CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

How Does Earthquake Happen?

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in
several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought
great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This
sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two
two plates of rock are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide
smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving.

After a while, the rock plates break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the
rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
How Does a Kite Fly?

A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame.
Due to its light material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into
the wind.

To fly, a kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When
wind travels over the surface of the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One
stream of the air goes over the kite while the second stream goes under the
kite. The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the kite. The
lower stream hits the kite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high
pressure. The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure
area has a pulling effect.

The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into
the air.

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
How a cell phone works

A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A
cell phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we
can communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone
for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to
communicate in voice, written and data.

A cell phone or in long term “cellular telephone’ works by transmitting signals

of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching
station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.

Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is
directed connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up
by the towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of
wire-based telephone network.

The towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can
receive the signal from short distance and the others can receive more
distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given
area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.

The Process Of How Lunar Eclipses Happen

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Super total lunar eclipse red new blood is a rare phenomenon occurring due at the time of
the occurrence of the total lunar eclipse, the Moon‘s position was in the position of the
closest approach to the Earth, thus making it seem larger and brighter than usual, and at the
same time only red color of sunlight to penetrate to reflected by the Earth’s atmosphere. But
unfortunately Indonesia can not enjoy because this time the only Lunar Eclipse can be seen
starting from the Eastern Pacific, Americas, Europe, Africa and Western Asia. the places of
occurrence–Eclipse–Moon–total-Sep-2015

the position of the Sun–Earth-Moon moments-process–occurrence–Eclipse–Moon

Lunar Eclipses can occur because when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon in the
position of the parallel Earth, blocking direct sunlight to the Moon so that the Moon’s surface
covered by the Earth’s shadow.

Lunar Eclipses can be divided into three types:

A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes right in the area of the darkest area,
namely the umbra of the shadow is also known as the shadow in this core, the core of the
Earth‘s shadow.

A partial lunar eclipse occurs when only part of the Moon passes through the Earth’s umbra
area.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the penumbra region of penumbra,
i.e. areas in which there is still a light shadow, also known as the shadow blur, shadow areas
in this case escapes Earth.

Type–Moon-Eclipse–partial–penumbra-total

How To View The Process Of Occurrence Of Lunar Eclipses

Each year it is predicted lunar eclipses can occur two to five times. Total lunar eclipses are
more rare. Another case with solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be enjoyed with the naked
eye so it is safe to be seen directly and is not dangerous.

To be able to enjoy the Eclipse of the moon can clearly, using a telescope or binoculars

How’s paper made?

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
General Statement

Woodchipping is a processing of obtaining pulp and product of paper from

trees. The Trees are from forest and using selected cut down from it called a
coupe.

A Squence of Explanation

Then the branches of the trees will be cut and taken to the mill. The logs’ bark
will be removed from it and it will be taken to the chipper. Cut them into small
pieces. The small pieces of it or called woodchips are screened in purpose to
removed the dirt and others impurities.

After this stage, we can directly export this pieces or we can continue to next
step in making paper by chemicals and heat (To whitening and removed from
water content).

And finally, the pulp which is madeinto paper, roll out and cut as the size.

How chocolate is made

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter
the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial
regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia.
The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side
the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that
they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by
roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different places
have different qualities and flavor. So they are often shorted and blended to
produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove
the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The
blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate
liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different.
However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It
is pure bitter chocolate.

How Venus Eclipse Happens

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On May 16, 2010, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare
natural phenomenon. It was Venus eclipse. It was very rare amazing natural
event. It was reported that the Venus eclipse will seen again in the future in
2050. Do you know how this rare Venus eclipse happens?

Well, actually Venus eclipse is like Sun eclipse. Venus eclipses occurs when
the position of the earth, moon and Venus is parallel. Venus planet will slowly
disappear for a moment because it is covered the surface of the Moon. Venus
planet seems to move to the back side of the Moon.

The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the sky. That is
why, it is not unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Venus. In fact,
the moon appears somewhere near it about once a month. However, most
people don’t see these events because they are visible in the evening sky only
half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The apparent
closeness varies from month to month as well.

