azrovneba

azrovnebis ganmateba
sagnobrivi sinamdvilis SemecnebaSi azrovneba yvelaze wamyvan rols asrulebs. kerZod,
igi emsaxureba sinmdvilis gagebas, misi arsebiTi mniSvnelobisa da kanonzomierebebis wvdomas.
aRqmisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic konkretul saganTa TvalsaCino Tvisebebs asaxavs, azrovneba
sinamdvilis asaxavs ganzogadebuli formiT, im zogadi arsebiTi mniSvnelobis safuZvelze,
rac saerToa saganTa mocemuli klasisaTvis. mag: Cven yoveldRiurad aRviqvamT uamrav
sxavsaxva adamians. TvalsaCinod avsaxavT yvela maTganis individualur niSanTvisebebs, magram
is Tu ar aris adamiani saerTod e.i. raSi mdgomareobs adamianebis arsi, mxolod azrovnebiT
miiwvdomeba. aseve SeiZleba aRviqvaT mravali calkeuli movlena, xolo kavSiri am movlenebsa
da sagnebs Soris, kerZod maT Soris arsebuli mimarTebebi mxolod azrovnebiT miiwvdomeba.
mag: rodesac gazafxulze haeris temperatura matulobs da Tovli dnobas iwyebs, orive am
movlenas TvalsaCinod aRviqvamT, magram aRqmaSi SeuZlebelia mocemuli iyos is kavSiri,
romelic am movlenebs Soris arsebobs. Tovlis dnoba, rom daTbobam gamoiwvia da am
movlenebs Soris rom mizizSedegobrivi damokidebuleba arsebobs, amas mxolod azrovnebis
meSveobiT vwvdebiT.
arsebiTi niSanTvisebebi, sinamdvilis ganzogadebuli asxva da mimarTeba wvdoma,
adamians saSualebas aZlevs gadaWras iseTi axali amocanebi, romlebic aqamde arasdros ar
Sexvedria da Sesabamisad romelTa gadaWrac SeuZlebelia mxolod im informaciis niadagze,
romelsac aRqma an mexsiereba gvawvdis. aqedan gamomdinare azrovneba ar aris amocanebis
gadaWris procesi. azrovnebasTan mxolod iq gvaqvs saqme, sadac adamiani principulad axali
amocanis, anu problemis winaSe dgas. problemis gareSe azrovneba ar arsebobs. azrovneba
iwyeba problemis wamoWriT da mTavrdeba misi gadawyvetiT. problema anu axali amocana
gagebuli unda iyos farTo mniSvnelobiT. igi SeiZleba exebodes aRqmaSi mocemuli
konkretuli sagnis gagebas, anu misi arsis wvdomas, sinamdvileSi raime axali kanonzomierebis
aRmoCenas, praqtikuli saqmianobis mizanSewonilad gagrZelebis saWiroebas da a.S. yvela am
SemTxvevaSi adamiani wyvets yovelgvar danarCen moqmedebas da svams kiTxvas: ra aris es, raSia
saqme? swored es kiTxvebi aris azrovnebis fsiqologiuri safuZveli. azrovnebis procesi,
rogorc iTqva am kiTxvebidan iwyeba. aRniSnuli kiTxvebis dawyeba imas niSnavs, rom adamianma
gaacnobiera mis winaSe mdgari problema, dainaxa, rom sagnobriv sinamdvileSi ar aris raRac
misTvis aqamde ucnobi kanonzomiereba, romelic unda gamoarkvios. am fsiqologiur aqts
obieqtivacia ewodeba, e.i. Sesaswavli sagani subieqtis gancdaSi gamoikveTa, rogorc Seswavlis
obieqti.
 azrovnebis ZiriTadi operaciebi
imisTvis, rom sinamdvile aresebiTi niSnebis safuZvelze iqnas asaxuli, rogorc viciT
azrovnebis procesi unda ganxorcieldes. am process garkveuli kanonzomiereba axasiaTebs.
igi xorcieldeba mTeli rigi gonebrivi operaciebis gziT da am operaciebs sruliad
gansazRvruli Tanmimdevroba aqvs. kerZod, imisTvis rom sagnis am movlenis arsi
gamovavlinoT, aucilebelia davinaxoT misi yvela niSanTviseba. e.i. unda mivuTiToT yvela im
Taviseburebaze, rasac ki vimCnevT gasaazrebel saganze. sagnis aseTs azrobriv daSlas mis
Semadgenel niSanTvisebebad analizi ewodeba. amgvarad azrovnebis procesi yovelTvis
analizis operaciiT iwyeba. analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs avRweroT mocemuli sagani, ise
rogorc Cven mas vxedavT da moviazrebT. rac ufro met niSanTvisebas gamovavlenT mocemul
saganSi, miT ufro srulyofili iqneba Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli analizi.
analizi imis saSualebas ki gvaZlevs, rom Sesamecnebeli sagnis niSanTvisebebi
gamovavlinoT, magram es ar aris sakmarisi imisTvis, rom sagnis arss mivagnoT. axla saWiroa
yvela Cvens mier mignebuli niSanTviseba calcalke ganvixiloT da gavarkvioT ramdenad
gamoxatavs mocemuli niSani sagnis arss. amisTvis mocemul niSanTvisebas azrobrivad
CamovaSorebT sagans da mas ganvixilavT sagnisagan damoukideblad, iseve rogorc TviTon
sagans ganvixilavT mocemuli niSanTvisebebis gareSe. am operacias ganyeneba, anu abstraqcia
ewodeba. misTviis damaxasiTebeli niSnis gareSe sagnis warmodgena mxolod abstraqtulad
aris SesaZlebeli.
abstraqcia saSualebas gvaZlevs erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavoT sagnisTvis specifikuri,
misTvis saerTo damaxasiTebeli niSnebi da SemTxveviTi araspecifikuri niSnebi. specifikuri
iqneba iseTi niSani romelic mxolod mocemuli sagnisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli da misi
klasis sagnebs garda sxvas ar axasiaTebs, magram specifikuri niSnis migneba jer ar niSnavs
imas rom sagnis am movlenis arsi aRmoCenilia. sagnis arsad mxolod iseTi specifikuri niSani
SeiZleba iqnas miCneuli romlis CamoSorebiTac sagani ver CaiTvleba imaT rasac igi
warmoadgens, magram rom davadasturoT sagnis mier ama Tu im niSnis CamoSorebiT misi arsis
dakargva, mocemuli niSani damaxasiaTebeli unda iyos ara erTeuli sagnebisaTvis aramed
saganTa mTeli klasisaTvis. es ki mxolod abstraqciiT miuwvdomelia. SeiZleba movaxdinoT
uamravi konkretuli sagnis analizi da maTSi mignebuli niSanTvisebebi abstraqciulad
ganvixiloT, magram Tu am abstragirebuli niSnebis safuZvelze saganTa klasifikacia ar
movaxdineT, isev miuwvdomeli darCeba, TuU kerZod ras warmoadgens sagani. mag: rogor
SeiZleba movaxdinoT misi ganmarteba. amisaTvis ki abstragirebuli niSanTviseba unda
ganzogaddes, e.i. naCvenebi unda iqnas saganTa romel klass moicavs igi. am operacias ewodeba
sinTezi. sinTezis Sedegad sagnis arsis Semecneba mTavrdeba, problema ukve gadaWrilia.
amrigad azrovnebis procesi iwyeba analizis operaciiT, romlis Semdegac xorcieldeba
abstraqciis operacia da mTavrdeba sinTezis operaciiT. aseTia azrovnebis procesi
Tanamedrove kulturul adamianTan. aseT azrovnebas sxvagvarad analizur-sintezur
azrovnebasac uwodeben an abstraqtul azrovnebas, radgan erTerTi ZiriTadi operacia
romliTac is xorcieldeba aris abstraqciis operacia. sagnis ganmarteba misi arsebiTi
niSnebiT aris sagnis cnebis Camoyalibeba, cneba ki logikis ZiriTadi kategoriaa, amitom aseT
azrovnebas cnebiT anu logikur azrovnebasac uwodeben.
arsebobs arzovnebis sxvagvari formebic, kerZod intuituri azrovneba, rodesac
azrovnebis zemoT dasaxelebuli operaciebi ar xorcieldeba da subieqti uSualod wvdeba
problemis amoxsnas, mis arss yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe. intuicia ufro metad im
SemTxvevaSi viTardeba rodesac adamians xSirad uwevs analizur-sintezuri muSaoba
romelime sferoSi. arsebobs agreTve azrovnebis ufro primitiuli formebi, kerZod:
praqtikuli azrovneba da xatovani azrovneba, romlebic azrovnebis ganviTarebis genetikuri
safexurebia.

