
said, spreadsheets are one solution to create pivot tables,
but the best tools don’t require to write complicated
formulas or to start all over again every time you want to
organize the data differently. A drag and drop option to
move your fields around is the easiest way to go.

Create a PivotTable
1) Select the cells you want to create a PivotTable from.
2) Select Insert > PivotTable.

3) Under Choose the data that you want to analyze, Select a

table or range.
4) In Table/Range, verify the cell range.

5) Under Choose where you want the PivotTable report to

be placed, select New worksheet to place the PivotTable in
a new worksheet or Existing worksheet and then select the
location you want the PivotTable to appear.
6) Select OK.

What-If Analysis
What-if analysis in Excel is used to test more than one value
for a different formula on the basis of multiple scenarios.
For this, we must have data of such kind where for a single
parameter we would have 2 or more values for comparison.
Go to the Data menu tab and click on the What-If Analysis
option under the Forecast section. Select the scenario
manager and give a scenario name and select the cell which
contains the scenario value. By this, we can enter multiple
scenarios. Now from the Goal Seek option from What-If
Analysis select the value we want to compare.

There are three different kinds of tolls in What if analysis.

Those are:
1. Scenario manager
Scenario Manager is a what-if analysis tool available in
excel which works on different scenarios provided to it, it
uses a group of ranges which impact on a certain output
and can be used for making different scenarios such as well
bad and medium depending on the values present in the
range which impact the result.

2. Goal Seek
The Goal Seek Excel function (often referred to as What-if-
Analysis) is a method of solving for a desired output by
changing an assumption that drives it. The function
essentially uses a trial and error approach to back-solving
the problem by plugging in guesses until it arrives at the
answer. For example, if the formula for revenue is equal to
the number of units sold multiplied by the selling price, Goal
Seek can determine how many units have to be sold to reach
$1 million of revenue, if the selling price is known. The
function is extremely useful for performing sensitivity
analysis in financial modeling.

3. Data table
Data tables in excel are used to compare variables and their
impacts on the result and overall data, data table is a type
of what-if analysis tool in excel and is present in the data
tab in the what-if analysis, this tool asks for a row input and
a column input table to make a data table and the impact is
calculated by one variable or two-variable data table.

Simple Marksheet Created Using Excel

Fig: Sample Screenshot of Marks Ledger created using MS-Excel

Formulas Used to generate Marks Ledger in MS-

Excel

TOTAL =SUM(F2:J2)

RESULT =IF(AND(F2>=50,G2>=50,H2>=50,I2>=50,J2>=50),"PASS
","FAIL")

PERCENTAGE =(K2/500)*100

DIVISION =IF(M2>=80,"DISTINCTION",IF(M2>=60,"FIRST
DIVISION",IF(M2>=50,"SECOND
DIVISION",IF(M2>=40,"THIRD DIVISION","FOURTH
 DIVISION"))))

RANK =RANK(M2,M2:M11)

Presentation
The presentation can be defined as the practice of showing
the content of a topic along with explaining it to a specific
audience. It is a collection of information and data which
has to be delivered to an audience or learners. It helps both
the speaker and the participants to learn about the topic
more easily. For example, a PowerPoint presentation is a
collection of electronic slides which consists of text, images,
tables, graphics, video and sound which leads both the
presenter and the audience to remember more accurately
and uncomplicatedly.

Features of Presentation Software:

 Different forms of information as text, audio, graphics,
video and animation can be presented.
 Different forms of tables, charts and objects can be
embedded in the slides.
  Provides theme, design template, slide layout,
readymade template, etc.
 Provides custom animation, custom set up show and
slide transition.

Function of Presentation Software:

 An editor allowing text to be inserted and formatted.
 A method to insert and manipulate graphic images.
 A slide shows system for content display.

Basic Fundamentals of Presentation:

 Slide: A slide refers to a single page of presentation
which is created by software such as PowerPoint or
Open Office Impress. A presentation is composed of
several slides.
 Animation: An animation is a simulation of movement
that is created by displaying a series of pictures or
frames. It is a visual effect which is applied to
individual items on the slide such as titles, bullet points
or graphics. It is one of the major components of
Multimedia presentation. Cartoon on TV is an example
of animation.
 Slide Transition: Slide transition refers to the visual
movement of one slide change to other. Though both
animation and transition mean movement, transition
 is different from animation as animation refers to the
movement of the objects on the slide whereas,
transition means the movement of the whole slide.
 The PowerPoint Window: PowerPoint is a
presentation software package. PowerPoint helps in
the creation of slide shows easily. Slide shows are used
to illustrate presentations in a more effective ways.

To Open MS PowerPoint:
When you open PowerPoint 2007, a similar screen to the
below figure appears.

Fig: MS Powerpoint

1. The Microsoft Office Button: It lies in the upper-left

corner of PowerPoint 2007. On clicking the button, a
menu appears. The menu can be used to create new files,
open existing files, save files and perform many other
tasks.
2. The Quick Access Toolbar: It is next to the Microsoft
Office Button. It provides access to the commands that is
frequently used in the computer. Save, Undo and Redo
appears on it by default. Save is used to save files, Undo is
used to roll back the action just taken and Redo allows
reapplying of an action which is just rolled back.
3. The Title Bar: Located at the top in the center of the
PowerPoint window, it displays the name of the
presentation on which work is going on. Presentations’
names are presented sequentially by default.
4. The Ribbon: The ribbon is used to issue the commands to
tell PowerPoint of what to do. It is located below the
Quick Access Toolbar, near the top of the window.
5. The Status bar: It generally appears at the bottom of the
window. It displays the number of currently displayed
slides, the total number of slides and the name of the
design template in use or the background’s name.
6. The Outline tab displays the text contained in your
presentation.
7. The Slides tab displays a thumbnail of all your slides. To
view the slide in the Slide pane, click the thumbnail.
8. The View buttons lie near to the bottom of the screen.
View buttons are used to change between Normal view,
Slider Sorter view and the Slide Show view.
 Slide Sorter View: It shows thumbnails of all slides.
Here, slides can be easily added, deleted or change
their order.
 Normal View : It splits the screen into 3 major sections;
the Outline and Slides tabs, the Slide pane and the Notes
area. The Slide pane lies in the center of the window and
shows a large view of the currently working slide
whereas; the Notes area is below the Slide pane.
 Slide show: This is used in the final presentation when
slides are to be viewed. When in Slide Show view;
Esc : Returns you to the view you were previously using.

Left Clicking : Moves you to the next slide or animation

effect.

Right Clicking : Opens a pop-up menu which can be used

to navigate the slides, select a pointer,
add speaker notes and mark your presentation.

Zoom : Zoom allows zooming in and zooming out on the

window.

Vertical Horizontal splitter ball : The Vertical and

Horizontal bars help in changing the size of panes.

Minimize button : This button is used to remove a window

from the view and pin it on the taskbar.
Maximize button: This button causes the window to fill
the screen.

Close button : It is used to exit from the window and close

the program.

Starting PowerPoint 2007:

Steps
- Click the Start button in the lower-left corner of the
screen and go to all programs. Then, go to Microsoft Office
and click on Microsoft PowerPoint 2007.
-Double click quickly on the PowerPoint 2007 icon on the
screen.
 Create a slide:
-Click the words ‘Click to add title’ on the blank area.

 Save the presentation:

-Click the save icon in the above picture in the title bar
or,
-Use Save As option to save the file.

 Add new slides:

-Click New slide in the Ribbon.
-To choose a format for the slide, use the drop down
menu under New Slide.
Thank YOu