How do seasons happen?

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably noticed that it gets warmer
in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season.
However do we know how these seasons change?

Seasons happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts
back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tilts
toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. this condition is what we call
summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As
a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what
we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the
northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December,
January and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In
the other hand, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of
June, July and August. The regions are like South America and Australia. How
does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times
because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at
different times.

Photosynthesis

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs
in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis
means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to
combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical
compounds. How is the light used in photosynthesis?

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called

chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small
bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn
form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of
photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with
carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water
molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen,
sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat,
protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life.
Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced
these compounds.

SNOW

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Snow, an amazing natural phenomenon: my love as warm Snow Febdian Rusydi (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)
At this time in Europe and the northern regions of the Earth the middle of winter. One of the interesting
phenomenon of the moment winter is snow. Be unique because the ice crystals are soft and white as cotton it
just comes naturally in the land of the four seasons or in places that are very high as Jayawijaya mountain peaks
on Papuan. Why snow naturally could not present in tropical regions such as our country?

The process of the formation of snow

To answer that, we can start the process of occurrence of snow. Starting from water vapor that gather in Earth’s
atmosphere, the water vapor cools to the point of condensation (i.e. the temperature at which the gas turns into
liquid or solid forms), then rotate to form clouds. At the beginning of the formation of clouds, its mass is much
smaller than the mass of the air so that the clouds float in the air just like wooden beams which floats on the
surface of the water. However, after the steam collection continues to grow and merge into the cloud, its mass
also increases, resulting in a when air was not able to hold him again. The clouds broke and the water particles
ever fallen to Earth.
Water particles that fall it was pure water (not doped by other particles). Pure water does not freeze in
temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius, because at the temperature of liquid phase changes to solid. To make pure
water freezing temperature required is lower than 0 degrees Celsius. This also happens when we menjerang
water, water evaporates when the temperature above 100 degrees Celsius because at 100 degrees Celsius is the
change of phase from liquid to vapor. To speed up the change of the phase of a substance, usually added special
substances, for example, salt is used to accelerate the phase of melting ice to water.
Usually the air temperature just below the clouds is below 0 degrees Celsius (air temperature depending on the
height above sea level). But, the low temperature alone is not enough to create snow. When particles of such
pure water in contact with air, then the pure water of distortion by other particles. There are certain particles that
function accelerates the freezing phase, so that pure water is rapidly becoming the ice crystals.
Pollutant particles involved in this process is called nukleator, in addition to functioning as the freezing phase
Accelerator, also the adhesive antaruap water. So the water particles (which are not pure anymore) joined
together with other water particles to form larger crystals.
If the air temperature is not to melt the ice crystals, ice crystals falling to the ground. And here’s the snow! If
not, the ice crystals melt and get to the soil in the form of rain water.
In many cases in the world, the process of the decline of the rain always starts with the snow some when she fell
from the clouds, but then melted away when crossing the hot air. Sometimes, if the temperature is very low, the
ice crystals can form small balls of ice and sleet. Bandung city included relatively frequently experience hail.
So, this is why the snow was very hard down naturally in the tropical regions that have relatively high air
temperatures than areas that are currently experiencing winter.
The unique structure of the snow
Snow Crystal has a unique structure, no snow crystals that have the same shape in this world (see figure
URSnowflakesWilsonBentley.jpg) is like a fingerprint. Imagine, the snow‘s been coming down since the Earth
was created up to now, and none of the snow has the same crystal structure!
The uniqueness of the snow is white in colour. If it’s snowing, the expanse of the Earth as white, clean, and
seemed to be glowing. This is due to the Crystal structure of the snow allows snow to reflect all the colors to all
directions in the same amount, then came the white color. The same phenomenon can also be seen when we see
white sand, salt chunk, chunks of sugar, mist, cloud, and white paint.
In addition, the decline in snow provide warmth. This can be understood from the concept of the effective
temperature. Effective temperature is the temperature felt by our skin, is influenced by three physical quantities:
the measured temperature (by the thermometer), the speed of movement of the air, and the air humidity.
Effective temperature is typically used to determine the comfort zone. On the beach, the measured temperature
can be high, but due to the high winds we still feel comfortable. By the time the snow fell heavy, humidity rises
and this influenced the effective temperature so on one condition we felt warm.