cnebiTi azrovnebis ZiriTadi formebi

ganviTarebis Tanamedrove doneze mdgomi adamianis azrovneba, rogorc iTqva aris
cnebiTi anu abstraqtuli azrovneba. cnebiTi am azrovnebas imis gamo ewodeba rom misi
meSveobiT Cven, rogorc vnaxeT avsaxavT saganTa zogad arss. sagnis gageba misi zogadi
arsebiTi niSnebis safuZvelze ki niSnavs sagnis cnebis Camoyalibebas, e.i. abstarqtuli
azrovneba saSualebas gvaZlevs CamovayaliboT cnebebi da amiT sagnobrivi sinamdvile
kategorizirebulad avsaxoT. cneba ki rogorc viciT ZiriTadi logikuri kategoriaa, e.i.
abstraqtuli azrovnebis produqtebi Cven gveZleva logikuri kategoriebis formiT. amitom
cnebiTi anu abstraqtuli azrovnebis ZiriTadi formebia cneba, msjeloba da daskvna.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:
1. cneba. logikaSi cneba ewodeba sagnis ganmartebas misi arsebiTi niSnebis safuZvelze,
magram yoveli adamianisTvis cnebaTa namdvili Sinaarsi misawvdomi araa. fsiqologiurad cneba
ganicdeba, rogorc sityvis Sinaarsi. Tu is Sinaarsi rogoradac adamians esmis mocemuli
sityva, asaxavs am sityviT asaxuli sinamdvilis arsebiT niSnebs, maSin igi emTxveva mecnierul
anu logikur cnebas. magram rodesac Cven yoveldRiurad vxmarobT ama Tu im sityvebs, maT
Sinaars yovelTvis arsebiTi niSnebiT ar gaviazrebT, miuxedavad amisa sityvis mniSvneloba
Cven sworad gvesmis. am SemTxvevaSi Cvens mier naxmari sityvis Sinaarsi ar emTxveva logikur
cnebas, magram CvenTvis igi mainc asrulebs cnebis funqcias. aseT cnebas fsiqologiaSi cnebis
funqcionaluri ekvivalenti ewodeba.
azrovnebis danarCeni formebis, kerZod msjelobisa da daskvnis mimdinareoba
damokidebulia im cnebis Sinaarsze, romelsac adamiani Tavisi azrovnebis procesSi iyenebs.
rac ufro sworad da Rrmad esmis pirovnebas mis mier gamoqveynebuli cnebis Sinaarsi, miT
ufro WeSmaritebas uaxlovdeba misi msjelobebi da daskvnebi.
 2. msjeloba. msjeloba niSnavs mimarTebis damyarebas cnebebs Soris. msjelobis
logikur gagebasa da fsiqologiur gagebas Soris iseTive gansxvavebaa, rogoric cnebebis
logikur da fsiqologiur gagebas Soris. msjeloba, rogorc iTqva Sedgeba cnebebisagan,
amitom mis Sinaars pirvel rigSi gansazRvravs cnebaTa Sinaarsi, magram msjelobaSi amasTanve
yovelTvis ufro meti azria mocemuli, vidre mis SemadgenlobaSi Semaval cnebebSi. mag: iseT
martiv msjelobaSi, rogoricaa vTqvaT aseTi msjeloba _ `Tovli TeTria~, Sedis ori cneba:
Tovlis cneba da siTeTris cneba. am cnebaTa SejamebiT Cven ver miviRebT im azrs, romelic
msjelobaSia mocemuli, kerZod azri imis Sesaxeb, rom Tovls axasiaTebs siTeTris niSani,
mxolod mocemul msjelobas ganekuTvneba da aq naxmari cnebebis Sinaarsze ver daiyvaneba.
3. daskvna: sxvadasxva msjelobaTa safuZvelze axali msjelobis gamoyvanas, daskvna
ewodeba. wina msjelobebs, romelTa safuZvelze miiReba axali msjeloba, wanamZRvrebi
ewodebaT, xolo maT safuZvelze miRebul msjelobas ewodeba daskvna.
erTmaneTisagan ganasxaveben induqciur, deduqciur da analogiur daskvnebs.
induqciasTan saqme gvaqvs maSin, rodesac kerZo msjelobidan gamogvyavs axali zogadi
xasiaTis msjeloba. deduqciis SemTxvevaSi piriqiT zogadidan gamogvyavs kerZo msjeloba.
analogiiT daskvana ewodeba iseT process, rodesac erT movlenaze dakvirvebis Sedegad
vmsjelobT sxva misi analogiuri movlenis Sesaxeb. analogiiT daskvna umravles SemTxvevasi
araa logikuri WeSmaritebis Semcvleli, magram fsiqologiurad adamianebi mimarTaven xolme
daskvnis am procesac.

azrovnebis genetikuri formebi

logikuri anu abstraqtuli azrovneba, romelic zemoT davaxasiaTeT, azrovnebis
ganviTarebis umaRlesi safexuria. sanam am dones miaRwevdes, azrovneba gaivlis ganviTarebis
genetikurad ufro adreul safexurebs. azrovnebis aRmoceneba dakavSirebulia, adamianis
praqtikuli saqmianobis mizanSewonili mimdinareobis aucileblobasTan. amitom yvelaze
pirvelad azrovneba warmoiSva praqtikuli azrovnebis formiT. praqtikuli azrovnebis
SemTxvevaSi subieqtis Teoriuli da praqtikuli moqmedeba jer kidev ar aris erTimeorisagan
mowyvetili. e.i. ar xdeba iseTnairad, rom jer problema gadaiWras, xolo Semdeg amis
Sesatyvisi moqmedeba ganxorcieldes. problemis winaSe mdgomi subieqti pirdapir iwyebs
moqmedebas da moqmedebs TviTon azrovnebis procesSive. am SemTxvevaSi cxadia azrovneba
xorcieldeba ara im formiT, rogorc logikuri azrovneba, e.i. eyrdnoba ara cnebebs,
msjelobebsa da daskvnebs, aramed eyrdnoba pirdapir praqtikul moqmedebebs, es azrovneba
emyareba mxolod im informacias, romelic aRqmaSi ar aris uSualod mocemuli da pirdapir
praqtikul moqmedebas aZlevs gonier xasiaTs. aseTi azrovnebis Casaxva SeiniSneba ukve
zogierT maRalganviTarebul cxovelebTan. mag: keleris mier Catarebul cdebSi maimunma
moaxerxa ramodenime joxi gadaeba erTmaneTisTvis da amis meSveobiT xelSi Caegdo Sors
dadebuli sakvebi, magram aucilebelia, rom joxebi am SemTxvevaSi aqtualurad iyos mocemul
situaciaSi. joxis warmodgena da Semdeg warmodgenis Sesabamisi moqmedeba maimuns ar SeuZlia.
aseTi praqtikuli azrovnebis unari SeimCneva Cvil bavSvebTan. mag: 9-10 Tvis bavSvebi axerxeben
maTTvis saintereso saTamaSos xelSi Casagdebad gamoiyenon masze mobmuli Zafi an maT xelT
arsebuli joxi da a.S. SemdegSi adamianis inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis kvalobaze,
praqtikuli azrovneba sul ufro da ufro rTuldeba da igi Cvens cxovrebaSic asrulebs
garkveul rols, iseT situaciebSi, rodesac Cvens winaSe mdgari praqtikuli amocanebis
gadasaWrelad rTuli Teoriuli msjeloba ar gvesaWiroeba.
azrovnebis ganviTarebis Semdegi, ufro maRali safexuria TvalsaCino konkretuli anu
xatovani azrovneba, romelic isaxeba bavSvebTan daaxloebiT sami wlidan da wamyvan rols
asrulebs mis inteleqtualur saqmianobaSi daaxloebiT 10 wlamde, risi Semdegac ukve iwyeba
abstraqtuli azrovnebis intensiuri ganviTareba. xatovani azrovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
azrovnebisa da moqmedebis procesis erTimeorisagan mowyveta. e.i. jer xdeba problemis
gadaWra da Semdeg amis Sesatyvisad moqmedeba. am semTxvevaSi ukve azrovnebis procesi aRar
saWiroebs mxolod aRqmiT mopovebl informaciaze dayrdnobas. am SemTxvevaSi azrovnebis
operaciebi ukve warmodgenebze dayrdnobiTac xorcieldeba. xatovani azrovnebis dros
subieqti TvalsaCinod warmoadgens problemis gadaWris mTel situacias da rodesac
warmodgenebSi gadaiWreba problema, mxolod amis Semdeg mimarTavs mis praqtikul
realizacias. mag: rodesac bavSvs, romelsac ukve xatovani azrovneba aqvs ganviTarebuli,
esaWiroeba romelime maRla dadebuli nivTis xelSi Cagdeba imisaTvis, rom skamze Sedges da
ase Seswvdes am nivTs, misTvis aucilebeli ar aris skami maincdamainc xelT hqondes da mas
aRiqvamdes. mas SeuZlia igi warmoidginos kidec da warmoidginos aseve mTeli moqmedeba,
romeli skamis meSveobiT unda ganxorcieldes, es praqtikul azrovnebasTan SedarebiT
xatovani azrovnebis didi upiratesobaa. xatovani azrovnebac intensiurad viTardeba adamianis
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis procesSi da igi Tanamedrove adamianis cxovrebaSic did rols
asrulebs, cxadia abstraqtuli azrovnebis gverdiT.
 metyveleba