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

The information on how roman roads were constructed is to give an example of explanation
text

Contoh ke 2 How Chocolate is made; an Example of Explanation text kalau wacana bahasa
Inggris ini pasti semua suka. Hem ya tentang asal usul heheh coklat yang lezat. Teks ini
menjawab pertanyaan bagaiamana coklat itu diproduksi.

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

The process of making chocolate from cocoa tree to chocolate is written for an example of
explanation text

Contoh ke 3 Seasons as Example of Explanation Text tentang pertanyaan ilmiah bagaimana

terjadinya musim didunia ini. Kalau di kita ada 2 musim kemasu dan penghujuan kalau di

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
belaan bumi yan glain ada 4 musim bagimana itu terjadi? Teks explanation yang akan
menjawabnya

How seasons change from summer, autumn, winter, and spring is written as an example of
explanation text

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Contoh ke 4 Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about EarthquakeT hal yang paling
mengerikan ketika ada benacana alam. Salah satunya adalah gempa bumi. Bagaimana gempa
bumi itu terjadi? Baca contoh teks explanation berikut!

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Contoh ke 5 Example of Explanation Text – How a Plane Flies berikut adalah contoh
explanation yang paling terkenal untuk belajar jenis teks bahasa Inggris explanation.
Pertanyaan bagaimana pesawat terbang itu bisa terbang tinggi di udara dijelasa dengan
singkat namun detil heheh. Pingin tahu, baca ini!

Explaining the plane can fly is the best example of explanation text about HOW

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Teks explanation ke 6 Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Bali Island Ini adalah
salah satu jenis explanation text yang cukup unik karean tidak membahas bagaimana suatu
hal itu terjadi. Contoh teks  tentang pulau Bali ini menjelasakan pertanyaan KENAPA Bali
itu terkenal

Menajawab pertanyaan “Why is Bali famous for tourism?” adalah contoh explanation text
bahasa Inggris

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Contoh teks explanation ke 7 Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight; an
explanation text teks ini berusaha menjelaskan bagiaman lama siang hari di musim satu
dengan yang lainnya itu berbeda. Penjelasannya baca aja sendiri hehe.

Anwering the question “why is daylight in summer longer than in winter?” is an example of
explanation text

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Teks expalanation ke 7 Do You Know Why Eiffel Tower was Built?; Explanation Sample
menjelasakan alasan kenapa tower Eiffel itu dibagun pada jamannya.  Sama seperti contoh
explanation tentnag Bali diatas, teks tentang menawa Eiffel ini juga lebih pada penjelasan
pada alasan dibangunnya.

The reason behind bulding Eiffel Tower is an example of explanation text

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
How Does Rain Happen

We all know that rain is primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing
suitable condition for diverse ecosystems. Rain is water that descends from the sky through
several processes until the rain occurs. Do you know how does rain happen?

Sumber gambar: reference.com

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of water circle includes the
sun heating the Earth’s water surface and causing the water surface to evaporate. Earth’s
water includes water from lake, river, and ocean. Then, the water vapor experiences
condensation and becomes condensed vapor. Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so
that when the air temperature is higher, it makes the droplets gather, condensed and formed
into clouds. The presence of winds helps clouds move and gather in other places that have
lower temperatures. At that time, the droplets become heavier and unstoppable and cause the
droplets to fall so that there is rain.

If the droplets drop in an area with very cold temperatures, the droplets will drop as snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This
is called Virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

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 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Butterfly Metamorphosis

            To grow into an adult, butterflies go through 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa and
adult. Depending on the type of butterfly, the life cycle of a butterfly may take
anywhere from one month to a whole year.

A butterfly starts life as a very small, round, oval or cylindrical egg. The egg hatches
and the young one called larvae or caterpillar comes out of the egg. The caterpillar
first feeds on the egg shell from which it is born. It then starts feeding on the leaves
and starts to grow. Its exoskeleton (skin) does not stretch or grow, so it grows by
“molting” (sheding the outgrown skin) several times while it grows. As soon as a
caterpillar is done growing and it has reached its full length/weight, it forms itself into
a pupa, also known as a chrysalis. The pupa remains motionless in the chrysalis. In the
chrysalis, the pupa undergoes a series of changes. After about 15 days, a beautiful
adult butterfly emerges out of the chrysalis. When the butterfly comes out, it’s wings
are small and wet, then the butterfly pumps fluids into them to make them strong and
to expand. After a few hours, the wings become strong enough and the butterfly is
able to fly.

MAN GUBUG
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How Does Car Engine Work?

A car can move because it has engine. Most of cars in Indonesia use gasoline to power the
engine. Have you ever imagine how does the car engine work? The car engine provides
energy for the car’s movement by converting the potential energy in gasoline and oxygen into
thermal energy. Then, the thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy that allow
the vehicle to accelerate. The following steps will explain the whole process happened inside
a car engine.

First, gasoline and air mixture is placed into a cylinder which is fitted with a piston that can
move up and down inside. After that, the piston moves up and squeezes the fuel, making it
heat up. Now we have hot air and gas waiting for a little spark to light it up. The spark plug
do its part on this step, producing an electric spark which makes the hot fuel and oxygen from
the air explode, changing the potential energy into thermal energy in the form of expanding
hot gases. The hot gases push on the piston forcing it to move up and down. These movement
is converted into mechanical energy that allow the wheel to spin.

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Contoh 1 :

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be

thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers
to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and
uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires
less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing
the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution
produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper,
and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper
recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags
and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water
and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is
screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat
where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed
off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new
wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per
month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill
space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

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 Contoh 2 :

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we'll enter
the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you're eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial
regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree
produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree's seeds,
also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the
chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour.
Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often
sorted and blanded to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed.
Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are
blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate
liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not
different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It's
pure bitter chocolate.

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
 Contoh 3 :
Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to build up
new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed
into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This
process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up
into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the
mouth. Saliva contain digestive juices which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed
easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into
stomach. Here, the food is mixed with juices secreted by the cells in stomach for several
hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All time the muscular walls of the intestine
are squeezing, mixing and moving the onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi
(microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

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 Contoh 4 :

The market is called a floating market because the trade takes place on
boats - in Indonesia they are called klotok and jukung. This market has
existed for over 400 years. In the past, people from inland areas brought
their agricultural produce or handicrafts to sell. They bartered with
people from the coastal areas. Nowadays people can buy things such as
fruit, vegetables, traditional cakes and even clothes from this 'pasar
terapung'. Another unique feature of these markets is the time of trading;
it begins around 5 a.m. and finishes at 9 a.m.

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 Contoh 5 :
A planet is a body in space that revolves around a star. There are nine planets
in our solar system, and these nine planets travel around the sun. The names of the
planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and
Pluto.

Planets travel in orbit, around the stars. All of the planets of the solar system
revolve ill elliptical orbits. In other Words, their orbits are like large, flat circles. The
time that it takes a planet to make one revolution around the sun is called a year.

The Greeks were the first people to recognize and give names to some of the
planets. The word planet comes from a Greek word meaning wanderer. If a person
wanders, tills means that he goes from one place to another and does not have a
home. The Greeks thought that planets "wandered" in the sky. However, modern
scientists can predict the movement of the planets very accurately.

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Contoh 6 :
A magazine is a periodical containing a variety of articles and general illustration of
an entertaining or an instructive nature. Magazines are designed to be of interest either to
the general public or groups of people with specialized subject matters. The essential
difference between the magazine and the newspaper is a physical one: the magazine is
smaller in size and often bound in pamphlet form.

Magazine production involves teamwork. This means that many people have to work
together to produce the magazine you have in your hand. But one key person is the
magazine editor. If some one has a manuscript he wants to publish, he will send or submit it
to the editor of the magazine he likes. The magazine editor, usually the editor-in-chief, will
read it and make recommendation so that the manuscript can be

published.