metyvelebis ganmarteba

azrovnebis proceSi Cvens cnebebsa da msjelobebs yovelTvis garkveul sityvier

formebs vaZlevT, uamisod azrovneba SeuZlebelia, iseve rogorc SeuZlebelia sityvieri
formis gareSe azrebi erTimeores gavuziaroT. azrebis sityvieri gamoxatvisaTvis Seqmnilia
mravali ena, romlebsac Cven viyenebT saWiroebis mixedviT. swored am process ewodeba
metyveleba. e.i. metyveleba aris moqmedeba, enis gamoyenebiT . rogorc vxedavT metyveleba
mWidro kavSirSia erTis mxriv adamianis azrovnebasTan, xolo meores mxriv enasTan, magram
cxadia igi arcerT maTganze ar daiyvaneba, marTalia azrovneba metyvelebis mixedviT
xorcieldeba, praqtikulad maTi erTmaneTisagan mowyveta SeuZlebelia, magram azrovneba mainc
calke procesia da metyveleba calke procesi. rac iqidanac Cans, rom erTi da igive azri
SeiZleba sxvadasxva sityvebiT iyos gadmocemuli, iseve rogorc zogierT SemTxvevaSi
azrovneba metyvelebis gareSec mimdinareobs, rogorc xdeba magaliTad, praqtikuli
azrovnebis dros. amasTanave, metyveleba uzrunvelyofs ara mxolod azrovnebis
mimdinareobas, aramed adamianis fsiqikuri aqtivobis mimdinareobas saerTod.
metyvelebis dros, rogorc iTqva vmoqmedebT enis gamoyenebiT. e.i. enis gareSe
metyveleba SeuZlebelia, magram enasa da metyvelebas Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa. ena
arsebobs obieqturad, igi Camoyalibebulia adamianTa garkveuli jgufis kulturul-
istoriuli ganviTarebis Sedegad da damokidebuli ar aris calkeul pirovnebasTan,
metyvelebis procesze. Cven SeiZleba kargad an cudad vflobdeT, sworad an arasworad
vmetyvelebdeT am enaze, magram amiT enis Sinaarsi da struqtura ar icvleba. e.i. ena iseve
arsebobs, rogorc nebismieri obieqturi movlena, xolo metyveleba adamianis konkretuli
moqmedebaa, romelic mis subieqtur Tvisebezec aris damokidebuli.

metyvelebis funqciebi

metyvelebas, iseve rogorc yvela sxva fsiqikur process Tavisi daniSnuleba, anu
funqcia gaaCnia. metyvelebis ZiriTadi funqciebia: komunikacia, signifikacia da eqspresia. am
TvalsazrisiT metyvelebis funqciebi emTxveva enis funqcias. metyvelebis komunikaciuri
funqcia gamoixateba imaSi, rom metyvelebis saSualebiT adamienebi erTmaneTTan urTierTobas
amyareben da erTmaneTs azrs uzaireben, magram imisTvis, rom metyvelebam es funqcia
Seasrulos, aucilebelia metyvelebaSi gamoyenebul sityvebs qondeT garkveuli obieqturi
mniSvneloba da sityvaTa es obieqturi Sinaarsi gasagebi iyos komunikaciaSi CarTuli yvela
subieqtisaTvis. swored amaSi mdgomareobs metyvelebis signifikaciuri funqcia. sityva
yovelTvis imis meSveobiT asrulebs urTierTobis iaraRis rols, rom igi ar niSnavs obieqtur
sinamdviles da yvela sityvas garkveuli obieqturi Sinaarsi aqvs. subieqtis mier sityvis
obieqturi Sinaarsis wvdomas a z r d e b a ewodeba. azrdebis gareSe sityva sxva araferia,
mxolod bgeraTa ubralo kompleqsia. gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod es ucxo enaTa mimarTebaSi
sCans, rodesac ucxo enis aseT sityvas wavawydebiT, romlis Sinaarsi Cven ar viciT, am sityvas
CvenTvis araviTari informacia ar moaqvs, mxolod misi mniSvnelobis gagebis Semdeg gadaiqceva
es sityva CvenTvis garkveuli azris matareblad. mSobliuri enis mimarT azrdeba xorcieldeba
pataraobidanve, am enaze metyvelebis dauflebis procesSi.
metyvelebis eq spresiuli funqcia gamoixateba, imaSi, rom metyveleba aris gancdebis
gamoxatvis saSualeba.

metyvelebis saxeebi
sxavadsxva procesebSi metyvelebis procesi SeiZleba sxavadsxvagvarad mimdinareobdes.
amis mixedviT erTimeorisagan ganasxvaveben metyvelebis sxvadsxva formas. ganasxvaveben mag:
garegan da Sinagan metvelebas. garegani metyveleba, rogorc wesi mimdinareobs xmamaRla da
ZiriTadad gamiznulia sxvebis mosasmenad. Sinagani metyveleba warmoadgens pirovnebis
metyvelebiT aqtivobas azrovnebis procesSi, rodesac adamiani azrovnebs, mas, rogorc iTqva
esaWiroeba azrovnebis Camoyalibeba, sityvieri formiT, risTvisac iyenebs Sinagan metyvelebas.
Sinagani metyveleba gareganTan SedarebiT SekumSulad mimdinareobs. Sinagani metyvelebis
procesSi ar xdeba sityvebis bolomde dasruleba da amasTanave gamotovebuli aris xolme
winadadebis mTeli rigi wevrebi. Tumca arsebobs Sinagani metyvelebis garkveuli forma,
kerZod, weriTi metyveleba, romelic, piriqiT, garegan metyvelebaze ufro ganvrcobilad
xorcieldeba. ganasxvaveben garegani metyvelebis or formas: dialogur metyvelebas da
monologur metyvelebas. dialogi niSnavs or an ramdenime adamianis erTmaneTan saubars,
rodesac isini rigrigobiT uziareben erTmaneTssakuTar azrebs. dialogi gansazRrulia
situaciurad, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom dialogis monawileebi zogierT rames ar amboben,
radgan gulisxmoben, es yovelTvis gasagebia. monologis SemTxvevaSi garkveuli drois
manZilze laparakobs erTi adamiani, xolo danarCenebi usmenen. dialogisgan gansxavavebiT
monologis dros aucilebelia yvela azri dasrulebulad iqnas warmoTqmuli.
 warmosaxva