Another task of a magazine editor is to consider whether the article will be part of
series. Will it have photographs or illustration? will it be in full color, two or three colors, or
black and white? Once the decision

is made, the work of an illustrator or photographer begins. Preparing manuscripts for the
magazine is hard work to do. After everything is all right, they are sent to the typesetters.
When the galleys (or typeset text) come back, they must be carefully read. This is the job of
a proofreader to find out whether or not there are mistakes in typesetting. Corrections are
made if there are mistakes.

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 Contoh 7 :

MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

In their famous Indonesian – English dictionary, Prof. Woyowasito and the

late Mr. Purwodarminto translated the word ‘arisan‘ as a saving club, while Prof. Dr.
Bowman, a Dutch sociologist, defined it as “ROSCA”, the abbreviation of Rotating
Saving Credit Association.

Arisan plays an important role in Indonesian society. We can save our money
and someday we can withdraw our saving. Or we can get a certain sum of money as
a loan, and repay it in installments, without any interest. We may say that we can get
credit without difficulty and formal procedures. The money intended for arisan is
commonly regarded as a savings.

The purpose of arisan is to strengthen the bonds among participants. It shows

the spirit of mutual assistance. Every member has the same chance to win the lucky
number. He or she then will subsequently be the host or hostess for the next
meeting.

Arisan is not only found among Indonesians. I believe that it is also popular in
many other parts of the world. Of course it has different name. The number of arisan
members is not limited.

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Contoh 8 :

Do you know the moon? At night you can see it shinning brightly in the
sky. The moon is one of then objects in space. Because people are curious
about many things, they study space and the things in it. The science that
studies these things is called astronomy. Astronomy deals with objects
such as the sun, moon, planets and even stars and other objects outside
the solar system.

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 Contoh 9  :
Adoption is a process by which people take a child who was not born to them and
raise him or her as a member of their family. By law, adopted children differ from
foster children. An adopted child has all the legal rights of a member of the family
that raise him or her. A foster child does not.

Parents place their children up for adoptions for many reasons. Some
parents feel they can not adequately care for their off springs because of health or
economic conditions. Some others, especially unwed parent, may not want to raise a
child.

But there are couples who can not have their children of their own.
Adoption gives them opportunity to raise a family. They can get one from an
adoption agency if they have all the requirements asked.

State laws prohibit adoption agencies from revealing the identity of the
natural parents to the adoptive parents. These laws also forbid agencies from
disclosing the identity of the adoptive parents to the natural parents. In some states,
the law permit adopted persons who are at least 18 years old to see their birth
certificates including the natural parents’ names.

On the contrary, many adopted people worked to change the laws. They
argue that people have a right to know their identity. They said that keeping secret
their adoptions records violate their right. On the other hand, many people feel
adoption records should be kept secret. If not, natural parents might change their
minds years later and take the child away from the parents who raised him or her.

Some experts advise that a child should know of the adoptions by the age of
6 or 7. Surveys have shown that most adopted children developed normally.

 Contoh 10 :

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Very Fast Trains

A very fast train is an electrified train that runs on a dedicated line. A very fast train has an
average speed of more than 250 km/h. It offers an obvious alternative to cars on crowded
motorways and to air travel on crowded air routes.

Very fast trains have been around for a long while. In Japan, the first very fast train, the so-
called bullet train, first ran in 1964. Its route, the Tokaido line, was from Tokyo to Osaka, a distance
of 515 km. It achieved speeds of up to 300 km/h. The other national super train, the TGV (Train
a’Grande Vitesse: meaning high-speed train), ran in France for the first time in 1983, on Paris to Lyon
route. Super trains are generally expected to run at an average speed 270km/h. Spain’s super train,
the Ave, has reached a top speed of 500km/h. No wonder very fast trains have spread throughout
Europe, and the bullet train system has been extended in Japan.

How are very fast trains able to attain such high speed? First of all, they have an efficient
supply of energy through overhead electric lines. They have aerodynamic design to limit wind
resistance at high speeds. Curves and climbs have been kept to a minimum. They also travel on lines
especially built for their high speeds – there are no slower, more conventional trains on super train
lines.

Very fast trains are smooth-running and quiet. They have few delays. For examples, the
average time for TGV trains to remain at stations is just a few minutes.