SemcnebiT fsiqikur procesebs Soris warmosaxvas gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs,

radgan yvela danarCeni SemecnebiTi procesebi emsaxurebian sinamdvilis iseT asaxvas,
rogoradac igi arsebobs, warmosaxva ki TviTon qmnis axal sinamdviles. warmosaxvis meSveobiT
adamiani warmoidgens iseT raimes, rac arasodes arc unaxavs da SeiZleba realuradac
saerTod ar arsebobs. amgvarad, warmosaxvis, anu fantaziis procesSi adamiani axdens
arsebuli sinamdvilis SemoqmedebiTad gardaqmnas. ismis kiTxva: maS ratom iTvleba warmosaxva
SemეcnebiT fsiqikur procesad? Semecnebis, amocana xom arsebulis asaxvaa. saqme imaSia, rom
marTalia, warmosaxva sruliad axal sinamdviles qmins, magram masalas am sinamdvilis
asagebad aucileblad realobidan Rebulobs. Tu daukvirdebiT fantaziis nebismier produqts
Cven advilad davinaxavT, rom marTalia igi sruliad ararealuri sagani an amovlenaa, magram
Tavisi fantaziurobis miuxedavad შedgeba realuri sagnebidan aRebuli elementebisgan. mag:
berZnulma miTologiam Seqmna warmodgena „keნtavrze“, romelic realurad cxadia ar arsebobs,
magram misi elementebi aRebulia iseTi realuri arsebebidan, rogoric aris adamiani da cxeni,
swored amitom warmosaxva sinamdvilis Semecnebis garkveul formas warmoadgens.
warmosaxvis procesSi sinamdvilis SemoqmedebiTi gardaqmna xorcieldeba garkveuli
operaciebis meSveobiT. imisaTvis, rom fantastikuri warmodgena aigos, jer saWiroa saTanado
masala iyos mopovebuli, amisaTvis ki realuri sagnebi unda gamovirkvioT da warmodgenaSi
davSaloT igi Sedgenil elementebad. aseT operacias, rogorc vTqviT analizi ewodeba. masSi
warmosaxvis procesi iseve, rogorc azrovnebis procesi iwyeba analizis operaciiT, magram
warmosaxvis analizi arsebiTad gansxavdeba azrovnebis analizisagan. vinaidan, Tu azrovnebis
dros analizi sagnis araTvalsaCino arsebiT niSnebs exeba, warmosaxvis SemTxvevaSi igi
atarebs TvalsaCino xasiaTs. e.i. warmosaxvis pirveli operacia es aris TvalsaCino analizi.
sagani TvalsaCino warmodgenaSi iSleba mis Semadgenel elementebad. amis Semdeg saWiroa
gamoyofili elementebidan avirCiod is, romelic Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad gvWirdeba,
is Tviseba, Tu romeli elementi unda ganvayenoT mTelisagan, mag: warmosaxviT SeiZleba
warmovidginoT cocxali adamianis Tavi sxeulis gareSe, rogorc vxedavT aseTi ganyenebac
fantaziis procesSi atarebs TvalsaCino xasiaTs, xolo sabolod fantaziis xazis asagebad
saWiroa sxvadasxva sagnebidan aRebuli da ganyenebuli elementebi SevaerToT axlebur
konbinaciaSi, anu movaxdinoT maTi axleburi sinTezireba, amas TvalsaCino sinTezi ewodeba.
amrigad, warmosaxvis procesi xorcieldeba TvalsaCino analizis, TvalsaCino ganyenebisa da
TvalsaCino sinTezis operaciaTa meSveobiT, rodesac warmosaxvis produqtSi sinTezirebulia
oriode sagnidan aRebuli elementebi, saqme gvaqvs martiv sinTezsTan, xolo rodesac
warmosaxvis procesSi sinTezirebulia mravali sagnidan aRebuli elementebi, saqme gvaqvs
rTul sinTezTan. mag: warmodgena „kentavrze“, „sirinozze“ da a.S. aris martivi sinTezis
produqti. aseT martiv sinTezs sxvagvarad aglutinacia ewodeba.

warmosaxvis saxeebi

warmosaxvis process adamianma SeiZleba mimarTos winaswar ganzraxviTac da TviTon

daisaxos miznad sinamdvilis SemoqedebiTi Secvla da SesaZlebelia warmosaxvis procesi
pirovnebis uneburadac aRiZras da mas ararealuri saxeebi warmoadgendes. amis mixedviT
erTimeorisagan ganasxvaveben aqtiur fantazias, romelic pirovnebis nebiT xorcieldeba da
pasiur fantazias, romelic pirovnebis uneburad mimdinareobs. aqtiuri fantazia warmoadgens
ovelgavri semoqmedebiTi procesis fsiqologiur safuZvels. am semTxvevaSi Semoqmedi
sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi Canafiqris Sesabamisad ganaxorcielebs warmosaxvis zemoT aRweril
operaciebs da iZleva garkveuli Semoqmedebis process, iqneba es mxatruli naSromebi,
musikaluri Tu sxva. aqtiuri fantaziis mimdinareoba mkacrad emorCileba Semoqedebis
produqtis ganviTarebis Sinagan kanonzomierebebs. Semoqmedi yovelTvis iZulebulia mkacrad
daicvas Semoqmedebis Sinagani logika. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Seqminili nawarmoebi
moklebuli iqneba mtaxvrul damajereblobas. pasiuri warmosaxva xsirad pirovnebis uneburad
ereva sxva fsiqikuri procesis mimdinareobaSi da cvlis mas. mag: zogjer sagans Cven aRviqvamT
ara ise, rogorc is aris, aramed fantaziisagan saxeSecvlili formiT. aseve zogierT
SemTxvevaSi mTel rig movlenebs vixsenebT ara ise, rogorc iyo, aramed Cveni fantaziiT
gadasxvaferebulad da a.S. pasiuri fntaziis Tavisufali gamovlinebis formebia: sizmari
da ocneba.
 grZnobebi da emociebi

fsiqikur procesTa calke jgufs, rogorc viciT Seadgens emociuri Sinaarsis

fsiqikuri procesebi. Semecnebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic obieqturi sinamdvilis asaxvas
emsaxureba, emocia asaxavs TviTon subieqtis Sinagan sulier mdgomareobas mag: mis
damokidebulebas SemecnebaSi mocemuli obieqtis mimarT. zogierTi ram iqedan, rasac Cven
aRviqvamT da gaviazrebT mogvwons, zogi ram ki ar mogvwons, raRac gvaxarebs da raRac
gvamwuxrebs da a.S.
zogjer erTmaneTisgan ver ansxvaveben sityvebis _ SegrZnebisa da grZnobis
mniSvnelobas, maSin rodesac SegrZneba SemecnebiTi procesia da sagnis asaxvas emsaxureba,
xolo grZnoba emociuri procesia da wminda subieqtur gancdas warmoadgens.
fsiqologiaSi miRebulia emociuri Sinaarsis procesTa dayofa or jgufad: grZnobebad
da emociebad. es dayoba ramdenadme pirobiTia, radgan maT Soris gansxvaveba wminda
raodenobrivi xasiaTisaa da Zlier intensiur SemTxvevaSi nebismieri grZnoba SeiZleba
emociaSi gadaizardos. gansxvavebas grZnobebsa da emociebs Soris ZiriTadad imaSi
xedaven, rom grZnobaSi jer kidev sCans grZnobis gamomwvevi sagani e.i. subieqturobis
miuxedavad, grZnobas Taviseburi sagnobriobac axasaiTebs, xolo emociaSi aseTi ram
sruliad gamoricxulia. emocia, wminda subieqturi gancdaa, romelic mTlianad ipyrobs
cnobierebas da mas sagnobrivi ganzomileba saerTod ar gaaCnia.

grZnobaTa ZiriTadi Tvisebebi

1. subieqturoba: grZnoba, rogorc iTqva, wminda subieqturi gancdaa, misi daniSnuleba

aris, gviCvenos adamianis subieqturi damokidebuleba sinamdvilis movlenaTa mimarT,
amitom subieqturoba grZnobis arsebiT Tvisebas warmoadgens. arasubieqturi grZnoba
iseTive uSinaarso terminia, rogorc arasagnobrivi Semecneba.
2. emociuri gancdis erTianoba: grZnobas arasodes ara aqvs calke mokveTili Sinaarsi,
radgan igi sagnobriv sinamdviles ar asaxavs. emociuri gancda mTlianobiT erTian
gancdas warmoadgens da igi subieqtis sulier mdgomareobas mTlianobaSi asaxavs, es
iqidanac Cans, rom yovel momentSi adamiani SeiZleba ganicdides mxolod erT garkveul
emociur mdgomareobas. SeuZlebelia magaliTad erTdrulad gaxarebulic iyos da
damwuxrebulic.
3. intensivoba: grZnobas, iseve rogorc sxva fsiqikur movlenebs axasiatebs siZliere e.i.
intensivoba. grZnoba SeiZleba iyos metad an naklebad intensiuri.
4. siRrme: grZnobebi erTi meorisagan gansxvavdebian pirovnebaSi maTi Canergulobis, anu
siRrmis mixedviTac. zogierTi grZnoba Rrmad SesZravs pirovnebas da SeiZleba mis Semdgom
sulier cxovrebaze Rrma kvali datovos. zogierTi grZnoba ki mxolod pirovnebis
zedapirs Seexeba da misi gamomwvevi situaciis gancdis Semdeg SeiZleba ukvalod gaqres.
5. polaroba: grZnobebisaTvis damaxasiTebelia specipifikuri subieqturi gancda, romelic
an siamovnebis niSniTaa warmodgenili an usiamovnebis niSniT. siamovneba da usiamovneba
grZnoebis urTierTsapirispiro polusia. yvela grZnobebi am poluss Soris arian
ganlagebuli. grZnobaTa am Tvisebas polaroba ewodeba.
6. ambivalentoba: grZnoebebisaTvis, rogorc iTqva, damaxasiaTebelia siamovnebisa da
usiamovnebis polusebi, magram es polusebi erTmaneTisagan mowyvetilad ki ar ganicdebian,
aramed erTian gancdaSi arain xolme mocemuli. e.i. usiamovno grZnobis gancdis dros
rogorRac siamovnebac igulismeba, iseve rogorc sasiamovno grZnobis gancdis dros
rogorRac usiamovnebis grZnobis gancdac aris warmodgeneli. mag: sasixarulo ambiT
gamowveul siamovnebas rogorRac Tan axlavs usimovnebis Taviseburi gancdac. grZnobaTa
am Tvisebas ambivalentoba ewodeba.
zogierT grZnobasTan mimarTebaSi gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod Cans grZnobaTa
ambivalenturi buneba. mag: eWvianobis grZnoba Taviseburad aerTianebs siyvarulTan
dakavSirebul siamovnebsac da siZulvilTan dakavSirebul usiamovnebsac.
7. grZnobaTa seriozuloba-araseriozuloba: grZnobebs xasiaTdebian seriozuloba-
araseriozulobis niSniTac, rodesac grZnoba gamowveulia pirovnebis raime
cxovrebiseuli gancdiT e.i. realuri cxovrebiseuli viTarebiT saqme gvaqvs seriozul
grZnobasTan, xolo rodesac grZnoba gamowveuli aris ararealuri gamogonili situaciis
safuZvelze, saqme gvaqvs araseriozul grZnobasTan.

jeims-langis Teoria

grZnoba, rogorc vnaxeT aresbiTad gansxvavdeba SegrZnebebisagan, vinaidan grZnoba

asaxavs subieqtis Sinagan sulier mdgomareobas asaxavs, maSin rodesac SegrZneba
obieqturi sinamdvilis asaxvas emsaxureba, magram mTel rig SemTxvevaSi grZnoba da
SegrZneba ganicdeba erTianobaSi. mag: Zlieri Relvis dros adamiani SeigrZnobs majiscemis
momatebas, SeiZleba gafiTrdes an gawiTldes da a.S. grZnobas am SemTxvevaSi ukavSirdeba
garkveuli organuli SegrZnebebi. aseve mTeli rigi organuli SegrZneba ukavSirdeba
xolme ama Tu im grZnobebsac. mag: tkivilis SegrZnebas umetes wilad Tan erTvis
usiamovnebis grZnobac. amis safuZvelze mecnierebma jeims da langem erTi meorisagan
damoukideblad Camoayalibes Teoria, romlis Tanaxmadac grZnoba ar aris damoukidebeli
fsiqikuri procesi da igi mxolod organul SegrZnebaTa subieqtur gancdas warmoadgens.
e.i. garkveul pirobebSi adamians uCndeba kompleqsi mTeli rigi organuli SegrZnebebisa
da es aisaxeba fsiqikaSi saTanado grZnobis saxiT. jeimsi am Teoriis deda azrs ase
ganmartavs, rodesac mag: SiSis dros adamiani caxcaxebs, misi SiSi swored am caxcaxis
SegrZnebas warmoadgens da mets arafers. „me imitom ki ar vtiri, rom damwuxrebuli var,
aramed damwuxrebuli var imitom,rom vtiri~.
Tavis Teorias aRniSnuli avtorebi amtkiceben imiT, rom rodesac gvinda ama Tu im
grZnobis aRwera, Cven faqtiurad aRvwerT xolme mxolod organul SegrZnebebs, aRsawerad
sxva araferi gveZleva. garda amisa garkveuli organuli SegrZnebebis gamowveviT SeiZleba
adamianSi xelovnurad gamoviwvioT esa Tu is grZnoba. mag: alkoholis miRebam adamiani
SeiZleba an daamwuxros, an gaamxiarulos da a.S. ufro metic, Tu adamiani miiRebs
romelime grZnobis Sesatyvis azrs garkveuli xnis Semdeg masTan SeiZleba marTlac
aRmocendes saTanado grZnoba.
jeims-langes Teoriis mimarT unda iTqvas, rom marTalia igi eyrdnoba zogierT
swor dakvirvebas, magram pirvel rigSi gamarTuli ver aris logikurad, vinaidan
organuli SegrZnebebi yovelTvis ar aris grZnobis mizezi. grZnoba SeiZleba ganvicadoT
yovelgvari organuli SegrZnebebis gareSec. garda amisa sxvadasxvagvari grZnobebis
gancdis dros organuli SegrZnebebi xSirad erTmaneTs emTxveva. mag: sicili an tirili
SeiZleba sixaruliTac iyos gamowveuli da mwuxarebiTac. tkvilis SegrZneba adamianTa
umravlesobisaTvis arasasiamovnoa, magram arain adamianebi e.w. proxistebi, romlebic
ganicdian siamovnebiT.
jeims-langis Teoria mxolod imis nimuSad gamodgeba, rom grZnoba sruliad
gansakuTrebuli fsiqikuri procesia da sxva fsiqikur procesebze ver daiyvaneba.