That is, enough time to permit passengers to alight from and board the train. Planes travel at much
faster speed than super trains, yet passengers spend a lot of time getting to airports, boarding the
plane, and then leaving the airport and traveling to their local destination at the other end. On some
routes in Europe it is faster to travel by super train than by plane.

There are no super trains in Australia because of our vast distances and very small
population. Elsewhere in the world, super trains travel between centers of great population.
However, Queensland does have a tilt train, the next step down from the super trains. It achieves
high speeds because it tilts as it comes into curves. As a result, the train does not have to slow down
so much. However, it does not travel on a specially constructed line.

Contoh 11 :

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Facsimile

A facsimile or fax machine resembles a small photocopier. It is a device capable of

transmitting or receiving an exact copy of a page of printed or pictorial matter over
telephone lines, in usually, less than 60 seconds.

To send a document, the user inserts it into the machine and dials the telephone
number of the receiving fax machine. After the connection is made, an electronic scanner on
the transmitting machine moves across the page and converts the image into a set of
electronic signals. These signals travel over the telephone lines to the receiving fax machine.
That machine converts the electronic signals back into an image of the original document
and then prints a copy.

Most of contemporary fax machines conform to a set of standards, known as Group

III, that were implemented in 1980, and that requires digital image scanning and data
compression. Machine built to conform to Group III standard transmit the data at a
maximum 9,600 bits per second (bps).

News services often use facsimile to send news stories and photographs to
newspapers and television station. Banks, laws firms and other businesses use facsimile to
send copies of documents to clients and other organizations.

Nowadays, fax machine can be used to receive a copy of a page sent through email
and the machine can even send it to e-mail. Latest science inventions cover real bigger
photocopiers that can produce copies of documents directly sent to e-mail and, of course,
to the fax machine in another part of the world. Facsimile has truly gone through great
changes of role as just as simple photocopiers.

(Adapted from Window on the World 2)

 Contoh 12 :

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
In their famous Indonesian – English dictionary, Prof. Woyowasito and the late Mr.
Purwodarminto translated the word ‘arisan‘ as a saving club, while Prof. Dr. Bowman, a
Dutch sociologist, defined it as “ROSCA”, the abbreviation of Rotating Saving Credit
Association.

Arisan plays an important role in Indonesian society. We can save our money and
someday we can withdraw our saving. Or we can get a certain sum of money as a loan, and
repay it in installments, without any interest. We may say that we can get credit without
difficulty and formal procedures. The money intended for arisan is commonly regarded as a
savings.

The purpose of arisan is to strengthen the bonds among participants. It shows the spirit
of mutual assistance. Every member has the same chance to win the lucky number. He or
she then will subsequently be the host or hostess for the next meeting.

Arisan is not only found among Indonesians. I believe that it is also popular in many
other parts of the world. Of course it has different name. The number of arisan members is
not limited.

Making Paper from Wood chips

(General statement)

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Do you know that paper is made from wood? Ya, paper that we use in our daily life is
made from wood or tree. The process of making paper from wood is quite long. The
process is called wood-chipping. Wood-chipping is a process used to obtain pulp
and paper products from forest trees.

(Sequence of explanation)
The wood-chipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of
the forest called a coupe. Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and
then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the
logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called wood chips. The
wood chips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they
are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp
is then bleached and the water content is removed.

(Closing)
Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

How Chocolate is Made

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing
world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in
place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the
size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree’s seeds. They are also known as coco
beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped
to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts processing by roasting the beans to bring
out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So
they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of
the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are grounded to
make it liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao
beans are half fat, which is why they ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

Flood

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

General Statement: Flooding is a natural phenomenon that usually happens in

a lot of areas drained by the river flow. In simple terms, it can be defined as the
presence of flood water in a vast region that covers the area of the earth’s
surface.

Sequenced of explanations: Flooding process itself occurs when the rains

come and cause water sources such as rivers, seas, lakes, and ditches no longer
able to accommodate the water drop. The barren land covered with trees
without overflowing water will speed up the process of proficiency level,
because the trees that should absorb the water have been used as a furniture
material. When the water source is no longer able to accommodate, the water
will overflow and flow into residential areas and have a big impact. Nowadays,
flood is an annually happening in some big cities in Indonesia, especially
Jakarta.