grZnobebis klasifikacia

emociuri Sinaarsis fsiqikuri procesebi iyofa or jgufad, sagnobriv grZnobebad

da emociebad. aq dayofa ramdenadme pirobiTia, vinaidan, rogorc grZnobebi, aseve emociebi
adamianis struqturul mdgomareobas asaxaven. miuxedavad amisa, grZnobebsa da emociebs
Soris gansxvavebas ZiriTadad xedaven imaSi, rom grZnobaSi misi subieqturobis
miuxedavad, mainc moCans misi gamomwvevi sagnobrivi situacia e.i. subieqturobasTan erTad
grZnobas rogorRac sagnobriobac axasiaTebs, maSin rodesAemocia wminda subieqtur
gancdas warmoadgens da sagnobriobisagan sruliad Tavisufalia. emocia mxolod
cnobierebis mdgomareobaa adamianis Sinagani sulieri gancdaa, romelSic sruliad ar
aisaxeba gareSe samyaro. garkveul pirobebSi yovelma grZnobam SeiZleba miaRwios emociis
mdgomareobas. mag: Zlieri intensivobis grZnoba Cveulebriv gadaizrdeba xome afeqtis
emociaSi. es viTareba naTlad gviCvenebs, rom grZnobebs da emociebs Soris gansxvaveba
ZiriTadad raodenoriv xasiaTs atarebs.
imis mixedviT Tu kerZod ra sagnobriv Sinaars exeba esa Tu is grZnoba, grZnobebi
iyofian sxvadasxva jgufebad, kerZod erTi-meorisagan ganasxvaveben inteleqtualur,
moralur da esTetikur grZnobebs. inteleqtualuri is grZnobebia, romlebsac adamiani
ganicdis codnis SeZenis da WeSmaritebis procesSi. moraluria iseTi grZnobebi,
romlebic dakavSirebuli araian adamianis qcevis zneobriv aspeqtebTan. mag: vinmes
usamarTlo qceviT gamowveuli gabrazeba warmoadgens moralur grZnobas. esTetikuria
iseTi grZnobebi, romelsac adamiani ganicdis mSvenierebasTan da saerTod silamazesTan
mimarTebaSi. aseTi grZnobebi gveufleba mag: bunebis simSvenieris aRqmis dros da a. S.
grZnobebisagan gansxvavebiT, rogorc iTqva emocia wminda cnobierebis
mdgomareobas warmoadgens. ganixilaven emociis sam ZiriTad saxes, esenia: vneba, afeqti da
guneba. vneba adamianis iseTi emociuri mdgomareobaa, romelic xasiaTdeba didi siRrmiTa
da simtkiciT da warmoadgens adamianis miswrafebas sinamdvilis garkveul sferosTan
emociuri urTierTobisaken. mag: is ambavi, rom esa Tu is pirovneba Sepyrobilia vTqvaT
nadirobis vnebiT. niSnavs imas, rom igi am saqmianobaSi yovelTvis gansakuTrebul
sixaruls naxulobs da yovelTvis miiswrafis am saqmianobisaken.
afeqtisaTvis damaxasiTebelia Zalian Zlieri intensivoba, afeqti Cveulebriv
atarebs feTqebad xasiaTs. igi uceb aRmocendeba, ipyrobs mTel cnobierebas imdenad, rom
ikargeba cnobierebis yovelgvari kontroli qcevzae da aseve swrafad qreba.
guneba xasiTdeba neli mimdinareobiT da didi eqstensivobiT igi saerTod
ganfenilia pirovnebis cnobier gancdebze da warmoadgens misi fsiqikuri aqtivobis
mimdinareobis zogad emociur fons.
 nebisyofa

fsiqikur procesTa calke jgufs warmoadgens nebelobiTi Sinaarsis fsiqikuri

procesebi. aq Sedis procesebi, romlebic ganapirobeben adamianis qcevas. adamiani
sinamdvilisaken aqtiur damokidebulebaSia da mis aqtivobas yovelTvis gaaCnia garkveuli
mizani. qceva upirveles yovlisa swored mizniT ganisazRvreba. yovel qcevas Tavisi
garkveuli mizani aqvs. aRniSnuli miznis miRwevam unda uzrunvelyos adamianis ama Tu im
moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba, rodesac qcevis mizani uSualod akmayofilebs iseT
moTxovnilebas, romelsac asamiani am wuTSi ganicdis, rogorc xdeba mag: iseT SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac mowyurebuli adamiani siTxes miirebs, saqme gvaqvs impulsur qcevasTan, radgan
am qcevas amoZravebs moTxovnilebis impulsi, magram adamiani isaxavs ise miznebsac da
ganaxorcielebs maT Sesatyvis qcevas, romlebic mocemul momentSi aqtualur
moTxovnilebebs ar akmafoleben, magram emsaxurebian pirovnebis momavlis interesebs. mag:
rodesac daRlili adamiani, romelsac dasvenebis Zlieri moTxovnileba aqvs mainc
agrZelebs saqmis keTebas, cxadia igi iTvaliswinebs ara axlandel miTxovnilebas, aramed
momavlis interesebs. aseT qcevas ukve moTxovnilebis impulsi aRar amoZravebs. am
SemTxvevaSi TviTon pirovneba Tavisi pirovnuli ZaliT aZlevs qcevas garkveul
mimarTulebas da mihyavs igi momavlis interesebis Sesabamisad, aseT pirovnul Zalas
warmoadgens nebisyofa. nebbisyofa saSualebas gvaZlevs iseTi miznebi davisaxoT,
romlebic amjerad ar emsaxurebian Cvens moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas,magram romelTa
miRwevac pirovnebis momavlisatvis aucileblia. aseT qcevas nebismieri qceva ewodeba e.i.
impulsuria qceva, romelsac warmarTavs moTxovnilebis impulsi, xolo nebisimieria
qceva, romelsac warmarTavs nebisyofa. aRnisnulidan gamomdinare nebisyofa SeiZleba ase
ganvmartoT: „nebisyofa aris fsiqikuri procesi,romlis meSveobiTac pirovneba marTavs
sakuTar qcevas“.
nebismier qcevas, rogorc iTqva yovelTvis gaaCnia garkveuli konkretuli mizani. miznis
dasaxva xdeba garkveuli mosazrebiT. rodesac pirovneba mizans isaxavs garkveul wilad
wamoayenebs garkveul mosazrebebs, Tu ratom unda ganxorcielos es qceva. im
fsiqologiur safuZvels, romelze dayrdnobiTac mizani isaxeba motivi ewodeba. e.i.
yoveli qceva saTanado motivis safuzvelZe xorcieldeba. e.i. saTanadod motiverebulia.
nebismieri qcevis periodebi: nebismieri, rogorc iTqva iseTi qcevaa, romelsac
pirovneba ganaxorcielebs nebisyofis ZaliT. nebismieri qceva garkveul etapebs gaivlis
dawyebidan damTavrebamde. kerZod am qcevaSi gamoyofen sam ZiriTad periods. esenia: 1.
Sefasebis anu motivaciis periodi. 2. gadawyvetilebis miღebis periodi da 3.
gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis periodi.
pirvel periodSi xdeba mosalodneli qcevis Sefaseba anu misi Rirebulebebis
gansazRvra. e.i. pirovneba pasuxs aZlevs sakuTar Tavs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom unda
ganaxorcielos man es qceva. mosalodneli qcevis Rirebulebebis gansazRvra niSnavs misi
motivis moZebnas. amrigad, nebismieri qceva rom daiwyos, jer aucileblad unda
ganxorcieldes motivaciis procesi. nebismieri qcevis meore periodi, rogorc iTqva aris
gadawyvetilebis miRebis periodi. winaperiodSi ganxorcielebuli Sefasebis safuZvelze
pirovneba bolos da bolos gadawyvets, rogor moiqces, ra gaakeTos da ra ar gaakeTos.
e.i. daisaxavs konkretul mizans, romelic unda ganaxorcielos. fsiqologiaSi
wamoyenebulia mosazreba, rom motivis moZebna faqtiurad gadawyvetilebis miRebas niSnavs
da gadawyvetilebis miRebis periodi calke periodad ar unda gamoiyos, magram es
mosazreba veraa saTanadod dasabuTebuli, vinaidan mosalodneli qcevis Sefaseba da misi
Rirebulebis swored gansazRvra yovelTvis ver uzrunvelyofs saTanado gadawyvetilebis
miRebas. mag: moswavlem SeiZleba Zalian kargad icodes codnis SeZenis didi Rirebuleba,
magram mecadineobis process guli ver daudos. gadawyvetilebis calke periodad
gamoyofis aucilebloba gansakuTrebiT naTlad sCans iqidan, rom arsebobs nebisyofis
daavadebis iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac adamiani rCeba mxolod Sefasebis etapze da
gadawyvetileba ver gamoaqvs, aseT daavadebas ewodeba abulia. abuliiT daavadebulT
umartives situaciaSic ki ar SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis miReba. igi gamodmebiT msjelobs
mosalodneli qcevis misaRebloba-miuReblobis Sesaxeb, magram vercerTnairi
gadawyvetileba saboolod ver gamoaqvs. gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg adamiani
ganaxorcielebs qcevis aqtebs, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon miRebuli gadawyvetilebis
Sesruleba. Sesrulebis periodTan dakavSirebiTac aris wamoyenebuli mosazreba, rom igi
avtomaturad miyveba gadawyvetilebas da calke periodad ar unda iyos gamoyofili,
magram es mosazrebac ver CaiTvleba marTebulad, vinaidan adamiani xSirad Rebulobs
iseT gadawyvetilebebsac, romlebsac Semdeg ar asrulebs, rac misi uzrunvelyofis erT-
erTi macvenebelia. amasTanave sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom arsebobs nebisyofis
daavadebis iseTo formac, rodesac adamiani saerTod ver axerxebs veraviTari winaswar
ganzraxuli moqmedebis ganxorcielebas da misi moqmedeba yovelTvis aqtualuri
impulsebiT imarTeba, nebisyofis aseT daavadebas apraqsia ewodeba. apraqsiiT
daavadebulT: mag: arSeuZlia Saikras paltos Rilebi Tuki ar civa.
 pirovnebis fsiqikuri Tvisebebi

fsiqikuri sinamdvilis calke sferos warmoadgens pirovnebis fsiqikuri

Tvisebebi,romlebic ganapirobeben am konkretuli pirovnebis sulieri cxovrebis
mimdinareobas. ganvixilavT pirovnebis iseT ZiriTad fsiqikur Tvisebebs, rogoricaa niWi
da zogadi goniereba, temperamenti da xasiaTi.
niWi da zogadi goniereba: Cven SeviswavliT SemecnebiT fsiqikuri procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebi, magram es procesebi sxvadsxva adamianTan metnaklebad
sxvadsxvagvarad xorcieldebian, rac damokidebulia maT zogad gonierebasa da
specifikur niWierebaze. niWi ewodeba adamianis mier saqmianobis ama Tu im sferos advilad
dauflebis da maRal xarisxovnad ganxorcielebis unars. mag: rodesac vinmeze vambobT,
rom mas aqvs maTematikis niWi. aq is igulisxmeba, rom es pirovneba advilad eufleba
maTematikur cnobas da SeuZlia maTematikuri amocanebi SemoqmedebiTad gadaWras.niWi aqvs
aucileblad specifikuri gansazRvruloba e.i. igi exeba saqmianobis romelime konkretul
sferos, amitom uazrobaa vinmes niWierebaze an inuWobaze zogadi saubari. tovel adamians
Tu ki mas jansaRi fsiqika aqvs aucileblad ganuvitardeba niWiereba garkveuli
saqmianobis mimarT da aravin ar iqneba zogadad yvela saqmianobaSi erTnairad niWieri.
ismis kiTxva, niWi Tandayolilia Tu SeZenili. Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi dadgelinad
iTvleba, rom ama Tu im specifikur niWierebis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia bavSvi
daibados saTanado monacamebiT, radgan veraviTari swavleba da aRzrda ver
uzrunvelyofs imas, rom Tu mag: bavSvs ar dahyva musikaluri niWisaTvis saWiro
monacemebi, misgan gamovides niWieri musikosi, magram meores mxriv cnobilia isic, rom
araviTari niWierebeba ar viTardeba saTanado probebis swavlebisa da varjiSis gareSe.
amrigad niWierebis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia, rogorc TanSobili monacemebis, aseve
saTanado garemo pirobebis erTmaneTTan Tanxvedra. TanSobils monacemebs, romelic
warmaodgens safuZvels niWis ganviTarebisaTvis ewodeba nasaxi. bavSvi ibadeba garkveuli
nasaxebiT, xolo romeli nsaxidan ganaviTardeba niWiereba es damokidebulia SemdgomSi
misi cxovrebis pirobebze. specifikur niWierebsaTan erTad yvela adamians gaaCnia zogadi
gonierebis anu zogadi inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis garkveuli done. zogadi gonierebiT
adamienebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. adamianTa ZiriTadi masa saSualo zogadi
gonierebiT gamoirCeva, magram es masa araa erTgvarovani. gvxdebian adaminebi, romlebic
zogadi gonierebis maRali doniT gamoirCeva da gvxdebian adamienebi piriqiT. rodesac
zogadi gonierebis maRali done Serwymulia romelime specifikuri niWierebis aseve maRal
doneze ganviTarebsaTan, ise rom saqmianobis mocemul sferoSi adamiani gansakuTrebul
nayofierebsas da Semoqmedebas amJRavnebs, saqme gvaqvs talantTan. rodesac specifikuri
niWiereba imdenaTaa ganviTarebuli, rom adamiani Tavisi moRvaweobiT win eswrebs sakuRar
epoqas da epoqaluri mniSvnelobis saqmeebs akeTebs, saqme gvaqvs genisoTan, xolo rodesac
adamians genialuri miRwevebi aqvs erTdorulad saqmianobis mravals sferoSi, saqme gvavqs
univelrsalur geniosTan. talanti , geniosi da universaluri geniosi niWierebis maRal
doneze ganviTarebis safexurebia.