Closing: So, that’s the explanation of flood and how does it happen.

Making Paper from Woodchips

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation
 

General statement

Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The
woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest
called a coupe.

 Squence of explanation

Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At
the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them
into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and
other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by
chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Closing

Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

How is Food Digested?

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

The food we aet is broken down and used by our bodies. This breaking down of food is called
digestion.

You may have heared your stomach gurgling after you have eaten . the stomach, teeth, tongue
and intestines all help to digests food.

when you chew your food, digestion begins. the food is pushed by the tongue to the trapoloor
at the back of the throath called the oesophagus. it then moves to the stomach. where
digestive juice make it smaller. in the small intestine. the goodness is ‘soaked up’. Finally
water is taken out in the large intestine.

The goodness that is left can now be carried arround the body by the blood to be used for
energy, repair and growth.

Understanding the Process of Tsunami

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

In Indonesia in particular, we are very close to the word “Tsunami”. Indeed, natural disasters,
this one never put deep scars for our nation. A few years ago, thousands of lives floated
swept the Tsunami in Banda Aceh. Indonesia mourns, the world mourns. Tsunami indeed
does not belong to Indonesia alone. All the countries bordering the sea and have a high
potential for earthquake-prone hit by tsunami. One of them is the digdaya country with
technology, Japan. Unfortunately, despite the tsunami is already so familiar, but not a few of
us who do not know the true understanding of the tsunami. Such is the case with the tsunami
occurrence process itself. This article tries to answer the second question.
What Is A Tsunami?
The word “Tsunami” itself is derived from the Japan which means a huge wave (Tsu: ports
and Nami: wave). An agreed definition of Adapan many people are of the tsunami is a natural
disaster caused by the rising tide of the sea to the Mainland with a high speed due to the
earthquake which was centered under the ocean. The quake could have been caused by a
landslide, ground plates shifted, a volcano erupts and the meteor that crashed in the ocean.
This usually happens when the tsunami magnitude earthquake exceeded the 7 on the richter
scale. The tsunami is quite dangerous, especially for those who live in the coastal
environment. With great power, he will sweep away what was spent.
The Process Of Occurrence Of Tsunamis
If talking about the process of the occurrence of a tsunami, then we certainly should start
from the cause, i.e. the area of the earthquake in the sea. Tsunami always starts a movement
of terrific that customarily we call the earthquake. Although it is known that there are many
kinds of quakes, but 90% of the tsunami caused by the movement of the plates in the belly of
the Earth happens to be located there in the ocean. However, it should be also mentioned,
history never recorded the terrible tsunami due to the eruption of Krakatoa.
The earthquake that occurred in the belly of the Earth would have resulted in the emergence
of pressure towards the vertical so that the ocean floor will rise and fall in a short span of
time. This will then trigger an imbalance on the ocean water is then pushed into a large wave
that moves mainland region.
With great power on the water wave, the fair only if the buildings on the Mainland could be
swept away easily. This tsunami waves propagate at speeds unimaginable. He could reach
500 to 1000 kilometres per hour on the sea. And by the time it reaches shore, its speed is
reduced to 50 to 30 kilometers per hour. Despite the diminished rapidly, but the pace could
have caused severe damage to humans.
If we observe the process of occurrence of tsunamis, of course we understand that there is no
human intervention in it. As such, we do not have control in order to prevent these causes.
However, with maximum vigilance and preparation, we can minimize the impact of the
tsunami itself. Good examples already shown Japan. Though prone to tsunamis, but
awareness of its people is able to suppress the number of casualties due to the disaster.

MAN GUBUG
 CLIPING MAN GUBUG Text Explanation

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is

the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting
together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon
dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds. How is
the light used in photosynthesis? The light used in photosynthesis is
absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in
a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In
chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into
hydrogen and oxygen. What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let
me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps,
the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple
sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From
sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green
plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex
compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy
that is needed to produced these compounds.

MAN GUBUG