temperamenti

temperamenti aris pirovnebis Tviseba, romelic ganapirobebs misi emociuri

cxovrebis mimdinareobas. zogi adamiani emociurad advilad agznebadia, zogi ki Znelad,
zogi garegnulad gamoxatavs Tavis emociebs, zogi ki emociebis gamomJRavnebisgan Tavs
ikavebs, zgoierTs dadebiTi Sinaarsis sasiamovno emociebisaken ufro aqvs midrekileba,
zogierTs ki uaryofiTi Sinaarsis ara sasiamvno emociebi ufro axasiaTebs, zogierTs
emociuri cxovreba da saerTod fsiqikuri aqtivoba aCqarebul tempSi mimdinareobs,
zogierTisa ki Senebul tempSi. es yvelaferi pirovnebis temperamentzea damokidebuli.
temperamenti pirvelad aRwera Zvelma berZenma moazrovnem “hipokratem“ manve daaxasiaTa
temperamentis sxvadsaxva tipebi. temperamentis hipokratiseul aRweras da temperamentis
tipebis miseul daxasiaTebas Tanamedrove mecnierebac iziarebs. hipokrates ar eTanxmebian
mxolod temperamentis safuZvelis axsnaSi, magram es calke sakiTxia. hipokrate gamoyofs
temperamentis oTx tips, esenia: sangvinikuri, qolerikuli, flegmatikuri da
melanqolikuri temperamentis tipebi.
sangvinikuri temperamneti: sangvinikuri temperamentis adamianisaTvis damaxasitebelia
fsiqikuri aqtivobis aCqarebuli tempi. aseTi adamiani advilad aRigzneba emociurad da
misi emociebi mimdinareoben Zlierad da cvalebadad. ase, rom sangvinikisaTvis mtkice da
Rrma emociebi damaxasiatebeli ar aris. mas garkveuli emocia intensiurad ipyrobs
mocemul momentSi, magram es ar grZeldeba didxans, erTi emociuri mdgomareoba Zalian
advilad icvleba meoreTi. amitom aris, rom zogjer sanngviniki didi enTuziazmiT iwyebs
raime saqmes, magram male kargavs am saqmisadmi interess da axla sul sxva axali gataceba
uCndeba. saerTod sangvinikebisaTvis damaxasiaTeblia dadebiTi Sinaarsis sasiamovno
emociebisaken midrekileba. igi umeteswilad mxiarul gunebazea da mowyeniloba misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli mdgomareoba ara. garemomcvel sinamdvileSi sangviniki kargs ufro
xedavs, vidre cuds. misTvis TiTqmis SeumCneveli rCeba cxovrebis Crdilovani
mxareebi.aseT temperamentis adamianze amboben, rom igi cxovrebas vardisferi saTvaleebiT
uyurebs. es ganapirobebs im garemoebas, rom sangviniki Cveulebriv optimisturadaa
ganwyobili da momavalSi mxolod kargis molodini gaCnia.
qolerikuli: qoleriki sangviniks gavs imiT,rom masac cxovrebaisa da fsiqikuri
aqtivobis aCqarebuli tempi axasiaTebs. agznebadobis TvalsazrisiT qolerikic
sangvinikiviT advilad agznebadia. emociurad masac intensiuri da gareT gamomJRavnebuli
emociebi axasaiTebs, amgarm qoleriki sangvinikisgan arsebiTad gansxvavdeba imiT, rom
misi emociebi ise swrafad ar qrebian, rogorc sangvinikis emociebi, piriqiT
qolerikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia maqsimalurad Rrma da mtkice grZnobebi. amitom
erTxel aRZruli emociuri mdgomareoba qolerikTan SeiZleba SenarCunebuli iqnas
sakmaod xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi.rodesac raime gadawyvetilebas miirebs qoleriki
energiulad kidebs saqmes xels da saqmes arasodes sangvinikiviT Sua gzaze ar maitovebs.
qolerikisTvis damaxasiaTeblia midrekileba ufro uaryofiTi emociebisakeb. igi
cxovrebas, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom savi saTvaliT uyurebsda yvelafers muq ferebSi aRiqvams.
cxovrebiT ukmayofiloba qoleriks aRZravs imisaTvis,rom aqtiurad ibrZolos cxovrebis
Tavis gemoze gadakeTebisTvis. igi yovelTvis ukmayofiloa sakuTari miRwevebiTac da
sxvebis saqmianobiTa. arsebobs aseTi gamoTqma, rom istorias qolerikebi qmnian, radgan
swored aseTi temperamentis adamianebs yvelaze meti SesaZlebloba aqvT gavlena
moaxdinon istoriis msvlelobaze.
flegmatikuri temperamenti: flegmatikuri temperamentis adamianisaTvis sangvinikisa
da qolerikisgan gansxvavebiT damaxasiaTebelia fsiqikuri aqtivobis Senelebuli tempi.
aseT adamianebTan grZnobebi Znelad gamoiwveva da Cveulebriv ar axasiaTebT,maTi garet
gamomJRavneba. ase, rom flegmatiki Zalze iSviaTad kargavs wonasworobas, mniSvnelovan
situaciebSic ki igi emociur wonasworobas inarCunebs. Sinaarsisi mixedviT
flegmatikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sasiamovno dadebiTi emocebisaken midrekileba. am
TvalsazrisiT flegmatiki emsgavseba sangvinik, cxovrebas isic sangvinikiviT vardisferi
saTvaliT uyurebs.
melanqolikuri temperamenti: melanqolikuri temperamentis adamianisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia fsiqikuri aqtivobis Senelebuli da amastanave maqsimaluri
midrekileba ara sasiamovno uaryofiTi Sinaarsis emociebisaken. melanqoliki cxovrebaSi
cuds ufro xedavs, vidre kargs, magram dakarguli aqvs imedi, rom cxovrebaSi raime
Seicvalos. igi pesimisturadaa ganwyobili da momvlisagan cuds ufro moelis vidre
kargs.

xasiaTi

xasiTi warmoadgens pirovnebis fsiqikur Tvisebas, romelic gansazRvravs

nebelobiTi procesebis mimdinareobas, rogori moTxovnilebebia ama Tu im adamianisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli, ra Rirebilebebsa da idealebs emsaxureba igi Tavis cxorebaSi,
saqmianobis romel sferoSi moRvaweoba ufro ainteresebs, rogor urTierTobaSi da
damokidebulebaSia sxva adamianebTan, ramdenad mtkicea misi nebisyofa da a.S. es yovelive
am pirovnebis xasiaTzea damokidebuli. xasiaTi uyalibdeba adamians zrda-ganviTarebis
procesSi da rogorc iTqva pirovnebis xasiaTze aris damokidebuli, Tu rogor qcevebs
ganaxorcielebs esa Tu is pirovneba da ra fsiqologiuri Sinaarsi eqnebaT am qcevebs.
pirovnebis nebelobiTi sfero roogorc viciT metad mravalmxrivi da
mravalsganzomilebiania, aq Sedis nebisyofa, moTxovnilebebi, qcevis miznebi da a. S. mitom
xasiTis tipebis erTi meorisgan gansxvaveba damokidebulia imaze, Tu nebelobis romel
mxares aviRebT saklasifikacioO niSnad, rodesac xasiaTis tipebs ajufeben nebisyofis
mixeviT. masin erTimeorisagan ganasxvaveben Zlieri da susti xasiaTis adamianebs. Zlieri
xasiaTi niSnavs, rom pirovnebas aqvs mtkice nebisyofa, xolo susuti xasiaTi niSnavs, rom
pirovnebas saTanado nebisyofa ar gaaCnia da Tavis qcevebSi igi ufro metad sxvebis
karnaxze an aqtualuri situaciss impulszea damokidebuli. zogjer xasiaTis tipebs
erTimeorisagan gansaxvaveben saqmianobis im sferoTa Sinaarsisi mixeviT, romlis mimarTac
pirovneba gansakuTrebul dainteresebas icens. amis mixedviT magaliTad gamoyofen
xasiaTis aseT tipebs: 1. Teoriuli adamiani. es iseTi xasiaTis tipia, romelis umaRles
mowodebas warmoadgens TiToeuli mecnieruli kvleva Zieba. 2. politikur adamiani,
romelic Zalauflebis mopovebasa da politikur moRvaweobaSi xedavs umaRles
Rirebulebes. 3. ekonomiur adamiani, romlisTvisac cxovrebis ekonomiuri mxare aris
yvelaze mTavari. 4. religiuri adamiani, romlisTvisac yvelaze metad religiuri gancdebi
aris damaxasiaTebeli da a.S.
Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi ufro metaD gavrcelebulia xasiaTis tipta klasifikavia
imis mixedviT, Tu rogor damokidebulebaSia adamiani sxva adamianebTan, ra Sinaarsis
socilauri urTierTobebi da damokidebulebebia misTvis damaxasiTebeli. amis mixevdiT
erTmanetisagan ganasxavveben 3 tipis xasiaTs: 1. autotelisturi xasiTi 2.
heterotelisturi xasiaTi 3. introcepciuri xasiaTi
autotelituri xasiTis adamiani ZairiTadT socialur urTiertobebSia orientirebuli
sakuTar Tavze. mas gansakuTrebulad aintersebs yuradRebis centrSi yofna da sakuTari
miswrafebebis dakmayofileba. autotelituri xasiTis yvelaze mkveTr gamovlinebas
warmoadgens egosituri xasiaTi, rodesac pirovneba yvelas da yvelafers uyurebs,
rogorc sakuTari miznebis saSualebas. egoisti yovelTvis mzad aris, radac ar unda
daujdes daijmayofilos sakuTari moTxovnilebebi, Tundac amiT didi ziani adgebodeT
sxva adaminebs.
heterotelisturi xasiaTis adamiani socialur urTierTobebSi ZiriTadaT
orientirebulai sxva adamienebze. aseTi xasiaTis yvelaze TvalsaCino nimuSs warmoadgens
altruistuli xasiaTi, rodesac adamiani yovelTvis mzadaa daxmarebis xeli gauwios
sxva adamianebs. altruisti uangarod zrunavs sxva adamianTa keTildReobaze, Tundac
amiT TviTon zaraldebodes.
xasiaTis yvelaze harmonul ganviTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme introcepciuri xasiaTis
SemTxvevaSi. introcepciuri xasiaTis adamianTan piraduli da sazogadoebrivi interesebi
erTmaneTan aris Sexamebuli. aseTi xasiaTis adamiani iTvaliswinebs sxva adamianis
mdgomareobasac, zrunavs maT keTildReobaze, magram arc sakuTari Tavi yavs daviwyebuli.